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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma in vitro ; Organ culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tissue cultures of four C-cell carcinomas (medullary thyroid carcinoma, MTC) were prepared to study the basal and stimulated calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) release. Immunohistological staining of the explants for CT and CEA have been performed after various periods of culture. These MTC explants were able continuously to release CT and CEA for periods up to 157 days. The spontaneous CT and CEA release decreased sharply during the 1st week of culture, then remained nearly constant over the observation period. The CEA/CT secretion ratio slightly declined during long-term culture; CEA release seems to drop earlier than CT production. CT and CEA could be detected in the same cells by immunocytochemical technique. The septal tissue consisting of dense connective tissue and amyloid produced by tumor cells seemed to increase during long-term culture. CT, but not CEA, was stimulated by pentagastrin (10−5 M), glucagon (6×10−6 M), and dose related by calcium (2.5–20 mM) in vitro. The MTC explant organ long-term culture proved to be a useful model for studies of human CT and CEA secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 697-701 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Phäochromocytom ; Sipple-Syndrom ; Tumor „Marker“ ; Paraneoplastische Hormonsekretion ; Calcitonin ; Pheochromocytoma ; Sipple-syndrome ; Tumor marker ; Paraneoplastic hormone secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary As pheochromocytoma sometimes is accompanied by medullary thyroid carcinoma (in the sense of multiple endocrine adonomatosis type II=Sipple-Syndrome), serum calcitonin (CT) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 4 patients with pheochromocytoma. Before extirpation of the adreno-medullary tumor, serum CT was distinctly increased to 3 and 30 ng/ml in 2 of 4 patients, respectively. After removal of the tumor, serum CT was normal in the patients and pentagastrin stimulation produced no exaggerated CT response. In hydrochloric acid extracts from the two corresponding pheochromocytoma tissues, immunoreactive-Calcitonin (IR-CT) was detected, the concentrations amounting 1 and 4 ng/mg wet tissue. These findings suggest that hypercalcitonism in patients with pheochromocytoma cannot always be ascribed to the thyroid, i.e. increased calcitonin levels do not necessarily indicate a medullary carcinoma of this organ.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Da Phäochromocytome in Kombination mit einem medullären Schilddrüsen-Carzinom auftreten können (multiple endokrine Adenomatose Typ II=Sipple-Syndrom), wurden bei 4 Patienten mit Phäochromocytomen die Serumcalcitoninspiegel radioimmunologisch bestimmt. Bei 2 der 4 Patienten fanden sich vor Operation des Nebennierenmarktumors deutlich erhöhte Calcitoninspiegel von 3 und 30 ng/ml. Nach Entfernung des Tumors normalisierten sich die Calcitoninspiegel, ebenso erzeugte die Pentagastrin-Stimulation keinen pathologischen Anstieg des Calcitonins. In salzsauren Extrakten aus den entsprechenden beiden Phäochromocytomen fand sich radioimmunologisch bestimmbares Calcitonin; die Werte betrugen 1und 4 ng/mg Frischgewicht. Der Nachweis einer Hypercalcitoninämie bei Patienten mit Phäochromocytomen läßt daher nicht unbedingt den Schluß auf ein gleichzeitig bestehendes medulläres Schilddrüsen-Carcinom zu, da offensichtlich Nebennierenmarktumoren zu Calcitoninproduktion und -sekretion fähig sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 143 (1984), S. 112-116 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: C-cell-carcinoma ; Pheochromocytoma ; Neuroma ; Calcitonin ; Carcinoembryonic antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three patients with a sporadic form of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) IIb are presented. MEN IIb is the association of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC), pheochromocytoma and multiple mucosal neuromata. The age at diagnosis and primary therapy of MTC was relatively late (8, 16, 18 years) although thyroid enlargement (two cases), typical marfanoid habitus (two cases) or multiple mucosal neuromata (one case) had been evident since early childhood. The diagnosis was confirmed by measurements of tumour markers like calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for MTC, measurements of vanillylmandelic acid for pheochromocytoma, evaluation of the thyroid gland by sonography, scintigraphy and fine needle biopsy, and investigation of the adrenals by computer tomography and meta-(I-131) iodobenzylguanidine (I-131-MIBG) scintigraphy. After surgical treatment determinations of tumour markers confirmed relapses of MTC in all cases. Early diagnosis of MEN IIb, which could be made by recognition of the typical clinical appearance, is of special importance because of the poor prognosis of MTC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 111 (1986), S. 284-288 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: C-cell carcinoma ; Monolayer culture ; Calcitonin ; Carcinoembryonic antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mechanically dissociated cells from a surgically removed mediastinal C-cell carcinoma (MTC) were cultured over a period of 4 months. The cells of the monolayer culture consisted of clusters of small epithelial-like cells. Using semithin and ultrathin sections, two different types of cells could be characterized by shape of nucleus and by content and distribution of secretory granules. One type of cell showed a more irregularly shaped nucleus, the other contained a large oval nucleus, similar to the normal C-cell of the human thyroid. Calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in supernatants in duplicate by radioimmunoassays. Radioimmuno-detectable CT levels in the supernatant of culture medium varied between 0.8 and 1.6 ng/ml and CEA levels between 5 and 27 ng/ml during a 2-month period. The present study proves that in monolayer-cultured cells of a MTC, metastases continue to produce radioimmuno-detectable CT and CEA. Whether the two different cell types in culture are relevant for carcinoma needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Neuron-specific enolase ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma ; Tumor marker ; Calcitonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an enzyme detectable in nervous and neuroendocrine tissue. Increased serum levels of NSE are found in small cell lung cancer and in patients with neuroblastoma, in whom NSE is used as a serum tumor marker. We have investigated 32 patients with histologically proven medullary thyroid carcinoma, a tumor of neuroendocrine origin, in which the classical tumor marker calcitonin (CT) was pathologically elevated. Positive immunocytochemistry for NSE and CT in C-cells was obtained in all cases. Increased serum NSE levels were found in only 5 of 32 patients, there was no correlation between NSE and CT concentrations. We also compared NSE and CT serum levels during long-term follow-up and again found no correlation between NSE and CT. After i.v. stimulation tests with pentagastrin and calcium, no correlation was found between NSE and CT serum levels. We conclude, therefore, that in medullary thyroid carcinoma NSE is useful for immunocytochemistry but not a reliable serum tumor marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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