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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 20 (1996), S. 142-146 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. Nous avons utilisé cliniquement des allogreffes osseuses en les traitant par dégraissage dans du chloroforme et du méthanol, par lyophilisation et par stérilisation avec du gaz d’oxyde d’éthylène. Le but du dégraissage et de la lyophilisation est de faciliter une stérilisation ultérieure en éliminant la barrière à la diffusion du gaz d’oxyde d’éthylène dans les os, d’abaisser les niveaux résiduels de l’oxyde d’éthylène et de ses sous-produits toxiques après la stérilisation, d’éliminer les iso-antigènes et de rendre possible un stockade à la température de la pièce. Des infections postopératoires, vérifiées par une culture bactérienne positive, se sont produites chez 2 patients sur 396 (0.5%) recevant cette allogreffe préparée dans des conditions propres, mais non stériles. Des sections histologiques de la zone autour de l’interface de l’allogreffe et de l’assise de l’os du receveur ont montré: 1) des ostéoblastes bordant la surface de l’allogreffe osseuse corticale avec des appositions d’os néo-formé, 2) le développement du nouvel os dans les canaux vasculaires haversiens, et 3) une légère infiltration de petites cellules rondes inflammatoires. L’incidence négligeable d’infections postopératoires a permis de confirmer l’efficacité de la stérilisation. Les sections histologiques de spécimens biopsiques ont montré la préservation de la capacité de la greffe à supporter la formation du nouvel os et éliminer les iso-antigènes. Nous pouvons donc conclure que cette méthode est fiable pour des allogreffes osseuses cliniquement stérilisées et ne présente qu’un léger effet nuisible.
    Notes: Summary. We devised a method of sterilising bone allografts which consists of defatting in chloroform and methanol, freeze-drying and sterilisation with ethylene oxide gas. The purpose of defatting and freeze-drying was to facilitate subsequent sterilisation by eliminating the barrier to diffusion of the gas into bone, to lower residual levels of ethylene oxide and its toxic by-products, to eliminate alloantigens and to make storage possible at room temperature. The efficacy and safety of the method were evaluated by testing the sterilisation of infected bone from 6 patients with active chronic osteomyelitis, the penetration of ethylene oxide into human femoral heads treated by this or by freeze-drying or freeze-thawing, and the desorption of ethylene oxide and its toxic by-products from pieces of bone treated by these methods. All the samples of infected bone tested negative for bacteria after treatment. The gas penetrated into the central area of the femoral heads in a few hours. Residual levels of ethylene oxide and its toxic by-products were much lower in the treated bone than in freeze-dried or freeze-thawed bone, and decreased quickly in flowing air. Prior defatting and freeze-drying facilitated penetration of ethylene oxide into bone during sterilisation and the desorption of ethylene oxide and its toxic by-products after sterilisation. Preparation under clean, but not sterile, conditions and storage at room temperature make bone banking more practical and efficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 20 (1996), S. 147-152 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. Nous avons établi une méthode pratique et efficace pour la stérilisation d’allogreffes osseuses. Cette méthode se compose de: 1) dégraissage dans du chloroforme et du méthanol, 2) lyophilisation et, 3) stérilisation avec gaz d’oxyde d’éthylène. Le but du dégraissage et de la lyophilisation est de faciliter une stérilisation ultérieure en éliminant la barrière à la diffusion du gaz d’oxyde d’éthylène dans les os, d’abaisser les niveaux résiduels de l’oxyde d’éthylène et de ses sous-produits toxiques après la stérilisation, d’éliminer les iso-antigènes et de rendre possible un stockage à la température de la pièce. L’efficacité et la sécurité de cette méthode ont étéévaluées par: 1) la capacité de stérilisation d’os infectés prélevés à partir du foyer d’une ostétomyélite chronique active chez six patients, 2) la pénétration du gaz d’oxyde d’éthylène dans des têtes fémorales humaines traitées par cette méthode ou par d’autres, telle que la lyophilisation ou la congélation-décongélation, et 3) l’élimination de l’oxyde d’éthylène et de ses sous-produits toxiques, chlorhydrine d’éthylène et éthylène glycol, provenant de l’os traité par cette méthode ou d’autres, telle que la lyophilisation ou la congélation-décongélation. Tous les échantillons d’os provenant d’une ostéomyélite chronique sont restés bactériologiquement stériles après traitement par cette méthode. Lorsque des têtes fémorales traitées avec cette méthode ont été exposées à l’oxyde d’éthylène, le gaz a suffisamment pénétré dans la zone centrale en quelques heures seulement. Les niveaux résiduels de l’oxyde d’éthylène et de ses sous-produits toxiques dans les os traités par cette méthode ont été bien plus faibles que ceux se trouvant dans les os lyophilisés ou congelés-décongelés, et ont rapidement diminués dans l’air ambiant. Ces résultats indiquent qu’un dégraissage antérieur et une lyophilisation ont permis de faciliter la pénétration du gaz d’oxyde d’éthylène dans l’os durant la stérilisation et l’élimination de l’oxyde d’éthylène et de ses sous-produits toxiques après stérilisation. La préparation dans des conditions propres, mais non stériles, et un stockage à la température de la pièce permettent de rendre le système de banque des os plus pratique et efficace.
    Notes: Summary. We used bone allograft treated by defatting in chloroform and methanol, freeze-drying and sterilisation with ethylene oxide gas in operations on 396 patients. The purpose of defatting and freeze-drying is to facilitate subsequent sterilisation by eliminating a barrier to the diffusion of ethylene oxide gas into bone, to lower the residual levels of the ethylene oxide and its toxic by-products after sterilisation, to eliminate alloantigens and to make storage at room temperature possible. Postoperative infections confirmed by a positive bacterial culture occurred in 2 of the 396 patients receiving the allograft, which was prepared under clean, but not sterile, conditions, one of which was thought to be due to dehiscence of the wound, rather than to the allograft. There were also 3 probable infections. Histological sections of the area around the interface of the allograft and its bony bed showed: (1) osteoblasts lining the surface of the dead cortical bone of the graft with appositional new bone; (2) ingrowth of new bone into the Haversian canals, and (3) little infiltration of inflammatory small round cells. These findings indicated the ability of the bone to support new bone formation and to eliminate antigens. The low incidence of infection confirmed the efficacy of this method of sterilisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 22 (1998), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. Pour arthrodèse inter-somatique lombaire par voie postérieure, des allogreffes d’os corticaux stérilisées au gaz, lyophilisées et dégraissées, de configuration rectangulaire et de dimensions diverses, furent utilisées en combinaison avec des autogreffes d’os spongieux provenant des éléments postérieurs excisés. La fusion à un seul niveau avec ou sans fixation interne a étéétudiée chez 38 patients âgés de 50 ans ou moins et souffrant d’une hernie discale ou d’une post-discectomie avec stase veineuse en amont (chez les plus jeunes) et chez 33 femmes âgées de 60 ans ou plus souffant d’un spondylolisthésis dégénératif (chez les plus âgés). Les groupes les plus jeunes et les plus âgés étaient respectivement composés de 8 et 11 patients avec vissage pédiculaire, de 14 et 8 patients avec crochet et tige et de 16 et 14 patients sans fixation interne. Parmi les divers paramètres du processus de fusion, seuls les changements dans l’interface allogreffe hôte, ont prouvéêtre utiles en pratique. L’incidence d’une non-fusion chez les patients avec vissage pédiculaire, avec crochet et tige et sans fixation interne était respectivement de 0%, 7% et 19% dans le groupe des plus jeunes et de respectivement 0%, 0% et 14% dans le groupe des plus âgés. Des 6 patients avec une nonfusion 3 avaient des douleurs lombaires persistantes et 2 seulement une mobilité du foyer d’arthrodèse en flexion-extension. Il n’y a eu aucun collapsus de greffon. La perte de hauteur de l’espace intervertébral dû principalement à l’impaction de l’allogreffe dans le corps vertébral fut en moyenne de 1,1 et de 1,6 mm respectivement dans les groupes les plus jeunes et les plus âgés et s’est poursuivie en moyenne 3,8 et 5 mois respectivement dans chaque groupe après l’opération. Nous concluons que cette méthode est mécaniquement satisfaisante avec une technique simplifiée et qu’elle est efficace dans le maintien en hauteur de l’espace intervertébral. Même si la fusion osseuse n’est pas réalisée, une union fibreuse peut être obtenue sans collapsus de la greffe.
    Notes: Summary. In posterior lumbar interbody vertebral fusion operations, variously sized, rectangular shaped, defatted, freeze-dried, gas-sterilised cortical bone allografts were used in combination with cancellous bone autografts from excised posterior elements. Single-level fusion, with or without internal fixation, was undertaken in 38 patients aged 50 years or less with disc herniation or a failed discectomy (the younger group) and in 33 women aged 60 years or more with degenerative spondylolisthesis (the older group). Of the various observable indicators of union, changes in the allograft-host interface alone proved to be of practical use. The incidence of nonunion in patients managed with pedicle screws, with a hook and rod system or without internal fixation was 0 of 8 patients; 1 of 14 patients; and 3 of 16 patients, respectively, in the younger group, and 0 of 11 patients; 0 of 8 patients; and 2 of 14 patients, respectively, in the older group. Of the six patients with nonunion, three had persistent low back pain and only two had mobility of the fused segment which was evident on lateral radiographs during flexion and extension. No patient had graft collapse. The decrease in the height of the intervertebral space, chiefly due to settlement of the allograft into the vertebral bodies, in the younger and older groups averaged 1.1 and 1.6 mm, respectively. We concluded that this simplified technique is mechanically sound and effective in maintaining the height of the intervertebral space. Even when the graft failed to unite, fibrous union could be obtained without graft collapse. Combination with a simple internal fixator, such as a compression rod, facilitates bone union.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of serum thymic factor (FTS) on the D-variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC-D) virus-induced diabetes and myocarditis in BALB/cAJcl mice was investigated. Mice pretreated with 50 or 10 µg of FTS were infected with 10 or 103 PFU of EMC-D virus. In the mice inoculated with 10 PFU of virus, 40% developed diabetes on post-infection day (PID) 14, whereas those treated with FTS (50 µg/administration) on day 2 and 1 before infection did not develop diabetes. FTS (10 µg)-pretreated mice developed diabetes. In histological observation, FTS non-treated mice which developed diabetes showed severe necrosis and inflammation of mononuclear cells in the islets of Langerhans and myocardia on 19 PID. Mice pretreated with 50 µg of FTS, however, manifested mild islet degeneration without any myocardial inflammation. Furthermore, in FTS non-treated mice, immunohistological staining showed a loss of insulin granules. This loss was markedly reversed and insulin granules remained largely intact in FTS-pretreated mice. Viral titers in pancreas of FTS-pretreated mice approximated well to those of non-treated mice on PID 4, 7 and 19. In mice inoculated with higher titer of EMC-D virus (103 PFU), however, 50 µg of FTS pretreatment did not change the course of these acute pathological developments (diabetes and myocarditis observed from PID 4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Adult ; Cytomegalovirus ; Myelodysplasia ; Thrombocytopenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Myelodysplasia and severe thrombocytopenia in association with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompetent adults have rarely been reported. We describe a previously healthy man who developed severe thrombocytopenia with myelodysplastic changes of bone marrow and multiple autoimmune abnormalities following CMV infection. We also discuss possible mechanisms leading to myelodysplasia and thrombocytopenia in CMV infection. We believe that CMV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of myelodysplasia and acute thrombocytopenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Commentarii mathematici Helvetici 74 (1999), S. 575-590 
    ISSN: 1420-8946
    Keywords: Key words. Fillable contact structure, symplectic filling, simple singularity, simply elliptic singularity, the Seiberg-Witten monopole equations.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Topological restrictions of symplectically filling 4-manifolds of links around simple singularities are studied by using the Seiberg-Witten monopole equations. In particular, the intersection form of minimal symplectically filling 4-manifolds of the singularity of type E 8 is determined. Moreover, for the case of simply elliptic singularities, similar restrictions are obtained. In the proof, a vanishing theorem of the Seiberg-Witten invariant is discussed.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Compositio mathematica 106 (1997), S. 349-360 
    ISSN: 1570-5846
    Keywords: elliptic curves ; modular forms.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract If E is an elliptic curve over $$\mathbb{Q}$$ , then let E(D) denote theD-quadratic twist of E. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many primesp for which E(p) has rank 0, and that there are infinitely many primes $$\ell $$ for which $$E(\ell )$$ has positive rank. For some special curvesE we show that there is a set S of primes p with density $$\frac{1}{3}$$ for which if $$D = \prod {p_j } $$ is a squarefree integer where $$p_j \in S$$ , then E(D) has rank 0. In particular E(p) has rank 0 for every $$p \in S$$ . As an example let E1 denote the curve $$E_1 :y^2 = x^3 + 44x^2 - 19360x + 1682384$$ . Then its associated set of primes S1 consists of the prime11 and the primes p for which the order of the reduction ofX0(11) modulo p is odd. To obtain the general result we show for primes $$p \in S$$ that the rational factor of L(E(p),1) is nonzero which implies thatE(p) has rank 0. These special values are related to surjective $$\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$$ Galois representations that are attached to modularforms. Another example of this result is given, and we conclude with someremarks regarding the existence of positive rank prime twists via polynomialidentities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 17 (1998), S. 1349-1351 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 501-507 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Harderian gland ; Apocrine secretion ; Myoepithelial cell ; NaF+AlCl3 ; Carbachol ; Papaverine ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Harderian glands of male albino rats were stimulated with secretagogues and examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy for the purpose of studying the apocrine secretory mechanism. Rats in the control group were perfused with standard HEPES-buffered Ringer’s solution. Their glandular endpieces showed wide lumina that contained few secretory materials; spontaneous exocytosis was sometimes observed. However, there were no features suggestive of an apocrine secretory mechanism or myoepithelial cell contractions. After stimulation with NaF+AlCl3 or carbachol in HEPES-buffered Ringer’s solution, the rats shed ”bloody tears” and the glandular lumina were jammed with apical protrusions, cytoplasmic material and secretory products. The basal surface of the glandular cells showed bulging caused by myoepithelial cell contraction. Perfusion with HEPES-buffered Ringer’s solution containing papaverine inhibited secretagogue-induced myoepithelial cell contraction but not the enhanced secretory activities of the glandular cells. The present results demonstrate that the Harderian gland of the rat can release secretory material not only by exocytosis, but also by an apocrine mechanism under stimulating conditions, and that myoepithelial cell contraction may not be involved in causing apical protrusion in the glandular cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 38 (1996), S. 31-41 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words California sea lion ; Maternal investment ; Sexual dimorphism ; Growth rate ; Metabolic rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Proximal mechanisms underlying a faster growth rate in male compared to female California sea lion pups were investigated. Males are significantly larger at birth than females. Specifically, we asked if differential maternal investment contributed to enhanced male growth via: (1) larger mothers having disproportionately more male pups, (2) more time and energy put into foraging by mothers of male pups, and (3) greater milk production in mothers of male pups. We also considered four aspects of differential energy utilization and acquisition by male and female pups: (1) male pups attempting to save energy for growth by changes in behavior, (2) longer suckling bouts with mother and more sneak suckling of non-filial females by male pups, (3) lower maintenance costs in males via a lowered resting metabolic rate, and (4) increased assimilation efficiency in males. Our study showed that there are no differences in the size of females or length of foraging trips for mothers of male and female pups. Male pups received more milk from their mothers, but the difference was no longer significant when the larger body size of males was considered. There were no differences in either the activity budgets or suckling behavior of male and female pups. Male pups, however, did have lower resting metabolic rates than females. We conclude that enhanced male perinatal growth is a consequence of a larger size at birth, proportionally more milk from mothers to support the greater demands of larger body size, and lower maintenance costs due to a lower resting metabolic rate.
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