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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two strains of Trichomonas vaginalis, JH162A, with low pathogenicity, and Balt 44, with high pathogenicity, as well as one highly pathogenic strain, KV-1, of Tritrichomonas foetus were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy.The protoplasmic faces (PFs) of the cell membranes of all three strains of both species had similar numbers of intramembranous particles (IMPs); however, the particles in the external faces (EFs) of these membranes were least abundant in Trichomonas vaginalis strain Balt 44 and most numerous in those of strain JH162A of this species. In Tritrichomonas foetus strain KV-1 the number of IMPs in the EF was close to but somewhat lower than that in the mild strain of the human urogenital trichomonad. In both species, the anterior, but not the recurrent, flagella had rosette-like formations, consisting of ∼9 to 12 IMPs on both the PFs and EFs. The numbers and distribution of the rosettes appeared to vary among different flagella and in different areas of individual flagella of a single organism belonging to either species. The freeze-fracture electron micrographs provided a more complete understanding of the fine structure of undulating membranes of Trichomonadinae, as represented by Trichomonas vaginalis, and of Tritrichomonadinae (the Tritrichomonas augusta-type), as exemplified by Tritrichomonas foetus, than was gained from previous transmission and scanning electron microscope studies. Typically three longitudinal rows of IMPs on the PF of the recurrent flagellum of Trichomonas vaginalis were noted in the area of attachment of this flagellum to the undulating membrane. The functional aspects of the various structures and differences between certain organelles revealed in the two trichomonad species by the freeze-fracture method are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 14 (1967), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. In the nearly mature macrogametes of Eimeria auburnensis, the cell membrane is a unit membrane, with underlying and overlying osmiophilic layers usually present. Cup-shaped micropores were occasionally seen. Smaller, V-shaped invaginations were also found in considerable numbers at the surface. At the deepest point, these invaginations were bounded only by a unit membrane. Immediately adjacent to this point, vesicles with homogenous electron-pale contents bounded by a similar unit membrane, were frequently seen. Pinocytosis evidently occurs at the site of these invaginations. Numerous folds of the host cell membrane bordering the vacuole in which the parasite lay extended about 0.1–0.7 μ into the vacuole. These “intravacuolar folds” varied in depth and number in different specimens. In some, the majority of folds had apparently become disconnected from the host cell membrane. A highly developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum occurred in the adjacent host cell cytoplasm. The intravacuolar folds may assist in transfer of nutrients, including membrane material, from the host cell to the parasite. The evidence indicates that in this species of Eimeria nutrients are taken into the parasite primarily as fluids by pinocytosis and possibly other processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 9 (1962), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. By means of electron microscopy, a study has been made of the fine structure of the macrogametocytes, microgametocytes and oocysts of Eimeria perforans from the intestine of the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The parasites lie in a vacuole within the host cell. The surface of the gametocytes is not plain, but displays irregular protrusions. A large intranuclear body can be detected within the macrogametocytes. Similar structures are also found within the cytoplasm. Within the latter there exists a large spread out reticulum, the channels and vesicles of which concentrate especially close to the nuclear membrane. Tubuli are seen in the numerous mitochondria, which often have a dumb-bell shape.In most of the gametocytes irregular, strongly osmiophilic lipid inclusions are observed, which always are surrounded by the endoplasmic reticulum. Strange folded ovoid bodies are found within the cytoplasm of the oocysts. Nothing can be told with certainty of their nature and function. Probably they represent specific storage bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 56 (1963), S. 99-108 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Structural connections between adjacent cilia have not been observed in invertebrates so far. The plasmatic connections now discovered inBrachionus may be responsible for the synchronism of the ciliar movement. However, no definite statement on this subject can be made on reasons of morphological findings. The closely packed large mitochondria in the very neighbourhood of the rootlets are also certainly essential for the ciliar movement. Concentrations of mitochondria in the neighbourhood of moving organels are known to exist frequently, having the task of providing energy (Novikoff 1961; Weißenfels 1961). There are e. g. closely neighbouring mitochondria at the axial filament of spermatozoa (Novikoff 1961), furthermore a particularly large mitochondrium in the vicinity of the kinetosome inTrypanosoma mega (Steinert 1960) and the equally very large sarkosomes in the flight muscles of insects (Edwards, Ruska and de Harven 1958; Hoffmeister 1961). The passway of the energy provided by the mitochondria to the moving organels has not been known so far. However, we assume that in all probability the digitations of the mitochondria inBrachionus play a rôle in this process. There is a parallel existing in the observations of Pochon-Masson (1960) on the close morphological relations between mitochondria and myofibrils in insect larvae.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Strukturelle Querverbindungen zwischen benachbarten Cilien sind bisher bei Invertebraten noch nicht beobachtet worden. Die nunmehr beiBrachionus aufgefundenen. Plasmabrücken dürften die Synchronie des Cilienschlages gewährleisten, doch läßt sich hierüber aus rein morphologischen Befunden noch keine sichere Aussage machen. Von Bedeutung für den Wimperschlag sind sicher auch die eng gepackten großen Mitochondrien in der unmittelbaren Nähe der Cilienwurzeln. Mitochondrienansammlungen in der Nähe von Bewegungsorganellen kommen ja häufig vor und dienen ohne Zweifel der Energieversorgung (Novikoff 1961; Weißenfels 1961). So kennt man z. B. dicht zusammenliegende Mitochondrien am Axialfaden von Spermatozoen (Novikoff 1961), ferner ein besonders großes, Mitochondrium in der Nachbarschaft des Basalkorns vonTrypanosoma mega (Steinert 1960) und die ebenfalls sehr großen Sarkosomen in der Flügelmuskulatur von Insekten (Edwards, Ruska und de Harven 1958; Hoffmeister 1961). Wie die von den Mitochondrien gelieferte Energie zu den Bewegungsorganellen gelangt, ist vorläufig noch unbekannt. Wir halten es aber für sehr wahrscheinlich, daß die fingerförmigen Ausstülpungen der Mitochondrien vonBrachionus dabei eine Rolle spielen. Diese Befunde finden eine Parallele in den Beobachtungen von Pochon-Masson (1960) über die engen morphologischen Beziehungen zwischen den Mitochondrien und den Myofibrillen bei Insektenlarven.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 41 (1954), S. 40-40 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 19 (1959), S. 353-357 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine größere Anzahl von Nestlingen (269) wurde auf Coccidien-Befall hin untersucht. Es handelt sich vorwiegend um Vertreter von Singvogelarten (206) und Haustauben (63). Die Nestjungen waren hier bis zu 17,1% von Coccidien befallen. Die Infektionen erwiesen sich durchweg als sehr schwach. Unter normalen Verhältnissen treten akute Coccidiose-Fälle bei Nestlingen nicht auf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 22 (1962), S. 123-132 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A few developmental stages of Eimeria perforans from the intestine of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), namely macrogametocytes, microgametocytes and oocysts are described from electron microscopical studies. The parasites lie in a vacuole within the host cell. The surface of the gametocytes is not plain, but displays irregular extrusions. A large intranuclear body can be detected within the macrogametocytes. Similar structures are also observed within the cytoplasm indicating that parts of the intranuclear body migrate into the cytoplasm. Within the latter there exists a large spread out reticulum, the channels and vesicles of which concentrate especially close to the nuclear membrane. Tubuli are seen in the numerous mitochondria, the longest of which are dumbbell shaped. In most of the gametocytes irregular, strongly osmiophilic lipid inclusions are observed, which always are surrounded by a channel of the endoplasmic reticulum. Strange folded ovoid bodies are found within the cytoplasm of the oocysts. Nothing can be told with certainty of their nature and function.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse Die Makrogamonten, Mikrogamonten und Oocysten von Eimeria perforans liegen im Innern ihrer Wirtszelle in einer Flüssigkeitsvakuole. Die Oberfläche der Gamonten ist nicht glatt, sondern enthält unregelmäßige Vorwölbungen. Im Kern der weiblichen Gamonten liegt ein großer Binnenkörper. Da sich ähnliche Strukturen oft auch im Cytoplasma finden, kann man annehmen, daß Teile des Binnenkörpers ins Cytoplasma wandern. Die Grundstruktur des Cytoplasmas besteht aus einem unterschiedlich dichten System von punktförmigen Grana, die an einigen Stellen, besonders am Zellrand, auch fadenförmig sein können. Die Parasitenzelle besitzt ein ausgedehntes endoplasmatisches Reticulum, dessen Kanäle und Bläschen besonders in der Nähe des Kernes konzentriert sind. Mitochondrien waren bei Eimerien bisher noch nicht gefunden worden. Die hier neu beschriebenen, vielfach hantelförmigen Mitochondrien gehören dem Tubulus-Typus an. Ihr Vorhandensein deutet darauf hin, daß der Parasit nicht rein anoxybiontisch lebt. Das Cytoplasma der Oocysten enthält neben zahlreichen Glykogeneinschlüssen eigentümliche ovoide Membrankörper, die möglicherweise bei der Hüllenbildung eine Rolle spielen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 26 (1965), S. 50-62 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary By means of electron microscopy a study has been made of the cellular occurences during the schizogony which are characteristic for the two telosporidian species: Eimeria perforans from the intestine and E. stiedae from the liver of the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A comparative study between the schizonts of E. perforans and E. stiedae shows that they correspond in their fine structure. There exists only a difference in their form, for the schizonts of E. stiedae are spherical or ovoid, while those of E. perforans possess a longitudinally-stretched shape (about 6 μ wide and 20 μ long). E. stiedae is characterized by two types of schizonts: a large one — generally seen at the beginning of the infection — with a diameter of about 25 μ, and another one of 8–10 μ in size. During the development of the merozoites the nuclei are distributed within the whole cytoplasm of the schizont. There remains only a small residual body, because nearly the whole cytoplasm is consumed by the merozoites. In the schizonts the highly developed endoplasmic reticulum represents a concentrically arranged system of fissures causing the separation of the merozoites from the schizont-cytoplasm. This process is a real “separation by splitting”, so that the term schizogony may be perfectly acknowledged. There exists a close relation between the parasites and the nucleus of the host cell; usually they are separated only by a small layer of cytoplasm. — The position of the parasite (E. perforans) within the cell shows that it may invade the host cell as well from the lumen of the intestine as from the adjoining cells.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die bisher in ihren cytologischen Einzelheiten unbekannten Vorgänge während der multiplen Zellteilung der Telosporidien wurden bei den beiden Coccidien E. perforans und E. stiedae elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Ein Vergleich der Schizonten von E. perforans und E. stiedae zeigte, daß beide in den entsprechenden Stadien in ihrer Feinstruktur vollkommen übereinstimmen. Unterschiede bestehen lediglich in der äußeren Form, da E. stiedae mehr kugelig bis ovoid, E. perforans dagegen langgestreckter erscheint (etwa 6 μ breit und über 20 μ lang). Charakteristisch für E. stiedae ist das Auftreten zweier Schizontentypen: einer großen Form, von fast 25 μ im Durchmesser, die vorwiegend zu Beginn der Infektion erscheint, und einer kleinen von etwa 8–10 μ Größe. Die Kerne liegen bei der Merozoitenausbildung im gesamten Cytoplasma des Schizonten verteilt, so daß damit eine besonders starke Ausnutzung des vorhandenen Cytoplasmas erfolgt und nur ein ganz geringer Restkörper zurückbleibt, im Gegensatz zur Mikrogamogonie, bei der ein umfangreicher Restkörper auftritt. Wie die elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen zeigen, bildet sich bei der Merozoitenentwicklung das endoplasmatische Reticulum im Schizonten in Form von deutlichen Spalträumen aus, die zunächst für eine Abgrenzung der Merozoiten sorgen, dann aber direkt zur Abtrennung der einzelnen kernhaltigen Cytoplasmabezirke führen. Der als Schizogonie bezeichnete Vorgang besteht also in einer echten simultanen Abspaltung von Tochterzellen. Die räumliche Beziehung zwischen dem Parasiten und seinem Wirtszellkern ist sehr eng, da zwischen beiden nur ein schmales Cytoplasmaband erhalten bleibt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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