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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A neutron diffraction structural study of R2Fe17−xAlx(C) (R=Tb, Ho) alloys : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6914-6916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The title compounds were confirmed to have the Th2Zn17 type rhombohedral structure (space group R3¯m) except for Ho2Fe16Al and Ho2Fe15Al2 which have the Th2Ni17 type hexagonal structure (space group P63/mmc) while Ho2Fe13Al3 is a mixture of the two phases with the hexagonal phase dominant. A larger unit cell favors the formation of an ordered rhombohedral phase rather than a disordered hexagonal phase. Both the substitution of Fe by Al and the insertion of C can expand the cell and lead to the formation of an ordered rhombohedral phase. The site preferences of Al are somewhat different with and without C. In both series, C is mainly found at the 9e interstitial site. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367567
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a phytoplasma causing yellows of Monarda (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishers
    Plant pathology 47 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Monarda yellows occurring in southern Alberta was found to be associated with a phytoplasma. Using two pairs of universal primers, 16S ribosomal DNA fragments (about 1.5 and 1.2 kb) were amplified separately by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA samples that had been extracted from infected monarda. No such DNA bands were observed using DNA samples from uninfected monarda. The DNA fragment (1.2 kb) amplified by nested-PCR was analysed and compared with western aster yellows (AY27, Canada), eastern aster yellows (EAY, USA), French hydrangea aster yellows (AYHF), Belgium hydrangea aster yellows (AYHB), clover proliferation (CP, Canada) and potato witches'-broom (PWB, Canada) by means of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using endonucleases AluI, MseI, HpaII, Sau3AI, KpnI and RsaI. The results showed that monarda yellows phytoplasma belongs to the aster yellows subclade and is different from CP and PWB. This is the first report of aster yellows phytoplasma infecting monarda.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00206.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the geometric structure of thermodynamics (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 40 (1999), S. 830-837 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider symmetry transformations of the generalized entropy function that preserve the Gibbs one-form (Gibbs relation). We show that this symmetry consideration naturally leads to the geometric structure of thermodynamics in terms of contact geometry. We also construct an example based on the van der Waals' fluid to illustrate the method discussed in the paper. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532688
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the moment methods and irreversible thermodynamics (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), S. 3589-3602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we investigate the kinetic foundation of irreversible thermodynamics by means of the moment methods proposed by Grad and by Eu, respectively. First we show that the moment methods yield a weak solution of the Boltzmann equation. On the other hand, the entropy balance equation can be satisfied only by the strong solution of the Boltzmann equation. Second, we reformulate the energy balance equation in an alternative form where dissipative energy as well as a generalized work 1-form are included in this new equation. Assume that the dissipative energy is semi-positive definite. The local form of the second law of thermodynamics is then formulated in terms of the inaccessibility condition of Caratheodory. We then show that our new formulation of the second law is equivalent to Kelvin's principle and Clausius' principle. Finally we obtain a calotropy balance equation where the calotropy density function is a state function in the thermodynamic space. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532072
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and crystallographic structure of Nd5Fe17 (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5693-5695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Neutron diffraction has been used to refine the crystallographic and magnetic structure of Nd5Fe17. The results of Rietveld refinement yield improved precision for the Fe coordinates relative to the x-ray study. The magnetic moments are refined by assuming that all Fe atoms in comparable environments have the same moment or by grouping sites by average Fe–Fe bond length. Each model leads to five distinct moments, in which the magnitude of the moment is correlated with both the average Fe–Fe bond lengths and the near-neighbor distribution. The results of the refinement are in reasonable agreement with the analysis of the Mössbauer spectra. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370254
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasicrystals in a partially devitrified Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glass (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1697-1699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A quasicrystalline phase was discovered in a Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glass annealed in the supercooled liquid range. Through systematical transmission electron microscopy rotation analyses, the selected area electron diffraction patterns are obtained corresponding to fivefold, threefold, and twofold rotational symmetry, demonstrating that the precipitated phase is an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase with good rotational symmetry. It is concluded that the addition of Ag in the Zr-based metallic glass promotes the formation of the quasicrystalline phase. The present experimental result implies that there is a natural relationship between the Zr-based bulk metallic glasses and icosahedral quasicrystalline. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124793
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impurity oxygen redistribution in a nanocrystallized Zr65Cr15Al10Pd10 metallic glass (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 812-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report atom probe results on impurity oxygen dissolution in a Zr65Cu15Al10Pd10 metallic glass and its redistribution during nanocrystallization. Approximately 0.1 at. % impurity oxygen is detected from the as-melt-spun Zr65Cu15Al10Pd10 metallic glass. Oxygen redistribution occurs during annealing. In some crystallites, oxygen up to 4 at. % is detected, and virtually no oxygen is dissolved in the remaining amorphous phase. This result directly demonstrates that impurity oxygen promotes the crystallization by forming metastable phases containing high content oxygen and thereby influences the kinetics of crystallization. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123376
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture behavior of a nanocrystallized Zr65Cu15Al10Pd10 metallic glass (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2131-2133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fracture surfaces of a nanocrystallized Zr65Cu15Al10Pd10 metallic glass were observed on an atomic scale with field ion microscopy. Based on geometrical and phase characteristics of the fracture morphologies, it can be determined that a crack propagates along the interfaces between nanocrystals and the amorphous matrix in the alloy with optimized microstructures. Combining with macromechanical properties, it is proposed that the strengthening effect of nanocrystals in the Zr-based metallic glass arises from a strong interaction between nanocrystals and local shear bands during deformation processes of the glassy matrix. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123779
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly insulative barium zirconate-titanate thin films prepared by rf magnetron sputtering for dynamic random access memory applications (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2659-2661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polycrystalline thin films of Ba(ZrxTi1−x)O3 with x=0–0.4 and a thickness of ∼180 nm were deposited on platinum-coated silicon substrates by rf magnetron sputtering at 500 °C. Ba-rich targets were used to prepare films of stoichiometric composition. The film having x=0.12 exhibited a satisfactory dielectric property of dielectric constant, k≈300, and dissipation factor, tan δ〈0.02, at frequencies from 103 to 106 Hz under ambient temperatures ranging from 20 to 180 °C. More importantly, the film showed a very stable and highly insulative characteristic against applied voltage. The leakage current density J increases only smoothly to a value less than 10−7 A/cm2 followed by an Ohmic relation of J=σE with σ=1.4×10−14 (Ω cm)−1 up to an extremely high electric field E of 5.6 MV/cm without any sign of abrupt increase of leakage current or electrical breakdown. Also, no time-dependent electric degradation was observed for the film subjected to an electric field as high as 5 MV/cm at room temperature up to 3600 s of measurement. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117550
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreflectance spectroscopy of strained-layer (111)B InGaAs/GaAs quantum well diodes (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 1595-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: InGaAs/GaAs (111)B quantum well p-i-n structures grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated with a photoreflectance technique. Using the reduced mass deduced from experiments, the built-in electric field is obtained from the above band-gap Franz–Keldysh oscillations (FKOs). The strain-induced piezoelectric field is then determined directly from the comparison of the periods of FKOs in different samples. Numerical solutions for exciton transition energies with the experimentally derived potentials are in good agreement with experimental results. Hence, the piezoelectric constant can be determined using the piezoelectric field. The temperature dependences of the quantized energy levels indicate that the influence of temperature on exciton transitions is essentially the same as that of the gaps of the relevant bulk constituent materials. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368229
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