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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) in afferent and glomerular endothelial cells is involved in glomerular hyperfiltration of diabetic nephropathy (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 1426-1434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Nitric oxide (NO) ; endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) ; diabetic nephropathy ; afferent arterioles ; glomerular hyperfiltration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) is reported in the diabetic kidney and considered to be involved in glomerular hyperfiltration. The precise mechanism of NO production in the diabetic kidney is, however, not known. In this report, we compare the localization of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) isoform expression in the kidney tissue of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and 5/6 nephrectomized rats and clarify the pivotal role of ecNOS for the glomerular hyperfiltration in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy. In diabetic rats, the diameters of afferent arterioles, the glomerular volume, creatinine clearance, and urinary NO2/NO3 were increased after the induction of diabetes. Efferent arterioles were, however, not altered. Insulin or L-NAME treatment returned the diameters of afferent arterioles, glomerular volume, creatinine clearance, and urinary NO2/NO3 to normal. The expression of ecNOS in afferent arterioles and glomeruli of diabetic rats increased during the early stages of the disease, but was not altered in efferent arterioles. Treatment with either insulin or L-NAME decreased ecNOS expression in afferent arterioles and in glomeruli. In contrast, the ecNOS expression was upregulated in both afferent and efferent arterioles and in the glomeruli of 5/6 nephrectomized rats, where the dilatation of afferent and efferent arterioles and glomerular enlargement were observed. Treatment with L-NAME ameliorated the ecNOS expression and dilatation of arterioles. We conclude that enhanced NO synthesis by ecNOS in afferent arterioles and glomerular endothelial cells in response to the hyperglycaemic state could cause preferential dilatation of afferent arterioles, which ultimately induces glomerular enlargement and glomerular hyperfiltration. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 1426–1434]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051088
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between the development of hepato-renal toxicity and cadmium accumulation in rats given minimum to large amounts of cadmium chloride in the long-term: preliminary study (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 72 (1998), S. 545-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words CdCl2 ; Chronic toxicity ; Body burden ; of Cd ; Renal toxicity ; Liver toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We wished to clarify the relationship between the sensitivity to induce hepato-renal toxicity and the level of cadmium (Cd) in the organs of rats exposed to minimum to large amounts of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). For this purpose, groups of female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, each consisting of 24 animals, were fed diet containing CdCl2 at concentrations of 0, 8, 40, 200, and 600 ppm for 2, 4, and 8 months from 5 weeks of age. All surviving rats given 600 ppm Cd were killed at 4␣months because of deterioration of their general condition. Animals of this group showed anemia and decreased hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, in addition to reduction of cancellous bone in their femurs. Hepatotoxicity was observed after 2 months in the groups treated with 200 ppm. By 4 months, the rats in the 600 ppm group had developed periportal liver cell necrosis. Renal toxicity characterized by degeneration of proximal tubular epithelia was apparent in the groups treated with 200 ppm from 2 months, becoming more prominent in the high-dose rats at 4 months. Hepatic accumulation of Cd increased linearly with the duration of treatment. In contrast, the concentration of Cd in the renal cortex of rats treated with 600 ppm reached a plateau level of ∼250 μg/g within the first 2 months. The renal concentration of Cd in the 200 ppm group when renal toxic lesions were first detected at 2 months ranged from 104 to 244 μg/g. No renal lesions were observed in the 40 ppm group after 8 months, despite the presence of 91–183 μg/g of Cd in the kidneys. The results thus suggest that renal toxicity would not be induced by treatment with minimum amounts of CdCl2 for periods longer than 8 months, although accumulation of Cd might gradually progress. A further 2-year feeding study of CdCl2 and Cd-polluted rice is now in progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050541
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Japanese family with autosomal dominant growth hormone deficiency (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 624-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Autosomal dominant growth hormone deficiency ; GH-1 gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 1-year-old Japanese boy and his father with isolated growth hormone deficiency II. In both cases, a G → A transition of the first base of the donor splice site of intron 3 of the growth hormone-1 gene was detected. All unaffected family members were homozygous normal. Conclusion This is the fourth reported case of autosomal isolated growth hormone deficiency II with a G → A transition. The CG dinucleotide at the exon 3-intron 3 junction of the growth hormone-1 gene appears to be a hot spot for point mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051164
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infection by human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 of the cervix in Japanese women (1995)
    Suite 500, 5th Floor, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Science Inc.
    International journal of gynecological cancer 5 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Exfoliated cervical cells from 321 Japanese women were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot-blot hybridization methods. HPV DNA was present in 9.3% of patients with normal cervixes, 72.7% of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 77.8% of patients with invasive carcinoma. Younger patients (〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:1048891X:IJG05010045:les" location="les.gif"/〉29 years) with normal cervixes had a 18.5% incidence of HPV DNA, whilst similar older patients (〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:1048891X:IJG05010045:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉50 years) had a 1.9% incidence, a significant difference (χ2= 6.478, P 〈 0.01). In the CIN I and II groups, an incidence of 11.1% of types 16 and 18 was found, while in the CIN III or invasive carcinoma group the incidence was 58.1%, again a significant difference (χ2 = 12.075, P 〈 0.01). Furthermore, persistence or progression of CIN showed a significant correlation with infections by types 16 and 33 (χ2= 4.904, P 〈 0.01). However, no significantly different incidence of HPV infection was found between the CIN and the invasive carcinoma groups. It is suggested that (a) younger patients with normal cervixes have a higher incidence of HPV infection than do older patients; (b) HPV types 16, 18 and 33 are important etiologic agents of CIN III and invasive carcinoma, as well as in the persistence and progression of CIN; (c) progression of CIN to invasive carcinoma may depend on factors other than HPV infection in the cervix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1995.05010045.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and in situ monitoring of a novel compact electron cyclotron resonance plasma source (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 5252-5256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For plasma-assisted processing of future semiconductor devices, a new compact electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source has been specifically designed. The source is novel in that the magnets required for the production of ECR plasma are movable even in vacuum, and in situ monitoring of the discharge zone is also possible. Typical plasma characteristics were evaluated for nitrogen gas using Langmuir probe diagnostics and ion energy analysis. The measured plasma parameters include electron densities in excess of 1010 cm−3 and low ion energies (〈30 eV) with narrow distributions, which can be easily controlled by varying the discharge pressure and downstream position. Moreover, changing the aperture size of the discharge cavity enables one to control the relative ratio of the ionic and atomic species in the plasma. In determining plasma stability, changes in plasma parameters after plasma start-up were investigated. The results show a correlation between changes in the plasma potential and the total plasma optical emission. In situ monitoring of the total plasma emission is suggested as a simple means of providing valuable information in real time about physical plasma parameter changes during processing. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146094
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Guttural Pouch is not Present in the White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum); Morphology of the Eustachian Tube and Nasopharynx (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 27 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nasopharynx and eustachian tube (auditory tube) were morphologically examined in the white rhinoceros. The narrow nasopharynx cavity was enlarged dorsoventrally. The most lateral part of both sides sharply rises in a dorsal direction and the volume is estimated at 173 cc. The eustachian tube is 145 mm in length from the auditory bulla to the nasopharynx. The hyaline cartilage is well-developed in the middle region of the eustachian tube wall. The results demonstrated that the white rhinoceros does not have a guttural pouch. We suggest that the occurrence of the guttural pouch may not be dependent on the phylogenetic status of perissodactyls such as horse, donkey and tapir.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1998.tb00202.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft X-ray Beamline Specialized for Actinides and Radioactive Materials Equipped with a Variably Polarizing Undulator (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049597010273
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Present Status and Performance of SPring-8 Front Ends (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 1195-1198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: SPring-8 front ends have a novel structure which makes it easy to rearrange them and exchange the components. The structure has a common support for all the components except X-ray beam-position monitors and lead collimators. The alignment of the common support as well as the components was carried out with an accuracy of 0.25 mm in the vertical and horizontal directions. Replaceable pumping systems have also been placed on the common support and have achieved a vacuum of 2 × 10−8 Pa at the upstream part of the front ends without synchrotron radiation. During the commissioning with synchrotron radiation, the pumping systems displayed good pumping-down characteristics. Commissioning has been successfully performed for four standard in-vacuum X-ray undulators and three bending-magnet-beamline front ends up to July 1997. Measurements of temperature rise show that absorber, pre-slits and XY slits can handle the anticipated maximum heat load at a ring current of 100 mA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598002088
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potency of extract contents from selected tropical chewing sticks against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus auricularis (1997)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1997), S. 235-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Antibiotic value ; chewing stick species ; new antibiotics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Two strains of enteropathogenic Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus auricularis, NIAH 11484 and Staphylococcus aureus, IFO 12732) were tested in vitro for their resistance to extracts from tropical chewing stick species, namely, Garcinia mannii Heck, Masularia accuminata (G. Don) Benth, Zanthoxylum gilletii (DeWild) Waterman, Terminalia glaucescens Plauch ex Benth, Azadiracta indica A. Juss, Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill & Perr and Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.). The chewing sticks are normally used for oral hygiene and this is felt to be related to their ability to attack bioagents that could invade the mouth during normal nutrition. Results from our study showed that the antibiotic properties of test chewing stick species vary and are target-microbe-specific. Of the species examined, only T. glaucescens showed appreciable broad antibiotic effect against S. aureus and S. auricularis. Intense antibiotic activity against S. aureus occurred when using a 2.0 g/l extract concentration and a 30-h incubation. T. glaucescens also showed intense activity against S. auricularis at 2.0 g/l concentration, 30-h incubation when all other extracts had lost their potency. A. indica is, however, most effective against S. aureus, showing appreciable antibiotic activity at 0.4 g/l concentration, 30-h incubation. Z. gilletii has no antibiotic activity against any of the test bacteria. The antistaphylococcus compounds in T. glaucescens and A. indica are worthy of isolation and further analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008838331079
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibody in Wild Boar, Sus scrofa riukiuanus, on Iriomote Island, Japan (1999)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 23 (1999), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: boar ; Mayailurus iriomotensis ; serology ; Sus scrofa riukiuanus ; Toxoplasma gondii ; wildcat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006292824574
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