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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Mechanismus der Blutkörperchensenkung. XVI. Mitteilung: Hemmung der Senkungswirkung von Fibrinogen durch Fibrinogenuntereinheiten (1971)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 23 (1971), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The intramolecular disulfide bonds of bovine fibrinogen were cleaved by sulphitolysis in 8 M urea in order to dissociate the protein into its single peptide chains. The reaction mixture obtained, unlike fibrinogen, was unable to promote the sedimentation rate of an erythrocyte suspension. Besides this, it inhibited the effect of fibrinogen on the sedimentation rate. It was assumed that the fibrinogen sub-units may combine monovalently with the erythrocyte surface. By this means binding sites may be blocked but agglomeration will not take place. When separated chromatographically all three subunits of fibrinogen showed this inhibition effect. The β(B)-chains were most active, the α(A)-and γ-chains were of equal effect.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die intramolekularen Disulfidbindungen von Rinderfibrinogen wurden durch Sulfitolyse in 8 M-Harnstoff gespalten und dadurch das Protein in seine Peptidketten zerlegt. Das erhaltene Reaktionsgemisch beschleunigt zum Unterschied von Fibrinogen die Senkung einer Erythrozytensuspension nicht. Es hemmt aber die beschleunigende Wirkung von Fibrinogen auf die Senkung. Dies wird damit erklärt, daß die Fibrinogenuntereinheiten monovalent mit den Erythrozytenoberflächen reagieren, wobei sie Haftstellen besetzen, ohne jedoch eine Agglomeration der Erythrozyten herbeizuführen. Jede der drei Peptidketten des Fibrinogens besitzt diese Hemmwirkung, am stärksten die β(B)-Kette, etwa gleich stark die α(A)-und die γ-Kette.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01632283
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penetration and removal of horseradish peroxidase injected into the cerebrospinal fluid: Role of cerebral perivascular spaces, endothelium and microglia (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 299-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Virchow-Robin Spaces ; Brain-Blood Barrier ; Microglia ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Light- and Electron-Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in hypothalamic and cortical brain tissues was studied at different time intervals after injection into the lateral ventricle of adult Wistar rats. A preferential penetration of the tracer was found along the perivascular spaces of blood vessels. Their importance for the exchange between CSF and extracellular space of the brain is discussed. It is suggested that the preferential penetration route extends beyond the range of the Virchow-Robin space down to the level of the capillaries. Although the intercellular clefts between endothelial cells are sealed by tight junctions there is a retrograde vesicular transport of the tracer to the blood stream which contributes to the removal of HRP from the brain tissue. This indicates that in this case one has to distinguish between a blood-brain barrier and a brain-blood barrier. One of the main factors in the removal and degradation of the foreign protein is shown to be the perivascular microglia the identity of which is readily established by comparing its appearance in the light and electron microscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690695
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monolithic bridge-on-diaphragm structure for pressure sensor applications (1995)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 1 (1995), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Monolithically clamped bridge-on-diaphragm (BOD) structures for pressure sensor applications were fabricated by means of Nd: YAG-laser micromachining and anisotropic KOH-etching techniques. The pressure/frequency-dependence of the BOD structures was measured by acoustical resonance excitation and optical detection of the microbridge and applying an external pressure between-0.8 bar and+1 bar to the diaphragm. In this vacuum/atmospheric pressure range the pressure/frequency-characteristic is quite linear with a sensitivity of about 4.5 kHz/bar and a fundamental bridge resonance frequency of 82 kHz. Extensive finite-element modelling has been carried out to optimize the geometrical dimensions of the BOD structures with respect to maximum sensitivity and pressure range. Using the same BOD structure layout it is possible to realize pressure sensors with applications ranging from 0.5 to 12 bar by only varying the thickness of the diaphragm. Varying the BOD structure layout to smaller dimensions the pressure sensors can be operated up to 100 bar with sensitivities of about 141 Hz/bar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371494
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vestibulo-thalamic projection to the anterior suprasylvian cortex of the cat (1981)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 44 (1981), S. 455-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat vestibular cortex ; Thalamic relay nuclei ; Vestibulo-thalamic projection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Suggestive evidence as to the site of a major thalamic relay of the vestibular projection to the anterior suprasylvian (ASS) cortex in the cat has been obtained using the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. The thalamo-cortical neurons are located in several patches surrounding the posterior margins of the ventro-basal complex (VB). This area also was found to receive vestibulo-thalamic projections. It comprises different nuclear groups known to carry somatic, accoustic, visual or combined information, which possibly have certain functions related to kinaesthesia and body orientation in common.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238841
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double labelling of retinofugal projections in the cat: A study using anterograde transport of 3H-proline and horseradish peroxidase (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 53 (1984), S. 420-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Anterograde transport ; Double labelling ; HRP ; 3H-Proline ; Cat's retinal projections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new method is described for combining 3H-proline and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as anterograde neuronal tracers. By this method the presence of both substances can be demonstrated in the same histological section. We developed this method to investigate the retinofugal projections from the two eyes in the cat. One eye was injected with 3H-proline the other with HRP. Cryostat sections of the brain were mounted on emulsion coated slides in the dark. Sections were first exposed to the emulsion for 2–3 weeks at −40° C and developed for autoradiography. Only then they were reacted for HRP-activity with tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Keeping to this sequence autoradiographic procedures could not abolish the HRP-reaction product and silver grains and TMB can be visualized on the same slide. The wellknown projection pattern in the lateral geniculate nuclei was confirmed as a control for the new method. In the superior colliculus and in the pretectum a clear overlap of retinal terminals from the two eyes could be demonstrated for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238172
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Mikrokatheterisierung des rechten Herzens im Kindesalter (1970)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 108 (1970), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Congenital Heart Diseases ; Flow-guided Catheterization ; Micro-heartcatheterization ; Heart-diagnostic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wird die Methode zur Mikrokatheterisierung des rechten Herzens und der Pulmonalarterie ohne Röntgenkontrolle nach Grandjean beschrieben. 2. Voruntersuchungen galten der Feststellung der Fehlerbreite der Methode und der Erkennung von technischen Schwierigkeiten besonders im Kindesalter. 3. Beispiele zeigen die praktische Anwendung der Methode im Kindesalter. 4. Die Grenzen der Methode — vor allem Schwierigkeiten bei der Einführung des Mikrokatheters — sowie Komplikationen und Gefahren der Mikro-HK werden angegeben. Extrasystolen, z. T. salvenförmig, sind regelmäßig zu beobachten, auch gefährlichere Herzrhythmusstörungen können auftreten. Dreimal kam es zu Schlingen-und Knotenbildung des Mikrokatheters. 5. Die bisher erarbeiteten Indikationen und Kontraindikationen der Mikro-HK im Kindesalter werden formuliert. Die Methode eignet sich nicht zur präoperativen Diagnostik von Angiokardiopathien. Sie kann die übliche Herzkatheterisierung ergänzen; sie ist ausgezeichnet geeignet für Verlaufskontrollen und Nachuntersuchungen prä- und postoperativer Fälle. Den größten Vorteil stellt die ambulante Durchführbarkeit der Untersuchung dar.
    Notes: Abstract 1. A description of the technique of the self-guiding catheter (miniature catheter) of the right heart and the pulmonary artery without X-ray visualisation according to Grandjean is presented. 2. Preliminary tests were carried out to estimate the range of error of the method, and to determine technical difficulties, particularly those that arise in infants and children. 3. Examples are given which demonstrate the practical application of the technique in infants and children. 4. The limitations of the method, especially the difficulties that risea in introducing the self-guiding catheter, as well as the complications and dangers of the self-guiding catheterization technique of the heart are mentioned. Extrasystoles which sometimes occur in rapid succestion were regularly encountered, as well as even more dangerous disturbances of the cardiac rate. In three cases a loop and knot formation of the miniature catheter was observed. 5. Indications and contraindications of the self-guiding cardiac catheterization technique are discussed. The method is not suitable for the pretive diagnosis-opera of angiocardiopathies. It can supplement the usual cardiac catheterization; it is excellently suitable for controlling the course, and checking up pre- and post-operative cases. The greatest advantage of the method is that it can be used in out-patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447034
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Praktischer Einsatz eines Mikrooxymeters zur Bestimmung der capillären Sauerstoffsättigung in der pädiatrischen Kardiologie und Intensivpflege (1972)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 111 (1972), S. 278-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Oxygen Saturation ; Capillary Blood Method ; Newborns ; Congenital Heart Diseases ; Intensive Care
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach Klärung der methodisch-technischen Voraussetzungen wurde das Mikrooxymeter OSM 1 der Fa. Radiometer, Copenhagen, zur Bestimmung der capillären O2-Sättigung im klinischen Routinebetrieb eingesetzt. 1. Untersuchungen an 10 normalen Neugeborenen in den ersten 4 Lebenstagen zeigten eine anfängliche Hypoxämie von 86,4% O2-Sättigung im Mittel, die dann bis auf 93,1% O2-Sättigung am 4. Lebenstag anstieg. Diese Feststellungen sind bei der Beurteilung von O2-Sättigungswerten bei Neugeborenen zu berücksichtigen. 2. Untersuchungen über die Effektivität von 3 verschiedenen O2-Darreichungs-formen ergaben den geringsten Anstieg der capillären O2-Sättigung bei der O2-Verabfolgung mittels eines Plastiktrichters unmittelbar vor Mund und Nase des Säuglings; im Sauerstoffzelt (vor allem bei Zufuhr größerer O2-Mengen) und bei der Verwendung einer dicht schließenden Plexiglashaube war der Effekt auf die capilläre O2-Sättigung günstiger. 3. Auch bei Kindern mit cyanotischen angeborenen Herzfehlern konnte unter O2-Atmung ein Anstieg der capillären O2-Sättigung nachgewiesen werden, eine Resthypoxämie gegenüber der normalen O2-Sättigung von 96% bleibt bestehen. Gegen einen „Sauerstoffversuch” zur Unterscheidung zwischen kardialer und pulmonaler Cyanose müssen schwere Bedenken angemeldet werden. 4. An einigen Beispielen wird der praktische Einsatz des Gerätes und die Bedeutung für die pädiatrische Kardiologie und Intensivpflege dargestellt und erläutert.
    Notes: Abstract After establishing the methodical and technical prerequisites, the microoxymeter OSM 1 (Radiometer, Copenhagen) was used to determine the capillary O2-saturation in routine clinical practice. 1. Studies on 10 normal neonates in the first 4 days of life showed an initial hypoxia of an average O2-saturation of 86.3% which then rose to 93.1% on the 4th day of life. This observation has to be taken into consideration when judging the O2-saturation values of neonates. 2. Studies in the effectiveness of the three different ways of O2-administration showed that the lowest rise of capillary O2-saturation occured when O2 was administered by means of a plastic funnel placed in front of the mouth and nose of the infant; in the O2 tent (above all by administering large quantities of O2) and by the use of tightly closing plexiglass hoods the effect on the capillary O2-saturation was found to be favourable. 3. Even children with cyanotic congenital heart diseases demonstrated a rise of the capillary O2-saturation after the breathing of O2. A residual hypoxia remains, irrespective of the normal O2-saturation of 96%. The use of an “oxygen test” for the differentiation of cardiac and pulmonary cyanosis cannot be sanctioned. 4. The practical use of the apparatus and its importance in paediatric cardiology and intensive care is described and discussed with a few examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00438595
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kardiologische Untersuchungen bei Kindern mit Pudenz-Heyer-Drainagen wegen Hydrocephalus (1967)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 100 (1967), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 20 children who are treated with a ventriculo-auriculo-shunt because of hydrocephalus were examined and cardiologically controlled. Electrocardiograms, taken before and after the operation were compared, and exactly investigated. Chest plates, CBCs and Serumelectrophoreses were performed and interpreted. Contrary to reports in the literature, none of our patients showed any signs of postoperative cardio-vascular inflammation or pulmonary hypertension. The results are compared with those in the anglo-american literature. Regular postoperative cardiological check-ups are recommended in every 6 months.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden bei 20 Kindern mit ventriculo-auriculären Shunt-Operationen wegen Hydrocephalus kardiologische Verlaufsuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Dabei wurde eine subtile Auswertung der EKG-Befunde nach der Operation — z. T. im Vergleich mit den Befunden vor der Operation — vorgenommen, darüber hinaus auch Röntgen-, Blutbild- und Serumelektrophoresekontrollen angestellt. In keinem unserer Fälle ergaben sich Anhaltspunkte für postoperative entzündliche Herzerkrankungen oder pulmonale Hypertension, wie sie aus der Literatur bekannt sind. Die Ergebnisse werden mit der vorwiegend anglo-amerikanischen Literatur verglichen. Es wird auf die Notwendigkeit von kardiologischen Verlaufskontrollen nach Hydrocephalus-Operationen ausdrücklich hingewiesen, wobei derartige Nachuntersuchungen in halbjährlichen Abständen gefordert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00522823
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-eruptive varicella encephalitis: case report and review of the literature (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 157 (1998), S. 814-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Varicella infection ; Neurology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Varicella-related neurological complications usually appear after the rash. Pre-eruptive neurological complications of primary varicella zoster virus infections have been rarely described. We report on a 5.5-year-old boy who developed encephalitis 4 days before the onset of a mild vesicular skin rash and 5 days after known exposure. Primary varicella zoster virus infection was confirmed serologically. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed temporary inflammatory oedema in the right cerebellar peduncle. Conclusion Neurological complications of varicella may appear up to 2.5 weeks before the onset of the exanthema. Physicians treating patients with ataxia or encephalitis should inquire about exposure to varicella zoster virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050942
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analyses des livres (1971)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 25 (1971), S. 125-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01808869
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