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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eight spring barley accessions from the gene bank in Gatersleben, Germany, and 10 cultivars were tested for stripe rust resistance. Tests were performed at the seedling stage in the growth chamber and as adult plants in the field. All accessions and six cultivars were scored as resistant against race 24 under all test conditions, with very few plants as exceptions, while the susceptible control cultivars ‘Karat’ and ‘Certina’, and four other cultivars were attacked in all cases. Differences between accessions and between cultivars were detected after infection with isolates from ‘Trumpf’ and ‘Bigo’ (seedling tests only). Infection structures within seedling leaves without pustules and for the first time within leaves of adult plants from the field were analysed by fluorescence microscopy. With this method additional genetic Differences in the resistance reaction could be detected which could not to be seen in the resistance test. Crosses between the accessions and the susceptible cultivar ‘Karat’ led to segregating F2 progenies. The percentage of resistant plants varied between the accessions. This also indicates a different genetic basis of resistance in the accessions. The infection structures observed by fluorescence microscopy stopped earlier in leaves of the two accessions HOR 8979 and HOR 8991 than in leaves of other accessions in all the tests. These accessions were the only ones with more than 50% resistant plants in all F2 tests. In general, the accessions from the gene bank can be used as new resistance sources against stripe rust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Many economically important traits are inherited quantitatively and are analysed by breeders in replicated field trials. If dense maps are available, chromosomal regions containing quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be identified and this opens up the possibility of preselecting for quantitative traits in the laboratory. In this study, QTL analysis for yield and yield components in sugar beet is used in two different populations tested in several environments in both populations, QTL were detected for all traits investigated, and their predictive value in breeding schemes was analysed by correlating predicted with observed values. Tolerance to Rhizomania, caused by a gene on chromosome 3, was the main source of genotype-environment interaction in one population, allowing selection on a QTL basis within macro-environments with or without Rhizomania infestation, respectively. No clear results were found for the second population tested in environments with and with-out Cercospora infestation. Consequences for breeding strategies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The resistance of 12 apricot cultivars to the Dideron type Spanish isolate RB3.30 of plum pox potyvirus was evaluated in controlled conditions in an insect-proof greenhouse. The results of the evaluation demonstrated the resistance of the cultivars ‘Stella’, ‘Stark Early Orange’, ‘Goldrich’, ‘Harcot’, ‘NJA2’, ‘Pandora’ and ‘Avilara’ to the isolate, and the susceptibility of the cultivars ‘A1453’, ‘Bulida’,‘Currot’, ‘Real Fino’ and ‘Canino’
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In sugar beet breeding, sugar yield is mainly influenced by root yield and sugar content. In this short communication several indices to select for both traits simultaneously are compared in order to find the best one. The indices are correlated with the base index of Williams (1962) from independent experiments. The indices differ in the amount of information necessary for the calculation of their weights. Three different series of each eight sites gave similar results. The optimum index using all information from phenotypic and genotypic variances and covariances, did not perform best. Sugar content with its higher herit ability must have a larger weight than root yield. Heritabilities as index weights performed best, but two other indices using heritabilities and phenotypic but no genetic covariances also performed well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7671-7678 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Disorder accumulation and annealing behavior on the Ga sublattice in gallium nitride (GaN) implanted with 1.0 MeV Au2+ (60° off surface normal) at 180 or 300 K have been studied using in situ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in a 〈0001〉-channeling geometry. Complete amorphization in GaN is attained at 6.0 and 20 Au2+/nm2 for irradiation at 180 and 300 K, respectively. A saturation in the Ga disorder at and behind the damage peak was observed at intermediate ion fluences at both 180 and 300 K. No measurable thermal recovery was found at 300 K for the full range of damage produced at 180 K. However, distinct epitaxial regrowth in the bulk and Ga reordering at surface occurred after annealing at 870 K. The implanted Au readily diffuses into the highly damaged regions at elevated temperatures, and the redistribution of the Au atoms in the implanted GaN varies with the damage profiles. A double-peak Au profile developed with the maxima located in the amorphous surface region and near the Au mean projected range. The result is interpreted as Au atom diffusion into the amorphous regime near the surface and Au trapping at irradiation-induced defects in the crystal structure. This trapping effect is also evidenced in this study by the suppressed recovery of the Au-decorated disorder in GaN. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 843-848 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Intrakranielle Aneurysmen ; Endovaskuläre Behandlung ; Stent ; Coilokklusion ; Iatrogene Dissektion ; Spontane Dissektion ; Keywords Intracranial aneurysm ; Endovascular treatment ; Stent ; Coil occlusion ; Iatrogenic dissection ; Spontaneous dissection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In aneurysms with a neck:dome ratio of 1:2 or more or with a wide neck, endovascular treatment is less effective. In this situation, the rate of thrombotic and thromboembolic complications is increased. Recently available highly flexible balloon expandible coronary stents improved the technique of endovascular aneurysm treatment. Two patients with wide neck midbasilar aneurysms were successfully treated endovascularly using a combination of stent deployment into the basilar artery and coil occlusion of the aneurysm. The creation of an artificial boundary between a side wall aneurysm and the parent artery by stent deployment improves the conditions for subsequent coil occlusion of the aneurysm. If, after detachment, coils protrude from the lumen of a side wall aneurysm into the parent vessel, stenting of this vessel can prevent thrombotic and thromboembolic complications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die endovaskuläre Behandlung intrakranieller Aneurysmen durch die Okklusion des Aneurysmalumens mit elektrolytisch ablösbaren Platinmikrospiralen ist erschwert, wenn der Halsabschnitt des Aneurysmas ebenso breit oder weiter als der Aneurysmafundus ist. Bei solchen Aneurysmen ist die Rate thrombembolischer Komplikationen erhöht und die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer dauerhaften Okklusion des Aneurysmas reduziert. Durch die Entwicklung hochflexibler ballonexpandierbarer Koronarstents wurde die Technik der endovaskulären Aneurysmabehandlung modifiziert. Zwei Patienten mit breitbasigen Aneurysmen der mittleren A. basilaris wurden durch kombinierte Stentimplantation in die A. basilaris und Coilokklusion des Aneurysmas behandelt. Die Schaffung einer künstlichen Grenzfläche zwischen Aneurysmalumen und aneurysmatragendem Gefäß durch Stentimplantation verbessert die Bedingungen für die nachfolgende Coilokklusion. Bei Vorwölbung von Schlingen der Platinspiralen in das Gefäßlumen, kann die nachträgliche Überbrückung des Aneurysmahalses durch einen Stent die Thrombosierung des aneurysmatragenden Gefäßes und die Entstehung von distalen Thrombembolien verhindern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 995-999 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Intrazerebrales Hämatom ; Chronisch eingekapseltes intrazerebrales Hämatom ; Intrakranielle Blutung ; Zerebrale vaskuläre Malformation ; Kavernom ; Keywords Intracerebral hematoma ; Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma ; Intracranial hemorrhage ; Cerebral vascular malformation ; Cavernoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The purpose of this case report is to describe chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma (CEIH), a rare and not fully understood brain lesion. The differentiation from chronic cerebral hematoma, cerebral abscess, and intra-axial tumor is based on clinical and imaging criteria. The diagnosis is confirmed by histological analysis. In the English medical literature, we found 39 patients reported with this lesion. The key feature is the formation of a capsule between a hematoma and cerebral parenchyma. The reasons for this formation are not known. In our patient, an arteriovenous malformation was located outside but adjacent to the CEIH.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die seltene Erkrankung des chronisch eingekapselten intrazerebralen Hämatoms (CEIH) zu erläutern, sie vom chronisch intrazerebralen Hämatom (CIH) klinisch und vom zerebralen Abszess und Tumor mittels der bildgebenden Diagnostik abzugrenzen und die histologischen Befunde zu definieren, die die Diagnose bestätigen. In der englischsprachigen Literatur sind 39 Patienten mit dieser Erkrankung beschrieben. Im Unterschied zu den akuten und chronischen intrazerebralen Hämatomen bildet sich beim CEIH aus unbekannten Gründen eine Kapsel. Anhand der Kasuistik einer eigenen Patientin und der vorliegenden Fallmitteilungen werden die charakteristischen Merkmale des CEIH erläutert. Die Besonderheit des eigenen Falles ist der histologische Nachweis der die Blutung verursachenden Gefäßmissbildung außerhalb der Hämatomhöhle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Capacitance measurements Endogenous ion channels Maitotoxin Nonselective cation channel Stretch-activated cation channel Xenopus laevis oocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The activation of cation channels in oocytes of Xenopus laevis by the marine poison maitotoxin (MTX) was monitored as membrane current (I m), conductance (G m) and membrane surface area determined by continuous measurements of membrane capacitance (C m). When MTX (25 pM) was added to the bathing solution there was an abrupt, large increase in inward membrane currents. Current/voltage relationships (I/V curves) were linear and suggested activation of voltage-independent nonselective cation channels (NSCC). MTX-induced Ca2+-sensitive currents were mainly carried by Na+ and were suppressed by low (0 mM) or high (40 mM) external Ca2+ concentrations and removal of Na+. Gadolinium (Gd3+, 10–500 µM) also had inhibitory effects, demonstrating the possible involvement of stretch-activated cation channels (SACC). In a high concentration (500 µM), amiloride substantially reduced the MTX-activated current while lower amiloride concentrations (50–100 µM) stimulated the current further. Continuous measurements of C m revealed that MTX induced exocytotic delivery and functional insertion of new channel proteins into the plasma membrane, indicated by a Ca2+-dependent increase in membrane surface area by around 28%. From these data we conclude that MTX activates NSCC that require relatively high concentrations of amiloride to be blocked. Furthermore, MTX possibly stimulates activation of Gd3+- and Ca2+-sensitive mechanosensitive cation channels. Stimulation of these channels is achieved by exocytotic delivery and functional insertion of new channels into the plasma membrane in a pathway that depends on the presence of extracellular Ca2+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Amiloride cAMP ENaC Epithelial sodium channel Protein kinase A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The rate of Na+ (re)absorption across tight epithelia such as in distal kidney nephron and colon is to a large extent controlled at the level of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). In kidney, antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) stimulates the expression/activity of this channel by a cAMP/protein-kinase-A- (PKA-) mediated pathway. However, a clear upregulation of ENaC function by cAMP could not be reproduced with cloned channel subunits in the Xenopus oocyte expression system, suggesting the hypothesis that an additional factor is missing. In contrast, we show here that membrane-permeant cAMP can activate ENaC expressed in Xenopus oocytes (3.8-fold) upon replacement of the rat α-subunit by a new α-subunit cloned from guinea-pig colon (gpα). This α-subunit is 76% identical with its rat orthologue originating from ADH-insensitive rat colon. The biophysical fingerprints of the hybrid ENaC formed by this guinea-pig α-subunit together with rat β- and γ-subunits are indistinguishable from those of rat ENaC (rENaC). Injection of the PKA inhibitor PKI-(6–22)-amide into the oocyte had no effect on the basal activity of rat ENaC but inhibited the activity of gpα-containing hybrid ENaC and greatly decreased its stimulation by cAMP. This suggests that, unlike for rat ENaC, tonic PKA activity is required for basal function of gpα-containing ENaC and that PKA mediates its cAMP-induced activation. This regulatory behaviour is not common to all ENaCs containing an α-subunit cloned from an ADH-responsive tissue since xENaC, which was cloned from the ADH-sensitive Xenopus laevis A6 epithelia, is, when expressed in oocytes, resistant to cAMP, similar to rat ENaC. This study demonstrates that the PKA sensitivity of ENaC can depend on the nature of the ENaC α-subunit and raises the possibility that cAMP can stimulate ENaCs by different mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Hospital controlling – Operational management – Health reform – Costs – Finances. ; Schlüsselwörter: Krankenhaus-Controlling – Management – Gesundheitsreform – Betriebswirtschaftslehre – Kosten – Finanzen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Chirurgische Kliniken können auch als betriebswirtschaftliche Systeme aufgefaßt werden. Ärzte sind an der Kosten und Leistungsbeeinflußung maßgeblich beteiligt. Zur Umsetzung steuernder Mitverantwortung sind Kenntnisse der betriebswirtschaftlichen Kosten- und Leistungskontrolle erforderlich. Deutsche Krankenhäuser erhalten keine einzelleistungsbezogene Vergütung in Form von Tarifen oder Preisen zur Deckung laufender Umsatzerlöse. Einkünfte aus der Patientenbehandlung sind planwirtschaftlich begrenzt, eine Beeinflussung der Finanzlage durch Ertragssteigerung nur bedingt durch Leistungssteigerung erzielbar. Kosten stellen somit die einzige Größe dar, die vom Management autonom beeinflußbar ist. Operatives Controlling zielt in Kliniken auf horizontale und vertikale Koordination von Abteilungen sowie dezentrale Abstimmung von Prozeßregelungen. Die Leistungsbegriffe werden jedoch im Krankenhaus unscharf definiert, ihre Messung ist problematisch. Prozeßbezogene Teilleistungen finden kaum Berücksichtigung. Hohe Anteile der Krankenhauskosten sind Fixkosten und nur durch Strukturentscheidungen beeinflußbar. Variable Kosten werden neben der Leistungsmenge stark durch die Patientenstruktur beeinflußt. Ihre Dynamik folgt ausgeprägten Zufallskomponenten. Formen industrieller Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung, wie interne Leistungsverrechnung und flexible Plankosten-Rechnung lassen sich nur bedingt auf Kliniken übertragen. Aus dieser Analyse werden übergeordnete betriebswirtschaftliche Konzepte, strategische Trends und Handlungsoptionen für das Klinikmanagement, auch unter der Perspektive zu erwartender Gesundheitsreformen abgeleitet.
    Notes: Abstract. Surgical hospitals can be seen as operational or even industrial production systems. Doctors have a major impact on both medical performance and costs. For active participation in the management process, knowledge of industrial controlling mechanisms is required. German hospitals currently receive no procedure-related financial revenues, such as prices or tariffs for defined medical treatment activities. Maximum clinical revenues are, furthermore, limited by principles of planned economy and can be increased only slightly by greater medical performance. Costs are the only target that can be autonomously influenced by the management. Operative controlling in hospitals aims at horizontal and vertical coordination of subunits and decentralisation of process regulations. Hospital medical performance is not clearly defined, its quantitative measurement very problematic. Process-orientated clinical activities are not taken into account. A high percentage of hospital costs are fixed and can be influenced only by major structural interventions in the long term. Variable costs are primarily dependent on the quantity of clinical activities, but also heavily influenced by patient structure (comorbidity and risk profile). The various forms of industrial cost calculations, such as internal budgeting, internal markets or flexible plan-cost balancing, cannot be directly applied in hospital management. Based on these analyses, current operational concepts and strategic trends are listed to describe cost-management options in hospitals with focus on the German health reforms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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