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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 773-780 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Streptococci ; Septicemia ; Acute leukemia ; High dose cytosine arabinoside
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-nine adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia AML who received 40 treatment courses with high dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-A), alone or combined with other cytotoxic drugs, for remission induction (RI) or postremission intensive consolidation (IC) were retrospectively analysed for types and severity of infectious complications. In this paper, we report the unusually high rate of streptococcal septicemia in our patients. Of 13 bacteremic infections in a total of 45 infectious episodes, 10 were caused by streptococci (9 viridans streptococci, 1 group B hemolytic streptococcus). Three of them were lethal. After reviewing all documented cases of streptococcal septicemia in the same study period, four additional cases among adult patients with AML were identified. Three of them have had antileukemic chemotherapy without HD-A, while one have had HD-A as a conditioning regimen for bone marrow transplantation. Only three cases were documented to occur in adult patients with AML. Patients treated with HD-A for RI or IC had a significantly lower risk of streptococcal septicemia during previous chemotherapy-associated febrile neutropenic episodes (1/55 vs 10/45;P=0.01). Neither prophylactic regimens including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nor those without it were effective in preventing streptococcal septicemia. Further studies are needed to confirm these data before the value of additional or alternative prophylactic antibiotics is proven necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Germ cell tumors ; Gonadal toxicity ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The impact of aggressive chemotherapy on reproductive and endocrine gonadal function was prospectively studied in 44 patients with germ cell tumors. Diagnostic procedures to determine gonadal toxicity consisted of hormone determinations, semen analyses, interviews with a standardized questionnaire, and gonadal histology. After chemotherapy all patients showed elevated serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and azoospermia due to germ cell and stem cell loss. Recovery of spermatogenesis, as indicated by normalization of serum FSH levels and sperm density, occurred in 77% of the patients 25–60 months after cessation of chemotherapy. In all patients serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) values remained within normal limits after therapy indicating resistance of Leydig cells to cytotoxic drugs. Three patients fathered four healthy children after completion of chemotherapy. These data suggest significant reproductive dysfunction in all men treated for germ cell tumors. However, most patients showed late and complete recovery of spermatogenesis. In contrast, endocrine gonadal function was unaffected after chemotherapy in all patients. FSH and LH are feasible markers to assess drug-induced gonadal toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 56 (1988), S. 45-46 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Haemolytic anaemia ; Wilson's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Common manifestations of Wilson's disease are disorders of the liver and brain. A rare complication of this inherited disease is acute intravascular haemolytic anaemia. We report the case of a 33-year old female patient who was admitted to the hospital with acute haemolysis as the initial symptom of Wilson's disease. The haemolysis preceded the definitive diagnosis by 20 months. It is concluded that in any case of unclear haemolytic anaemia, especially in adolescents or in young adults, Wilson's disease should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 53 (1986), S. 279-286 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma ; Burkitt's Lymphoma ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From 6/79 until 2/86, 9 patients (median age 39) with Burkitt's lymphoma were treated. Stage D disease was seen in 7 cases, stage C in two and stage A in one. The main symptom was abdominal pain or a rapidly progressing abdominal tumor. Three patients had bone marrow involvement and two had a Burkitt's leukemia. Three had typical chromosomal aberrations. Therapy consisted of a variety of chemotherapy regimens plus additional radiotherapy and/or bulk surgery. Two patients achieved complete remissions (of 6 and 20+ months duration), and 4 partial remissions were obtained. The remaining patients had either progressive, drug resistant disease or died early. One patient is currently alive and in complete remission at 20+ months. A second patient is alive at 20+ months in partial remission with traces of IgM-paraprotein still detectable. The main causes of death were tumor-lysis syndrom (4 patients) and therapy related sepsis with progressive tumor (3 patients). This poor outcome is probably due to a high proportion of high-risk patients and suboptimal therapy for this rapidly proliferating tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 41 Patienten mit malignen hämatologischen Systemerkrankungen oder schwerer Panmyelopathie wurden mit einer allogenen oder syngenen Knochenmarktransplantation behandelt und erhielten zur Infektprophylaxe während der Phase der Granulozytopenie entweder eine totale Dekontamination in strikt reverser Isolation (ITD, 26 Patienten) oder eine selektive Dekontamination des Gastrointestinaltraktes mit „barrier nursing“ (SD, 15 Patienten). Die Patienten wurden ausgewertet bezüglich erworbener Infektionen, Fiebertagen, Tagen unter antibiotischer Therapie und dem Bedarf an Granulozytentransfusionen 48 Stunden nach Beginn der Dekontamination bis zum Erreichen von 1000 Granulozyten/µl. Zehn von 26 Patienten mit ITD blieben frei von Fieberepisoden und Infektionen, während alle Patienten mit SD Infektionen entwickelten (p 〈 0.001). Während der Phase der Granulozytopenie hatten Patienten der Gruppe ITD weniger Fiebertage, waren seltener unter systemischer Antibiotikatherapie und erhielten weniger häufig Granulozytentransfusionen im Vergleich zu Patienten der Gruppe SD. Beide Methoden waren sehr effektiv in der Prophylaxe gramnegativer Infektionen, Infektionen durchStaphylococcus aureus und Pilzinfektionen. In keiner Gruppe trat eine tödliche Infektion auf. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen, daß mit ITD im Vergleich zu SD eine effizientere antimikrobielle Prophylaxe bei Patienten mit Knochenmarktransplantation möglich ist.
    Notes: Summary Fourty-one patients with haematological malignancies or severe aplastic anaemia underwent allogeneic or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation and received one of two forms of infection prophylaxis while granulocytopenic: total decontamination in strict reverse isolation (ITD, 26 patients) or selective decontamination of the digestive tract with barrier nursing (SD, 15 patients). The patients were evaluated for infection acquisition, fever days, days on systemic antibiotics and granulocyte transfusions from 48 hours after the beginning of the decontamination procedure until 1,000 granulocytes/µl have been reached. Ten of 26 patients of the ITD group remained free of febrile episodes and infections, whereas all patients of the SD group acquired infections (p 〈 0.001). During granulocytopenia patients of the ITD group had fewer fever days, were less frequently on systemic antibiotics and received fewer granulocyte transfusions as compared with the SD group. Both methods were obviously very effective in preventing gram-negative infections, infections caused byStaphylococcus aureus and infections due to yeasts or fungi. No death due to infection occurred in either group. However, the data of this study provide evidence that ITD is a more effective antimicrobial prophylaxis in bone marrow transplant recipients than SD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer randomisierten Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit von zwei Verfahren der Infektionsprophylaxe an Patienten mit akuten Leukämien untersucht. Die Patienten erhielten entweder eine Kombination nicht resorbierbarer Antibiotika (Colistin und Neomycin) oder eine Kombination resorbierbarer und nicht resorbierbarer antimikrobieller Substanzen (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol [TMP-SMZ] und Colistin). Zur Pilzprophylaxe wurde in beiden Gruppen Amphotericin B oral eingesetzt. Beide Gruppen unterschieden sich nicht signifikant hinsichtlich des Anteils von Patienten mit erworbenen Infektionen und hinsichtlich des Zeitintervalls bis zur ersten erworbenen Infektion (p〉0,05). Septikämien traten bei neun von 49 Patienten auf, die Colistin und Neomycin erhielten, aber nur bei einem von 56 Patienten, die mit TMP-SMZ und Colistin behandelt wurden (p=0,03). Lokale Infektionen und Fieberepisoden ohne nachgewiesene Infektionen waren gleich häufig in beiden Gruppen. Die Häufigkeit von Fiebertagen und Tagen, an denen parenterale Antibiotika verabeicht wurden, war in der Gruppe, die TMP-SMZ und Colistin erhielt, signifikant geringer (p〈0,05). Kein signifikanter Unterschied fand sich bei der Dauer der schweren Granulozytopenie und Thrombozytopenie (p〉0,05).
    Notes: Summary In a prospective study patients with acute leukemia undergoing remission induction therapy were randomized to receive either a regimen of non-absorbable antimicrobial drugs (colistin and neomycin) or of absorbable and non-absorbable drugs (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SMZ] and colistin) for antibacterial prophylaxis. For antifungal prophylaxis patients in both groups were given oral amphotericin B. The proportion of patients without acquired infections and the median of study time to the first acquired infection did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups (p〉0.05). Septicemias occurred in nine out of 49 recipients of colistin and neomycin and in one out of 56 patients receiving TMP-SMZ and colistin (p=0.03). Localized infections and fever episodes without proven infections were equally distributed between the two groups. The incidence of febrile days and of days on parenteral antibiotic therapy was significantly lower in the group given TMP-SMZ and colistin (p〈0.05). The duration of severe granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia did not differ significantly between the two groups (p〉0.05).
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 15 (1987), S. 427-432 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Wert einer Behandlung mit Ofloxacin (2 × 200 mg täglich) für die sogenannte selektive Dekontamination und Infektionsprophylaxe bei Granulozytopenie wurde bei 40 Patienten mit akuter Leukämie, akuter Phase einer CML, Haarzell-Leukämie oder schwerer aplastischer Anämie untersucht. Es kam zu einer akzeptablen Qualität der selektiven Dekontamination mit Elimination von Enterobacteriaceae in der Darmflora und einer nur geringen Verringerung in der Anaerobier-Konzentration im Stuhl. Die Auswertung von 672 Überwachungskulturen aus Rachenspülung, Stuhl und Urin zeigte eine kleine Zahl von neu entdeckten transienten (zwölf Isolate bei sieben Patienten) oder kolonisierenden (sechs Stämme mit 28 Isolaten bei vier Patienten) aeroben gramnegativen Bakterien und vonStaphylococcus aureus (ein Isolat). Zwei von drei Patienten mit Nachweis von kolonisierenden Ofloxacin-resistentenPseudomonas aeruginosa entwickelten Pseudomonas-Infektionen. Insgesamt wurden zwölf erworbene Infektionen beobachtet, davon sechs mikrobiologisch dokumentierte Infektionen, die alle durch Ofloxacin-resistente Erreger hervorgerufen wurden (zweiP. aeruginosa, zweiStaphylococcus epidermidis, einAerococcus viridans, einMicrococcus sp.). Die Verträglichkeit der Behandlung war gut. Schwere Nebenwirkungen traten nicht auf. Die gemessenen Konzentrationen von Ofloxacin in Serum und Speichel waren vergleichbar zwischen Patienten und gesunden Kontrollen. Sie waren im Speichel höher als im Serum. Ofloxacin sollte zur Prophylaxe bakterieller Infektionen bei Granulozytopenie als eine mögliche geeignete Alternative zu Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol weiter untersucht werden. Das Risiko einer Koloniserung durch Ofloxacin-resistente Pseudomonaden muß dabei beachtet werden.
    Notes: Summary We studied the potential value of oral ofloxacin (200 mg twice daily) for selective decontamination and infection prevention in 40 granulocytopenic patients with acute leukemia, blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia, hairy cell leukemia or severe aplastic anemia. The quality of selective decontamination was acceptable with rapid elimination of Enterobacteriaceae from the alimentary tract, only a slight decrease in concentrations of anaerobes in faeces, and a small number of newly acquired transient (twelve isolates in seven patients) or colonizing (six strains with 28 isolates in four patients) aerobic gram-negative rods andStaphylococcus aureus (one isolate) recovered from 672 surveillance cultures from faeces, oral washings and urine. Two of three patients colonized with ofloxacin-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa strains developed Pseudomonas infections. A total of twelve acquired infections was observed. Six were microbiologically documented infections, all caused by ofloacin-resistant bacteria (twoP. aeruginosa, twoStaphylococcus epidermidis, oneAerococcus viridans, oneMicrococcus sp.). Tolerance was acceptable with no serious side effects observed. Mean drug concentrations in serum and saliva were comparable to those determined in healthy volunteers and were found to be higher in saliva than in serum. We conclude that ofloxacin may be studied as an effective alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for selective decontamination and infection prevention in severely granulocytopenic patients. Careful monitoring of colonizingPseudomonas spp. with decreased ofloxacin sensitivity, however, seems necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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