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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nb-based Josephson junction devices for nuclear radiation detection: Design and preliminary experimental results (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5210-5217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work we apply the Electrotechnical Laboratory Josephson junction fabrication technology to realize an integrated device for nuclear radiation detection. We have integrated in a single 5×5 mm2 chip 240 Josephson tunnel junctions (JTJs) having various geometrical configurations and interconnections, in order to investigate both the effects of various detection geometrical configurations and the fabrication process uniformity and reproducibility. The junction quality was extensively tested by measurements of the current-voltage characteristics, down to T=1.2 K, showing an unexpected saturation of the Vm quality factor. Preliminary results concerning the response to α-particle radiation of these samples have been obtained. Pulse height and rise time spectra of both "island'' type and series connected JTJs are reported. Signals generated by nuclear radiation have been observed at temperatures up to 2 K, where a reduction of the collected charge occurs because of the enhancement of the recombination rate. A strong effect of the substrate on the detector response has also been observed, providing useful indications for future improvements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356990
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical second harmonic intensity images of a silver grating surface (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 4229-4232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have obtained optical second harmonic (SH) intensity images of a silver grating surface. A stripe pattern was seen in the SH intensity image when the incident light polarization is perpendicular to the lines of the grooves of the grating. We have found that the strongest SH radiation comes from the bottoms of the grooves. On the other hand, the strong linear reflection comes from the slope of the grooves. We suggest that the enhancement of the electric field at the bottoms of the grooves has led to the observed strong SH radiation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1457537
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of a NbN overlayer on Nb/Al–AlOx/Nb high quality Josephson tunnel junctions for x-ray detection (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3340-3342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nb/Al–AlOx/Nb–NbN Josephson junctions for use as x-ray detectors have been fabricated. The NbN overlayer has been used to realize the trapping of quasiparticles in the Nb top layer with an increase of the charge collection efficiency. The temperature dependence of quasiparticle and Josephson critical current have been investigated and compared with that without a NbN overlayer, showing low leakage currents, about 200 pA (V=0.5 mV, T=0.67 K, A=20×20 μm2), and high dynamical resistances in the subgap region. Preliminary measurements under 6 keV x-ray irradiation have shown an increased value of the maximum collected charge. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115240
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High quality Nb/Al–AlOx/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions for radiation detection (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 702-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nb/Al–AlOx/Nb tunnel junctions designed for x-ray detection have been manufactured and characterized at temperatures down to 0.35 K. At a bias voltage of 0.5 mV, a leakage current of the order of 0.1 pA/μm2, and a dynamic resistance exceeding 106 times the normal state resistance, were achieved in junctions with dimensions up to 200×200 μm2 and critical current densities of order 200 A/cm2. The combination of high critical current density, low leakage current, and large area represents an important step towards the development of superconducting tunnel junction detectors with improved spectroscopic performance. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116597
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific capacitance of Nb/AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions with critical current densities in the range of 0.1–18 kA/cm2 (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2134-2136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The specific capacitance Cs of Nb/AlOx/Nb Josephson tunnel junction has been measured by means of the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) resonance technique. We have investigated the junctions with critical current densities Jc in the range of 0.1–18 kA/cm2 and found that 1/Cs linearly depends on a logarithm of Jc. This suggests that the barrier thickness is moderately uniform in the junction area and increases continuously during growth. The results also show that increasing Jc reduces time constants of the junction. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113927
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant schwannoma with melanocytic differentiation arising in a patient with neurofibromatosis (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 50-year-old woman with von Recklinghausen’s disease, but not Carney’s complex, presented with a 1-year history of a hard subcutaneous mass on her right hip and right inguinal lymphadenopathy. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of the tumour revealed schwannian and melanocytic characteristics. Local recurrence without distant metastases was observed 5 years later. Although the diagnosis of malignant schwannoma with melanocytic differentiation, rather than neurotropic melanoma, was made for the primary tumour, based on the clinicohistopathological and ultrastructural findings, the overall clinical course in this case did not seem incompatible with malignant melanocytic schwannoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03849.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma of children: a pseudolymphoma rather than an angiokeratoma (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2001.04394.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic alterations of cutaneous neurogenic factors in photoaged skin (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 153 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Although it has been recognized that photoageing and chronological ageing differ in various morphological and biological aspects, the characteristic alterations of cutaneous neurogenic factors in photoaged skin are poorly characterized.Objectives  To characterize cutaneous neurogenic factors, including innervation, neuropeptides, nerve growth factor and interactions of mast cells, in photoaged skin.Subjects and methods  Paired biopsy specimens were obtained from sun-exposed volar forearm skin and from sun-protected dorsal upper arm skin of 20 elderly subjects. Various cutaneous neurogenic factors, including innervation, neuropeptides, neurokinin receptor, nerve growth factor, neurogenic inflammation and morphology of mast cells, were compared in sun-exposed vs. sun-protected skin quantitatively and qualitatively.Results  Cutaneous neurogenic factors associated with photoageing were characterized by a significant increase in the densities of dermal and intraepidermal nerve fibres, a correlation between epidermal innervation and the severity of photodamage, increases in the number of neuropeptidergic sensory nerve fibres in the dermis and in tissue levels of sensory neuropeptides, increases in the content of nerve growth factor, reduced expression of neurokinin receptor 1 by epidermal keratinocytes and by vascular endothelial cells and a tachykinin-specific reduction of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation. Mast cells in photodamaged skin showed several characteristic morphological features, including various degrees of activation and an intimate association with fibroblasts, which were distinct from those in sun-protected skin. Furthermore, mast cells in photodamaged skin possessed larger amounts of substance P within their granules than did those in sun-protected skin.Conclusions  These findings document for the first time characteristic alterations of cutaneous neurogenic factors in photodamaged skin and suggest that the cutaneous nervous system may be involved in photoageing processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06965.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovariectomy is sufficient to accelerate spontaneous skin ageing and to stimulate ultraviolet irradiation-induced photoageing of murine skin (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background  Wrinkling and sagging of the skin during photoageing is physiologically associated with diminished elasticity, which can be attributed to increased fibroblast-derived elastase activity. This degrades the dermal elastic fibres needed to maintain the three-dimensional structure of the skin. We previously reported that ovariectomy accelerates ultraviolet (UV)B-induced wrinkle formation in rat hind limb skin by altering the three-dimensional structure of elastic fibres.Objectives  In this study, we used hairless mice to assess the effects of ovariectomy with or without chronic UVA or UVB radiation on sagging and wrinkling of skin, on the elasticity of skin, as well as on matrix metalloproteinase activities in the skin.Methods  Ovariectomies or sham operations were performed on 6-week-old female ICR/HR hairless mice.Results  Even in the ovariectomy group without UV irradiation, the skin elasticity was significantly decreased during the 3–13 weeks after ovariectomy, which was accompanied by a significant increase in elastase activity in the skin. After UVA or UVB irradiation, skin elasticity was significantly decreased to a greater extent in the ovariectomy group than in the sham operation group, and this was accompanied by a reciprocal increase in elastase activity but not in the activities of collagenases I or IV in the skin. Consistent with the decreased skin elasticity, UVA irradiation for 12 weeks elicited more marked sagging in the ovariectomy group than in the sham operation group. UVB irradiation for 12 weeks also induced more marked wrinkle formation in the ovariectomy group than in the sham operation group.Conclusions  These results suggest that ovariectomy alone is sufficient to accelerate skin ageing and to increase UV sensitivity, which results in the further deterioration of the skin and photoageing, and may account for the accelerated skin ageing seen in postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06203.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addition of fexofenadine to a topical corticosteroid reduces the pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis in a 1-week randomized, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 148 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Fexofenadine, a nonsedating, H1-receptor selective antihistamine, exhibits consistent efficacy and safety in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. The pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis is considered to be induced, in part, by histamine. Therefore, we thought that fexofenadine may be useful in the relief of pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis. Objective To compare the efficacy of twice-daily fexofenadine hydrochloride (HCl) 60 mg vs. placebo in reducing the pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis. Methods In this randomized, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients (aged ≥ 16 years) with atopic dermatitis underwent a 1-week placebo lead-in period, followed by randomization to fexofenadine HCl 60 mg twice daily or placebo for 1 week. All patients also received topical treatment with 0·1% hydrocortisone butyrate twice daily throughout the study. The primary efficacy endpoint was mean change in pruritus score from baseline. Patients reflectively recorded pruritus scores twice daily (day and night) using a five-point scale (0 = none; 4 = very severe). Results Fexofenadine (n = 201) significantly decreased the severity of pruritus compared with placebo (n = 199) (mean change in score −0·75 (unadjusted 95% confidence interval [−0·88, −0·62]) vs. −0·5 [−0·62, −0·38], respectively; P = 0·0005). This improvement was seen after just 1 day of treatment (P = 0·039) and was maintained throughout the treatment period (P = 0·019). Compared with placebo, fexofenadine significantly improved both diurnal (P = 0·0001) and nocturnal pruritus (P = 0·013). In addition, significantly more patients in the fexofenadine group experienced a reduction in the ratio of pruritus area to body surface area compared with those in the placebo group (P = 0·007). The incidence of adverse events was low and similar across all treatment groups. Conclusions Fexofenadine HCl 60 mg twice daily demonstrated a rapid, significant improvement in the pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis, with a safety profile equivalent to that of placebo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05293.x
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