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  • 31
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The 7DL.7Ag translocation from Lophopyrum elongatum that carries Lr19, a leaf rust resistance gene, was found to be associated with a significant increase in grain yield under irrigated, disease-free conditions, but a generally lower yield under moisture stress conditions. These studies, however, involved a limited number of genetic recipients and environments, and the effect of the translocation on physiological traits was not considered. We examined the translocation effect in six different recipient genotypes and under five environmental conditions, including drought and heat stress. The increase in grain yield under irrigated conditions was associated with a higher rate of biomass production in the 7DL.7Ag lines and may be attributed to higher sink strength. Effect of the translocation on physiological traits was noted only under heat stress and was not associated with difference in yield. Under moisture stress conditions, 7DL.7Ag lines yielded less than their corresponding recipients, possibly because of a longer growing cycle. It is concluded that the effect of the 7DL. 7Ag translocation may very much depend on the phenological adaptation of the recipient genotype and the translocation may be useful for enhancing yield, mainly under favourable conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Sharka, a disease caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), mainly affects some Prunus species, including apricot, peach and plum, and to a lesser degree, sweet cherry and sour cherry. In almond, different PPV isolates have been transmitted experimentally to the ‘Aï’ cultivar. In this study, the resistance of 10 almond cultivars to a Dideron PPV isolate was evaluated in controlled conditions by grafting the cultivars on to inoculated GF305 peach rootstocks. The results demonstrated a high level of resistance to PPV in all the almond cultivars assayed. They did not show any symptoms and were ELISA and RT-PCR negative, despite the strong symptoms observed in their GF305 rootstocks. The implications of these results for the dispersion of PPV, and the potential role of almond as a source of resistance to PPV in other Prunus species such as peach, are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum in North America can result in significant losses in the yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Resistance sources have been largely limited to Chinese germplasm and, in particular, Sumai 3 or its derivatives. In recent years, resistance has been identified in Europe. Previous studies using the wheat line ‘Bizel’, developed in France, have shown that it has resistance to Fusarium head blight. Pedigree information shows that one of its progenitors is rye. This experiment was conducted to determine if ‘Bizel’ has rye chromatin, with the goal of developing a strategy for mapping FHB resistance genes. Two methods based on repetitive DNA sequences specific to rye were implemented. With both approaches, it was demonstrated that ‘Bizel’ does not contain rye chromatin. Consequently, wheat SSRs can be used to map ‘Bizel’ resistance genes for FHB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eight spring barley accessions from the gene bank in Gatersleben, Germany, and 10 cultivars were tested for stripe rust resistance. Tests were performed at the seedling stage in the growth chamber and as adult plants in the field. All accessions and six cultivars were scored as resistant against race 24 under all test conditions, with very few plants as exceptions, while the susceptible control cultivars ‘Karat’ and ‘Certina’, and four other cultivars were attacked in all cases. Differences between accessions and between cultivars were detected after infection with isolates from ‘Trumpf’ and ‘Bigo’ (seedling tests only). Infection structures within seedling leaves without pustules and for the first time within leaves of adult plants from the field were analysed by fluorescence microscopy. With this method additional genetic Differences in the resistance reaction could be detected which could not to be seen in the resistance test. Crosses between the accessions and the susceptible cultivar ‘Karat’ led to segregating F2 progenies. The percentage of resistant plants varied between the accessions. This also indicates a different genetic basis of resistance in the accessions. The infection structures observed by fluorescence microscopy stopped earlier in leaves of the two accessions HOR 8979 and HOR 8991 than in leaves of other accessions in all the tests. These accessions were the only ones with more than 50% resistant plants in all F2 tests. In general, the accessions from the gene bank can be used as new resistance sources against stripe rust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 120 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The doubled haploid (DH) wheat line ‘dh 5841’ carrying two translocations from rye, 5DL.5RS and 1BL.1RS, has been crossed to the subline of wheat cultivar ‘Amadeus 7143’ with a 1BL.1RS translocation. The resulting F1 hybrid IJ 98 with a heterozygous 5DL.5DS-5DL.5RS chromosome pair has been used to produce doubled haploids. A total of 57 DH lines were obtained from plantlets regenerated in anther culture after successful colchicine treatment and seed set. These lines were identified regarding the constitution of chromosome 5D (5DL.5DS or 5DL.5RS) by means of isoenzyme marker analysis. Thirty DH lines possessed the 5DL.5DS chromosome, while the remaining 27 lines carried the 5DL.5RS translocation. For some of these lines, the 5DL.5RS chromosome was cytologically confirmed by C-banding. Furthermore, the DH lines were evaluated for their high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition. All possible combinations for the four independent loci —Skdh, Glu-Al, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1— were detected in only 57 DH lines and no segregation distortion was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 120 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two dioecious hemp accessions (Can18 and Can17) were tested by bulked segregant analysis for polymorphisms between male and female bulks with amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Thirty-nine primer combinations were tested and 20 of these yielded one to three male-specific bands. In contrast, no female-specific band was detected. Eight of these primer combinations were used for testing 80 progeny plants from a cross between two plants from Can18 and 30 plants from Can17. A total of 16 and 17 male-specific fragments were obtained for Can 18 and Can 17, respectively. Eleven fragments exhibited the same fragment size in both accessions. All male plants, but not one female plant, showed the respective polymorphic band with each of the eight primer combinations. Problems regarding sex determination under field conditions were successfully overcome by testing plants that had been grown in small pots in a greenhouse. The abundant number of potential markers for the male sex, their complete cosegregation with male plants and the absence of markers for the female sex support the presence of a male sex chromosome in hemp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The resistance of 12 apricot cultivars to the Dideron type Spanish isolate RB3.30 of plum pox potyvirus was evaluated in controlled conditions in an insect-proof greenhouse. The results of the evaluation demonstrated the resistance of the cultivars ‘Stella’, ‘Stark Early Orange’, ‘Goldrich’, ‘Harcot’, ‘NJA2’, ‘Pandora’ and ‘Avilara’ to the isolate, and the susceptibility of the cultivars ‘A1453’, ‘Bulida’,‘Currot’, ‘Real Fino’ and ‘Canino’
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Many economically important traits are inherited quantitatively and are analysed by breeders in replicated field trials. If dense maps are available, chromosomal regions containing quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be identified and this opens up the possibility of preselecting for quantitative traits in the laboratory. In this study, QTL analysis for yield and yield components in sugar beet is used in two different populations tested in several environments in both populations, QTL were detected for all traits investigated, and their predictive value in breeding schemes was analysed by correlating predicted with observed values. Tolerance to Rhizomania, caused by a gene on chromosome 3, was the main source of genotype-environment interaction in one population, allowing selection on a QTL basis within macro-environments with or without Rhizomania infestation, respectively. No clear results were found for the second population tested in environments with and with-out Cercospora infestation. Consequences for breeding strategies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In sugar beet breeding, sugar yield is mainly influenced by root yield and sugar content. In this short communication several indices to select for both traits simultaneously are compared in order to find the best one. The indices are correlated with the base index of Williams (1962) from independent experiments. The indices differ in the amount of information necessary for the calculation of their weights. Three different series of each eight sites gave similar results. The optimum index using all information from phenotypic and genotypic variances and covariances, did not perform best. Sugar content with its higher herit ability must have a larger weight than root yield. Heritabilities as index weights performed best, but two other indices using heritabilities and phenotypic but no genetic covariances also performed well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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