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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Memoriam Robert Day Allen (1927–1986) (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 483 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb34484.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescently labelled molecules as probes of the structure and function of living cells (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 284 (1980), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A new approach to cell biology has been created by combining the techniques of micromanipulation of cells, fluorescence spectroscopy and low level light detection. These methods are now being used to study the spatial and temporal distribution, interaction and activity of specific molecules in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/284405a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of axial resolution in fluorescence microscopy by standing-wave excitation (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 366 (1993), S. 44-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Three-dimensional imaging in a microscope requires both high transverse and axial resolution. The well-known Rayleigh formula sets transverse resolution at 0.2 um by direct imaging. In contrast, axial resolution of compact object features in fluorescence optical sectioning microscopy (FOSM) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/366044a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Traction forces of cytokinesis measured with optically modified elastic substrata (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 385 (1997), S. 450-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Figure 1 Fabrication and calibration of silicone sheets, a, Structure and absorbance spectrum of the silicone fluid, b, Stiffness of silicone substrata as a function of ultraviolet irradiation. Points indicate mean ± s.e.m.; number of wrinkles is given in parentheses. Calibration images were ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385450a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of elevated free calcium and calmodulin activation in living cells (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 359 (1992), S. 736-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We investigated two cellular events to test prevailing hypotheses, derived from solution biochemistry11'12, concerning calmodulin's role in calcium-linked activation of cell functions. First, we correlated calcium transients and MeroCaM activation during serum stimulation of quiescent cells to test ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/359736a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streamlining the Drug Discovery Process by Integrating Miniaturization, High Throughput Screening, High Content Screening, and Automation on the CellChip™ System (1999)
    Springer
    Biomedical microdevices 2 (1999), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Keywords: drug discovery ; CellChip ; high content screening ; fluorescence ; patterning ; sensors ; microarrays ; bioinformatics ; tissue engineering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A major bottleneck to the early stages of drug discovery is the absence of integration of high throughput screening (HTS) with smarter assays that screen “hits” from HTS to identify leads (High content screening, HCS). We propose a solution using novel fluorescent engineered protein biosensors integrated into a miniaturized live-cell-based screening platform (CellChip™ System) that markedly shortens the early drug discovery process. Microarrays of selectively localized living cells, containing engineered fluorescent biosensors, serve to integrate HTS and HCS onto a single platform. HTS “hits” are identified using one biosensor while reading the whole chip array of cells. The high-biological content information is then obtained from probing target activity at inter-cellular, sub-cellular and molecular levels in the “hit” wells. HCS assays yield temporal-spatial dynamic maps of the drug-target interaction within each living cell. We predict that a new platform incorporating HTS and HCS assays that are automated, miniaturized, and information-rich will dramatically improve the decision making process in the pharmaceutical industry and optimize lead compounds during the early part of the drug discovery process. There is an opportunity to establish a new paradigm for drug discovery based on integration of fluorescence technology, micropatterning of living cells, automated optical detection and data analysis, and a new generation of knowledge building bioinformatics approaches. The technology will have an expansive impact spanning the fields of drug discovery, biomedical research, environmental monitoring, life sciences, and clinical diagnostics. The integrated CellChip™ Platform with miniaturized tissue-specific microarrayed cells capable of providing inter-cellular and sub-cellular spatio-temporal information in response to drug-cell, toxin-cell, or pathogen-cell interactions will serve to enhance the decision making process in drug discovery, toxicology, and clinical diagnostics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009993519771
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A calcium- and pH-regulated actin binding protein from D. discoideum (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 287-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin-binding protein ; Dictyostelium ; cytoskeleton ; amoeboid movement ; calcium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A protein from Dictyostelium discoideum with an apparent subunit molecular weight of 95,000 daltons (95K protein) was previously identified as an actin-binding protein ‘Hellewell and Taylor, 1979’. In this paper, we present a method for purifying the protein, and characterize some important aspects of its structure and function. Purification of the 95K protein is achieved by fractionation with ammonium sulfate followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, gel filtration on 6% agarose, and final purification on hydroxyapatite. The 95K protein is a dimer, composed of apparently identical subunits. It is a rod-shaped molecule, 38 nm in length, with a Stokes radius of 74 Å. In these structural properties, the 95K protein is similar to muscle and nonmuscle α-actinins. The 95K protein and filamin are equally competent, when compared on a weight basis, to enhance the apparent viscosity of actin as determined by falling ball viscometry. The apparent viscosity of mixtures of the 95K protein and actin is dramatically reduced at pH greater than 7.0 or free ‘Ca2+’ greater than 10-7 M. We also examine the mechanism by which calcium regulates the interaction of the 95K protein and actin. A change in free ‘Ca2+’ induces no detectable change in the quaternary structure of the 95K protein. Our experiments indicate that the 95K protein does not dramatically alter the length distribution of actin filaments in the presence of micromolar free ‘Ca2+’. A large fraction of the 95K protein cosediments with actin in the presence of low free ‘Ca2+’ (ca. 3 × 10-8M), but not in the presence of high free ‘Ca2+’ (ca. 4 × 10-6M). We conclude that increased free ‘Ca2+’ inhibits gelation of actin by the 95K protein by reducing the affinity of the 95K protein for actin. We propose that 95K protein is an important component of the cytoskeletal/contractile system in D. discoideum amoebae.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970020308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Centripetal transport of cytoplasm, actin, and the cell surface in lamellipodia of fibroblasts (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 11 (1988), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: video-enhanced contrast microscopy ; transverse fibers ; transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Wound healing in Swiss 3T3 cultures was investigated with video-enhanced contrast (VEC) microscopy. The formation of protrusions at the leading edge of cells along wounds was investigated in detail during the spreading stage, which usually lasted from 1 to 4 hr postwounding. Lamellipodia exhibited a continuous rearward, or centripetal, transport of a variety of cellular constituents at rates of ∼0.26 μm/sec from the leading edge. The lamellipodia were also the sites of lateral migration as well as extension and retraction of actin microspikes. Actin fibers oriented transversely to the direction of movement were also observed to transport centripetally at similar rates. These fibers may in part give rise to large actin fibers forming at the interface between the base of the lamellipodia and the lamellae. Beads 0.5 μm in diameter attached to the dorsal surfaces of lamellipodia also transported centripetally at rates of ∼0.21 μm/sec. Thus there is an apparent correlation between transport of a variety of structures within lamellipodia and with surface movements of lamellipodia.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970110403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated distribution of actin, myosin, and microtubules at the leading edge of migrating swiss 3T3 fibroblasts (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 527-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: immunofluorescence ; video-enhanced contrast microscopy ; protrusions ; lamellipodia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The formation of lamellipodia in migrating cells involves dynamic processes that occur in a cyclic manner as the leading edge of a cell slowly advances. We used video-enhanced contrast microscopy (VEC) to monitor the motile behavior of cells to classify protrusions into the temporal stages of initial and established protrusions (Fisher et al.: Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 11:235-247, 1988), and to monitor the fixation of cells. Multiple parameter fluorescence imaging methods (DeBiasio et al.: Journal of Cell Biology 105:1613-1622, 1987; Waggoner et al.: Methods in Cell Biology, Vol. 30, Part B, pp. 449-478, 1989) were then used to determine and to map accurately the distributions of actin, myosin and microtubules in specific types of protrusions. Initial protrustions exhibited no substructure as evidenced by VEC and actin was diffusely arranged, while myosin and microtubules were absent. Newly established protrusions contained diffuse actin as well as actin in microspikes. There was a delay in the appearance of myosin into established protrusions relative to the presence of actin. Microtubules were found in established protrusions after myosin was detected, and they were oriented parallel to the direction of migration. Actin and myosin were also localized in fibers transverse to the direction of migration at the base of initial and established protrusions. Image analysis was used to quantify the orientation of actin fibers relative to the leading edge of motile cells. The combined use of VEC, multiple parameter immunofluorescence, and image analysis should have a major impact on defining complex relationships within cells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140410
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actin-binding proteins regulate the work performed by myosin II motors on single actin filaments (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 22 (1992), S. 274-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: motility assay ; gelation ; solation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Regulation of actin/myosin II force generation by calcium [Kamm and Stull, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 51:299-313, 1989] and phosphorylation of myosin II light chains [Sellers and Adelstein, “The Enzymes,” Vol. 18, Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1987, pp. 381-418] is well established. However, additional regulation of actin/myosin II force generation/contraction may result from actin-binding proteins [Stossel et al., Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 1:353-402, 1985; Pollard and Cooper, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 55:987-1035, 1986] as they affect the gel state of the actin cytomatrix [reviewed in Taylor and Condeelis, Int. Rev. Cytol., 56:57-143, 1979]. Regulation of the gel state of actin may determine whether an isotonic or isometric contraction results from the interaction between myosin and actin. We have extended the single actin filament motility assay of Kron and Spudich [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83:6272-6276, 1986] by including filamin or α-actinin on the substrate with myosin II to examine how actin-crosslinking proteins regulate the movements of single actin filaments. Increasing amounts of actin-crosslinking proteins inhibit filament velocity and decrease the number of filaments moving. Reversal of crosslinking yields increased velocities and numbers of moving filaments. These results support the solation-contraction coupling hypothesis [see Taylor and Fechheimer, Phil. Trans. Soc. London B 299:185-197, 1982] which proposes that increased crosslinking of actin inhibits myosin-based contraction. This study also illustrates the potentially varied roles of different actin-crosslinking proteins and offers a novel method to examine actin-binding protein activity and their regulation of motility at the single molecule level. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970220407
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