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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 26 (1954), S. 1543-1546 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 75 (1953), S. 4111-4112 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 297 (1977), S. S57 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 66 (1979), S. 118-120 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 32 (1999), S. 915-918 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Arztstrafrecht • Sorgfaltspflichtverletzung • Patientenaufklärung • Risk-Management • Strafverteidigung ; Key words Criminal law on medical practice • Breach ¶of duty of due care • Patient information • Risk management, Defence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Defects in treatment, patient information and organization can lead to responsibility under criminal law in addition to civil liability. This turns mainly on the facts of negligent bodily injury and negligent homicide. It is estimated that about 2500–3000 investigations against doctors are started by the director of public prosecutions every year in Germany. These can result in penal law proceedings at the end of which the persons concerned are sentenced. This cannot be avoided unless an adequate defence is started as soon as the accusation becomes known. The aim of the defence has to be to get the investigation stopped as soon as possible and to at least avoid a public trial. A particular feature is that working in the medical profession can in itself lead to responsibility under criminal law. This is a risk practitioners must be aware of. In general, forensic risks are required to be kept to a minimum. Appropriate risk management also contributes to this end. This implies appropriate behaviour in the case of any incidents arising in connection with treatment and/or when the director of public prosecutions starts an investigation. An effective defence is only possible against this backdrop.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Behandlungs-, Aufklärungs- und Organisationsfehler können – neben zivilrechtlicher Haftung – auch zu strafrechtlicher Verantwortlichkeit führen. Vornehmlich geht es um die Tatbestände der fahrlässigen Körperverletzung und fahrlässigen Tötung. Nach Schätzungen werden in Deutschland pro Jahr etwa 2.500 bis 3.000 neue staatsanwaltschaftliche Ermittlungsverfahren gegen Ärztinnen und Ärzte eingeleitet. Daraus können strafgerichtliche Hauptverhandlungen mit Verurteilung der Betroffenen resultieren. Dies zu vermeiden, setzt voraus, daß sofort nach Bekanntwerden des Vorwurfs eine adäquate Verteidigung einsetzt. Deren Ziel muß sein, das Ermittlungsverfahren möglichst frühzeitig zur Einstellung zu führen und jedenfalls die Durchführung einer öffentlichen Hauptverhandlung zu vermeiden. Es stellt eine Besonderheit dar, daßärztliche Berufsausübung ohne weiteres zu strafrechtlicher Verantwortlichkeit führen kann. Dieses Risiko muß bewußt sein. Allgemein ist erforderlich, forensische Risiken zu minimieren. Dem dient auch adäquates Risk-Management. Dies impliziert ein adäquates Verhalten im Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten von Behandlungszwischenfällen bzw. wenn ein staatsanwaltschaftliches Ermittlungsverfahren eingeleitet wird. Nur auf dieser Grundlage kann eine effektive Strafverteidigung erfolgen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Adrenalectomy ; Diabetes insipidus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of adrenalectomy on the amount of “Gomori-positive” neurosecretory material in the outer layer of the median eminence and in the supraoptico-hypophysial system was studied in normal Long-Evans rats and in Long-Evans rats heterozygous and homozygous for hypothalamic diabetes insipidus. In all non-adrenalectomized rats very few “Gomori-positive” granules were found in the outer median eminence layer. After adrenalectomy the amount of the granules increased markedly in normal Long-Evans rats and only slightly in Long-Evans rats heterozygous for diabetes insipidus. However, no augmentation of the granules occurred in homozygous diabetes insipidus rats. The amount of “Gomori-positive” substances demonstrable in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, in the inner layer of the median eminence, and in the neural lobe of the hypophysis was less in rats heterozygous for diabetes insipidus than in normal Long-Evans rats and the smallest in homozygous diabetes insipidus rats. No differences in the amounts of the substances were observed between adrenalectomized and non-adrenalectomized animals. The findings suggest that the “Gomori-positive” granules occurring in the outer layer of the median eminence of adrenalectomized rats are of similar origin as those of the supraoptico-hypophysial system and represent a vasopressin-neurophysin-complex. The results support the concept that vasopressin is involved in the regulation of ACTH release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Corticotropin releasing factor ; Neurosecretion ; Hypophysis ; X-irradiation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 195 female Wistar rats the influence of adrenalectomy, total body X-irradiation and dexamethasone treatment on the amount of CRF-granules in the external zone of the median eminence and “classical” neurosecretory material (NSM) in the internal zone of the median and in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis has been studied. In the normal rat only very few CRF-granules occur. 15 days after adrenalectomy increased amounts of CRF-granules but normal amounts of “classical” NSM are found. X-irradiation leads to a slight diminishment of “classical” NSM in normal rats. In adrenalectomized animals X-irradiation causes no changes in the amount of “classical” NSM but a marked decrease in the amount of CRF-granules. Application of dexamethasone from the 15th to 18th day after adrenalectomy enhances the augmentation of CRF-granules in irradiated and non-irradiated rats but does not influence the amount of “classical” NSM. The findings show that no correlation exists between the quantitative changes of CRF-granules and “classical” NSM under the experimental conditions used. Therefore it is to be assumed that the release of the two substances is regulated by different control mechanisms and that the substances have a different functional significance. The observations do not exclude the possibility that CRF-granules and “classical” NSM are biochemically identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: CRF-granules ; Sodium chloride ; Adrenalectomy ; Rat ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bilaterally adrenalectomized female SPF Wistar rats were given tap water containing various concentrations of sodium chloride to drink ad lib. After a survival period of 14 days the animals were killed by perfusion-fixation. Their brains were removed, fixed in pieric acid formalin solution and embedded in Paraplast. Serial sections of median eminence and hypophysial posterior lobe were cut and stained with crotonaldehyde-fuchsine. In the stained sections the amount of CRF-granules visible in the external zone of the median eminence, and the amount of “classical” neurosecretory material (NSM) occuring in the internal zone of the median eminence and in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis were estimated. After administration of drinking solutions to which 0%–1% sodium chloride were added, the amount of CRF-granules increased with increasing NaCl uptake, whereas the amount of “classical” NSM was not changed. Application of tap water containing 2% NaCl led to a marked decrease in the amount of “classical” NSM but did only slightly impair the amount of CRF-granules. From the findings it is concluded that 1. following bilateral adrenalectomy administration of sodium chloride inhibits the secretion of CRF-granules; 2. CRF-granules and “classical” NSM, although histochemical identical, have different functional significances; 3. the mechanisms regulating the secretion of CRF-granules are different from those controlling the release of “classical” NSM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In adrenalectomized rats, histochemical and immunohistochemical properties of the following secretion products have been investigated: 1. CRF-granules in the outer layer of the median eminence; 2. neurosecretory material (NSM) in the supraoptico-hypophysial system of the hypothalamus; 3. secretory granules in the TSH-cells of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis; 4. secretory granules in the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ (SCO); 5. β-cell-granules in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. All these substances are characterized by their stainability with the so-called “Gomorimethod”. The experiments have included studies into: a) the extractability of the substances by various solvents; b) the digestability of the substances by pepsin or trypsin; c) their histochemically detectable content of disulfide groups, arginine and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reactive carbohydrates; d) their reaction with porcine-neurophysin-II-antibodies. All substances exhibited a positive reaction for disulfide groups. Based on their solutility properties, their resistance to pepsin or trypsin, their respective content of PAS-reactive carbohydrates and their failure to react with anti-neurophysin serum the “Gomori-positive” granules in TSH-, SCO- and pancreatic β-cells can be distinguished from one another and from CRF- and neurosecretory granules. In contrast, CRF-granules and NSM showed identical properties. Taking into consideration data from the biochemical and histochemical literature, the present findings suggest that CRF-granules and NSM consist of closely related biochemical substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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