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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 43 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims:  To investigate the prognostic significance of chromosomal alterations in colorectal cancer patients. Histopathological tumour classification is still considered to be the gold standard for the characterization of solid tumours. However, it is well known that such established parameters do not satisfactorily predict the clinical outcome in individual cases. Markers that reliably predict survival are needed. These markers should guide the clinical treatment of neoplastic disease.Methods and results:  Chromosomal imbalances in 61 colorectal carcinoma specimens in 37 patients determined by comparative genomic hybridization were correlated with patient survival using custom-made computer software which enabled the assessment of individual chromosomal loci. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that over-representations of 2p14-15, 6q23-6q24, 15q22-15q23, 22q11.2 and deletions of 1p36.1-36.2, 4q31.3, 4q35, 8q12-q21, 8p11.2 and 9p22 were significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival, whereas over-expression of 20q13.3 and deletion of 18q11.2 were significantly associated with longer disease-specific survival in this collection of colorectal cancers. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models consistently identified gains of 2p14-15, 15q22-23, 22q11.2 and losses of 1p36.1-36.2 and 4q35 as independent markers of shorter patient survival carrying greater significance than the classical clinicopathological parameters of nodal status and tumour grade.Conclusions:  These five markers allow a molecular categorization of patients into high and low clinical risk groups. Thus, the genomic data have refined the histopathological classification highlighting the necessity for a supplementary genetically based stratification of colorectal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Biology International Reports 14 (1990), S. 140 
    ISSN: 0309-1651
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 636-642 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Three-dimensional imaging ; Endorectal ultrasonography ; Rectal cancer ; Stenosis ; Preoperative staging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Preoperative staging of advanced carcinoma of the rectum by conventional endorectal ultrasonography is often impossible because of the presence of obstruction, which does not allow passage of the endoprobe. In a prospective Study, we investigated the value of three-dimensional endorectal ultrasonography for staging of obstructing rectal cancer. This technique permits examination of obstructing rectal tumors because scan planes can be chosen deliberately within a scanned volume. METHODS: Overall obstructing tumors not accessible for conventional endoprobes were found in 26 of 94 patients who were subjected to endorectal ultrasonography for staging of rectal cancer. Three-dimensional volume scanning was performed using a three-dimensional frontfire transducer or a three-dimensional bifocal multiplane transducer (7.5/10 MHz). Data of the three-dimensional scans were stored on a hard disk for subsequent evaluation with a combison 530 processor. RESULTS: Three-dimensional transrectal endosonography enabled visualization of local tumor spread in all 26 patients. In 18 patients, obstruction was caused by advanced primary rectal carcinoma. Endosonography accurately determined the tumor infiltration depth in three T2 tumors, eight T3 tumors, and three T4 tumors. Overall accuracy for assessment of infiltration depth was 78 percent. Accuracy for assessment of perirectal lymph node involvement was 75 percent. In eight patients, the obstruction was attributable to extramural regrowth of rectal cancer after surgery. Diameter of the lesions ranged between 3 and 6 cm. Although all lesions were clearly depicted by three-dimensional endosonography, only five lesions (62 percent) were detected by computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional endorectal ultrasonography provides previously unattainable scan planes and enables accurate staging of obstructing rectal tumors. This technique may improve therapy planning in advanced rectal cancer by selecting patients who require preoperative adjuvant therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 39 (1996), S. 1373-1378 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Threedimensional endosonography ; Transrectal biopsy ; Recurrence ; Rectal cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The value of endorectal ultrasonography for postoperative follow-up of rectal cancer is limited by the inability to distinguish recurrent malignancy from benign lesions,e.g., fibrotic tissue. This study was conducted to investigate the role of three-dimensional (3D) endosonography for evaluation and biopsy of recurrent rectal cancer. METHODS: Endorectal ultrasonography was performed in routine follow-up program after resection of rectal cancer. 3D volume scans were recorded using a bifocal multiplane 3D transducer (7.5/10 MHz) with a 100
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 345 (1977), S. 647-647 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; Diagnosis ; Treatment ; Mamma-Carcinom ; Diagnose ; Therapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: ZusammenfaBung Durch die Übereinstimmung der an Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Mamma-Ca. beteiligten Disziplinen der Univ.-Kliniken Ulm gelang im Rahmen des Onkologischen Arbeitskreises der Univ. Ulm die Aufstellung einheitlicher Diagnostik und Therapierichtlinien. Die einzelnen Verfahren in derDiagnostik-obligat („Tripel-Diagnostik”) und fakultativ -undTherapie — chirurgische Primärtherapie, adjuvante Chemoimmunotherapie, Zusatztherapieformen, Netzplastik, Chemotherapieprotokolle beim metastasierenden M.C. - werden dargestellt und mit eigenen ErgebniBen belegt.
    Notes: Summary By agreement of the different divisions of the University Hospital in Ulm involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative follow-up program for breast cancer, it was poBible to establish a uniform regimen for diagnosis and treatment. The particular procedures indiagnosis-obligatory (“triple diagnosis”) and optional-and treatment-primary surgical therapy, adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, additional treatment forms, omentum plastic, protocols of chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer-are demonstrated and documented with own results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 345 (1977), S. 598-598 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Sarcoma, stomach, indications ; Lymphoma, malignant, indications ; malignes Lymphom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: ZusammenfaBung Diagnostisches und therapeutisches Vorgehen wird anhand von 39 Magensarkomen (3,7% aller malignen Magentumoren) dargestellt. Wichtig ist die Unterscheidung zwischen Leiomyosarkom, Neurosarkom und malignem Lymphom. Bei der ersten Gruppe ist die Operation die Methode der Wahl. Beim malignen Lypmphom hängt die Therapie davon ab, ob die Veränderung primär oder sekundär den Magen befallen hat. Bei fehlender Generalisierung ist die Resektion und Nachbestrahlung indiziert, andernfalls ist Bestrahlung und Chemotherapie anzuwenden. Im Vergleich zum Magencarcinom sind die überlebensraten günstiger.
    Notes: Summary Based on 39 sarcomas (3.7% of all malignant lesions of the stomach) diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, are presented. It is important to distinguish between leiomyosarcoma, neurosarcoma, and lymphoma of the stomach. In the first group, a surgical approach should be used. For malignant lymphoma, therapy depends upon whether the diagnosed lesion is primary or represents secondary involvment of the stomach. Resection and postoperative radiotherapy is indicated if no diBemination exists. Otherwise radiation or chemotherapy should be applied. Survival rates are better than those for carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 19 (1995), S. 282-286 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le cancer de l'anus est rare, représentant 1–2% de tous les cancers du tube digestif. En raison de cette rareté même, et parce que plusieurs modalités thérapeutiques ont déjà été proposées et évaluées, il est difficile d'établir une conduite à tenir standardisée. Pendant une assez longue période de temps, on a pensé que la chirurgie d'exérèse radicale était le chemin à suivre, et de nos jours encore, 30% des patients ont une amputation abdomino-périnéale. Cependant, des récidives ont été observées dans 20–40% des cas après une telle mutilation. D'autres modalités thérapeutiques ont été proposées dans le but de conserver la fonction sphinctérienne comprenant la radiothérapie externe ou interne, et la chimiothérapie. Pendant ces dernières années, on s'est beaucoup intéressé à l'association radiothérapie (50 Gy) et chimiothérapie (5-fluoracile + mitomycine C) qui, à présent, semble être la modalité la plus efficace en cas de cancer avancé. Avec cette association, on obtient un contrôle tumoral dans 60–80% des cas et il semble que cette modalité combinée améliore la durée de la survie sans maladie. En dépit de sa toxicité, on conseille la radiochimiothérapie comme modalité initiale pour la plupart des patients.
    Abstract: Resumen El cáncer anal es una rara entidad clinica que representa el 1–2% de todos los cánceres del tracto gastrointestinal. Debido a lo infreenente de esta neoplasia maligna, ha sido dificil establecer guías'de aceptación general para el tratamiento, aunque diversas modalidades terapéuticas han sido evaluadas. Por un largo tiempo la cirugia radical constituyó el tratamiento primario para todos los cánceres anales y todavía alrededor de 30% de los pacientes son sometidos a proctectomia abdominoperineal. Sin embargo, se registran tasas de recurrencia del orden de 20–40% luego de este procedimiento mutilante. Es por ello que en forma creciente se usan otras opciones de tratamiento, incluyendo la radioterapia, externa o intersticial, y la quinnioterpia, con la intención de conservar la función del esfinter. En los últimos affos se ha generado considerable interés en la terapia multimodal con irradiación (50Gy) y quimioterapia (5 fluoruracilo y mitomieina C). En el momento actual la radioquimioterapia parece ser la forma más eficaz de tratamiento en el cáncer anal avanzado. Se logra el control local-regional del tumor en 60–80% de los pacientes y hay evidencía de que la radioquimioterapia puede mejorar la sobrevida libre de enfermedad. A pesar de sa considerable toxicidad, la radioquimioterapia debe ser recomendada como el tratamiento primario en la mayoría de los casos.
    Notes: Abstract Anal cancer is a rare clinical entity which represents 1–2% of all gastrointestinal tract cancers. Due to the paucity of this malignancy it has been difficult to establish generally accepted guidelines for treatment, although various therapy modalities have been evaluated. For a long time radical surgery was the primary treatment for anal cancer and still about 30% of the patients undergo abdominoperineal rectotomy. However, recurrence rates of 20–40% have been observed after this multilating procedure. Therefore, other treatment options, including external or interstitial radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are used increasingly with the intention to preserve sphincter function. In the last years much interest has been addressed to multimodal therapy with radiation (50 Gy) and chemotherapy (5 fluouracil and mitomycin C). Presently radiochemotherapy appears to be the most efficient therapy in advanced anal cancer. Locoregional tumor control is obtained in 60–80% of the patients and there is evidence that radiochemotherapy can improve disease-free survival. Despite considerable toxicity, radiochemotherapy should be recommended as primary therapy to most patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Active specific immunotherapy was performed in a phase I study in 20 colorectal cancer patients after surgical resection of the tumor. An autologous tumor cell vaccine surface modified by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was used, which showed the following characteristics. After mechanical and enzymatic dissociation of the tumor tissue an average of 5 × 107 cells/g tissue was obtained. According to trypan blue dye exclusion assay the average viability was 72%. Following irradiation (200 Gy) the inactivation of proliferative activity of the cells could be demonstrated by the absence of incorporation of3H-labelled thymidine. The cells were, however, still metabolically active as shown by the incorporation of [3H]-uridine and a mixture of3H-labelled amino acids. Epithelium-specific antigens (detected by mAb HEA125) were expressed on more than 75% cells of the cell suspension indicating a high amount of (epithelium-derived) tumor cells. In order to increase the immunogenicity of the tumor cells the suspended cells were infected by the nonlytic, apathogenic Ulster strain of NDV. The successful modification of tumor cells with NDV could be shown by electron microscopy. Three weeks postoperatively cells were thawed, virus-modified, and inoculated intradermally in the upper thigh. Several cell and virus concentrations were tested in each patient. As control, tumor cells without NDV, NDV alone and normal colon mucosa were used. The number of tumor cells ranged from 2 × 106 up to 2 × 107 cells and NDV concentrations from 4 to 64 hemagglutination units (HU) were tested. Sixteen patients responded with a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reaction to the vaccine. The best DTH reaction, measured 24 h following vaccination, was obtained using a vaccine consisting of 1 × 107 tumor cells and 32 HU NDV (median induration of 8 mm). Response to NDV alone was seen in 2 patients only (median induration of 3 mm); 12 patients responded to tumor cells (1 × 107) alone (median induration of 4 mm). Of 10 patients tested with normal colorectal mucosa, 4 responded with a median induration of 3.5 mm. DTH responses to the vaccine of 1 × 107 tumor cells and 32 HU NDV increased throughout the repeated vaccinations to a median induration of 9.5 mm at the end of the therapy. No severe side-effects in the course of the immunotherapy, except for mild fever in 4/20 patients, were observed. The results of our phase I study show that this type of autologous colorectal tumor cell vaccine is ready for a large clinical trial to prove its efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Active specific immunization ; NDV-modified tumour cells ; Microcultures ; Tumour vaccines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to understand further the effects of Newcastle-disease-virus(NDV)-modified tumour vaccines we investigated the feasibility of isolating lymphocytes from the site of injection of patients undergoing postoperative active specific immunization (ASI) with autologous NDV-modified tumour cells. Delayed-type-hypersensitivity(DTH)-like reactions from five cancer patients were surgically removed, minced and the tissue particles were digested with collagenase and DNase. Lymphoid cells recovered were expanded in a highly efficient limiting-dilution analysis system optimized for T cell growth [Moretta et al. (1983) J Exp Med 157: 743] and lymphocyte microcultures (clonal probability 〉0.8) could be grown for up to 1 year. Analysis of the microcultures for phenotype and function showed that the majority were positive for CD4 (92%) and TCRαβ (96%). Concanavalin-A-induced production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, interferon γ and tumour necrosis factor α was detected in more than 70% of the microcultures. Lectin-dependent cytotoxicity was only very rarely observed. The general characteristics of the microcultures obtained support the notion of a DTH-like reaction taking place at the site of tumour cell challenge. The possibility of in vitro expansion and cultivation of T lymphocytes from ASI vaccination sites should help to elucidate further the role of these cells in active specific immunization against autologous tumour cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 126 (2000), S. 487-496 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key wordsBRCA1 ; BRCA2 ; Breast cancer ; Genetic predisposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic predisposition is responsible for 5%–10% of all breast cancer cases. Therefore, the inherited susceptibility to breast cancer has been intensively investigated during the last 10 years. In particular, the identification of the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 (breast cancer gene 1) and BRCA2 and the current genetic testing for mutations in both genes are the basis for estimating disease risks for women with a strong family history of breast cancer and will provide important information on the prevention and treatment of familial breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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