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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 41-44 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoclopramide ; high-dose ; bioavailability ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The oral bioavailability of high-dose metoclopramide was studied in 12 patients, who received oral or intravenous (i.v.) metoclopramide in random order with each of 2 consecutive courses of cytotoxic chemotherapy. The terminal half-life of metoclopramide was 7.1±0.4 h (mean±SEM) and was not affected by the route of drug administration. Mean bioavailability was 86.6±4.7% and the range (65–118%) was less than that reported for standard doses. Neither half-life nor bioavailability was significantly correlated with age. Adverse effects were mild and were similar for both oral and iv metoclopramide. Oral high-dose metoclopramide, given in the same doses as for i.v. administration, should therefore be as effective as the i.v. regimen and may be easier to administer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoclopramide ; cancer chemotherapy ; high-dose ; emesis ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have carried out a randomized, double-blind trial to investigate the relationship between the dose and plasma concentration of metoclopramide and its anti-emetic efficacy and adverse effects in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Seventeen patients received four different infusion regimens of high-dose metoclopramide in random order with four consecutive courses of chemotherapy, to achieve an approximately eight-fold range in plasma metoclopramide concentrations. In patients receiving cisplatin the incidence of vomiting decreased with increasing metoclopramide dose, but the overall efficacy was poor. There was no relationship between anti-emetic efficacy and either dose or plasma concentration of metoclopramide in patients receiving cyclophospamide and doxorubicin. The adverse effects of high-dose metoclopramide included diarrhoea, which increased in incidence with increasing metoclopramide dose, and sedation and extrapyramidal reactions, which were not related to dose or plasma concentration. Although anti-emetic efficacy increases with increasing metoclopramide dose in patients receiving cisplatin, high-dose metoclopramide alone does not adequately control cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: digoxin ; spironolactone ; immunoassay ; cross-reactivity ; therapeutic monitoring ; assay inaccuracy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of renal and/or hepatic dysfunction, and of concomitant spironolactone therapy, on seven commercial digoxin assays was evaluated in 45 patients taking both these drugs, and a comparison made with the digoxin concentrations measured using the same assays in 30 patients taking digoxin in the absence of spironolactone. The study showed that increasing renal dysfunction resulted in increasing inaccuracy in assay results with the methods tested. The influence of concomitant spironolactone was to produce a further distortion, which was shown to be additive in patients with impaired renal and/or liver function. The results highlight the unresolved specificity problems which persist in many, if not all, of the immunoassays currently offered to clinical laboratories which, if not recognised, could significantly influence digoxin therapy and patient management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 200 (1963), S. 813-814 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Opfell5 has described a non-parametric test to discover any defects in the experimental technique. Such non-parametric tests (though usually less precise than parametric ones) are useful, but Opfell appears to have misunderstood the principles of our test when he justifies the need for his ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 23 (1985), S. 99-100 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Multiplexer ; Time share
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Particle counting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Description d'un dispositif électronique d'optique pour le comptage rapide des particules suspendues de 15 à 1 000 μm de diamètre. Le dispositif est utilisé pour compter et mesurer des colonies de cellules, cultivées dans la gélose et concentrées à raison de 5 à 3 000 par millimètre. La répartition de volume de ces particules est étudiée grâce à un analyseur de la hauteur du pouls. Au plus bas degré de sa sensibilité, le dispositif est capable de compter de grandes cellules individuelles. Le dispositif de comptage se compose de: (i) un système hydraulique forçant l'écoulement des particules vers le centre du débit d'eau centrifugée, (ii) un système optique permettant de compter les colonies par interruption d'un rayon lumineux, (iii) un système de comptage électronique donnant la quantité de pulsations produites par l'intensité lumineuse. Outre son usage en laboratoires de biologie, le dispositif promet également d'être utile dans d'autres domaines, tels que l'étude de la qualité de l'eau dans l'environnement, et le contrôle de densité des particules dans les traitements industriels.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine optisch-elektronische Zählvorrichtung zum schnellen Zählen von Schwebetelichen mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 15 und 1000 μm beschrieben. Die Vorrichtung wurde zur Zählung und Volumenbestimmung von in Agar gezogenen Zellkolonien mit Konzentrationen zwischen 5 und 3000 pro Milliliter eingesetzt. Die Volumenverteilung dieser Teilchen wurde mit beteilchen mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 15 und 1000 μm beschrieben. Die Vorrichtung wurde einem Impulshohenanalysator festgestellt. Im unteren Empfindlichkeitsbereich kann die Vorrichtung zur Zahlung gro ßer Einzelzellen verwendet werden. Die Zahlvorrichtung besteht aus: (i) einem Hydrauliksystem, das den Teilchenstrom auf den zentralen Kern eines zylindrischen Wasserstroms beschrankt; (ii) einem wahlweisen Sywtes, mit dem sich Kolonien durch Unterbrechung eines Lichtleistung bewirkten elektronischen Impulse in quantitative Angaben umwandelt. Neben der Verwendung in Biologielabors sind weitere potientielle Anwendengen fur das Gerat im Bereich der Wasseruntersuchung im Rahmen des Umweltschutzes und bei der Kontrolle der Teilchenkonzentration in Industrieverfahren gegeben.
    Notes: Abstract An optical-electronic counting device for the rapid counting of suspended particles from 15 to 1000 μm in diameter is described. The device was used to count and size cell colonies, grown in agar, in concentrations ranging from 5 to 3000 per millilitre. The volume distribution of these particles was studied with a pulse-height analyser. At its lower range of sensitivity, the device is able to count large single cells. The counting device is composed of the following: (i) a hydraulic system, constraining the flow of particles to the central core of a region of cylindrical water flow, (ii) an optical system which allows colonies to be counted by interrupting a light beam, (iii) an electronic counting device quantitating the electronic pulses generated by the light output. Besides applications in the biological laboratory, the device is also potentially useful in areas such as the study of water quality in the environment, and the monitoring of particulate densities in industrial processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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