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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occasional loss of expression of phosphinothricin tolerance in sexual offspring of transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 98 (1997), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: biosafety ; gene inactivation ; phosphinothricin tolerance gene ; transgenic Brassica napus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The commercial and economic value of genetically modified crops is determined by a predictable, consistent and stable transmission and expression of the transgenes in successive generations. No gene inactivation is expected after selfings or crosses with non-transformed plants of homozygous transgenic oilseed rape plants if the expression of the transgene in homozygous or hemizygous nature in such plants is stable. The segregation ratios of phosphinothricin (PPT) tolerance in successive generations of selfings and mutual crosses of a few independent transgenic PPT-tolerant oilseed rape plants indicated a dominant, monogenic inheritance. In within-variety and between-variety crosses no transgene inactivation was observed. However, after selfings and backcrosses with non-transgenic oilseed rape infrequent loss of the expression of the PPT tolerance transgene was observed independent from its homozygous or hemizygous nature. Molecular analysis of PPT-susceptible plants showed that the loss of expression was due to gene inactivation and not to the absence of the transgene. Methylation and co-suppression are mechanisms that might cause reduced or even loss of expression of the transgene in later generations. The implications of this observation for seed multiplication of varieties and breeding activities with transgenic oilseed rape are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003117200129
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybridization of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) through a flower-culture method (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 83 (1995), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; flower-culture method ; intergeneric cross ; oilseed rape ; radish ; Raphanus sativus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hybridization between radish and oilseed rape has been cumbersome, requiring elaborate embryo rescue techniques. With a modified flower culture method, we have achieved successful hybridization between radish and (transgenic) oilseed rape without the laborious and technically demandingin vitro ovule or embryo rescue techniques. The hybrid nature of the intergeneric hybrids was demonstrated using morphological traits, and DNA analyses. The described method will facilitate the generation ofRaphanobrassica hybrids useful for biosafety studies of the potential for transgenes to spread in weedyCruciferae as well as for breeding programs aimed at introducing useful radish genes, e.g. nematode resistance genes, into oilseed rape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01678044
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A transgene-centered approach to the biosafety of transgenic phosphinothricin-tolerant plants (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 4 (1998), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: ecology ; genetic modification ; herbicides ; risk assessment ; toxicology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The microbial bar and pat genes confer tolerance to the non-selective herbicide phosphinothricin (PPT; sold as Basta or Finale). This tolerance in plants could provide an environmental gain compared to current-day herbicide cocktails, but the safety of such a transgene approach is questioned by many. The biosafety of the presence of these herbicide tolerance genes in plants is evaluated in a ‘transgene-centered approach’. Potentially, the introduction of transgenic PPT-tolerant crops could result in acquired PPT tolerance in weedy relatives of these crops. Assuming responsible use of this trait in agronomy, the ecological consequences with respect to weediness or spread of the transgenic PPT tolerance are concluded to be negligible. The key issue for the toxicological evaluation is whether or not the plant has actually been sprayed with PPT. Consumption of the gene and/or gene product from unsprayed transgenic plant material will not have adverse effects. In case of PPT-sprayed material, PPT or its derivatives could be present in food and feed and crop-specific metabolites might be formed. To date, the toxicological impact of such a putative exposure is not sufficiently clear, and further premarket testing is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009695124173
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review: Biosafety of E. coli β-glucuronidase (GUS) in plants (1998)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 7 (1998), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: biosafety ; Escherichia coli ; familiarity ; genetic modification ; β-glucuronidase (GUS) ; substantial equivalence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene is to date the most frequently used reporter gene in plants. Marketing of crops containing this gene requires prior evaluation of their biosafety. To aid such evaluations of the GUS gene, irrespective of the plant into which the gene has been introduced, the ecological and toxicological aspects of the gene and gene product have been examined. GUS activity is found in many bacterial species, is common in all tissues of vertebrates and is also present in organisms of various invertebrate taxa. The transgenic GUS originates from the enterobacterial species Escherichia coli that is widespread in the vertebrate intestine, and in soil and water ecosystems. Any GUS activity added to the ecosystem through genetically modified plants will be of no or minor influence. Selective advantages to genetically modified plants that posses and express the E. coli GUS transgene are unlikely. No increase of weediness of E. coli GUS expressing crop plants, or wild relatives that might have received the transgene through outcrossing, is expected. Since E. coli GUS naturally occurs ubiquitously in the digestive tract of consumers, its presence in food and feed from genetically modified plants is unlikely to cause any harm. E. coli GUS in genetically modified plants and their products can be regarded as safe for the environment and consumers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008832711805
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A General Route to the Monomeric Subunits of the Macrotetrolides - A Short Synthesis of Methyl Nonactate (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1998 (1998), S. 2073-2078 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Sultones ; Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction ; Desulfurization ; Heterocycles ; Actic acids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A highly stereoselective and flexible sultone route to actic acids, the monomeric subunits of the macrotetrolides, has been developed and exemplified for nonactic acid (2a). Due to the extensive application of tandem transformations, only six steps were needed to secure methyl nonactate (20) from furan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sultones in Organic Synthesis (1998)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 340 (1998), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sultones are readily prepared by intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of vinylsulfonates in an often highly stereoselective fashion. Various methods for the synthetic elaboration of these heterocycles have been developed and applied to the total synthesis of biologically active natural products.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19983400102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiuz aktuell (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 32 (1998), S. 107-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19980320208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules. Von L. S. Hegedus. University Science Books, Mill Valley, CA (USA), 1994. 358 S., Broschur 27.95 £. - ISBN 0-935702-28-8 (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 107 (1995), S. 652-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19951070531
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Review: Transition Metals in the Synthesis of Complex Organic Molecules. By L. S. Hegedus (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 34 (1995), S. 1035-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199510351
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