Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sumatriptan is a potent and selective agonist at the vascular 5HT1 receptor which mediates constriction of certain large cranial blood vessels and/or inhibits the release of vasoactive neuropeptides from perivascular trigeminal axons in the dura mater following activation of the trigeminovascular system. The mode of action of this drug in migraine and cluster headache is discussed. On the basis of a detailed review of all published trials and available data from post-marketing studies, the efficacy, safety, tolerability and the place of oral and subcutaneous sumatriptan in the treatment of both conditions are assessed. A number of double-blind clinical trials have demonstrated that sumatriptan 100 mg administered orally is clearly superior to placebo in the acute treatment of migraine headache and achieves significantly greater response rates than ergotamine or aspirin. In other studies, 70 to 80% of patients receiving sumatriptan 6 mg sc experienced relief of migraine headaches by 1 or 2 h after administration, and patients consistently required less rescue medication for unresolved symptoms. Sumatriptan was also effective in relieving associated migraine symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Sumatriptan was equally effective regardless of migraine type or duration of migraine symptoms. Overall, approximately 40% of patients who initially responded to oral or subcutaneous sumatriptan experienced recurrence of their headache usually within 24 h, effectively treated by a further dose of this drug.In 75% of patients with cluster headache treated with sumatriptan 6 mg sc, relief was achieved within 15 min. Based on pooled study data, sumatriptan is generally well tolerated and most adverse events are transient. Adverse events following oral administration include nausea, vomiting, malaise, fatigue and dizziness. With the subcutaneous injection, injection site reactions occur in approximately 30%. Chest symptoms are reported in 3 to 5% but have been associated with myocardial ischaemia only in rare isolated cases. The recommended dosage of sumatriptan at the onset of migraine symptoms is 100 mg orally or 6 mg subcutaneously. The recommended dosage for cluster headache is 6 mg sumatriptan sc. Sumatriptan must not be given together with vascoconstrictive substances, e.g. ergotamines, or with migraine prophylactics with similar properties, e.g. methysergide. Sumatriptan should not be given during the migraine aura. It is contraindicated in patients with ischaemic heart disease, previous myocardial infarction, Prinzmetal (variant) angina and uncontrolled hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Amitriptyline is the medication of first choice in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache. In 197 patients with chronic tension-type headache (87M and 110F with a mean age of 38 ±13 (18–68)) efficacy and tolerability of 60–90 mg amitriptylinoxide (AO) were compared with 50–75 mg amitriptyline (AM) and placebo (PL) in a double-blind, parallel-group trial consisting of a four weeks’ baseline phase and 12 weeks of treatment. The primary study endpoint was a reduction of at least 50% of the product of headache duration and frequency and a reduction of at least 50% in headache intensity. Statistics used were Fisher’s exact test and analysis of variance. No significant difference emerged between AO, AM and PL with respect to the primary study endpoint. Treatment response occurred in 30.3% of the AO, 22.4% of the AM and 21.9% of the PL group. A reduction in headache duration and frequency of at least 50% was found in 39.4% on AO, in 25.4% on AM and in 26.6% on PL (PAO-PL = .1384, PAM-PL = 1.000, PAO-AM = .0973). A reduction in headache intensity of at least 50% was found in 31.8% on AO, in 26.9% on AM and in 26.6% on PL (PAO-PL = .5657, PAM-PL = 1.000, PAO-AM = .5715). Trend analysis with respect to a significant reduction of headache intensity (p 〈 0.05) and the product of headache duration and frequency revealed a superior effect of AO. Adverse events occurred in 75.8% on AO, 82.1% on AM and 76.6% on PL (PAO-PL = 1.000, PAM-PL =.5188, PAO-AM = .4017). Neither depressive symptoms, measured by the SCL-90-R, nor study drug-related adverse events had any influence on the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alniditan is a new 5HT1D receptor agonist, belonging to a different chemical class from sumatriptan and other indole derivatives used or being developed for the treatment of acute migraine. In a multinational double-blind randomized parallel-groups dose-finding trial, alniditan was given subcutaneously in hospital to patients with migraine headache of moderate or severe intensity at doses of 0.8 mg (n = 44), 1.0 mg (n = 42), 1.2 mg (n=46) and 1.4 mg (n=39). Efficacy, tolerability and safety of each dose were compared with those of placebo (n =41 ). At 2 h after injection, headache was absent or mild in 83% and 82% of patients receiving alniditan 1.2 and 1.4 mg respectively compared with 39% for placebo (p0.002). Complete relief from headache was achieved in 72% (1.4 mg) Time to onset of relief decreased with increasing alniditan dose, and there was a dose-dependent reduction in headache recurrence rate: 25% of patients receiving 1.4 mg had responded by 15 min and headache recurred within 24 h in only 16% of the patients who initially responded to alniditan 1.4 mg, significantly less than for placebo (p=0.018). Alniditan was superior to placebo in reducing the associated symptoms of nausea, phonophobia and photophobia, and in increasing patients’ functional ability. The use of rescue medication was reduced when compared with placebo, and up to 87% of patients said that they would use the drug again if available. No clinically relevant cardiovascular effects were seen, nor consistent changes in clinical laboratory findings. Adverse effects, mainly head pressure, paraesthesia, and hot flushes, were reported by 34% of placebo-treated patients and up to 70% of patients receiving alniditan, but all doses were very well tolerated and no clear relationship with dose was established. Comparison with published findings suggests that alniditan 1.4 mg sc may have advantages over sumatriptan 6 mg sc in providing complete relief from acute migraine headache, and may be associated with fewer headache recurrences within 24h. Both of these suggestions warrant further and larger trials of alniditan in acute migraine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 90 (1983), S. 159-165 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Alcohol, effect on the spinocerebellum ; Posturography ; Alkohol, Wirkung auf Spinocerebellum ; Posturographie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Alkoholwirkung auf die Standsicherheit wurde in einem Akutexperiment bei 12 gesunden Versuchspersonen untersucht. Sie tranken innerhalb 1h 11 Wein. Die danach gemessenen Blutalkoholspiegel lagen zwischen 0,9 und 1,67 mg/ml. Die Standmessung am Ende der Trinkphase und 1h danach ergab bei geschlossenen Augen eine signifikante Zunahme der Körperunruhe, vor allem durch vermehrtes antero-posteriores Schwanken. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse der Posturographie im Akut-experiment und bei Patienten mit umschriebenen cerebellären Läsionen verschiedener Lokalisation zeigt, daß auch im Akutexperiment, wie durch den chronischen Abusus, vor allem das Spinocerebellum durch den Alkohol in seiner Funktion beeinträchtigt wird.
    Notes: Summary The effect of an acute intoxication with alcohol on the stability of stance was examined in 12 healthy subjects. They drank 11 of wine within 1h. The resulting blood alcohol concentrations ranged between 0.9 and 1.67 mg/ml. Static posturography at the end of drinking and 1h later revealed a significant increase in body sway which was mainly due to an increase in anteroposterior sway only present with closed eyes. A comparison of the results of posturography after acute intoxication with the data of patients with permanent lesions confined to the different functional subunits of the cerebellum shows that the acute effect of alcohol largely resembles that of a chronic lesion of the cerebellar anterior lobe (the spinocerebellum).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Meningoencephalitis ; Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection ; Mycobacterium avium intracellulare drug therapy ; AIDS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A wide variety of pathologies afflicting the CNS is see in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We report the case of relapsing meningoencephalitis caused by Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) in a homosexual male with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in whom repeated use of polymerase chain reaction was required to detect MAI-specific DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. Successful responses to early empirical antibiotic combination treatment, including the drugs clarithromycin and rifabutin, were demonstrated by clinical, EEG, and CSF improvement during an 8-month period. To our knowledge, this study presents the first known patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome effectively treated for MAI meningoencephalitis and suggests that modern antimycobacterial combination therapy may improve the poor prognosis of CNS infections with nontuberculous myoobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Hemiparesis ; Posture ; Voluntary movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Postural adjustments associated with the task of raising oneself on tiptoes were investigated in a reaction time paradigm in six normal subjects and six patients with hemiparesis due to stroke. Body and ankle position in space were measured by means of a movement analysis system (ELITE). The findings indicate that the task of going up on tiptoes is performed in two steps. First, the centre of gravity is shifted forward to a position per pendicular to the forefoot. This movement is initiated by a phasic burst of EMG activity in the tibialis anterior (TA). The activity of the quadriceps femoris (QUA) aids the forward shift and together with the biceps femoris (BF) stabilizes the knee. Following these postural adjustments, the action of going up on tip-toes is performed mainly by the gastrocnemius medialis (MG). The basic pattern of preparatory (TA, QUA, BF) and focal (MG) activity was disturbed in its temporal sequence in patients with hemiparesis. The analysis of the biomechanical data showed smaller movement velocities for leaning forward and going up on tiptoes in patients, with increased duration of going up on tiptoes and decreased movement amplitude on the paretic side. In addition, the correlation between the start of horizontal (leaning forward) and vertical (going up on tiptoes) hip movement was lost in patients. The preserved correlation between the latency of MG activity and the onset of the vertical hip movement on the paretic side in patients and the loss of correlation on the non-paretic side indicates that the EMG activity on the healthy side is adapted to the functional requirements of the affected side. The findings demonstrate that preparatory and executional activity are not programmed as a unit, but are more likely to be generated by a hierachically organized structure using proprioceptive and exteroceptive feedback.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Zervikalgie ; HWS-Schleudertrauma ; Myofaszialer Schmerz ; Schmerzmessung ; Key words Neck pain ; Pain measurement ; Myofascial pain ; Whiplash injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In patients with an acute cervicocephalic pain syndrome following whiplash injury (n=12), pressure-pain scores for the splenius and the trapezius muscles on both sides, for the fingers on both sides and for the skull were recorded and compared to a control group. A computer-aided pain measurement was applied, which is presented as an improvement of pressure algesimetry. During constant application of pressure stimuli, the patient rated the increasing pain on a visual analogue scale, resulting in a curve of pain intensity against time. Slope and integral of the curve proved to be the most reliable parameters. After whiplash injury, significantly increased pain scores were found for the splenius muscle on both sides, for the left trapezius muscle and for the left finger whereas there was only a tendency of increased pain at the other stimulation sites. The presented method allows quantification of the cervical syndrome with neck and shoulder muscle sprain caused by whiplash injury. This objective and rater-independent method is of great value for diagnostic, therapeutic and medico-legal purposes in the assessment of the disease course and in clinical therapy trials.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit akutem zervikozephalen Schmerzsyndrom nach einem HWS-Schleudertrauma (n=12) wurde die Druckschmerzempfindlichkeit für die Mm. trapezius und splenius beidseits, für die Finger beidseits und am Vertex quantitativ bestimmt und mit einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen. Angewandt wurde eine computerinteraktive Weiterentwicklung der Druckalgesimetrie. Während der konstanten Applikation von Druckstimuli stellten Patienten die zunehmenden Schmerzen kontinuierlich auf einer visuellen Analogskala ein, so daß sich eine Schmerzintensität-Zeit-Funktion bestimmen ließ. Als zuverlässigste Parameter erwiesen sich Steigung und Integral der Kurve. Signifikant erhöhte Werte fanden sich nach Schleudertrauma für den M. splenius beidseits, den linken M. trapezius und den linken Finger, während für die anderen Reizorte lediglich eine Tendenz zu erhöhten Werten bestand. Die vorgestellte Methode eignet sich zur Quantifizierung eines Zervikalsyndroms mit durch Schleudertrauma bedingter Zerrung der Schulter- und Nackenmuskulatur. Diese objektive, untersucherunabhängige Befundquantifizierung ist wertvoll bei diagnostischen, therapeutischen und gutachterlichen Fragestellungen in der Verlaufskontrolle und in klinischen Therapiestudien.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 769-777 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Posttraumatischer Kopfschmerz ; HWS-Schleudertrauma ; Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ; Commotio cerebri ; Distorsion der Halswirbelsäule ; Key words Posttraumatic headache ; Head trauma ; Whiplash injury ; Cervical spine ; Tension type headache
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Head trauma (HT) and whiplash injury (WI) is followed by a posttraumatic headache (PH) in approx. 90% of patients. The PH due to common WI is located occipitally (67%), is of dull-pressing or dragging character (77%) and lasts on average 3 weeks. Tension headache is the most frequent type of PH (85%). Besides posttraumatic cervicogenic headache or symptomatic, secondary headache due to SDH, SAB, ICB or increased ICP, migraine- or cluster-like headache can be observed in rare cases. Prolonged application of analgetics (〉4 weeks) can cause a drug induced headache. In 80% of patients PH following HT shows remission within 6 months. Chronic PH lasting at least 4 years occurs in 20%. Unfavorouble prognostic factors include an age higher than 40 yrs, a low intellectual, educational and socio-economic level, previous HT or a history of alcohol abuse. A prolonged PH due to WI can be expected in patients with initially severe headache, with an extensive decrease of mobility of the cervical spine, with subjective impediment, with depressive mood, with somatic-vegetative complaints, with a history of pretraumatic headache and with increased age. Acute PH is treated with analgesics, antiphlogistics and/or muscle relaxants; chronic PH with thymoleptics (e.g. Amitryptiline or Amitryptiline oxide). Additional physical therapy (e.g. wearing a cervical collar for a short time, hydrocollator pack), physiotherapy incl. muscle relaxation techniques (Jacobson) and psychotherapy can be performed. Medico-legal issues should be solved as soon as possible.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Schädel-Hirn-Traumen (SHT) und HWS-Schleudertraumen (HWS-ST) werden in 90% von einem posttraumatischen Kopfschmerz (PK) gefolgt. Der PK nach leichtgradigem HWS-ST ist meist okzipital betont (67%), von dumpf-drückendem und/oder ziehendem Charakter (77%) und hält im Mittel 3 Wochen an. Der Spannungskopfschmerz ist mit 85% der häufigste Typ der posttraumatischen Kopfschmerzen. Neben zervikogenem Kopfschmerz und einem symptomatischen (sekundären) Kopfschmerz bei SDH, SAB, ICB oder intrakranieller Druckerhöhung sind in seltenen Fällen posttraumatische Kopfschmerzen möglich, die der Mitgräne oder dem Cluster-KS ähneln. Es kann sich ein Medikamenten induzierter Dauerkopfschmerz entwickeln, wenn bei akutem PK Analgetika länger als 4 Wochen verabreicht werden. Nach SHT sind nach 1/2 Jahr über 80% der Patienten kopfschmerzfrei; 20% chronifizieren zumindest über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von 4 Jahren. Prognostisch ungünstige Faktoren sind ein Alter über 40 Jahre, ein geringes intelektuelles und sozioökonomisches Niveau, ein geringer Ausbildungsstand, eine positive SHT-Anamnese oder ein Alkoholabusus. Eine längere Kopfschmerzdauer nach HWS-ST ist zu erwarten bei initial heftigem Kopfschmerz, bei ausgeprägter Einschränkung der passiven HWS-Mobilität, bei Patienten mit schlechter Befindlichkeit, mit depressiver Verstimmung oder mit somatisch-vegetativen Beschwerden und bei Patienten höheren Alters. Die Behandlung des PK erfolgt in der Akutphase mit einfachen Analgetika, Antiphlogistika und/oder Muskelrelaxantien, falls erforderlich mit transienter HWS-Immobilisation mit Hilfe einer Halskrause; bei länger anhaltendem PK mit Gabe von trizyklischen Thymoleptika (z.B. Amitriptylin oder Amitriptylin-Oxid) begleitend zu einer allgemein-roborierenden, physikalischen und physiotherapeutischen Behandlung, im Bedarfsfall mit begleitender psychotherapeutischer Stützung. Zur Vermeidung einer PK-Chronifizierung wird eine rasche Klärung forensischer Angelegenheiten empfohlen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Internist 40 (1999), S. 153-161 
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Migräne ; Migräneprophylaxe ; Spannungskopfschmerz ; Clusterkopfschmerz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit der Prävalenz, Klinik, Diagnostik und Differentialdiagnostik, vorwiegend allerdings mit der Therapie von chronischen rezidivierenden Kopfschmerzen, Migräne, Spannungs- und Cluster-Kopfschmerz. Bekanntermaßen sind Patienten, die an Kephalgien leiden, häufig Problemfälle im ärztlichen Alltag. Das könnte auch daran liegen, daß die oft im Vordergrund stehende psychische Alteration der Patienten weniger als Folge denn – fälschlicherweise – als wesentliche Ursache der Schmerzzustände angesehen wird. Viel spricht für eine Unterschätzung der somatischen Ätiologie, was natürlich eine inadäquate Behandlung zur Folge haben kann. Gerade für die Migränebehandlung stehen Medikamente zahlreicher Stoffgruppen zur Verfügung, die sehr differenziert eingesetzt und sorgfältig überwacht werden müssen. So ist z.B. ein häufiges Problem, daß bei langanhaltenden Migräneattacken am Ende der pharmakologischen Wirkung entsprechender Präparate die Kopfschmerzen wieder auftreten können. Dies trifft besonders für die sonst so effektiven Triptane zu. Die Kopfschmerzbehandlung wird in dieser Übersicht eingehend dargelegt und in entsprechenden Empfehlungen tabellarisch zusammengefaßt. Darüber hinaus kommt in der Kopfschmerztherapie auch allgemeinen Maßnahmen wie Ruhe, Reizabschirmung, Schlafanbahnung und nicht zuletzt eine einfühlsame ärztliche Betreuung unter Einbeziehung psychischer Gesichtspunkte große Bedeutung zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 73 (1988), S. 167-180 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Movement control ; Timing ; Movement execution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a previous study (Ivry and Keele, in press), cerebellar patients were found to be impaired on both a motor and a perceptual task which required accurate timing. This report presents case study analyses of seven patients with focal lesions in the cerebellum. The lesions were predominantly in the lateral, hemispheric regions for four of the patients. For the remaining three patients, the lesions were centered near the medial zone of the cerebellum. The clinical evaluation of the patients also was in agreement with the different lesion foci: lateral lesions primarily impaired fine motor coordination, especially apparent in movements with the distal extremities and medial lesions primarily disturbed balance and gait. All of the patients were found to have increased variability in performing rhythmic tapping when tapping with an effector (finger or foot) ipsilateral to the lesion in comparison to their performance with a contralateral effector. Separable estimates of a central timekeeper component and an implementation component were derived from the total variability scores following a model developed by Wing and Kristofferson (1973). This analysis indicated that the poor performance of patients with lateral lesions can be attributed to a deficit in the central timing process. In contrast, patients with medial lesions are able to accurately determine when to make a response, but are unable to implement the response at the desired time. A similar dissociation between the lateral and medial regions has been observed on a time perception task in patients with cerebellar atrophy. It is concluded that the lateral regions of the cerebellum are critical for the accurate functioning of an internal timing system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...