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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We successfully produced intense beams of highly charged metallic ions from various kinds of organic metallic compounds by the metal ions from volatile compounds method and solid materials in RIKEN 18 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) (e.g., 135 eμA of Fe11+, 80 eμA of Fe13+, 10 eμA of Os29+, and 1 eμA of Os37+). Using this ECRIS the ion confinement time of highly charged ions was determined under the pulsed mode operation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact storage ring has been developed for industrial research such as x-ray lithography and material analysis. This machine is of a racetrack type with two superconducting bending magnets and only two normal conducting quadrupole magnets. The circumference is as short as 9.2 m. One quadrupole magnet per cell contributes to making the smaller machine. The injector is a synchrotron, and a full energy injection of 600 MeV is performed. The bending magnets excite a field of 3.5 T, and are operated in a persistent current mode. A decrease in a coil current is ΔI/I〈3×10−3/year. The helium consumption is as low as 2 l/h for two magnets. An iron shield of the magnet decreases a leakage flux to a terrestrial level at a point 3 m from the magnet. A beam current of 380 mA has been stored with no beam instability in spite of there being no correction of the chromaticities. Beam emittances were obtained from measured beam sizes and were in good agreement with calculated values. The coupling coefficient εy/εx is calculated as around 0.04. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 4523-4531 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new type of variable-frequency radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac has been constructed as a new preinjector for the RIKEN heavy-ion linac (RILAC). The RFQ resonator, based on a folded-coaxial structure with a movable shorting plate, is compact even in a low frequency region below 20 MHz. It accelerates ions with mass-to-charge ratios of 5.3 to 26.4 in the energy range up to 450 keV per charge, by varying its resonant frequency from 17.4 to 39.0 MHz. Moreover, the power loss is small in the low frequency region; the rf power consumption in cw mode is 7 kW at 17.4 MHz, and it increases to 30 kW at 39.0 MHz at the maximum intervane voltage of 36.8 kV. We initiated this project in 1991, and installed the new preinjector consisting of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source of 18 GHz and this RFQ in 1996. Since the installation, the beam intensity has become larger by more than 1 order of magnitude than that formerly obtained with the Cockcroft–Walton preinjector. Recently, the maximum power of the beam extracted from the RILAC and that from the ring cyclotron has reached 560 W and 2 kW, respectively. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1596-1598 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Longitudinal optical (LO) phonon relaxation is investigated in a GaAs/AlGaAs triple barrier tunnel diode at strong perpendicular magnetic fields. We observe LO-phonon assisted tunneling to the ground state as well as to Landau level states. Maxima in the LO-phonon assisted tunnel peak are found each time the LO-phonon energy matches multiple of the Landau level spacing. Corresponding maxima as well as parity effects are found in the integral tunnel conductance. The results indicate enhancement of LO-phonon assisted inter Landau level transitions with increasing magnetic field. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2021-2023 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The use of anodic oxidation as a post-treatment of porous silicon has been investigated to enhance the external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence from a device based on a thin transparent indium tin oxide contact on porosified n+-type silicon. Enhancement in external quantum efficiency of three orders of magnitude has been obtained. We report here an external quantum efficiency of 0.21%. The treatment also greatly improves the stability of the device. Results can be explained by the fact that anodic oxidation considerably reduces leakage current flowing via nonconfined silicon. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Bronchial asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, notably because of eosinophils and T cells. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is known to selectively attract Th2 cells, and is increased in response to interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which share a common receptor, IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα). While corticosteroids have proven, very effective in modifying airway inflammation, the effect of corticosteroids on TARC in asthmatics has been little studied.Objective:  We examined the effects of inhaled budesonide (BUD) on the expression of TARC and the number of inflammatory cells in bronchial biopsy specimens taken from asthma patients.Methods:  Inhaled BUD 800 μg daily, or placebo was administered for 3 months in a double-blind, parallel-group study, and bronchial biopsies were performed before and after treatment. Biopsy specimens were examined by immunocytochemistry.Results:  We observed a significant decrease in the epithelial expression of TARC (P 〈 0.01) in the BUD group compared with the placebo group. This was accompanied by decreases in the number of eosinophils (P 〈 0.01), CD3+ T cells (P 〈 0.05), and CD4+ T cells (P 〈 0.01). A significant correlation was found between changes in epithelial TARC and in IL-4Rα immunoreactivity (rs = 0.66, P 〈 0.01).Conclusions:  These findings suggest that corticosteroid asthma treatment can reduce infiltration of the airway by inflammatory cells, an effect modulated by down-regulation of bronchial epithelial TARC expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background It has been suggested that mast cells and eosinophils are major effector cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. However, the interaction of these cells has not been thoroughly elucidated. We examined eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) release and cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]) in human eosinophils induced by the major mast-cell mediators including cytokines. Methods Eosinophils from healthy donors were stimulated with the major mast-cell mediators for 20 min after preincubation with cytochalasin B for 10 min. ECP in supernatants was measured by radioimmunoassay. Moreover, t o examine changes of [Ca2+]i in eosinophils, Fura-2-loaded eosinophils were monitored for fluorescence changes after stimulus addition. Results Of the tested mediators (prostaglandin [PG]D2, leukotriene (LT)B4, platelet-activating factor (PAF), histamine, LTQ, and eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis [ECF-A]), LTB4 and PAF induced ECP release from eosinophils. Any cytokines produced by human mast cells, i.e., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), did not induce ECP release in our system. ECP release triggered with LTB4 and PAF occurred at concentrations of 10−8-10−6 M concentration-dependently. LTB4 and PAF also elicited a rise in [Ca2+]i in eosinophils. Neither PGDj, histamine, nor LTC4 induced ECP release, although they increased cytosolic calcium in eosinophils. Conclusions Of mast-cell mediators, LTB4 and PAF induced eosinophil degranulation. The contribution of LTB4 and PAF from mast cells to eosinophil degranulation may be important in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Goblet cell metaplasia is a pathologic characteristic of asthma, associated with excess mucus secretion. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 plays an important role in mucus hypersecretion. Suplatast tosilate (suplatast), an antiallergic agent, is a Th2 cytokine inhibitor that suppresses the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eosinophilic airway inflammation.Objective:  We examined the effects of suplatast on mucus production in bronchial biopsy specimens taken from asthmatic subjects.Methods:  Oral suplatast 300 mg daily, or placebo was administered for 3 months in a double-blind, parallel-group study in 25 patients with asthma. Biopsy specimens were evaluated at before and after treatment for alcian blue/period acid-Schiff (AB/PAS), MUC5AC staining in bronchial epithelium and IL-4+, IL-13+ cells as well as inflammatory cells in lamina propria.Results:  There were significant decreases in the percentage of AB/PAS (P 〈 0.01) and MUC5AC (P 〈 0.01) stained area in the suplatast group. These changes were accompanied by significant decreases in IL-4+ and IL-13+ cells in suplatast-treated subjects. Additionally, we have observed that the number of infiltrating eosinophils and CD4+ T cells significantly decreased.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that suplatast prevents goblet cell metaplasia through modulation of Th2 cytokine production and the recruitment of eosinophils and CD4+ T cells in the asthmatic airways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The specific IgE antibodies to moth (Bombyx mori) and midge (Chironomus yoshimatsui) were measured by the Pharmacia CAP system in 51 house-dust-mite-sensitive asthma patients. None of these patients had definite histories of exposure to these insects or apparent evidence of insect-induced asthma symptoms. The RAST-inhibition assay was performed to investigate cross-allergenicity between these two insects. Furthermore, IgE immunoblotting was done to study the IgE-binding components in moth and midge extracts. Thirty (59%) of these patients showed positive IgE antibodies to moth, while 25 (49%) showed positive IgE antibodies to midge. Those frequencies of positivity were similar to that for Japanese cedar pollen, which is well known to cause allergy. A significant correlation (r=0.863) was observed between IgE antibody liters of these two insects. The results from the RAST-inhibition assay indicated cross-allergenicity between these insects and also the existence of species-specific allergens. Fifteen IgE-binding components in moth extract were observed. The most frequent IgE-binding protein was the 79-kDa (84.2%), followed by the 72-kDa (78.9%), the 82-kDa (57.9%), and the 76-kDa (57.9%) proteins. Those were considered to be major allergens in moth. Twenty-four IgE-binding components in midge extract were observed. However, no IgE-binding protein to which over 50% of patient sera reacted was observed. These results suggest that these two insects may be considered to bear important allergens and that there is cross-allergenicity between these insects as well as species-specific allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 137 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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