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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of HTLV-III on the macromolecular synthesis in HTLV-I carrying cell line, MT-4 (1986)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 175 (1986), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Upon infection of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-carrying human T-cell lines such as MT-4, HTLV-III, a probable etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused fast and strong cytopathic effects leading ultimately to the death of the cells. Such effects were preceded by the rapid induction of HTLV-III antigens. Cell lines not infected with HTLV-I could, however, be subcultured after infection with HTLV-III, although they were also positive for HTLV-III antigens. To understand this cytopathogenicity of HTLV-III in HTLV-I bearing cells, macromolecular synthesis, including DNA synthesis and total protein synthesis, and also IL-2 receptor expression were investigated kinetically. In infected MT-4 cells DNA synthesis was markedly inhibited by HTLV-III after the HTLV-III antigen synthesis became evident. This inhibition occurred before cell damage was detected in terms of viable cell-growth, but after induction of HTLV-III antigen. Puromycin, at 40 Μg/ml, caused no toxic changes in MT-4 cells over 3 days but prevented viral antigen synthesis and virus-induced cytopathic effect. Protein synthesis and IL-2 receptor expression were also inhibited at 4 and 5 days post infection. The degree of the effects and their kinetics suggest that they are the secondary effects of cytotoxicity by HTLV-III infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02123869
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of retinoic acid on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus in HTLV-I-positive MT-4 cells (1987)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 176 (1987), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibitory effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication upon infection was studied quantitatively using a novel bioassay system with a HTLV-I-carrying human T-cell line, MT-4. The results can be summarized as follows. (1) The appearance of HIV antigen was significantly reduced when the cells were treated with more than 1 μg/ml of the chemical after infection. When HIV specific plaque assay was performed to titrate the virus from the supernatant of culture treated with 10 μg/ml of RA no plaques were observed. (2) When RA was applied directly in the plaque assay, significant decrease of the number of plaques was discerned showing 68, 66, 47 and 16, at doses of 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 μg/ml of RA, while 102 plaques were formed in the control dish. (3) The appearance of cytopathic effects of MT-4 cells by HIV was more delayed in RA-treated cultures than in untreated cultures. (4) Concomitant treatment of the cells with 5 μg/ml of RA and various concentrations of suramin resulted in the more effective inhibition of HIV replication than suramin alone. (5) RA did not inhibit the reverse transcriptase activity (RT) of HIV directly. These data suggest that RA inhibits HIV replication by inducing an antiviral state in the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196686
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition (in vitro) of replication and of the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus by an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (1988)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 177 (1988), S. 235-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An extract of culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) was prepared. This was further fractionated by 50% ethanol precipitation and both the resulting product, E-P-LEM, and LEM were studied to evaluate their effect on the activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. The experiments were performed using either a cell-free infection system with MT-4 cells, or a cell-to-cell infection system with MOLT-4 cells, which induces multinucleated giant cells very efficiently. E-P-LEM almost completely blocked both the cytopathic effect of giant cell formation and specific antigen expression due to HIV, whereas LEM before ethanol precipitation blocked the expression of HIV antigen in MT-4 cells only at a high concentration. Pretreatment of the virus with E-P-LEM before infection blocked HIV infection in the target cells. Thus, the inhibitory effect of LEM and E-P-LEM on HIV could be due to a blocking of the initial stages of HIV infection. Moreover, reverse transcriptase activity of avian myeloblastosis virus was inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189409
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal trajectories of posterior canal-activated secondary vestibular neurons and their coactivation of extraocular and neck flexor motoneurons in the cat (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 70 (1988), S. 181-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Axonal branching ; Vestibulo-ocular ; Vestibulo-collic ; Neck motoneurons ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unit activities of 148 secondary vestibular neurons related to the posterior semicircular canal were recorded extracellularly in anesthetized cats. Axonal projections of these neurons were examined by their antidromic responses to stimulation of the excitatory target motoneurons of the contralateral (c-) inferior rectus muscle (IR) and bilateral (bi-) motoneuron pools of longus capitis muscles, neck flexors, in the C1 segment (C1LC). The neurons were classified into 4 groups according to their axonal projections. The first group of neurons, termed vestibulo-oculo-collic (VOC) neurons, sent axon collaterals both to the c-IR motoneuron pool and to the c-C1LC motoneuron pool. The majority of them (72%) were located in the descending nucleus. The second group of neurons were termed vestibuloocular (VO) neurons and sent their axons to the c-IR motoneuron pool but not to the cervical cord. Most of them (86%) were located in the medial nucleus. The third group of neurons, termed vestibulo-collic (contralateral) (VCc) neurons, sent axons to the cC 1LC motoneuron pool via the contralateral ventral funiculus but not to the oculomotor nuclei. They were mostly (75%) found in the descending nucleus. The last group of neurons were vestibulo-collic (ipsilateral) (VCi) neurons, which gave off axons to the ipsilateral (i-) C1LC motoneuron pool via the ipsilateral ventral funiculus but not to the oculomotor nuclei. One of them also sent an axon collateral to the c-C1LC motoneuron pool. The majority of them (74%) were located in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. It was also observed in some of the VOC and VCi neurons that they produced unitary EPSPs in the c-C1LC and i-C1LC motoneurons, respectively. Their synaptic sites were estimated to be on the cell somata and/or proximal dendrites of the motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271859
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of diltiazem on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diltiazem ; propranolol ; metoprolol ; atenolol ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction ; beta-adrenoceptor blockade ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacodynamic effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic interaction between diltiazem and three β-adrenoceptor blockers propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol was investigated in healthy volunteers given diltiazem 30 mg or placebo t.d.s. for 3 days, followed by a single dose of propranolol 20 mg, metoprolol 40 mg or atenolol 50 mg. The AUCs of propranolol and metoprolol were significantly increased after diltiazem and it significantly prolonged the elimination half-life of metoprolol. In contrast, it did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of atenolol. Propranolol significantly decreased the resting pulse rate after diltiazem pretreatment as compared to placebo. The results indicate that diltiazem impaired the clearance of propranolol and metoprolol, which are principally metabolized by an oxidative pathway, and that the kinetic interaction between diltiazem and propranolol may partly be related to the significant reduction in the pulse rate produced by the latter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561026
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Massive traumatic haematoma of the corpus callosum (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 81 (1986), S. 36-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Severe head injury ; corpus callosum ; diffuse injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five unusual cases with massive haematoma of the corpus callosum caused by blunt head trauma are presented. Aside from the callosal haematomas, intraventricular and subarachnoid haemorrhages or small haemorrhagic foci in the basal ganglia or thalamus were common concomitant lesions on the computerized tomographic (CT) scan. The sites of the impacts were the frontal and occipital areas which were close to the midline and above the level of the corpus callosum. Severe and diffuse brain dysfunction was suggested by the severity of the Glasgow coma score (GCS) and the abnormality on multimodality evoked potentials. An intensive medical treatment such as barbiturate could be promising since a direct surgical approach was dubious because of additional damage to the severely injured brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01456262
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Na,K-ATPase α3 subunit in the goldfish retina during optic nerve regeneration (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 80 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The goldfish optic nerve can regenerate after injury. To understand the molecular mechanism of optic nerve regrowth, we identified genes whose expression is specifically up-regulated during the early stage of optic nerve regeneration. A cDNA library constructed from goldfish retina 5 days after transection was screened by differential hybridization with cDNA probes derived from axotomized or normal retina. Of six cDNA clones isolated, one clone was identified as the␣Na,K-ATPase catalytic subunit α3 isoform by high- sequence homology. In northern hybridization, the expression level of the mRNA was significantly increased at 2 days and peaked at 5–10 days, and then gradually decreased and returned to control level by 45 days after optic nerve transection. Both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining have revealed the location of this transient retinal change after optic nerve transection. The increased expression was observed only in the ganglion cell layer and optic nerve fiber layer at 5–20 days after optic nerve transection. In an explant culture system, neurite outgrowth from the retina 7 days after optic nerve transection was spontaneously promoted. A low concentration of ouabain (50–100 nm) completely blocked the spontaneous neurite outgrowth from the lesioned retina. Together, these data indicate that up-regulation of the Na,K-ATPase α3 subunit is involved in the regrowth of ganglion cell axons after axotomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-3042.2002.00771.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zn-induced impurity levels in layer semiconductor InSe (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 3647-3650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The impurity levels in Zn-doped InSe have been investigated by photoluminescence (PL), Hall effect (HE), and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Previous analysis by PL spectra shows that the radiative transition is dominated by donor-Zn acceptor pairs. In the present work, a search was made for the deep acceptor level using the combined data from HE and DLTS measurements. We find that the deep acceptor level, which is associated with defects or defect complexes formed by Zn atoms in the interlayer, is located about 0.6 eV above the valence band.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344075
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of WSix/GaAs interface (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 220-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and measurements of forward current-voltage characteristics at various temperatures were used to study metallurgical reactions in WSix/GaAs formed by sputter deposition. Both SIMS and RBS showed that annealing at 800 °C results in migration of W and Si into GaAs when the atomic ratio x deviates from 0.5. On the other hand, the forward current-voltage characteristics of WSix/GaAs diodes at various temperatures showed that the excess current across the interface induced after annealing is large when x deviates substantially from 0.5, in agreement with the SIMS and RBS results. It is suggested that the migration of W and Si is directly involved in the thermal degradation of the structural and electrical properties of the WSix/GaAs interface and its x dependence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338860
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiretroviral activity in a marine red alga: reverse transcriptase inhibition by an aqueous extract of Schizymenia pacifica (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 113 (1987), S. 413-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Antiretroviral activity ; Marine algae ; Avian myeloblastosis virus ; Reverse transcriptase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An aqueous extract from the marine red alga, Schizymenia pacifica has been tested in a cell free system for its effect on reverse transcriptase from avian retrovirus (avian myeloblastosis virus), and mammalian retrovirus (Rauscher murine leukemia virus). The extract inhibited reverse transcriptase from both these retroviruses but showed almost no effect, if any, on the activity of cellular DNA polymerase alpha and RNA polymerase II in vitro. Consequently it is unlikely to have an adverse effect on the growth of cultured cell. The inhibitory activity of the extract was stable over a relatively wide pH range (pH 1–11) and was not lost after pronase digestion. Inhibitory activity of the extract was lost after boiling at 100°C in 0.67 N HCl, and after treatment with 100 mM NaIO4. The active principle in the extract has an apparent molecular weight in excess of 100 000 daltons. This new reverse transcriptase inhibitor is probably a polysaccharide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390034
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