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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy doping effects in the diffusion of group IV and V impurities in silicon (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 691-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Studies of the diffusion of Ge, Sn, As, and Sb in Si at high donor concentrations provided by phosphorous doping have been performed. It is found that for donor concentrations, CD below ∼2×1020 cm−3, the diffusivity depends linearly on CD; for doping concentrations above ∼2×1020 cm−3, however, the diffusivity increases dramatically with increasing donor concentrations. This behavior has been successfully modeled within the vacancy–percolation model, and it is concluded that collective phenomena play a significant role at high donor concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353324
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase, Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase, and Glutathione Peroxidase in Blood from Individuals Homozygous for Asp90Ala CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase Mutation (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The Asp90Ala CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutation is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in both homo- and heterozygous form. We analyzed antioxidant enzymes in blood from 44 individuals homozygous and 114 individuals heterozygous for the Asp90Ala mutation as well as 66 blood relatives carrying the wild-type allele only. Erythrocyte CuZn-superoxide dismutase activity was reduced by 9% in the homozygous individuals, confirming previous findings on a smaller cohort. The specific activity of Asp90Ala mutant CuZn-superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes was equal to that of isolated mutant enzyme and slightly higher than that of isolated wild-type enzyme. There was no evidence for the presence of inactive mutant molecules in erythrocytes, and the lower activity is due to the occurrence of fewer active molecules. There were no significant differences between the groups in plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase content, and the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities were virtually identical. Also, there were no differences in these parameters between homozygous individuals with or without ALS. There was no evidence for any association with ALS of a polymorphic extracellular superoxide dismutase mutation, Arg213Gly. The absence of response of the blood antioxidant enzymes to the Asp90Ala CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutation does not support the theory that the ALS-linked CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutations cause disease by increased oxidant stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020715.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of ion-implanted Sn and Sb in heavily doped n-type silicon (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 755-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The diffusion of ion-implanted Sn and Sb in silicon single crystals during rapid thermal annealing at 1000 and 1050 °C has been studied as a function of P donor concentration. For extrinsic/intrinsic carrier concentration ratios (n/ni )≥20, almost identical, extremely large diffusion coefficients are found for both impurities. The diffusion coefficients exhibit approximately an (n/ni )4 dependence. The onset of this dependence is accompanied by the appearance of a new defect-complex type containing Sb or Sn, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99823
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of sputtered superconducting films of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox made by low-temperature in situ growth (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 2135-2137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superconducting films of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox have been fabricated on single-crystal MgO substrates by a low-temperature in situ process. Using a substrate temperature Ts≈645 °C, metallic films with a superconducting onset of 90–100 K and an extrapolated Tc0=56 K have been obtained. X-ray diffraction shows the films to be c-axis oriented. Electron microscopy reveals that the films are not significantly smoother than films which were post-annealed at 865 °C, and that some segregation into nonsuperconducting phases had occurred. The exact mechanism by which crystallization and superconductivity occurs at such low temperatures is not yet known, but it can be speculated that the surface atoms are less constrained and thus have a smaller energy barrier to overcome in forming a crystal structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102347
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical and pharmacologic skin irritation in man (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 25 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Attention is increasingly being focused on the relationship of dissocial Ion constant (pKa) of chemicals and skin irritation presumably caused by pH effects at epidermal levels. Human skin Studies of irritation have utilized both subjective visual-palpation scores and reflectance spectroscopy (RS) or laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) respectively. Several studies document that erythema determined subjectively and objectively correlates with the degree of skin irritancy, but others report lack of correlation between LDV and irritancy scored subjectively. In this study, pharmacologicol and chemical in vivo, skin irritation was evaluated utilizing an improved reflectance spectrophotometer equipped with computerized data analysis. In 16 white females, a model for skin irritation was induced by a 24-h patch application of 4 basic chemicals, imipramine, norephedrine, nicotine and 8-aminoquinoline, with pKa's ranging from 3.8 to 9.5. Skin pigmentation (melanin) and the relative amounts of oxygenized (arterial) and deoxygenized (venous) hemoglobin present in the erythematous skin were calculated. A clear increase in the hemoglobin content was observed in chemical and vehicle exposed sites. Although skin irritation is a complex phenomenon involving chemical and solution properties, percutaneous absorption and the biological drug response, high pKa (p 〉 0.01) was predictive of acute skin irritation in man using computerized analysis of reflectance spectroscopy, A high correlation between visual score and RS was found (r= 0.91).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01875.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erythema induced by organic solvents: in vivo evaluation of oxygenized and deoxygenized haemoglobin by reflectance spectroscopy (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 27 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: (i) using a new non-invasive technique capable of evaluating quantitatively and qualitatively the haemoglobin content of the skin (ii) to evaluate delipidization induced by organic solvents. Patients: 11 Caucasians treated for 1 min in a randomized manner on the volar forearm with a mixture of chloroform/methanol (2: 1) (CM) and ether/acetone (1:1) (EA) to delipidize the skin. Method erythema was evaluated by computerized remittance spectroscopy immediately after delipidization and hourly for 2 h. Results: only CM application induced subjectively observed and objectively quantified erythema. Erythema was related to a significant increase in oxygenized haemoglobin content due to dilatation of arterioles in the subpapillary plexus (P〈0.01). The increased blood flow induced a significant (P〈0.01) reduction in de-oxygenized haemoglobin in venous vessels immediately after CM application. Conclusion: short contact with certain potent solvent mixtures causes erythema, possibly due to massive lipid extraction and damage of the skin barrier. Using computerized remittance spectroscopy the visible erythema was composed of an increase in oxygenized haemoglobin and a relative decrease in deoxygenized haemoglobin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05190.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of Aspergillus umbrosus Antibodies in Danish Farmers (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 41 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Antibodies to Aspergillus umbrosus were investigated in 181 Danish farmers, 137 farmers spouses and a control group of 104 male blood donors with no relation to farming. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) higher levels of IgG antibodies were found in farmers than in their spouses and in non-farming controls (P 〈 0.0001). By double immunodiffusion precipitating antibodies occurred in 11 farmers, in none of farmers' spouses and in one control subject. Farmers and farmers' spouses who were non-smokers had higher IgG antibody levels than smokers in the same groups (P 〈 0.04). Farmers more than 30 years of age had higher IgG antibody levels than younger farmers (P 〈 0.04). Farmers rearing cattle tended to have higher IgG antibody levels than farmers without cattle. No correlation between antibody levels and respiratory symptoms or lung function parameters (FEV1 or FVC) could be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00285.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultralow power low noise ultrahigh frequency magnetic resonance spectrometer (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a simple marginal oscillator that operates at ultralow power dissipation (≥20 μW at 750 MHz) for use in ultrasensitive low noise magnetic resonance detection at very low temperatures. We have operated the circuit down to 0.6 K with the sample maintained below 20 mK and in magnetic fields up to 4.0 T. The samples are maintained at mK temperatures by physically separating the sample from the rf coil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142980
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossed Immunoelectrophoretic Analysis of Precipitins to Candida albicans in Deep Candida Infection (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 4 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel the precipitins to C. albicans in sera from 18 patients with deep Candida infection were compared with the findings in a control material consisting of sera from 169 'normal' controls (mainly healthy blood donors), 25 patients with oral candidiasis, 14 patients with vaginal candidiasis, and 6 persons without candidiasis giving false positive reactions by the double diffusion method. Up to 20 different precipitins were found in individual sera, and precipitins were demonstrated in all sera except in 6 'normal' controls. Of 692 precipitins 682 (98%) were identified and titrated in terms of the 78-component reference system described earlier for C. albicans. No free Candida antigens were found, but would have been detected by the method. The best criterion for discrimination between sera from patients and controls was the precipitin score, which accounts for number of precipitins and for titres. A precipitin score of more than 6 1/2 had a diagnostic sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 99.5%. Eleven precipitin specificities were found solely in the patients' sera, but the highest sensitivity for a single precipitin was 33%. Until more evidence has accumulated in favour of a monospecific immunoassay it is therefore rational to use a complex antigen extract for further evaluations of diagnostic Candida serology and a short cut to standardization would be the introduction of the method used in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1975.tb03830.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Influence of Remaining Live BCG Organisms in Vaccinated Mice on the Maintenance of Immunity to Tuberculosis (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 60 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The only available vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, is at present being used as a reference for the efficacy of novel vaccines. Herein, we demonstrate that viable BCG can be detected at late time points after vaccination in C57BL/6J mice. If BCG is cleared by antibiotic treatment, the number of mycobacteria-reactive effector cells in the spleen gradually reverts to low levels and consequently immunity in this organ wanes, while resistance in the lung remains stable. The implications for comparing BCG vaccination with experimental vaccines including non-replicating vaccines are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01471.x
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