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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional inhomogeneities in sputtered Co-Cr magnetic thin films studied by atom probe field ion microscopy (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 8025-8031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compositional inhomogeneities in Co-22 at. % Cr sputtered thin films have been studied quantitatively using atom probe field ion microscopy. For comparison, a Co-22 at. % Cr bulk alloy specimen has also been examined. As predicted from the recently published phase diagram, a solution treated Co-Cr bulk alloy specimen does not contain detectable chemical inhomogeneities. On the other hand, the Co-22 at. % Cr thin film sputter deposited at 200 °C consists of two distinct phases with different Cr concentrations. The size of each phase is in the order of 8 nm which is significantly smaller than the grain size of the specimen; however, the film that was sputter deposited at ambient temperature exhibited a significantly lower level of compositional inhomogeneity. Based on these results, it is concluded that the phase separation progresses when thin films are deposited on heated substrates. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357921
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of loss boundaries and ion flux spectra of end-loss ions in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10 (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 3823-3826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Loss boundaries and ion flux spectra of end-loss ions have been observed by means of a new diagnostic device in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10 [Nucl. Fusion Suppl. 1, 429 (1983)]. In consequence of measuring simultaneously both the pitch angle profile and energy of the end-loss ions, the loss boundaries were directly ascertained to be composed of two hyperbolic lines characterized by the electrostatic plug potential in the velocity space, and also high outer mirror throat potential was found. The flux spectra were compared with the two types of theoretical results, and discussed from a viewpoint of Coulomb collision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860338
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The energy component analyzer and spectrum analysis of end-loss ions in a tandem mirror (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 899-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Features of the electrostatic energy analyzer of a cylindrical type are described with the aim of measuring the end-loss ions in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10. The analyzer provides us with information about ion density distributions in a loss-cone region of velocity space as well as plug potential in the tandem mirror. Application of the analyzer to the tandem mirror experiments and the energy spectrum analysis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142027
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atom probe compositional analysis of Co-Cr sputtered magnetic thin films (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 2504-2506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Co-22 at. % magnetic thin film, sputter deposited on a heated Cu coated Si substrate, was analyzed in the planar direction of the film by atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM). The atom probe concentration depth profile convincingly showed that the film contained two phases, one enriched in Cr up to 30–35 at. % and the other enriched in Co up to 95–93 at. %. This result indicates that Co-22 at. % Cr thin film deposited on a heated substrate consists of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases, each less than a few tens of nanometers in size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109336
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TiCN: A new chemical vapor deposited contact barrier metallization for submicron devices (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2416-2418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-quality chemical vapor deposited TiCN films were produced in a single wafer reactor using a metallorganic (TDMAT) precursor. The films have excellent step coverage over high aspect-ratio contacts as well as very low particle content. These properties are obtained because the films are deposited under surface-reaction controlled conditions. The films show also excellent barrier properties against Al and WF6 attack. These properties make this material a superb contact barrier material for ultra-large-scale integrated devices. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112693
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of Der p and Der f I quantities in the reference preparations of Dermatophagoides mite extracts (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MoAb-ELISA) was developed to measure the major Dermatophagoides mite allergens, Der p I and Der f I, The assay was highly species-specific and sensitive. Using this assay system, the absolute mass unit of Der p I and Der fI in the reference preparations of the extracts was estimated. The primary standards used were the purified Der p I and Der f I preparations. The reference preparations of the D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae extracts (92-Dp) and 92-Df), which had been prepared from the same amount of mite bodies of both species, were found to contain the same levels of the Der I allergens, 10.1 μg/ml of Der p I and 10.0 μg/ml of Der f I, respectively. A histamine release assay with leucocytes from mite-allergic donors showed that the total allergenic potency of 92-Dp and 92-Df was comparable. This result indicates that the estimated Der I levels in these extracts seem to be valid, at least, in the balanece between the two species, although further comparisons of the absolute quantities by several different laboratories are needed. The Der I levels in the WHO/IUIS international reference preparation of D. pteronyssinus and the CBER standard mite extracts, E4-Dp and E5-Df, were also estimated using this assay system. They were found to contain 4.4 μg/viaI and 13.3 μg/ml of Der p I and 9.5 μg/ml of Der f I, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02739.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF YIELD STRENGTH ON THE BASIC FATIGUE STRENGTH OF WELDED JOINTS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The basic fatigue strength of welded joints in four steels having different yield strengths has been obtained by tests in which the maximum applied stress was held constant and equal to the yield strength, to simulate the tensile residual stress in real large-scale structures. In the long-life region superior properties occurred with a decrease in the yield strength. It is therefore suggested that both low yield strength steel, which can be produced by a thermo-mechanical control process without affecting the tensile strength, and steels or welding consumables which show a low transformation temperature, may have a high fatigue strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00760.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose transporter gene expression in rat conceptus during early organogenesis and exposure to insulin-induced hypoglycemic serum (1993)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 30 (1993), S. 73-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Embryogenesis ; Glucose transporter ; Growth retardation ; Hypoglycemia ; Neural tube defect ; Rat embryo culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the glucose transporter gene and protein expression during early organogenesis in the rat and in rat embryos cultured with hypoglycemic serum. Erythrocyte-type glucose transporter (GLUT-1) mRNA was expressed at a high level in embryos; peak levels were reached at days 10.5–11.5 and decreased as gestational age increased. In contrast, the insulin regulaable glucose transporter (GLUT-4) mRNA was not detected. The levels of GLUT-1 protein determined by Western blot analysis increased in parallel with expression of the glucose transporter (GLUT-1) gene and peak levels were observed on days 10.5 and 11.5, which correspond to the main periods of neural tube formation. Immunohistochemical staining of the embryo on day 10.5 showed that GLUT-1 protein was abundantly located in the tissue of neural tube. When embryos were cultured from day 9.5 to day 10.5 with insulin-induced hypoglycemic serum containing 2–3 mM glucose an increased frequency of anterior neural tube defects was observed in association with a significant reduction of the glycolytic flux. Increased levels of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein were not observed during the culture with hypoglycemic serum compared with the levels in embryos cultured in normal serum. Addition of insulin to normal serum (500 μU/ml) did not affect the GLUT-1 mRNA and protein levels. GLUT-1 mRNA and protein are strongly expressed in the embryo during early organogenesis, especially in the tissues of the neural tube, and the expression of the glucose transporter did not increase in response to prolonged glycopenia. This may account for the vulnerability of embryogenesis to hypoglycemia during these critical developmental periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578217
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trajectory formation of arm movement by cascade neural network model based on minimum torque-change criterion (1990)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 62 (1990), S. 275-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We proposed that the trajectory followed by human subject arms tended to minimize the time integral of the square of the rate of change of torque (Uno et al. 1987). This minimum torque-change model predicted and reproduced human multi-joint movement data quite well (Uno et al. 1989). Here, we propose a neural network model for trajectory formation based on the minimum torque-change criterion. Basic ideas of information representation and algorithm are(i) spatial representation of time,(ii) learning of forward dynamics and kinetics model and(iii) relaxation computation based on the acquired model. The model can resolve ill-posed inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics problems for redundant controlled object as well as ill-posed trajectory formation problems. By computer simulation, we show that the model can produce a multi-joint arm trajectory while avoiding obstacles or passing through viapoints.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201442
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of leukotriene C4 in experimental cerebral vasospasm (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1991), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leukotriene C4 ; Basilar artery ; Neutrophils ; Macrophages ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experimental cerebral vasospasm was produced in a “two-hemorrhage” canine model and examined by immunohistochemistry for leukotriene C4 (LTC4). The immunostain for LTC4 showed a strong positivity in intima and adventitia and a scattered reaction in media of normal basilar artery. The immunoreactivity after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was little changed in intima and media. Inflammatory cells which were characterized histochemically as neutrophils and macrophages, were shown to infiltrate from the adventitia of basilar artery to the periphery of blood clot after SAH and were markedly immunoreactive for LTC4. Also the neutrophils increased in number with the lapse of time after SAH. Thus, it would be reasonable to conclude that the LTC4 responsible for the development of vasospasm would most likely be produced from the infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages. In addition, neurons in hypothalamus, median eminence, and pons, as well as ependymal and arachnoid cells were immunoreactive for LTC4 both in the control and after SAH, whereas astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were not immunoreactive for LTC4 in either case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293461
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