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  • 1
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Shoulder ; Supraspinatus outlet syndrome ; Computed tomography ; Mineralization ; Subacromial space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une réduction de l'espace sous-acromial et une augmentation de la pression sous-acromiale avait été considérées comme jouant un rôle très important dans la pathogénie des lésions de la coiffe des rotateurs. L'objectif de cette étude est de développer une méthode basée sur la tomodensitométrie, pour mesurer la distance acromio-humérale et la minéralisation de la partie inférieure de l'acromion. Chez 7 patients avec une rupture unilatérale de la coiffe des rotateurs et deux avec un syndrome de conflit, des images acquises en coupes axiales transverses étaient obtenues avec une section d'épaisseur de 1 mm en situation de relaxation musculaire dans une position standard. Les structures osseuses étaient ensuite reconstruites en trois dimensions, la distance minimale verticale entre l'acromion et l'humérus était déterminée sur trois images frontales des deux côtés. La distribution de la minéralisation à l'intérieur de la surface caudale de l'acromion était évaluée en utilisant une méthode d'ostéo-absorptiométrie. Bien que le score de Constant était significantivement réduit chez les épaules malades, l'épaisseur de l'espace sous-acromial n'était pas systématiquement plus bas que du côté controlatéral. Dans 7 cas, les zones de minéralisation maximale de l'acromion étaient identiques dans les deux épaules et dans 2 cas étaient plus basses du côté affecté. Cette étude préliminaire suggère qu'avec la relaxation musculaire, un amincissement de l'espace sous-acromial ne peut pas être détecté sur des images de reconstruction frontale, par tomodensitométrie tridimensionnelle et qu'un potentiel d'accroissement de la pression subacromiale n'est pas assez élevé pour causer une augmentation de la densité osseuse de l'acromion. La méthode présentée rend possible l'investigation de la pathogénie du défilé du m. supraépineuxin vivo avec une plus grande précision que ce qui a été possible jusqu'alors avec la radiographie conventionnelle.
    Notes: Summary A reduction of the subacromial space and an increased subacromial pressure have been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff lesions. The objective of the current study was to develop a CT based method for measuring the acromiohumeral distance and inferior acromial mineralization. In seven patients with unilateral rupture of the rotator cuff and two with impingement syndrome, transverse CT images were obtained at a section thickness of 1 mm with muscular relaxation in a standardized position. The bones were then reconstructed three-dimensionally, and the minimal vertical distance between the acromion and the humerus was determined in three secondary frontal images on both sides. The distribution of mineralization within the inferior surface of the acromion was assessed using CT osteoabsorptiometry. Although the Constant score was significantly reduced in the diseased shoulders, the width of the subacromial space was not routinely lower than on the contralateral side. In seven cases the maximal inferior acromial mineralization was identical in both shoulders, and in two cases it was lower on the affected side. These preliminary data suggest that with muscular relaxation no narrowing of the subacromial space can be detected in secondary frontal CT images, and that a potential increase of subacromial pressure is not high enough to cause a measurable increase in inferior acromial bone density. The method presented makes it possible to investigate the pathogenesis of the supraspinatus outlet syndromein vivo with greater precision than has so far been possible with conventional radiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Shoulder ; Supraspinatus outlet syndrome ; Computed tomography ; Mineralization ; Subacromial space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A reduction of the subacromial space and an increased subacromial pressure have been considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff lesions. The objective of the current study was to develop a CT based method for measuring the acromiohumeral distance and inferior acromial mineralization. In seven patients with unilateral rupture of the rotator cuff and two with impingement syndrome, transverse CT images were obtained at a section thickness of 1 mm with muscular relaxation in a standardized position. The bones were then reconstructed three-dimensionally, and the minimal vertical distance between the acromion and the humerus was determined in three secondary frontal images on both sides. The distribution of mineralization within the inferior surface of the acromion was assessed using CT osteoabsorptiometry. Although the Constant score was significantly reduced in the diseased shoulders, the width of the subacromial space was not routinely lower than on the contralateral side. In seven cases the maximal inferior acromial mineralization was identical in both shoulders, and in two cases it was lower on the affected side. These preliminary data suggest that with muscular relaxation no narrowing of the subacromial space can be detected in secondary frontal CT images, and that a potential increase of subacromial pressure is not high enough to cause a measurable increase in inferior acromial bone density. The method presented makes it possible to investigate the pathogenesis of the supraspinatus outlet syndrome in vivo with greater precision than has so far been possible with conventional radiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2800-2804 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new ultrahigh vacuum instrument allowing in situ Kerr microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy is described. The Kerr microscope has a spatial resolution of about 1 μm. First experimental results are reported on the magnetism of a 5 μm wide stripe consisting of six atomic layers of Fe grown in situ by molecular beam epitaxy on a W(110) surface. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 6166-6168 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have fabricated ultrathin Co particles with various shapes, variable thicknesses δ (2 ML〈δ〈22 ML), and lateral size L ranging from 100 μm to (approximate)100 nm. We find that all particles are magnetized in-plane at room temperature and are in a single domain state, independently of shape and size—with some remarkable exceptions. We also find that the magnetic state of a particle can be manipulated without influencing the state of the neighbors. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 260 (1998), S. 207-211 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words FtsZ ; Chloroplast division ; Cryptomonad ; Nucleomorph ; Subcellular localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Guillardia theta is a cryptomonad alga, whose phototrophic symbiont was acquired by secondary endocytobiosis. The nucleomorph, the vestigial nucleus of the eukaryotic endosymbiont, harbors three linear chromosomes with a total coding capacity of 515 kb. Sequencing of the nucleomorph genome reveals that it encodes an ORF homologous to the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ, supporting the hypothesis that FtsZ is common in chloroplasts. We show that the nucleomorph-encoded ftsZ gene is transcribed. The transcript is polyadenylated and therefore shows features typical of eukaryotic transcripts. However, 3′ processing of nucleomorph mRNA is inaccurate. Transcripts of nucleomorph genes in G. theta overlap with neighboring UTRs and coding regions. We demonstrate that the reading frame encoding NmFtsZ is not interrupted by introns. Subcellular localization of the protein reveals that FtsZ is localized exclusively in the chloroplast of G. theta, demonstrating that FtsZ is imported into the organelle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 378 (1995), S. 597-600 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We grow epitaxial Fe films at room temperature on top of a non-magnetic single-crystal W(110) surface. Pressure in the vacuum chamber during growth does not exceed 2 x 1010 mbar. In the ferromagnetically ordered phase, the films have a uniaxial easy magnetization axis along the in-plane [110] ...
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Supraspinatus outlet syndrome ; computed tomography ; 3D reconstruction ; shoulder ; acromion ; Schlüsselwörter Supraspinatus-outlet-Syndrom • CT • 3D-Rekonstruktion • Schulter • Akromion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine mechanische Irritation der Supraspinatussehne aufgrund einer Einengung des subakromialen Raumes wird als mögliche Ursache des Supraspinatus-outlet-Syndroms angesehen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Entwicklung einer Methode zur verbesserten räumlichen Messung akromiohumeraler Distanzen und zur Beurteilung der Akromionform in der dreidimensional rekonstruierten Computertomographie (CT). An 7 Patienten mit einseitigem Supraspinatus-outlet-Syndrom wurde das Akromion und der subakromiale Raum aus hochauflösenden CT-Schnitten dreidimensional (3D-) rekonstruiert. Die akromiohumerale Distanz wurde in 3 rekonstruierten Frontalschnitten gemessen und auf der gesunden und erkrankten Seite verglichen. Die Akromionform wurde der Klassifikation nach Bigliani im konventionellen Röntgenbild gegenübergestellt. Die akromiohumerale Distanz war an der betroffenen Schulter nicht signifikant kleiner als auf der gesunden Seite. In 5 Fällen konnte die Klassifikation der Akromionform im Röntgenbild in der 3D-CT bestätigt werden, in 2 Fällen ergab sich eine abweichende Beurteilung. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, daß mit der 3D-CT eine verbesserte Beurteilung der Akromionform und der akromiohumeralen Distanz möglich ist.
    Notes: Summary Mechanical irritations of the supraspinatus tendon due to a reduction of the subacromial space are considered to be a potential cause of supraspinatus outlet syndrome. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to provide a method of improved measurement of the acromiohumeral distance and the evaluation of the acromial shape. In seven patients aged 50–60 years with unilateral supraspinatus outlet syndrome, imaging with standardized, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed in order to demonstrate the acromion and the subacromial space three-dimensionally. The acromiohumeral distance was measured in three reconstructed frontal sections, and the two sides of each patient were directly compared. The acromial shape was compared with the classification of Bigliani as derived from conventional radiography. Whereas the Constant Score was found to be significantly reduced in the diseased shoulders (p 〈 0.01), the acromiohumeral distance was not significantly lower in three standardized frontal sections. In five cases the classification of the acromial form from the conventional radiograph was confirmed by 3D CT, whereas in two cases it was shown to be different. Our results suggest that primary or secondary changes of the acromial form can be more accurately evaluated with 3D CT than with conventional radiography. A direct comparison of the two sides in patients with supraspinatus syndrome does not suggest a reduction of acromiohumeral distance in the diseased shoulder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 82 (1995), S. 573-575 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 83 (1996), S. 103-112 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: 9 years. During most of this time, evolution took place at the level of cell evolution. The cells of presently existing organisms belong to two fundamentally different cell types, protocytes (of bacteria and archaea) and eucytes (of eukarya). Thanks to molecular phylogenetics, the path of evolution can now be traced back to its very beginnings, although the picture may be blurred by repeated horizontal gene transfer. A symbiogenetic origin of plastids and mitochondria is now very well documented, and it is being discussed also for some other constituents of eucytes, including even the cell nucleus. It could be demonstrated that not only did bacterial cells become incorporated into protoeucytes and transformed into organelles of their respective hosts, but also that endocytic eucytes have apparently been transformed to complex organelles by coevolution with host cells.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 196 (1995), S. 720-726 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: β-Oxidation ; Mitochondrion ; Palmitoylcarnitine ; Pisum ; Solanum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondria from pea (Pisum sativum L.) cotyledons and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers exhibited a palmitoyl carnitine-dependent, KCN-sensitive stimulation of the oxygen uptake measured in the presence of 0.2mmol·−1 malate (sparker malate), provided a certain concentration range of palmitoylcarnitine was observed. Above this concentration range, which was dependent on the bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentration of the reaction mixture, the mitochondrial oxygen uptake was inhibited by palmitoylcarnitine. Palmitoylcarnitine (racemate) and palmitoyl-l-carnitine were equally effective in stimulating/inhibiting mitochondrial oxygen uptake in the presence of sparker malate. The mitochondrial membrane potential generated in the presence of sparker malate was partially dissipated by palmitoyl-lcarnitine concentrations stimulating the mitochondrial oxygen uptake. The formation of acid-soluble radioactivity in reaction mixtures provided with [1-14C]palmitoyll-carnitine was considerably lower than that expected minimally if the palmitoyl-l-carnitine-stimulated oxygen uptake resulted from palmitoyl-l-carnitine oxidation sparked by malate. Palmitoylcarnitine concentrations resulting in stimulation of the mitochondrial oxygen uptake in the presence of sparker malate also led to a stimulation of succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity, as well as to an increase in the measurable activities of mitochondrial matrix enzymes, indicating loss of both mitochondrial integrity and mitochondrial enzyme latency in the presence of palmitoylcarnitine. Correspondingly, malate-dependent NADH formation was stimulated by palmitoylcarnitine. Neither NAD reduction nor oxygen uptake were observed when the mitochondria were provided with palmitoylcarnitine only. The oxygen uptake due to glycine oxidation by mitochondria from green sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cotyledons was affected by palmitoylcarnitine in a similar manner to the oxygen uptake of pea cotyledon and potato tuber mitochondria in the presence of sparker malate. The results lead to the conclusion that the palmitoylcarnitine-dependent stimulation of mitochondrial oxygen uptake observed in the presence of sparker malate results substantially from an enhanced malate oxidation due to the detergent effect of palmitoylcarnitine on the mitochondrial membranes, rather than from palmitoylcarnitine β-oxidation.
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