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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Akute Virushepatitis ; „Hippie“-Hepatitis ; Chronisch persistierende Hepatitis ; Chronisch aggressive Hepatitis ; Hepatitis unter Immunsuppression ; Hepatitis B Antigen-Carrierstatus ; Immunfluorescenz-Methode zur anti-HBcAg-Bestimmung ; Acute viral hepatitis ; “Hippie” hepatitis ; Chronic persistent hepatitis ; Chronic aggressive hepatitis ; Hepatitis under immunosuppression ; Hepatitis B antigen carrier state ; Immunofluorescence method for anti-HBcAg determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The occurrence of anti-HBcAg antibodies in the blood as determined by indirect immunofluorescence and its relation to the occurrence of HBsAg in the cytoplasm and of HBcAg and IgG in the nuclei of hepatocytes were studied in the following groups of patients (total of 123 biopsies): I. 64 HBAg-negative patients with various liver diseases; II. 51 HBAg-positive patients without therapeutical immunosuppression (6 acute hepatitis, 10 nonspecific reactive and 10 chronic persistent hepatitis, 19 chronic aggressive hepatitis, 6 „Hippie“-hepatitis); III. 8 kidney transplant recipients. It could be shown that nuclear IgG is found only if both parameters can be demonstrated at the same time: HBcAg in liver cell nuclei and anti-HBcAg antibodies in the serum in titers higher than 1:64. Accordingly, all types of hepatitis with excess formation of nuclear HBcAg (early phase of acute hepatitis, chronic aggressive hepatitis and chronic non-aggressive forms with generalized core formation, i.e. carrier state or chronic persistent hepatitis of the HBc type) may show nuclear fluorescence for IgG. All forms of hepatitis B without detectable core formation (acute hepatitis in the elimination phase, chronic nonaggressive hepatitis with isolated HBsAg expression, i.e. carrier state or chronic persistent hepatitis of the HBs type, posthepatitic phase) do not present nuclear IgG despite eventual anti-HBcAg formation. Finally, lack of anti-HBcAg or very low titers associated with lack of IgG in hepatocytic nuclei do not exclude generalized core formation in liver cell nuclei in chronic persistent hepatitis of effectively immunosuppressed patients. Although the demonstration of nuclear IgG has several diagnostic and prognostic consequences in common with the demonstration of HBcAg, a specific search for the core antigen in the tissue is needed for the correct appraisal of the HBcAg- and HBsAg tissue expression pattern and the associated disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit der indirekten Immunfluorescenz-Methode wurden anti-HBcAg-Antikörper im Blut bestimmt und ihr Vorkommen in Beziehung gesetzt zum Nachweis von HBsAg im Zytoplasma und HBcAg sowie IgG im Zellkern in Leberbiopsien von insgesamt 123 Probanden. Das Untersuchungskollektiv umfaßte 64 HBAg-seronegative Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Leberkrankheiten, 51 HBAg-seropositive Patientenohne therapeutische Immunsuppression (darunter histologisch 6 akute Hepatitis, 10 unspezifisch reaktive Hepatitis, 10 chronisch persistierende Hepatitis, 19 chronisch aggressive Hepatitis und 6 „Hippie“-Hepatitis) sowie 8 sero-positive immunsupprimierte Nierentransplantat-Empfänger. IgG war immer dann darstellbar, wenn gleichzeitig die Leberzellkerne positiv ausfielen für HBcAg und anti-HBcAg-Titer im Blut den Titerwert von 1:64 überstiegen. So ließen alle Hepatitisformen mit ausgeprägter nukleärer Core-Bildung, wie Frühphase der akuten Hepatitis, chronisch aggressive Hepatitis und nicht-aggressive Formen mit generalisierter HBcAg-Expression (z.B. chronisch persistierende Hepatitis oder Trägerstatus vom HBc-Typ) nukleäres IgG erkennen. Alle Varianten der Hepatitis Bohne faßbares HBcAg im Gewebe (akute Hepatitis in der Eliminationsphase oder posthepatitisch, chronisch persistierende Hepatitis und Trägerstatus vom HBs-Typ) hingegen waren negativ auf nukleäres IgG und zwar auch in Fällen mit nachweisbaren anti-HBc-Antikörpern im Blut. Bei effektivimmunsupprimierten Patienten mit chronisch persistierender Hepatitis schließlich war IgG im Gewebe negativ und die Bluttiter für anti-HBc waren negativ oder sehr niedrig, so daß in diesen Fällen eine generalisierte nukleäre Core-Expression nicht erfaßt werden konnte. Wenn auch dem Nachweis von IgG im Lebergewebe eine gewisse diagnostische und prognostische Bedeutung zuzusprechen ist, ist doch der spezifische Nachweis von HBcAg im Gewebe in der Ermittlung des HBc- und HBs-Ag-Expressionsmusters im Gewebe und damit in der korrekten Einstufung einer Hepatitis B-Virusinfektion überlegen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Fulminante Lebernekrose ; Hirnödem ; Mannitol ; Kohlehämoperfusion ; Leberzellregeneration ; Fulminant liver necrosis ; Brain edema ; Mannitol ; Charcoal hemoperfusion ; Liver cell regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The clinical course of a 26 year old female patient with acute liver necrosis and coma due to hepatitis B is reported. The disturbances of conciousness had improved. The patient survived 41 days after the beginning of the coma and developped livercell regeneration and an acute post-hepatitic liver cirrhosis. As a grave complication a septicemia with aspergillus was observed. The patient died because of gastro-intestinal hemorrhage. At autopsy there were no signs of brain edema. The treatment consisted in: daily infusions with coenzyme A, nicotinamid-adenin-dinucleotide, alpha lipoic acid and cocarboxylase to improve the metabolic disorders and the clinical picture; mannitol intravenously to prevent and to treat cerebral edema; 33 charcoal-hemoperfusions to remove toxic substances of acute liver failure. Treatment of the aspergillus infection with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericine B and infusion of concentrated ascites led to a decompensation of liver functions. From this observation the following conclusions can be drawn: after an acute viral hepatic necrosis, new synthetic functions and improvements of the disturbed intermediary metabolism in regenerated liver-cells can eventually be seen only after twenty-four to thirty days. With systematically applicated mannitol infusions it is possible to treat cerebral edema effectively.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird der Verlauf einer durch Hepatitis B bedingten, akuten Lebernekrose mit Coma bei einer 26jährigen Patientin beschrieben. Die Bewußtseinsstörung besserte sich. Die Patientin überlebte 41 Tage und entwickelte Leberzellregenerate und eine akute posthepatitische Leberzirrhose. Im Verlauf trat als schwere Komplikation eine Pilzsepsis auf. Die Patientin starb an einer Magendarmblutung. Bei der Autopsie fand sich kein Hirnödem. Die Behandlung beständ in täglichen Infusionen von Coenzym A, Nikotinamid-adenin-dinukleotid, alpha-Liponsäure und Cocarboxylase zur Besserung von metabolischen Störungen und klinischem Bild; Mannitol intravenös, zur Verhinderung und Behandlung des Hirnödems; 33 Kohlehämoperfusionen, zur Entfernung toxischer Substanzen. Behandlung der Aspergillus-Infektion mit 5-Fluorocytosin und Amphotericin B und Infusion des konzentrierten Ascites führten zu einer Dekompensation der Leberfunktionen. Aus dieser Beobachtung können folgende Schlüsse gezogen werden: Nach einer akuten viralen Lebernekrose kann es erst nach 24–30 Tagen zur Wiederaufnahme synthetischer Funktionen und zur Besserung des gestörten Intermediärstoffwechsels in regenerierten Leberzellen kommen. Mit systematischer Mannitol-Therapie ist es möglich, das Hirnödem wirksam zu bekämpfen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 6 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The H-2 restriction phenomenon was evaluated with regard to the immune response to Moloney sarcoma virus (M-MSV)-induced tumours in the mouse. Using an in vitro51Cr release assay the lytic activity of lymphocytes from M-MSV immune strains of mice, including several H-2 recombinant strains, was determined on leukaemic cell lines originally induced in mice of different strains by neconatal infection with Moloney leukaemia virus. In analogy with other experimental models, it was observed that a compatibility between effector and target cells at the K and/or D regions is generally necessary and sufficient to obtain the cytotoxic effect. However, for the H-2d and H-2b haplotypes, identity at the K or D region respectively was not sufficient for lysis to occur. Attempts to demonstrate that this lack of activity might be associated with the absence of H-2-linked Ir responder genes, were not successful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 251-263 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human liver ; Electron microscopy ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The stereologioal model and the base-line data of normal human liver needle biopsy-specimens are presented. Four reference systems were introduced: 1 cm3 of liver tissue, 1 cm3 of hepatoeyte, 1 cm3 of hepatocytic cytoplasm and the volume of an average “mononuclear” hepatocyte. The sampling was done at three levels of magnification (1,000 ×, 5,000 × and 10,000 ×). A lobular differentiation was not considered. The baseline data show strikingly small variations (s.e. less than 10%) within the individual biopsy specimen and within the group of four biopsies. There is no principal difference between human beings presented here, rats, mice and dogs. Only the mean individual volume of human hepatocytes is clearly larger than in rodents. The problems and limitations of stereological work on liver biopsy specimens are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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