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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 43 (1965), S. 701-704 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 45 (1967), S. 595-598 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit elektromagnetischen Strömungsmessern wurde der Blutdurchfluß während akuter intrakranieller Drucksteigerung in den freigelegten Aa. carotides und vertebrales von Affen gemessen. Gleichzeitig wurden die Druckwerte in den einzelnen Schädelhöhlen, Blutdruck, CO2-Konzentration in der Atmungsluft und Atembewegungen registriert. Ein lokalisierter raumfordernder Prozeß führt zu verschiedenen Druckwerten in den einzelnen intrakraniellen Abschnitten. Während der Aufblähung eines supratentoriellen Ballons besteht in der Regel ein Druckgefälle im Subduralraum von der ipsi- zur kontralateralen Großhirnhemisphäre und vom supra- zum infratentoriellen Raum, während bei einem infratentoriellen raumfordernden Prozeß der Druck über beiden Großhirnhemisphären gleichmäßiger ansteigt. Entsprechend den verschiedenen arteriovenösen Druckdifferenzen in den einzelnen Hirnabschnitten ist auch der Blutdruckfluß in den großen Hirnarterien verschienden. Die arteriovenösen Druckdifferenzen werden durch Lage und Ausdehnung des raumfordernden Prozesses mitbeeinflußt. Durch eine Verlagerung der Hirnsubstanz wird eine zusätzliche Drosselung der Hirndurchblutung infolge Abklemmung von Brückenvenen verursacht, die bei gleichmäßiger Druckerhöhung ohne Massenverschiebung weniger ins Gewicht fällt. Die experimentellen Resultate deuten darauf hin, daß die für die Größe der Hirndurchblutung wichtige Blutdruckerhöhung während akuter Hirndrucksteigerung eher eine Folge axialer Hirnstammtorsionen als einer allgemeinen Ischämie im infratentoriellen Raum ist. Außerdem spielen Stoffwechselfaktoren, namentlich die Anreicherung von CO2 während Atemstörungen, eine Rolle. Die Hirndurchblutung während akuter intrakranieller Drucksteigerungen durch einen lokalisierten raumfordernden Prozeß wird deshalb nicht durch einen einzelnen Faktor allein, sondern durch das Zusammenspiel verschiedener anatomischer, hämodynamischer und metabolischer Faktoren bestimmt. Bei fehlender Massenverschiebung ist die Korrelation zwischen Blutdruck, resp. arteriovenöser Druckdifferenz und Hirndurchblutung deshalb wesentlich besser als beim Vorliegen von Massenverschiebungen.
    Abstract: Résumé On a mesuré le flux sanguin lors d'une augmentation aiguë de la tension intracrânienne au moyen d'un appareil électromagnétique (flow meter) dans les carotides et artères vertébrales de singes. Simultanément on a enregistré les tensions dans les différentes cavités crâniennes, la tension artérielle, la concentration du CO2 dans l'air respiré et les mouvements respiratoires. Lors du gonflement d'un ballon supratentoriel on trouve en général une chute de tension dans l'espace sous-dural entre l'hémisphère ipsilatérale et la contralatérale, ou entre l'espace supra-tentoriel et infratentoriel. Un processus infratentoriel augmente la tension au-dessus des deux hémisphères d'une façon plus régulière. La variation du flux sanguin dans les grandes artères cérébrales correspond aux différentes variations de tension artérioveineuses. Celles-ci sont entre autre influencées par la localisation et l'ampleur de la tumeur. Un déplacement de substance cérébrale accentue la diminution du flux sanguin par un rétrécissement des veines cérébrales. Ce phénomène est moins net lors d'une augmentation régulière de la tension sans déplacement de masse cérébrale. Les résultats des expériences démontrent les faits suivants: s'il y a une augmentation aigüe de la tension intracrânienne, la torsion axiale du tronc cérébral est bien importante pour l'élévation de la tension artérielle (déterminant le flux sanguin), qu'une ischémie générale de l'espace infratentoriel. Des facteurs métaboliques, surtout l'augmentation du CO2 lors de troubles respiratoires, ont également une certaine influence. Dans l'accroissement aigu de la tension intracrânienne par une tumeur circonscrite, le flux sanguin cérébral n'est donc pas déterminé par un seul facteur, mais par une combinaison de différents éléments anatomiques, hémodynamiques et métaboliques. C'est pourquoi la corrélation entre tension artérielle et flux sanguin cérébral est nettement meilleure, lorsqu'il n'y a pas de déplacement de substance cérébrale.
    Notes: Conclusions and summary 1. In acute intracranial hypertension produced by localised masses in the supratentorial space, carotid and vertebral flow are influenced by complex anatomical, hemodynamic and metabolic factors. The most important factors are: the site of the mass which influences different pressure gradients, the mean blood pressure and the a-v pressure difference. The height of the intracranial pressure itself seems less important. No threshold was found for a level of intracranial pressure at which cerebral blood flow decreased. There was also no threshold for a-v pressure difference. 2. The rise in blood pressure during acute intracranial hypertension seems to be dependent on pressure gradients developed between different intracranial cavities rather than due to diffuse ischemia of the medulla. It is postulated that the factor responsible for the rise in blood pressure during intracranial hypertension is distortion of the brain stem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 46 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The consequences of a diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) were investigated using cases available from the voluntary surveillance scheme, EPIDERM. Cases of OCD reported from November 1994 to September 1995 were identified and sampled to give at least 100 cases of allergic, irritant and mixed OCD reported by consultant dermatologists (344 cases) and occupational physicians (377 cases). A questionnaire was sent to the reporting physician to elicit further information. 512 completed questionnaires were returned, of which 510 were eligible for analysis. Among cases reported by dermatologists (n = 286) and occupational physicians (n = 224), 7% (6.3%) had been unemployed and 16.8% (20.1%) had taken sick leave. 3 factors independently predicted time off work in a logistic regression analysis: age OR = 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05–1.49), allergic dermatitis OR = 1.77 (95% CI, 1.13–2.79) and medicolegal assessment OR = 4.42 (95% CI, 2.20–8.89). Overall, 15.7% did not improve clinically between the first and last visit. Those who did not improve had been exposed to the agent for longer (mean 7.6 years) than those who did (5.3 years) (p = 0.09). In patients ≤ 45 years, those reported to be atopic failed to improve (25.4%) more often than those not atopic (13.4%) (p = 0.04). The substantial numbers (21%) with time off work and with persistent dermatitis suggest that OCD continues to have a significant impact on workers and their employers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are the most common precipitants of asthma exacerbations. RV infection of bronchial epithelium results in local airway inflammation inducing eosinophil recruitment and activation. Induction of eosinophil chemoattractants could represent a central mechanism, as well as a prime target for intervention.Objective To assess the effect of RV infection on mRNA expression and production of eosinophil chemoattractants by bronchial epithelial cells in-vitro.Methods BEAS-2B cells were infected with major and minor RVs and the mRNA expression of IL-8, RANTES, MIP-1α, eotaxin, eotaxin-2, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MCP-4 was assessed by reverse transcription PCR. In cases where mRNA induction was observed, a fluoroimmunoassay was used to confirm protein production. To assess the virus-specificity of the observed reactions, cells were also exposed to inactivated RVs.Results RV infection was able to up-regulate mRNA expression of IL-8, RANTES, MIP-1α, eotaxin and eotaxin-2, did not affect MCP-4, while MCP-2 and MCP-3 were not expressed either at baseline or after virus infection. Protein production was confirmed for IL-8, RANTES and eotaxin, but not for MIP-1α. When RVs were inactivated cytokine up-regulation was almost completely lost.Conclusion Infection of bronchial epithelial cells with RVs results in the production of a wide array of mediators that are able to chemoattract eosinophils. These include the eosinophil-specific molecules eotaxin and eotaxin-2, in addition to IL-8 and RANTES, which are the most abundant. Eosinophil recruitment after RV infection of bronchial epithelium could represent a central event in the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Throughout the world there is a trend towards retaining crop residues rather than burning them. For this reason, changes in soil chemistry and aggregation in a Vertisol induced by 59 years of burning or green cane harvesting with or without annual fertilizer applications were investigated. Crop residues were either burnt prior to harvest with the harvest residues raked off (R1), burnt prior to harvest with the harvest residues left on the soil surface (R2), or left unburnt with all the trash left on the soil surface (R3). Concentrations of organic C in the surface 10 cm of soil increased with fertilizer applications and with increasing amounts of crop residue returned in the order R1 〈 R2 〈 R3. Fertilizer applications caused an accumulation of residual P in both inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) forms. A sequential P fractionation showed that fertilizer P accumulated in both labile and recalcitrant Pi and Po forms, and trash retention caused an accumulation of recalcitrant Po. Concentrations of K decreased in the unfertilized R1 and R2 treatments because K reserves were depleted. By contrast, there was an increase in the concentrations of K in the fertilized R3 treatment. The soil became more acid on the fertilized and, to a lesser extent, trash retention plots. We attribute this to nitrification and subsequent nitrate leaching. Acidification resulted in a loss of exchangeable Ca and Mg, a decrease in ECEC, and an increase in the concentrations of total and monomeric Al in soil solution, in exchangeable Al3+ and in the buffering reserve of non-exchangeable Al associated with organic matter. Aggregate stability was increased by increasing crop residues but decreased by fertilizer applications. The decrease was attributed to an increase in the proportion of exchangeable cations present in monovalent form due to applications of fertilizer K and leaching of Ca and Mg. We conclude that trash retention and annual fertilizer applications have substantial long-term effects on both organic matter status and soil pH and therefore on other soil chemical and physical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6997-7005 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The far-field emission characteristics of mid-infrared angled-grating distributed-feedback (α-DFB) lasers with W active regions are calculated using a self-consistent beam-propagation formalism that is more general than previous analyses. The theoretical projections are compared with the results of an experimental study of optically pumped α-DFB devices. Near-diffraction-limited beam quality is obtained both theoretically and experimentally for pump stripes ≤50 μm wide. While simulations employing the theoretical linewidth enhancement factor of 1.7 for the homogeneously-broadened W-laser gain spectrum predict that the good beam quality should be retained for stripes as wide as (approximate)200 μm, the data indicate a much more rapid degradation. That finding can be reproduced only by assuming that inhomogeneous broadening increases the structure's linewidth enhancement factor to (approximate)5. The experiments and theory also yield a steering of the output beam to off-normal angles as large as 6° when temperature tuning shifts the gain peak away from the grating resonance. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5815-5875 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a comprehensive, up-to-date compilation of band parameters for the technologically important III–V zinc blende and wurtzite compound semiconductors: GaAs, GaSb, GaP, GaN, AlAs, AlSb, AlP, AlN, InAs, InSb, InP, and InN, along with their ternary and quaternary alloys. Based on a review of the existing literature, complete and consistent parameter sets are given for all materials. Emphasizing the quantities required for band structure calculations, we tabulate the direct and indirect energy gaps, spin-orbit, and crystal-field splittings, alloy bowing parameters, effective masses for electrons, heavy, light, and split-off holes, Luttinger parameters, interband momentum matrix elements, and deformation potentials, including temperature and alloy-composition dependences where available. Heterostructure band offsets are also given, on an absolute scale that allows any material to be aligned relative to any other. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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