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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: LIver fibrosis ; N-terminal peptide of procollagen type III ; N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase ; Procollagen prolyl hydroxylase ; Antifibrotic therapy ; Leberfibrose ; N-terminales Peptid des Prokollagen Typ III ; N-Acetyl-β-Glucosaminidase ; Prokollagen-Prolyl-Hydroxylase ; Antifibrotische Therapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im zweiten Teil dieser Übersicht werden die klinischen Aspekte des Bindegewebsstoffwechsels in der fibrotischen Leber dargestellt. Besonders eingegangen wird auf die Möglichkeit, die Aktivität der Leberfibrose durch neuere Laborproben zur Erfassung von Enzymen und Metaboliten des Bindegewebsstoffwechsels zu verfolgen. Für diesen Zweck geeignet erscheinen die Enzyme Prokollagen-Prolyl-Hydroxylase, die lysosomale N-Acetyl-β-Glucosaminidase und das N-terminale Peptid vom Prokollagen Typ III. Die Aktivitäten bzw. Konzentrationen im Serum von Patienten mit chronisch aktiven Leberkrankheiten korrelieren gut mit der histologisch geschätzten Aktivität der Fibrose im punktierten Lebergewebe der gleichen Patienten. Weiterhin werden die therapeutischen Versuche zur Behandlung der Leberfibrose mit bindegewebsspezifischen Substanzen besprochen.
    Notes: Summary In this second part, clinical aspects of connective tissue metabolism in the liver will be described and two main aspects considered. The first is the possibility to monitor the activity of fibrosis by the use of metabolites and enzymes of connective tissue metabolism. In recent studies the qualification for this purpose of enzymes such as procollagen prolyl hydroxylase and lysosomal N-Acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and the N-terminal peptide of procollagen type III has been tested. The serum activities or concentrations of these substances in patients with chronic active liver diseases increase in due relation to the histologically estimated activity of liver fibrosis. The second aspect deals with therapeutic approaches to fibrosis in the liver by using connective tissue specific agents. So far none of the antifibrotic substances such as proline analogues, colchicine, lathyrogens and penicillamine has been used in longer-term antifibrotic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 369-372 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Fibronectin ; Hemoperfusion ; Drug intoxication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibronectin is a glycoprotein belonging to the opsonic system and able to mediate phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Severe intoxications are often followed by a diminished capacity of RES-clearance. Patients with severe drug intoxications have lower concentrations of fibronectin in plasma than healthy persons. Charcoal hemoperfusion lowers plasma fibronectin by an average of 4.7 mg/dl. Initial values below 15 mg/dl did not undergo a significant decrease in the case of hemoperfusion. Regarding these findings, determination of plasma fibronectin seems a useful parameter for monitoring RES function during treatment of drug-intoxicated patients by hemoperfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 767-779 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Connective tissue ; Collagen metabolism ; Structural glycoproteins ; Liver fibrosis ; Bindegewebe ; Kollagenstoffwechsel ; strukturelle Glykoproteine ; Leberfibrose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil dieser Übersicht werden die Chemie, das Vorkommen im Gewebe und der Stoffwechsel bindegewebstypischer extrazellulärer Komponenten in der Leber beschrieben. Die normale Leber enthält Proteine des Bindegewebes (Kollagene, Struktur-Glykoproteine, Proteoglykane) nicht nur in den Gefäßwänden, den perivasculären Bereichen und in der Kapsel, sondern sie sind auch im Parenchym in geringer Menge, vor allem im Disse'schen Raum entlang den Sinusoiden nachweisbar. Die „interstitiellen“ Kollagentypen I und III bilden die Hauptmenge des Kollagens sowohl in der normalen als auch in der fibrotischen Leber; dabei ist der relative Anteil an Typ III in der fibrotischen gegenüber der normalen Leber erhöht. Die „Basalmembrankollagene“ Type IV und V sowie die cysteinreichen kollagenen Komponenten 7 S und das Kurzkettenkollagen (Intimenkollagen) konnten aus nach limitiertem Pepsinabbau gewonnenen Extrakten isoliert werden. In der normalen Leber sind die Basalmembrankollagene im Parenchym immunhistologisch kaum nachzuweisen; ein verstärktes Auftreten entlang der Sinusoide ist jedoch schon in frühen Stadien chronischer Lebererkrankungen sichtbar. Das extrazelluläre Glykoprotein Fibronectin tritt in der Leber in einer dem Typ I und III Kollagen sehr ähnlichen Verteilung auf, während das basalmembranspezifische Glykoprotein Laminin in der nicht-fibrotischen Leber auf Gefäßwände und Gallengangepithelien beschränkt ist und erst bei Fibrose auch in parenchymalen Bereichen nachgewiesen werden kann. Proteoglykane treten in der fibrotischen Leber ebenfalls vermehrt auf, eine Veränderung der Zusammensetzung der Glykosaminoglykane von überwiegend Heparansulfat in der normalen zu Dermatan-und Chondroitinsulfat in der fibrotischen Leber wurde beobachtet. Unklarheit besteht noch über den Zelltyp, der hauptsächlich zur vermehrten Bindegewebsbildung in der Leber beiträgt. Vermehrtes Auftreten von Zellen, die glatten Muskelzellen ähneln (Myofibroblasten) in den Septen fibrotischer Lebern und der Befund, daß aus Explantaten fibrotischer Lebern hauptsächlich ähnliche Zellen auswachsen, die eine aktive Kollagensynthese zeigen, können auf die Bedeutung dieses Zelltyps für die Fibrose hindeuten.
    Notes: Summary The first part of this review describes the chemistry, the occurrence and the metabolism of extracellular connective tissue components in the liver. The normal liver contains typical connective tissue proteins (collagens, structural glycoproteins and proteoglycans) not only in vessel walls, perivascular areas and in the capsule, but they occur also in small amounts in the parenchyma, mainly in the space of Disse along the sinusoidal walls. The “interstitial” collagens type I and III represent the major amount of collagen in the normal as well as in the fibrotic liver, showing a relative increase of type III in fibrosis. Basement membrane collagens type IV and V as well as the cysteine-rich collagenous components “7 S collagen” and “short chain collagen” have been shown to occur in extracts prepared after limited pepsin digestion. In the normal liver, basement membrane collagen can hardly be detected within the parenchyma by immunofluorescence microscopy; increased occurrence, however, can be shown along the sinusoids even in early stages of chronic liver diseases. The glycoprotein fibronectin was shown to be distributed very similarly to collagens type I and III, whereas the basement membrane specific glycoprotein laminin is restricted to vessel walls and the epithelial layer of bile ductuli in the normal liver but is also found in the parenchyma in fibrosis. Occurrence of proteoglycans is increased in fibrosis: a change in the composition of glycosaminoglycans from mainly heparan sulfate in the normal to dermatan- and chondroitin sulfate in the fibrotic liver was observed. It is not yet clear which cell type is mainly responsible for increased connective tissue synthesis in fibrosis. The occurrence of cells resembling smooth muscle cells (“myofibroblasts”) in connective tissue septa of fibrotic livers and the fact that similar cells which actively synthesize collagen grow from explants of fibrotic livers may indicate the significance of this cell type in the process of liver fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 104 (1982), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Ewing's sarcoma ; Type IV collagen ; Factor-VIII-associated protein ; Endothelial differentiation ; Electron microscopy ; Immunofluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six cases of Ewing's sarcoma were investigated by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. A layer of basement membrane-like deposits was found between typical principal and secondary tumor cells. To clarify the nature of these ultrastructural deposits, antibodies against collagen type IV were applied to frozen sections of corresponding tumor tissue. This reaction revealed type IV collagen as a regular component of basement membranes in nonneoplastic tumor capillaries, but it was equally able to localize collagen type IV between single tumor cells in capillary-free areas. With the same method, factor-VIII-associated protein, predominantly found in endothelial cells, could be demonstrated in some tumor cells. These results demonstrate that, in addition to anaplastic cells, some tumor cells are found in Ewing's sarcoma that share certain differentiating features with the endothelial cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 106 (1983), S. 234-239 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Collagen types ; Immunofluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen cases of typical highly malignant osteosarcoma were investigated by light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate the presence of collagen types I–III. It was shown that, in light-microscopically anaplastic areas of the tumor, collagen type III predominates, while only very few membranes of collagen type I are observed. Ultrastructurally, the cells are characterized by numerous free ribosomes in their cytoplasm and only a few membranes of granular endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In osteoblastic areas, collagen type I is increased, while type-III collagen is decreased. The cytoplasm of cells contains markedly more granular ER. An increasing mineralization of matrix is observed. In fibroblastic areas of the tumors, collagen types I and III are codistributed. Tumor cells have a fibroblast appearance with elongated nuclei and well developed granular ER. The chondroblastic areas, characterized by immature neoplastic cartilage, contain varying amounts of collagen type II. Chondroblast-like tumor cells have typical ring-shaped membranes of granular ER in their cytoplasm. The evidence of different collagen types in osteosarcomas lends additional support to the concept that a pluripotent mesenchymal cell is the stem cell of osteosarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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