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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Antigen presentation ; TAP peptide transporter gene ; HLA class II ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; linkage disequilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The TAP2 gene, located in the HLA class II region, encodes a subunit of a transporter involved in the endogenous antigen-processing pathway, and has been suggested to contribute to the genetic risk for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM). In order to determine whether the TAP2 locus modulates the risk conferred by HLA DQ loci, HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes were analysed in 48 IDDM probands, their first degree relatives, and in 62 normal control subjects. A decreased frequency of the TAP2B allele was confirmed in this IDDM cohort (12 vs 28% in control subjects, p c 〈0.05). Analysis of 73 informative meiotic events in IDDM and control families demonstrated a recombination fraction between HLA DQB1 and TAP2 loci of 0.041 (Log of the odds score=16.5; p〈10−8) indicating strong linkage between these loci. Family haplotype analysis demonstrated linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 and HLA DQA1-DQB1, and showed that the reduced frequency of TAP2B was associated with its absence on the IDDM susceptible DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 haplotype, its low frequency on DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201, and the association of TAP2B with DQA1*0101-DQB1*0501 haplotypes which were less frequent in IDDM patients. Comparison of transmitted with non-transmitted haplotypes in IDDM families showed a slight but not significant decrease in TAP2B allele frequency on transmitted (3 of 37) vs non-transmitted (2 of 9) HLA DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 haplotypes. No other differences were observed. Twenty-four unrelated DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 haplotypes from non-diabetic families had a TAP2B allele frequency (4%) similar to that in IDDM haplotypes. These findings suggest that the decreased TAP2B allele frequency in Italian IDDM patients is due to HLA DQ haplotype differences between IDDM patients and control subjects, and do not support a contribution to IDDM risk by the TAP2 locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Antigen presentation ; TAP peptide transporter gene ; HLA class II ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; linkage disequilibrium.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The TAP2 gene, located in the HLA class II region, encodes a subunit of a transporter involved in the endogenous antigen-processing pathway, and has been suggested to contribute to the genetic risk for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM). In order to determine whether the TAP2 locus modulates the risk conferred by HLA DQ loci, HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes were analysed in 48 IDDM probands, their first degree relatives, and in 62 normal control subjects. A decreased frequency of the TAP2B allele was confirmed in this IDDM cohort (12 vs 28 % in control subjects, p c 〈 0.05). Analysis of 73 informative meiotic events in IDDM and control families demonstrated a recombination fraction between HLA DQB1 and TAP2 loci of 0.041 (Log of the odds score = 16.5; p 〈 10–8) indicating strong linkage between these loci. Family haplotype analysis demonstrated linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 and HLA DQA1-DQB1, and showed that the reduced frequency of TAP2B was associated with its absence on the IDDM susceptible DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 haplotype, its low frequency on DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201, and the association of TAP2B with DQA1*0101-DQB1*0501 haplotypes which were less frequent in IDDM patients. Comparison of transmitted with non-transmitted haplotypes in IDDM families showed a slight but not significant decrease in TAP2B allele frequency on transmitted (3 of 37) vs non-transmitted (2 of 9) HLA DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 haplotypes. No other differences were observed. Twenty-four unrelated DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 haplotypes from non-diabetic families had a TAP2B allele frequency (4 %) similar to that in IDDM haplotypes. These findings suggest that the decreased TAP2B allele frequency in Italian IDDM patients is due to HLA DQ haplotype differences between IDDM patients and control subjects, and do not support a contribution to IDDM risk by the TAP2 locus. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 968–974]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 129 (1999), S. 457-461 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Associated voluntary movements ; Motor cortex ; Man ; Near infrared spectroscopy ; Hemoglobin oxygenation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to assess human motor-cortex oxygenation changes in response to cyclic coupled movements of hand and foot. Using a highly sensitive NIRS instrument, we showed that it was possible to detect reproducible oxygenation patterns using single cycles (20 s) of easy and difficult association tasks. No significant differences in the time corresponding to the maximal changes in concentration of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin ([O2Hb] and [HHb], respectively) were found during easy and difficult association as well as cycles. Only [O2Hb] showed a significantly higher value at the end of the difficult association during the first cycle. No significant differences were found for [O2Hb] and [HHb] in the other cycles. We conclude that NIRS is a useful addition to functional magnetic resonance imaging in investigating the time course of cortical activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Koronarchirurgie – Echokardiographie – Diastolische Ventrikelfunktion – Zeitkonstante der myokardialen Relaxation ; Key words Coronary bypass surgery – diastolic function –¶echocardiography – time constant of relaxation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary There is evidence that diastolic function is a major determinant of overall cardiac performance. Intraoperative use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) enables Doppler measurement of mitral inflow pattern (E/A ratio). The E/A ratio is suggested to be a reliable index of changes in myocardial relaxation. In the present study we compared the time course of the E/A ratio and the time constant of myocardial relaxation (τ) assessed by direct left ventricular pressure recordings in patients before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). After ethical approval, 12 patients undergoing CABG surgery were studied. Measurements of the E/A ratio and τ were performed after induction of anesthesia (I), immediately prior to CPB with the pericardium open (II), 5 min after CPB (III), and after sternal closure (IV). Time constant of myocardial relaxation was calculated as the reciprocal value of the slope of the left ventricular dP/dt and left ventricular pressure plot. The E/A ratio was significantly decreased at the end of surgery (IV). In contrast, τ was increased immediately after CPB, but decreased after sternal closure (IV). Cardiac index and heart rate both increased after CPB.¶ The results of the present study demonstrate that diastolic dysfunction occurred immediately after CPB, as indicated by an increase in the time constant of myocardial relaxation. However, τ improved rapidly to pre-CPB values. The E/A ratio alone failed to detect the initial post-CPB alteration in left ventricular relaxation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Entwöhnung von der extrakorporalen Zirkulation (EKZ) stellt weiterhin eine kritische Phase während kardiochirurgischer Operationen dar. Es werden regelhaft myokardiale Funktionsstörungen beobachtet, wobei die diastolische Funktion nur eingeschränkt zu beurteilen ist. Die Einführung der transösophagealen Echokardiographie (TEE) ermöglicht dopplersonographisch die Differenzierung zwischen maximalem früh- (E) und spätdiastolischem (A) Blutfluß vom linken Atrium in den Ventrikel. Das Verhältnis von E zu A (E/A-Ratio) wird als ein Maß für die frühe diastolische Relaxation des Myokards angesehen. Wir untersuchten ob Änderungen der E/A-Ratio vor und nach Herz-Lungen-Maschine (HLM) mit Änderungen der durch direkte linksventrikuläre Druckmessung bestimmten Zeitkonstanten (τ) der frühen myokardialen Relaxation korrespondieren. Es wurden 12 koronarchirurgische Patienten mit eingeschränkter linksventrikulärer Funktion untersucht. Linksventrikulärer Druck und Druckabfallsgeschwindigkeit wurden mit einem Mikromanometerkatheter registriert. Zur Berechnung von τ wurde LVP gegen –dP/dt aufgetragen und mittels linearer Regressionsanalyse die Steigung der resultierenden Geraden bestimmt. Aus dem reziproken Wert der Steigung ergibt sich τ. Zur Bestimmung der E/A-Ratio wurde die Meßkammer des gepulsten Dopplers zwischen den Spitzen der Segel der Mitralklappe plaziert und der Bluteinstrom kontinuierlich bestimmt. Der mittlere arterielle, zentralvenöse Blutdruck und der pulmonalkapilläre Verschlußdruck sowie Herzfrequenz (HF) und Herzindex (HI) wurden nach Narkoseeinleitung (I), Eröffnung des Perikards (II), Entwöhnung von der HLM (III) und nach Sternalverschluß (IV) bestimmt. Die E/A-Ratio war am Ende der Operation (IV) signifikant erniedrigt. Im Gegensatz dazu war die Zeitkonstante der myokardialen Relaxation (τ) unmittelbar nach Abgang von der HLM signifikant (III) erhöht. HI und HF waren post-EKZ erhöht. Der nach Entwöhnung von der HLM gefundene Anstieg von τ ist hinweisend für eine diastolische Funktionsstörung, welche allerdings bereits am Punkt IV nicht mehr signifikant unterschiedlich zum Ausgangswert war. Die E/A-Ratio war hingegen unmittelbar post-HLM nicht signifikant erniedrigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2055-2059 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Waveguided Raman measurements have been performed in order to detect the presence of Ag nanoclusters in soda-lime glass waveguides obtained by ion exchange. By subtracting a strong broadband luminescence and the Raman contribution of the glass matrix, a low frequency Raman peak is resolved. The peak is ascribed to surface acoustic vibrations of silver clusters. The involved modes are the quadrupolar spheroidal ones. The size distribution of the Ag clusters is deduced from the energy and the linewidth of the peak. Silver particles have small dimensions with an upper size limit of about 1.5 nm. This result is in good agreement with recent transmission electron microscopy measurements. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1529-1531 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In graded-index planar optical waveguides, different guided modes propagate in layers with different thickness. By comparison of spectra (Raman, luminescence) taken by waveguide excitation in different modes, it is possible to characterize the guide at different depths. The method has been applied to waveguides obtained by ion exchange of silver in a soda-lime substrate. Luminescence from silver ions and Raman scattering from the optical vibrations of the glass and from the acoustic vibrations of silver nanoclusters depend on the silver concentration, providing different spectra for excitation in different modes of the guide. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 15 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The apical seal of roots obturated with a dentin bonding agent and Thermafill with and without the use of sodium hypo-chlorite as an irrigating solution was compared by a dye leakage test. Roots obturated with Thermafill and a zinc oxide eugenol sealer were used as controls. Thirty-eight roots were prepared chemomech-anically and divided into three experimental groups. The teeth of group 1 were filled with Thermafill and the dentin bonding agent using sodium hypochlorite as the irrigant. The teeth of group 2 were filled in the same way, but saline solution was used as the irrigant. Before the root canal was filled the smear layer was removed from the root canal walls of both groups by rinsing the root canal with a 17% EDTA solution. The teeth of group 3 were filled with Thermafill and a zinc oxide eugenol sealer. The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution. The root fillings of groups 1 and 2 leaked significantly more than those of group 3. The resin-dentin-guttaper-cha interface of group 1 was observed by scanning electron microscopy and showed a typical hybrid layer. An intimate contact between resin and dentin was present in group 2, but a resin-dentin inter-diffusion zone was only occasionally observed. The use of dental adhesives and the hybrid layer formation did not improve the seal of Thermafill root canal Wings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 13 (1998), S. 599-603 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: silica xerogel ; Pr3+ ; OH contents ; luminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pr2O3-SiO2 xerogels doped with different Pr/Si concentrations were annealed at 900°C for 120 h and then investigated by FTIR, NIR absorption, Raman and luminescence spectroscopies. It is observed that the content of surface silanol groups is lower for higher Pr3+ concentrations. Luminescence measurements indicate that the amount of the residual OH plays an important role in the spectroscopic properties of the Pr3+ ion and in particular the quantum yield of the emission from the 3P0,1 and 1D2 states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 391-395 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: silica xerogels ; crystallization ; Raman spectroscopy ; Eu3+ luminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pure and europium doped silica xerogels were annealed at 1050°C to obtain full densification, and at 1300°C to induce crystallization. Raman spectroscopy, time resolved selective luminescence and lifetime measurements were performed on glassy and crystallized samples. We discuss the differences between the Raman spectra of the xerogel annealed at 1050°C and those of a commercial silica. The typical Raman structures of α -crystobalite are evident for the 1300°C annealed samples, but a glassy phase coexists, indicating an incomplete crystallization. Fluorescence measurements give information on the environment of the Eu3+ ions in the glassy and crystallized sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 8 (1997), S. 391-395 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: silica xerogels ; crystallization ; Raman spectroscopy ; Eu3+ luminescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pure and europium doped silica xerogels were annealed at 1050°C to obtain full densification, and at 1300°C to induce crystallization. Raman spectroscopy, time resolved selective luminescence and lifetime measurements were performed on glassy and crystallized samples. We discuss the differences between the Raman spectra of the xerogel annealed at 1050°C and those of a commerical silica. The typical Raman structures of α-crystobalite are evident for the 1300°C annealed samples, but a glassy phase coexists, indicating an incomplete crystallization. Fluorescence measurements give information on the environment of the Eu3+ ions in the glassy and crystallized sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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