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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic studies of an ambient-pressure process for the selective hydrogenation of polybutadienes (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 25 (1992), S. 525-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00028a005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case 23 nomination of precursory seismic quiescence as a significant precursor (1997)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 149 (1997), S. 79-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Conclusions Several cases of extremely strong quiescences have been investigated in great detail, and it was found that they are statistically highly significant and that they cannot be reasonably explained by catalog heterogeneity. Several additional cases of quantitatively measured quiescence have been documented. The method of measuring quiescence has progressed from using visual means to using a quantitative approach, and the understanding of the noise sources has significantly advanced during the last few years. Therefore I feel that quiescence is a real phenomenon and the method to detect it has matured to a point that is acceptable for the List of Significant Precursors, although considerably more work needs to be done to understand this parameter and its role in the earthquake generation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00945162
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism in two hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rabbits ; diabetes ; hypercholesterolaemia ; lipoproteins ; cholesterol metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum lipoproteins and key hepatic and intestinal enzymes regulating cholesterol synthesis, esterification and catabolism, namely 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase, acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol-o-acyltransferase (ACAT) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase respectively, were compared in two hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models — the cholesterol-fed animal and the hypercholesterolaemic diabetic animal. Hypercholesterolaemia in the cholesterol-fed animals was reflected in the VLDL and LDL fractions, whereas VLDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels were elevated in the diabetic animals. The lipoproteins of the cholesterol-fed animals were enriched with cholesterol but the lipoprotein fractions in the diabetic animals were enriched with triacylglycerol. While hepatic HMGCoA reductase activity was significantly reduced in both groups, the activities of hepatic ACAT and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase were significantly increased in the cholesterol-fed animals and significantly reduced in the diabetic animals compared with controls. In the intestine, the activity of HMGCoA reductase was increased and ACAT reduced in the diabetic animals. By contrast, in the cholesterol-fed group, HMGCoA reductase activity was lower and ACAT activity was higher in comparison with the control group. These differences in lipoproteins and cellular cholesterol metabolism between the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models may explain the differences in susceptibility to atherosclerosis, previously reported in these two animal models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418266
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular cholesterol regulation — A defect in the Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patient in poor metabolic control (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; LDL ; cholesterol ; esterification ; glycosylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study investigates the relationship between Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia with regard to delivery of cholesterol to cells and regulation of endogenous cholesterol synthesis. The ability of LDL, from hypercholesterolaemic and Type 2 diabetic patients, to suppress cellular cholesterologenesis and to enhance mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was compared. Cholesterol synthesis was estimated by measuring [14C]-acetate incorporation into cholesterol and lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation into mitogen-stimulated normal lymphocytes. The results indicate that LDL from both Type 2 diabetic patients in poor metabolic control and hypercholesterolaemic patients was significantly less effective (p 〈 0.001) than LDL from non-diabetic normocholesterolaemic subjects in suppressing cholesterol synthesis in lymphocytes. LDL from all hypercholesterolaemic patients enhanced lymphocyte proliferation to a greater extent than LDL from normocholesterolaemic subjects and this effect was significantly increased using LDL from Type 2 diabetic, hypercholesterolaemic patients. Both suppression of [14C]-acetate incorporation and enhancement of [3H]-thymidine uptake could be related to an increased esterified/free cholesterol ratio in the LDL particle. The fact that cholesterol synthesis and cell proliferation were markedly altered by the above changes in LDL composition suggests a mechanism for cellular cholesterol accumulation in the Type 2 diabetic patient, even in the absence of elevated serum cholesterol levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401046
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in apolipoprotein B-48 in the postprandial state in NIDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1259-1264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Apolipoprotein B-48 ; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins ; NIDDM ; cholesterol ; triglyceride.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intestine is a major site of cholesterol synthesis and produces apolipoprotein B-48, which is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption and secretion. The purpose of this study was to examine postprandial changes in apolipoprotein B-48 in diabetes. Six non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and six non-diabetic control subjects were given a high-fat meal (1300 kcal) and blood samples were taken pre- and postprandially, from which the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (density 〈 1.006 g/ml). Apolipoprotein B-48 was separated on 4–15 % gradient gels and quantified as a percentage of the fasting concentration by densitometric scanning. Total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction, blood glucose, and serum insulin were also measured. Diabetic patients exhibited a postprandial triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein B-48 profile significantly different from that of control subjects (p 〈 0.05). The triglyceride and total protein concentration in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction mirrored the post-prandial profile and apolipoprotein B-48 in both groups. Significantly different patterns for triglyceride (p 〈 0.02) and total protein (p 〈 0.05) following the fat-rich meal were observed in the two groups. Fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol and total apolipoprotein B were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (p 〈 0.05). Since apolipoprotein B-48 is the structural protein of intestinally-derived lipoprotein particles, these studies suggest an abnormality in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 1259–1264]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399800
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipoprotein composition in NIDDM: effects of dietary oleic acid on the composition, oxidisability and function of low and high density lipoproteins (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 667-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low density lipoprotein oxidation ; low density lipoprotein fatty acids ; lipid peroxidation ; conjugated dienes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is related to the fatty acid composition which is altered in diabetes mellitus. This study examines the relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipoprotein oxidation. A group of nine non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients were compared to seven healthy control subjects before and after a high monounsaturated diet. Lipoproteins were isolated and oxidisability was measured by conjugated diene formation and lipid peroxide analysis. Serum HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the diabetic patients. LDL cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in the diabetic patients was significantly higher at baseline and decreased after diet (p〈0.05) while oleic acid increased in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p〈0.05). HDL cholesteryl ester oleic acid was lower in the diabetic patients compared with control subjects (p〈0.05) before diet and it increased significantly after diet (p〈0.05). LDL lipid peroxides and conjugated diene formation were related to LDL glycation (r=0.46, p〈0.05 and r=0.49, p〈0.05, respectively). Both decreased following diet (lipid peroxides for diabetic patients from 476±30 to 390±20 nmol/mg protein p〈0.05 and for control subjects from 350±36 to 198±30 nmol/mg protein p〈0.05). HDL conjugated diene formation decreased in both groups after diet but only significantly in the control group (55.4±7.5 to 53.2±6.7 nmol/mg protein for diabetic patients and 45.8±6.4 to 31.6±4.8 nmol/mg protein p〈0.05 for control subjects). There was a positive correlation between LDL lipid peroxide formation and percentage of cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in LDL from diabetic patients (r=0.61, p〈0.05) and control subjects (r=0.91, p〈0.01). Fatty acid composition of LDL was reflected in the composition of HDL. In the presence of HDL lipoprotein peroxidation decreased. This decrease in lipoprotein peroxidation was positively related to the percentage of linoleic acid in LDL (r=0.71, p〈0.05). This study confirms the close relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and HDL and demonstrates the importance of the fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester fraction in relation to LDL oxidation in diabetes. Linoleic acid in HDL appears to be a protecting factor against oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418538
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in NIDDM: its relationship to fatty acid composition (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1300-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low-density lipoprotein oxidation ; dietary fatty acids ; low-density lipoprotein composition ; glycated low-density lipoprotein.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The increased risk of atherosclerotic disease in diabetic subjects may be due to enhanced foam cell formation following an increased susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification. This study has compared fatty acid content and lipoprotein oxidisability in 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with that in 10 control subjects. Both groups were normocholesterolaemic and the diabetic subjects had higher triglyceride levels (2.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p 〈 0.05). The fatty acid composition was compared in low density lipoprotein following Folch extraction, separation by thin layer chromatography (for the lipid classes) and analysis by gas liquid chromatography. Low density lipoprotein oxidisability was assessed by conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance formation in the presence of copper ions. The esterified/free cholesterol ratio was higher in the low density lipoprotein from patients compared to control subjects (2.9 ± 0.1 vs 1.9 ± 0.3, p 〈 0.05). Linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction of the lipoprotein was higher in the patients than in the control subjects (48.2 ± 2.2 % vs 42.4 ± 3.4 %, p 〈 0.05) as was the total quantity of linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction (317.8 ± 68.0 vs 213.2 ± 28.0 μg/mg protein, p 〈 0.05) and in the low-density lipoprotein as a whole (443.2 ± 70.0 vs 340.2 ± 28.2 μg/mg protein, p 〈 0.05). Lipoprotein oxidisability was also increased in the diabetic group with increased formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (35.6 ± 7.2 vs 22.3 ± 3.5 nmol/mg protein, p 〈 0.05, increased total diene formation (502 ± 60 vs 400 ± 30 nmol/mg protein, p 〈 0.05) and increased rate of diene formation (7.2 ± 0.6 vs 5.1 ± 0.9 nmol diene · mg protein–1· min–1, p 〈 0.05). This study indicates that low-density lipoprotein from diabetic subjects is more susceptible to oxidation. This could, in vivo, accelerate foam-cell formation thereby increasing atherosclerotic risk in diabetic subjects. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1300–1306]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401762
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipoprotein composition in NIDDM: effects of dietary oleic acid on the composition, oxidisability and function of low and high density lipoproteins (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 667-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low density lipoprotein oxidation ; low density lipoprotein fatty acids ; lipid peroxidation ; conjugated dienes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is related to the fatty acid composition which is altered in diabetes mellitus. This study examines the relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipoprotein oxidation. A group of nine non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients were compared to seven healthy control subjects before and after a high monounsaturated diet. Lipoproteins were isolated and oxidisability was measured by conjugated diene formation and lipid peroxide analysis. Serum HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the diabetic patients. LDL cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in the diabetic patients was significantly higher at baseline and decreased after diet (p 〈 0.05) while oleic acid increased in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p 〈 0.05). HDL cholesteryl ester oleic acid was lower in the diabetic patients compared with control subjects (p 〈 0.05) before diet and it increased significantly after diet (p 〈 0.05). LDL lipid peroxides and conjugated diene formation were related to LDL glycation (r = 0.46, p 〈 0.05 and r = 0.49, p 〈 0.05, respectively). Both decreased following diet (lipid peroxides for diabetic patients from 476 ± 30 to 390 ± 20 nmol/mg protein p 〈 0.05 and for control subjects from 350 ± 36 to 198 ± 30 nmol/mg protein p 〈 0.05). HDL conjugated diene formation decreased in both groups after diet but only significantly in the control group (55.4 ± 7.5 to 53.2 ± 6.7 nmol/mg protein for diabetic patients and 45.8 ± 6.4 to 31.6 ± 4.8 nmol/mg protein p 〈 0.05 for control subjects). There was a positive correlation between LDL lipid peroxide formation and percentage of cholesteryl ester linoleic acid in LDL from diabetic patients (r = 0.61, p 〈 0.05) and control subjects (r = 0.91, p 〈 0.01). Fatty acid composition of LDL was reflected in the composition of HDL. In the presence of HDL lipoprotein peroxidation decreased. This decrease in lipoprotein peroxidation was positively related to the percentage of linoleic acid in LDL (r = 0.71, p 〈 0.05). This study confirms the close relationship between the fatty acid composition of LDL and HDL and demonstrates the importance of the fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester fraction in relation to LDL oxidation in diabetes. Linoleic acid in HDL appears to be a protecting factor against oxidation. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 667–676]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050494
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and dietary cholesterol in chylomicron production in diabetes (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 944-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Chylomicron composition ; apolipoprotein B48 ; microsomal triglyceride transfer protein.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to examine factors involved in chylomicron production in the streptozotocin diabetic rat, our hypothesis being that the synthesis of the chylomicron is abnormal in diabetes. Methods. Diabetic rats (n = 20) were paired with control rats (n = 20). Cholesterol emulsion was given by gavage and the lymph duct was cannulated. Lymph was collected for 4 h. Chylomicrons were prepared from the lymph by ultracentrifugation. Lymph apolipoprotein B48 was isolated by gradient gel electrophoresis and quantified by densitometric scanning. Intestinal microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA was measured by solution hybridisation nuclease protection, using a rat specific [32P]-labelled cRNA probe. Results. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol were greatly increased in diabetic compared with control animals (258 ± 77 and 8.9 ± 6.4 mg/ml vs 1.04 ± 0.37 and 0.54 ± 0.03 mg/ml, p 〈 0.0001). Lymph chylomicron triglyceride and cholesterol were also higher in diabetic rats (29.4 ± 27.3 and 0.28 ± 0.3 mg/h vs 16.8 ± 10.6 and 0.18 ± 0.09 mg/h, p 〈 0.05). Lymph chylomicron apo B48 was similar in the two groups. Intestinal microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA was higher in the diabetic rats (12.6 ± 3.2 vs 3.8 ± 3.0 amol/μg RNA, p 〈 0.0001) and there was a positive correlation between lymph triglyceride and microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA in the whole group (r = 0.65, p 〈 0.01). Conclusion/interpretation. The study shows that microsomal triglycerol transfer protein mRNA is raised in diabetes without an increase in apolipoprotein B48 in the lymph suggesting that microsomal triglycerol transfer protein regulates chylomicron triglyceride content but not particle number. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 944–948]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051252
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in apolipoprotein B-48 in the postprandial state in NIDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1259-1264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Apolipoprotein B-48 ; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins ; NIDDM ; cholesterol ; triglyceride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intestine is a major site of cholesterol synthesis and produces apolipoprotein B-48, which is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption and secretion. The purpose of this study was to examine postprandial changes in apolipoprotein B-48 in diabetes. Six non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and six non-diabetic control subjects were given a high-fat meal (1300 kcal) and blood samples were taken pre- and postprandially, from which the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (density〈1.006 g/ml). Apolipoprotein B-48 was separated on 4–15% gradient gels and quantified as a percentage of the fasting concentration by densitometric scanning. Total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction, blood glucose, and serum insulin were also measured. Diabetic patients exhibited a postprandial triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein B-48 profile significantly different from that of control subjects (p〈0.05). The triglyceride and total protein concentration in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction mirrored the post-prandial profile and apolipoprotein B-48 in both groups. Significantly different patterns for triglyceride (p〈0.02) and total protein (p〈0.05) following the fat-rich meal were observed in the two groups. Fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol and total apolipoprotein B were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (p〈0.05). Since apolipoprotein B-48 is the structural protein of intestinally-derived lipoprotein particles, these studies suggest an abnormality in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399800
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