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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Chronic hepatic porphyria ; Porphyria cutanea tarda ; Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase defect ; Hereditary and non-hereditary disturbance ; Liver and erythrocytes ; Chronic liver disease ; Family studies ; Chronische hepatische Porphyrie ; Porphyria cutanea tarda ; Uroporphyrinogen-Decarboxylasedefekt ; hereditäre und nicht-hereditäre Störung ; Leber und Erythrozyten ; chronischer Leberschaden ; Familienstudien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die chronische hepatische Porphyrie (CHP) als chronische hepatische Störung des Porphyrinstoffwechsels ist mit einem chronischen Leberschaden regelmäßig assoziiert, kommt in latenten und manifesten Phasen vor und führt bei ihrer klinischen Manifestation zu Hautsymptomen: Porphyria cutanea tarda. Die primäre enzymatische Störung betrifft die Uroporphyrinogen-Decarboxylase (UD; EC 4.1.1.37). Das Enzym wurde bei 107 Patienten mit „sporadischer“ CHP (29 Frauen, 78 Männer) in den Erythrozyten, darunter bei 17 CHP-Patienten (12 latent, 5 manifest) auch im Lebergewebe untersucht. Die hepatische UD-Aktivität war in allen Fällen um 39 bis 57% gegenüber Kontrollen vermindert (p〈0,001). Die Aktivität der UD in den Erythrozyten in 47 Fällen (44%) um 30 bis 55% gegenüber den Kontrollen erniedrigt (p〈0,001). In dieser Gruppe befanden sich 70 Patienten (darunter 30% Frauen) mit klinisch manifester CHP, von denen 43% (12 Frauen, 18 Männer) eine deutlich herabgesetzte UD-Aktivität in den Erythrozyten gegenüber einer Kontrollgruppe (n=96) aufwiesen (p〈0,001). Bei Patienten mit diesem Enzymbefund wird eine hereditäre Anlage angenommen, die erst im Zusammenwirken mit einem Leberschaden, mit Alkohol und/oder östrogenen zu pathobiochemischen und klinisch-dermatologischen Symptomen führt. Haut- und Leberbefunde sind bei der hereditären und nicht-hereditären Form der CHP nicht verschieden. Familienstudien bei der hereditären CHP lassen einen autosomal dominanten Erbgang des Enzymdefekts in den Erythrozyten und latente CHP-Phasen anhand pathologischer Porphyrinurien bei Familienangehörigen erkennen. Nach den vorliegenden Untersuchungen scheinen ca. 40% der „sporadischen“, also nicht-familiär auftretenden Fälle von CHP hereditär vorbedingt zu sein, wobei der UD-Defekt bei der hereditären Form außer in der Leber auch in nicht-hepatischen Zellen vorhanden ist. Eine Störung der hepatischen UD ist generelle Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung einer CHP. Für das Vorkommen einer nicht-hereditären, erworbenen, hepatotoxischen Form spricht, unabhängig von dieser Studie, die chemisch durch Hexachlorbenzol induzierbare CHP bei Mensch und Tier, die pathobiochemisch der nicht-hereditären CHP bei Alkohol-Leber-Syndromen analog ist. Bei 5–10% aller chronischen Leberkranken ist mit einer CHP zu rechnen. Mit Porphyrinbiochemogrammen im Urin werden nicht nur manifeste, sondern auch latente Formen der CHP am sichersten diagnostiziert.
    Notes: Summary Chronic hepatic porphyria (CHP), as a chronic hepatic disturbance of porphyrin metabolism, is regularly associated with chronic liver damage. It appears in latent and manifest stages and in the clinical manifestation leads to cutaneous symptoms: porphyria cutanea tarda. The primary enzymatic disturbance involves uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UD; EC 4.1.1.37). The enzyme was studied in 107 patients with “sporadic” CHP (29 women, 78 men) in red cells, and in 17 CHP patients (12 latent, 5 manifest) in liver biopsy tissue, too. The hepatic UD activity was diminished by 39–57% in all cases compared to controls (p〈0.001). The activity of red cell UD in 47 cases (44%) had decreased by 30 to 55% compared to the controls (p〈0.001). In this group, there were 70 patients (of which 30% women) with clinically manifest CHP, of which 43% (12 women, 18 men) presented a marked decrease in UD activity in erythrocytes, compared to the control group (n=96);p〈0.001). In patients with this enzyme level one supposes an inherited predisposition to be present which only becomes apparent with concommitant liver damage, alcohol and/or estrogens, leading to pathobiochemical and clinical-dermatological symptoms. Skin and liver findings are not different in both inherited and non-inherited forms of CHP. Family studies allow to detect, in hereditary CHP, an autosomal dominant genetical defect of the enzyme in erythrocytes, and to detect latent CHP phases in relatives on the base of pathological porphyrinurias. According to the studies made up to now, about 40% of „sporadic“, i.e. not family bound cases of CHP, seem to have inherited predisposition; the UD defect in the hereditary form is found not only in the liver but also in extra-hepatic cells. A disturbance of hepatic UD is a general premise for the development of a CHP. The occurrence of the non-inherited, acquired, hepatotoxic form is proved, apart from this study, by the inducibility of CHP in man and animals chemically by means of hexachlorobenzene. Pathobiochemically it is analogue to non-inherited CHP in alcohol liver syndromes. In 5 to 10% of all chronic liver patients one must reckon with a CHP. Porphyrin biochemograms of urine allow the safest diagnosis not only of manifest, but also of latent forms of CHP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Pityriasis rubra pilaris ; Histochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) were analyzed by means of light and electron microscopy as well as by histochemistry and autoradiography. The results were compared with findings in psoriasis vulgaris. In PRP we found a moderate increase of the labeling index of epidermal cells, a highly increased labeling index of dermal infiltrating cells, and a mild spongiosis, and in the stratum granulosum, a decreased number of tonofilaments and an increased number of keratinosomes. The horny layer in PRP showed a pronounced histochemical and electron microscopical parakeratosis, even when histological parakeratosis was absent. In contrast with psoriasis vulgaris, there was no exocytosis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes into the epidermis, the papillomatosis index was normal, and there were no tortuous capillaries in the dermal papillae. The stratum granulosum was always present and sometimes thickened, showing electron microscopical changes different from those referred to in psoriasis. These changes point to a relatively distinct pattern of epidermal changes in PRP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: T-lymphocyte subsets ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Psoriasis vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cryostat tissue sections from skin lesions of 16 patients suffering from chronic stationary psoriasis vulgaris were assayed for the presence of distinct T-cell subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies. Using two pan-T surface markers (M-T 4–11 and Lyt 3) the total number of infiltrating T-cells was measured. This cell population was further dissected into Leu 3a (helper/inducer) and M-T 8–11 (cytotoxic/suppressor) positive subsets. Percentages of T-cell subpopulations were within the ranges found in healthy peripheral blood and were thus regarded as normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 111 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a retrospective study of 503 well-documented cases of primary malignant melanoma (stage I) clinical criteria were analysed for their prognostic relevance. The maximum elevation (in mm) of the tumour was found to be the most important single prognostic factor. There was a close association with tumour thickness, measured histologically by the method of Breslow (correlation coefficient=0·73). A combination of elevation and three additional clinical criteria (site, nodule- or lesion-diameter, and surface defects such as erosion, ulceration or bleeding) allowed a further improvement in prognostic accuracy. This clinical classification into low-risk and high-risk melanomas was as effective as the use of tumour thickness measured histologically, and can therefore be used for the preoperative planning of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 6 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three hundred and sixteen patients with cutaneous lymphoreticular proliferations were studied using enzyme-cytochemical and immunological techniques. Cell typing was performed using enzyme histochemistry, whilst B-cell and T-cell differentiation was achieved using surface markers, resetting and other techniques. These findings were then correlated with histopathology and cytomorphology.In the light of these data, the clinical, histological and cytological features of cutaneous lymphomas have been re-interpreted and classified. The principal findings were as follows:(1) Historically in the skin a T-cell, B-cell and a non B-/non T-cell pattern can be differentiated.(2) According to the Kiel classification malignant lymphomas of low grade malignancy (small lymphoid cells) and of high grade malignancy (large lymphoid cells) can be differentiated; further sub-classification is made into B-cell and T-cell types.(3) Tumours formerly diagnosed as malignant reticulosis and as reticulosarcoma of the skin need redefinition. Based on cytological criteria various sub-types can now be differentiated.(4) Malignant lymphomas with primary skin manifestations of both B-cell types and T-cell types have an almost identical incidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 110 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Axillary skin biopsies from fifteen patients with axillary hyperhidrosis who had received long-term treatment with aqueous aluminium chloride solution were examined histologically. The apocrine glands were normal, but the eccrine glands showed conspicuous morphological changes of varying severity. These included vacuolization of the secretory epithelium, dilatation of eccrine acini with atrophy of secretory cells, and accumulation of PAS-positive, diastase-resistant material in the dilated lumen of the secretory coils. The histological changes correlated in most patients with decreased secretion of sweat. We conclude that long-term blockage of the distal acrosyringium due to aluminium salts may lead to functional and structural degeneration of the eccrine acini.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 111 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vitamin A and several other retinoids were added to fibroblast cultures in order to study possible alterations in biochemical properties and cellular responsiveness. The proliferation of cells was inhibited as the concentration of retinoids increased from 10-9 to 10-5mol/l. Synthesis of non-collagenous proteins and production of both type I and type III collagen were decreased. The onset of type III collagen synthesis by tendon fibroblasts in culture was delayed. Furthermore, the chemotactic response of fibroblasts to fibroblast-conditioned medium was markedly reduced in the presence of retinoids (10−6 to 10−12 mol/l).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 393-396 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Collagen ; Localized scleroderma ; Fibroblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synthesis of collagen and non-collagenous proteins was measured in fibroblast cultures derived from different layers of the dermis from a patient with an early stage of localized scleroderma. Increased synthesis of collagen was found in fibroblasts grown from the subcutaneous fat of this patient, whereas cells obtained from the papillary dermis revealed normal metabolism. These data agree with the results obtained in previous experiments with cells derived from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis in primary culture, thus indicating that the two diseases have a common pathomechanism. Several subcultures of the activated fibroblast populations were also studied. Normal collagen synthesis in these cultures was observed after the fifth passage, probably indicating selection of cell populations or loss of the previous phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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