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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of femoral neck anteversion in 3D. Part 2:3D modelling method (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 610-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Femoral anteversion ; 3D ; Modelling ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Femoral neck anteversion is the torsion of the femoral head with reference to the distal femur. Conventional methods that use cross-sectional computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance or ultrasound images to estimate femoral anteversion have met with several problems owing to the complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the femur. A 3D imaging method has been developed that virtually measures femoral anteversion on the 3D computer space with continuous CT slices; this 3D method provides more accurate and reliable results than conventional 2D CT measurements. A 3D modelling method is devised for the measurement of femoral neck anteversion. This method has advantages over the 3D imaging method, such as shorter processing time, reduced number of slices and an objective result compared with the 3D imaging method. The results of the 3D modelling method are compared with the conventional CT methods (2D CT method and 3D imaging method) using 20 dried femurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344865
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of femoral neck anteversion in 3D. Part 1: 3D imaging method (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 603-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Femoral anteversion ; Rendering ; 3D imaging ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Femoral neck anteversion is the torsion of the femoral head with reference to the distal femur. Conventional methods that use cross-sectional computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance or ultrasound images to estimate femoral anteversion have met with several problems owing to the complex, three-dimensional (3D) structure of the femur. These problems include not only the difficulty of defining the direction of the femoral neck axis and condylar line but also the dependency upon patient positioning. In particular, the femoral neck axis, the direction of the femoral head, known as the major source of error, is difficult to determine from either a single or several two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional images. A new method has been devised for the measurement of femoral anteversion using the 3D imaging technique. 3D reconstructed CT images from the femoral head and trochanter to the distal femur are used to measure the anteversion. It is necessary to remove the soft tissue from the CT images and extract just the bone part. Then, the femoral anteversion is measured from a computer-rendered femur image. The 3D imaging method is compared with both the conventional 2D method and the physical method using 20 dried femurs. For the physical method, which is used as a reference value, a special apparatus is devised. The average difference between the results of the physical method and those of the 2D CT method is 5.33°. The average difference between the results of the physical method and those of the 3D imaging method is 0.45°. Seventy-four patients, who suffer from toe-in-gait disease, are tested to compare the 3D imaging method with the conventional 2D CT method. The average difference between the 2D and 3D methods is 8.6°, and the standard is 7.43°. This method provides a very accurate and reliable measurement of femoral anteversion, as it is virtually equivalent to the direct measurement of bisected dried femur in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344864
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial interface formation study of the Mg/Si(111) system (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 1151-1155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The initial interface and silicide formation induced by Mg adsorption on the Si(111)7×7 surface have been studied using low-energy electron diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. At room temperature, it is found that Mg atoms are preferably adsorbed on top sites of Si adatoms and rest atoms on the Si(111)7×7 surface and with increasing of Mg deposition, a Mg2Si epitaxial layer is formed and the surface structure transforms from the diffuse (1×1) phase into the (2/3(square root of)3×2/3(square root of)3)R30°. After growing up to a critical thickness, the Mg film grew in a disordered phase on the epitaxial layer. The Fermi level of the Mg2Si film is positioned at 0.51±0.05 eV above the valence band maximum. On the other hand, at 300 °C the Mg2Si epitaxial layer was formed in the (1×1) phase on the Si(111)7×7 and grew up to a critical thickness in the initial stage. For the successive evaporation, the Mg film grew in a disordered phase on the Mg2Si(111)1×1 surface. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360349
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of densities and mobilities of heavy and light holes in p-type Si using reduced-conductivity-tensor analyses of magnetic-field-dependent Hall and resistivity measurements (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4425-4428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The densities and mobilities of the individual heavy- and light-hole carriers have been simultaneously determined at various temperatures (40 K to 130 K) in three p-type, single-crystal Si samples. The separation of the two-hole components is achieved by multicarrier analyses of magnetic-field-dependent Hall and resistivity measurements within the two-carrier approximation of the reduced-conductivity-tensor scheme. The explicit experimental values for the densities and mobilities of the two-hole components obtained in this work should be considered as a valuable addition to the existing database for silicon material parameters. They should also be useful to silicon device physics and modeling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363403
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel nanoemulsification method of stirring at the Θ-point with the tocopherol-based block co-polymer nonionic emulsifier PPG-20 Tocophereth-50 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nanoemulsions have recently become increasingly important as potential vehicles for the controlled delivery of cosmetics and for the optimized dispersion of active ingredients in particular skin layers. The preparation of conventional nanoemulsions requires mainly high-pressure homogenization, which is unproductive and requires high energy due to its lower efficiency, limiting their practical applications. In order to solve these problems novel nanoemulsions were studied using a model system of pseudo-ternary water/emulsifier/paraffin oil. Nanoemulsions were prepared by stirring a mixture of the tocopherol-containing block co-polymer emulsifier PPG-20 Tocophereth-50, paraffin oil, and distilled water at the Θ-point using weight fractions of the dispersed phase (φ) of 0.31 to 0.82 and an emulsifier content of 1.0 to 9 wt.%. The emulsifying property of PPG-20 Tocophereth-50 in nanoemulsions was compared with that of the conventional emulsifiers Tocophereth-43, a mixture of polysorbate 60 and sesquioleate (3/1), and phospholipids. Also the emulsifying property of PPG-20 Tocophereth-50 in the more hydrophilic oils caprylic/capric triglyceride and octyldodecanol was compared with that in paraffin oil. The stability and morphology of the resulting nanoemulsions were studied by visual inspection, optical microscopy, particle size analysis, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. In the nanoemulsion systems containing caprylic/capric triglyceride and octyldodecanol, respectively, as an oil phase PPG-20 Tocophereth-50 showed emulsification properties similar to those in paraffin oil. The conventional emulsifiers Tocophereth-43, a mixture of polysorbate 60 and sesquioleate (3/1), and phospholipids did not give nanoemulsions with high-speed stirring. The block co-polymer nonionic emulsifier PPG-20 Tocophereth-50 was found to produce stable nanoemulsions of mean droplet diameters ranging from 204 to 499 nm. The emulsification method of high-speed stirring at the Θ-point using PPG-20 Tocophereth-50 was found to be very effective for the preparation of stable nanoemulsions useful for applications in skincare cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00259_5.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of culture and self-construals on predispositions toward verbal communication (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human communication research 27 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: This study tested the effects of culture and self-construals (i.e., independence and interdependence) on predispositions toward verbal communication. For the purpose of this study, we focused on two main areas of verbal communication predispositions: (a) communication apprehension and (b) argumentativeness. In our path model, we expected that culture-level individualism increases one's construal of self as independent, which, in turn, leads to a higher degree of argumentativeness and a lower level of communication apprehension. We also expected that culture-level individualism decreases one's construal of self as interdependent, which, in turn, leads to a lower degree of argumentativeness and a higher level of communication apprehension. Data to test the model were drawn from undergraduates (N=539) studying in Korea, Hawaii, and mainland U.S. The data were partially consistent with the theoretical predictions made. The implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00786.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Splitting of the heavy and light hole bands due to the indium-induced strain in three inch indium-alloyed semi-insulating GaAs substrates (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 1476-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) method, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) were used to observe the radial distribution of the band-edge transition and modification of the band structure due to the variation of indium in 3 in. indium-alloyed semi-insulating GaAs (InxGa1−xAs) grown by the liquid-encapsulated Czochralski method. The data from room temperature PR measurements showed the variation of the transition energy with positions indicating the radial distribution of the indium content across the wafers; indium content being higher around the edge region than the central area. The splitting of the degenerate valence band around the edge region of the wafers was also shown in PR data due to the different indium content in adjacent regions where indium content varies rapidly. The XRD measurements showed the drastic change in the distribution of lattice constant on where the splitting of the heavy and light holes happened and the SIMS analysis was adopted to confirm the distribution of indium content across the wafer. The possible model was proposed from the experimental data. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373842
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argon ionization cross sections for charge state distribution modeling in electron cyclotron resonance ion source : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 638-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An updated and more accurate database for single- and double-ionization cross sections for almost all argon ions has been developed for the modeling of the charge state distribution (CSD) within an electron cyclotron resonance ion source. When the highly non-Maxwellian anisotropic electron-distribution function, is modeled by a Fokker–Planck code, one has to use the ionization cross sections instead of the Maxwellian rate coefficients. Most of the fitting coefficients used within the well-established semi-empirical formulas for direct ionization and double ionization have been recalculated using more accurate crossed-beam experimental data available. The shift of the CSD to higher-charge states due to the contribution of excitation autoionization and double ionization is presented by comparing the GEM code modeling using the Lotz formula and the cross sections with updated fitting coefficients. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1427030
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical measurements of core density fluctuations in TEXT-U using a helium metastable beam : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 842-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact, portable, eight-channel, filter spectrometer has been designed for beam emission spectroscopy measurements of long-wavelength density fluctuations on TEXT-U and Phaedrus-T. The system uses radially elongated image volumes which maximize the étendue of the system while still resolving the dominant fluctuations (kr〈2 cm−1, kθ〈6 cm−1). Because of the vertical injection geometry of the TEXT-U diagnostic neutral beam, there is little Doppler shift of the beam emissions and thus a nonhydrogenic species must be used to distinguish between the beam and edge emissions. A He0 metastable beam has been found to provide good beam penetration with little contamination of the detected beam fluorescence by edge emission. A multistep excitation model is used to quantitatively interpret the fluctuations in the intensity of the He0 triplet (3P0–3D, 587.6 nm) as plasma density fluctuations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146244
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 1881-1883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrical and magnetic properties of the superconducting oxides with nominal composition (Bi0.7 Pb0.3 )2Sr2Ca2 Cu3 Ox prepared from polymeric precursors have been investigated. Superconducting transition with zero-resistance temperature at T=108 K was achieved for a sample sintered at 840 °C under a low oxygen pressure. The critical current density at 77 K in a zero magnetic field is ∼400 A/cm2 , which is much higher than that of the Pb-free sample. Variations of the superconducting transition temperature, the critical current density, and magnetic properties with heat treatment time are discussed in connection with the structural properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344370
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