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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2,757)
  • 1990-1994  (2,349)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2,757)
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  • 1990-1994  (2,349)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verapamil induces increased bone volume and osteopenia in female rats but has the opposite effect in male rats (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 524-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Verapamil ; Bone ; Osteopenia ; Rat ; Female ; Intestinal calcium absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Verapamil inhibits the intestinal absorption of calcium (Ca) and increases serum parathyroid hormone in rats. The effects of verapamil on bone tissue after long-term treatment is, however, not well described. Adult female and male Sprague-Dawley rats received verapamil in their drinking water at a dosage of 0.075 mg/ml (low dose) or 0.75 mg/ml (high dose) for 12 weeks; control rats received only drinking water. All rats were fed a diet containing 0.1% Ca and 0.5% P. In female rats, the amount of bone ash per volume was significantly reduced from 0.742 g/ml in controls to 0.713 g/ml after low-dose treatment of verapamil, and to 0.667 g/ml following high-dose treatment (P〈0.01). The tibial length was increased from 39.7 mm in controls to 40.3 mm or to 40.7 mm after low or high doses (P〈0.01). The tibial volume increased from 0.385 ml in controls to 0.397 ml after low doses and to 0.429 ml after high doses (P〈0.01). In contrast, in male rats the amount of bone ash per volume was significantly increased from 0.578 g/ml in controls to 0.580 g/ml after low doses and to 0.620 g/ml after high doses of verapamil (P〈0.01). The tibial bone volume in males as decreased from 0.633 ml in controls to 0.641 ml after low doses and to 0.583 ml after high doses (P〈0.05). The tibial length in the males was not changed by verapamil. The intestinal absorption of Ca was reduced in male rats from 5.28 in controls to 4.03 (serosa/mucosa) after low-dose treatment and to 2.46 after high-dose treatment with verapamil (P〈0.05). In female rats, the intestinal absorption of Ca did not change after verapamil treatment. Thus, chronic treatment with verapamil in female rats induced osteopenia whereas in male rats bone growth was inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582167
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidic phosphoproteins from bone matrix: A structural rationalization of their role in biomineralization (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 391-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Matrix ; Phosphoproteins ; Biomineralization ; Calcium ; Nucleation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and bone acidic glycoprotein-75 are three acidic phosphoproteins that are isolated from the mineralized phase of bone matrix, are synthesized by osteoblastic cells, and are generally restricted in their distribution to calcified tissues. Although each is a distinct gene product, these proteins share aspartic/glutamic acid contents of 30–36% and each contains multiple phosphoryl and sialyl groups. These properties, plus a strict relationship of acidic macromolecules with cell-controlled mineralization throughout nature, suggest functions in calcium binding and nucleation of calcium hydroxyapatite crystal formation. However, direct proof for such roles is still largely indirect in nature. The purpose of this review is to present two speculative hypotheses regarding acidic phosphoprotein function. The goal was to use new sequence information along with database comparisons to develop a structural rationalization of how these proteins may function in calcium handling by bone. For example, our analysis has identified a conserved polyacidic stretch in all three phosphoproteins which we propose mediates metal binding. Also, conserved motifs were identified that are analogous with those for casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and whose number correlates well with that of phosphoryl groups/protein. A two-state conformational model of calcium binding by bone matrix acidic phosphoproteins is described which incorporates these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296767
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of histamine and polyamines in calcified tissues of mice: Contribution of mast cells and histidine decarboxylase to the amount of histamine in the bone (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Histamine ; Polyamines ; Mast cells ; Histidine decarboxylase ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A simple method for determining histamine and polyamines in various tissues was devised. The method, however, could not be applied to calcified tissues, because the high concentration of Ca2+ in the extract interferes with the chromatographic separation of these amines. By treating the extracts from calcified tissues with K2CO3, we succeeded in removing the Ca2+, and the method could then be applied to determine the amines in bone tissues of mice. By using this method, we examined the contribution of mast cells and histidine decarboxylae (HDC) to the amount of histamine in the bone. The results indicate that (1) the HDC activity in the bone is the highest among the tissues of normal mice, and the histamine produced by the HDC in the bone is metabolized rapidly; (2) a major part of HDC in the bone is present in the bone marrow cells other than mast cells, and most of histamine in the bone is attributable to the histamine pooled in mast cells; (3) mast cells in the diaphysis are located largely along the endosteal lining; and (4) the method devised in this study may be useful for studying the roles of histamine (or mast cells) and polyamines in calcified tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296220
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earlier wrist fracture: A confounding factor in distal forearm bone screening (1992)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 2 (1992), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone ; Distal radius ; Fracture ; Single photon absorptiometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-six women aged 60, 70 or 80 years who had fractured one of their distal radii (Colles' fracture) 0 to 35 (median 10) years earlier were examined in this population-based study. Single photon measurements (SPA) were performed on both arms 1 cm and 6 cm proximal to the styloid process of the ulna. All women were questioned about earlier wrist fractures and which, if any, side had been affected. Information about the type and site of the fracture was also gathered from the hospital records. The bone mineral content (BMC) was found to be increased by almost 20% in the once-fractured radius at the distal measuring site (1 cm) when compared with the unaffected side. This difference did not seem to diminish with time. At the proximal measuring site there was no difference between the once-fractured and the non-fractured side. There was a progressive loss of bone mineral in the once-fractured arm during the first years after the fracture however. This appeared to be reversed after about 10 years to a relative gain, even though the correlation was weak. Six of the 36 women could not remember which side had been fractured and five could not remember having had such a fracture at all. Determination of osteoporosis by measuring forearm BMC with single photon densitometry is therefore of limited value in some women of the oldest age groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623927
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of bone A report of two cases and review of the literature (1992)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 21 (1992), S. 509-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is the prototype of a group of vascular tumors characterized by epithelioid or histiocytoid endothelial cells. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of bone is a rare lesion that constitutes fewer than 1% of primary malignant skeletal neoplasms. We describe two cases that illustrate the spectrum of radiographic features seen with this neoplasm, and also present its appearance on magnetic resonance imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195232
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repetitive loading, in vivo, of the tibia and femora of rats: Effects of a single bout of treadmill running (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 193-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Mechanical properties ; Fatigue microdamage ; Exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The presence of microdamage in the tibiae and femora of rats following repetitive loading in vivo was investigated by subjecting 48 male rats, aged 12 weeks, to treadmill running (26.8 m.min-1 on 10% grade) for 0.56 hours (5,000 cycles, E1), 1.13 hours, (10,000 cycles, E2), 2.27 hours (20,000 cycles, E3), and 3.4 hours (30,000 cycles, E4) with Group C as control. Following exercise, tibiae and femora were excised and the right limbs were tested in torsion at 180°.sec-1. Transverse sections were cut from the proximal, mid- and distal diaphysis of left tibiae and femora, bulk stained in basic fuchsin, cut to 50 μm thick, and examined for the presence of microdamage. Following these periods of loading, tibiae and femora showed no evidence of microdamage initiation, as evidenced by light microscopy, or corresponding alterations in mechanical properties. It was concluded that the magnitude of loading produced by single bouts of intensive exercise, which encompassed up to 30,000 loading cycles, was insufficient to initiate fatigue microdamage in tibiae or femora of rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298800
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive adsorption of magnesium and calcium ions onto synthetic and biological apatites (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Magnesium ; Calcium ; Apatite crystals ; Enamel ; Dentin ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Magnesium (Mg) is a conspicuous constituent of hard tissues but its possible role in biomineralization is poorly understood. It is possible that Mg2+ adsorbed onto bioapatites may contribute to the modulation of crystal growth as such inhibitory activity has been reported for synthetic apatites. The present study was undertaken to determine the adsorption isotherms of Mg ions onto synthetic apatites and biominerals in tooth and bone tissues in the presence of other ions of natural occurrence. Synthetic crystals used as adsorbents were hydroxyapatite and, as a better prototype for the biomineral, Mg-containing carbonatoapatite. Human enamel and dentin materials were obtained from extracted, caries-free, permanent teeth. Porcine dentin materials at two developmental stages were obtained from erupted deciduous and unerupted permanent teeth of a 6-month-old slaughtered piglet. Porcine bone was obtained from the cortical portion of the mandible of the same animal. All biomineral samples were pulverized and then treated by plasma ashing (deproteination) at about 60°C. Each of the powdered samples was equilibrated in solutions containing various initial concentrations of Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+ (or K+) as nitrate salts. Following equilibration, concentrations (and activities) of magnesium and calcium ions in the experimental solution were determined. The pH values of the equilibrium solutions were in the range of 6.2–6.5. Experimental data of the Mg adsorption onto hydroxyapatite were interpreted on the basis of a Langmuir-type model for binary systems assuming competition of Mg2+ and Ca2+ for the same adsorption sites on the crystal surfaces of the apatites. According to this model, the adsorbed Mg is expressed as a function of the ionic activity ratio (Mg2+)/(Ca2+) in the equilibrium solution. The model contains two parameters, the adsorption selectivity constant Ks and the maximum number of adsorption sites N (μmol/g). The numerical values of Ks were similar for all adsorbents used (synthetic and biological) and indicated the preferential adsorption of Ca2+ probably due to spacial restrictions extending to the very surface of the crystals. The initial level of Mg2+ in the surface pool was different in the various biominerals, probably reflecting the composition of fluid in which the biominerals were formed. Whereas the surface pool of Mg of human enamel was marginal, only 5% of the total Mg, significant fractions of the total Mg in human and porcine dentins (about 20–30%), and porcine bone (about 40%) existed on the crystal surfaces. There were significant differences in the total Mg and the value of the parameter N between young (unerupted) and mature (erupted) dentin minerals. It was ascertained that the occupancy of adsorption sites by Mg ions became greater with maturation of the dentin tissues. The overall results suggest that the Mg-mineral interaction in tooth and bone tissues may be a highly tissue-specific process, presumably reflecting differences in fluid composition (particularly Ca and Mg activities) responsible for biomineralization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298503
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An FT-IR microscopic investigation of the effects of tissue preservation on bone (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 72-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Fixation ; FT-IR microscopy ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Fourier transform infrared microscopy is a powerful tool for the characterization of mineral and protein in histologic sections of bone. This study was concerned with determining whether techniques used to preserve these tissties and to prepare them for sectioning had an effect on spectral properties. The υ1, υ3 phosphate bands in the 900–1200 cm-1 spectral region were used to evaluate the structure of the apatitic mineral in fresh-frozen, ethanol-fixed, and formalin-fixed 35-day-old rat femurs; fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed 20-day-old fetal rat femurs; ground 35-day-old rat diaphyseal bone samples; and formalin-fixed, methacrylate-embedded ground diaphyseal bone. The crystallinity (crystal size and perfection) of the bone apatite was assessed by a curve-fitting analysis of the υ1, υ3 phosphate bands. Results indicate that ethanol or formalin fixation of the 35-day-old intact rat femur, and formalin fixation and embedding of the ground rat bone do not significantly alter the crystallinity of the apatite. However, formalin fixation of the fetal rat bone did alter the structure of the apatite mineral phase. In addition, evaluation of protein secondary structure in the 35-day-old rat femur from the Amide I and Amide II vibrations near 1650 and 1550 cm-1, respectively, revealed that protein conformation was altered by ethanol fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296221
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimal levels of serum estradiol prevent postmenopausal bone loss (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 340-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Menopause ; Estrogens ; Bone ; Osteoporosis ; Calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Biochemical parameters reflecting bone resorption [urinary calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) and hydroxyproline/ creatinine (OH/Cr)] were related to serum estrogens [estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2)] in 262 healthy women including 158 patients receiving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for at least 6 months, 49 eugonadal women, and 55 untreated postmenopausal women. A significant (P〈0.001) correlation exists between serum E2 and Ca/Cr: Ca/Cr (mg/dl)=-0.00044 E2 (pg/ml)+0.129 (n=262; r=-0.37), serum E2 and OH/Cr: (OH/Cr (mg/g)=-0.049 E2 (pg/ml)+18.76 (n=262; r=-0.36), serum E1 and Ca/Cr: Ca/Cr (mg/dl)=-0.0003 E1 (pg/ml)+0.127 (n=261; r=-0.28) but not between serum E1 and OH/Cr. Women with circulating levels of E2 between 60 and 90 pg/ml have a significant (P〈 0.01) reduction of Ca/Cr and OH/Cr when compared with those with lower levels of E2. Higher values of E2 do not provide additional benefit. We conclude that in postmenopausal women receiving an estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), a significant reduction of bone resorption is achieved when circulating levels of estradiol reach a value (60 pg/ml) corresponding to the one measured, in eugonadal women, during the last days of the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. We suggest that oral or percutaneous ERT should induce a minimal value of 60 pg/ml to prevent postmenopausal bone loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316876
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cyclosporin A on rat osteoblasts (ROS 17/2.8 cells) in vitro (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Osteoblast ; Cyclosporin A ; Attachment ; Proliferation ; Alkaline phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effects of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) were evaluated on ROS 17/2.8 cells in vitro. ROS cells were treated with CsA (0, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 μg/ml) for 3 days with and without bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH) (1–34) 10 nM. CsA at 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 μg/ml without PTH and at 5.0 μg/ml in the presence of PTH significantly inhibited proliferation, as determined by a tetrazolium colorimetric assay. In addition, ROS cell number was significantly reduced at 3 and 4 days with CsA (5.0 μg/ml) without affecting cell viability. Incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA was significantly reduced by 3.0 and 5.0 μg/ml CsA after 12 and 24 hours exposure. Basal and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-stimulated alkaline phosphatase levels in confluent ROS cells were reduced (P〈0.05) with CsA (1.0 and 3.0 μg/ml). Pretreatment of ROS 17/2.8 cells with CsA did not alter PTH-stimulated cAMP levels or [125I]-PTHrP binding to ROS cells. CsA treatment of ROS 17/2.8 cells induced a spindle-shaped appearance with loss of attachment in confluent cultures. When ROS cells were cultured in CsA-containing media, cellular attachment at 6 and 12 hours was reduced (P〈0.05) compared with untreated ROS cells. These findings indicate that CsA was capable of inhibiting proliferation, cell number, mitogenesis, alkaline phosphatase levels, and cell attachment of ROS cells without affecting PTH binding or cAMP levels. This direct effect of CsA on osteoblasts may be important in changes of bone remodeling observed in CsA-treated humans and animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334490
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproducibility of lateral spine scans using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Densitometry ; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Lateral spine scanning ; Reproducibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Reproducibility of lateral spine dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (LAT DEXA) scans using a Lunar DPX-L scanner was assessed in a cadaveric phantom and in patients. One hundred phantom measurements over 7 months demonstrated a longitudinal stability of 1.7% (coefficient of variation, CV). Additional scans were performed with the phantom rotated by up to 20° in each of the three orthogonal planes to assess the effects of variable patient positioning. Horizontal and vertical rotation of the spine had little effect on the estimated bone mineral density (BMD), however, axial rotation of greater than 8° led to errors in the BMD measurement. One hundred consecutive patients had two lateral scans performed within 1 month. BMD (range 0.10–1.6 g/cm2) was determined for each scan by one operator. Significant overlap from ribs and pelvis was often seen with L2 and L4 vertebrae but one vertebra (L3) could be measured in every case. Intraoperator and interoperator variability was assessed by three experienced operators, each analyzing 10 patients' scans on five separate occasions, and was found to be less than 1.1% for a single vertebra. BMD estimation of vertebral bodies and midslices by lateral DEXA scans (CV% of 3.8% and 4.6%) have a 95% confidence interval of 0.074 g/cm2 and 0.096 g/cm2, respectively for two vertebrae. This variability is due mainly to axial rotation, with operator variability, horizontal rotation, and vertical rotation having little effect on BMD estimation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334484
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic parathyroid hormone-like protein (1–74) is anabolic for bone in vivo (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: PTHRP ; Anabolic ; Rat ; Bone ; Potency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP) has recently been purified from human tumors associated with the syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. The gene encoding PTHRP has been cloned, and based on predicted amino acid sequence, polypeptides comprising the first 36 [36Tyr(1–36) PTHRP amide] and 74 [(1–74)PTHRP] amino acids have been synthesized. Human (h) PTHRP (1–36) and (1–74) are potent bone-resorbing agents, and are catabolic for bone in vivo when given continuously at high doses. Bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH) (1–34) is also catabolic for bone at high dose levels, but when given in low doses for weeks to months, it is anabolic. Although PTHRP possess several PTH-like properties in bone, hPTHRP (1–34) is reported to be only weakly anabolic in vivo. As polypeptide length influences PTHRP action, we evaluated hPTHRP(1–74) as an anabolic agent for bone in vivo. Twenty-four 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of hPTHRP(1–74) (1 and 2 nmol/100 g body weight, bw), bPTH(1–34) (4 nmol/100 g bw) or vehicle. Rats were sacrificed on day 12, and serum calcium, phosphorus, and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and femoral bone dry weight, calcium content, and hydroxyproline content were measured. Serum calcium and phosphorus were equivalent in all groups. A significant increase in dry bone weight was observed in both PTHRP-treated groups compared with controls. PTHRP also caused a significant, dose-dependent increase in bone calcium and hydroxypro-line content. Results of these studies indicate that PTHRP (1–74) is anabolic for bone in vivo when administered at low-dosage levels for a prolonged period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296214
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparaison des propriétés mécaniques d'une nouvelle xénogreffe osseuse à celles de l'os trabéculaire humain et de Bovin (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology 2 (1992), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1068
    Keywords: Bone ; Xenograft ; Young's modulus ; Biomechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The aim of the present study was to compare the mechanical properties of two types of a new bone xenograft, T650 (Luddoc®) (Dense and Medium) with human and fresh bovine trabecular bone. Compressive testing was performed to destruction with a constant deformation rate of 0,025 mm min−1. Shear destructive testing was also carried out. Under our experimental conditions, Young's modulus of dense T650 (132.9 ± 52.3 MPa) do not differ significantly from that of fresh bovine bone (117.5 ± 61.5 MPa); and that of medium T650 (79.92 ± 37.3 MPa) did not differ significantly from human bone (77,36 ± 54,9 MPa). The shear force is required to destroy dense T650 (494 ± 167 N) did not differ significantly from those for fresh bovine bone (558 ± 104 N). Whereas the values for medium T650 were significantly lower (359 ± 155 N). The stress-strain curves obtained from all the specimens did not differ significantly. The process used to obtain T650 did not modify the mechanical properties of bovine trabecular bone.
    Notes: Résumé Le but de ce travail est de comparer les propriétés mécaniques d'une nouvelle xénogreffe osseuse le T650 (Luddoc®) répartie en deux sous groupes dits “dense” et “moyen” à celle de l'os trabéculaire humain et de bovin. Des tests de compression avec un rapport de déformation constant de 0,025 mm min−1 et des tests de rupture au cisaillement sont appliqués. Dans les conditions expérimentales utilisées, le module de Young du T650 dense (132,9 ± 52,3 MPa) est comparable à celui de l'os trabéculaire frais de bovin (117,5 ± 61,5 MPa), celui du T650 moyen (79,92 ± 37,3 MPa) à celui de l'os humain (77,36 ± 54,9 MPa). La résistance à la rupture au cisaillement du T650 dense (494 ± 167 N) est comparable à celle de l'os trabéculaire de veau frais (558 ± 104 N). Les valeurs du T650 moyen sont significativement plus faibles (359 ± 155 N). Les courbes compression/déformation sont similaires pour les différents types d'éprouvettes testés. Les traitements subis par l'os trabéculaire de veau pour l'obtention du T650 n'affectent pas ses propriétés mécaniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01742445
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decrease in bone strength of cadmium-treated young and old rats (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Rat ; Bone ; Long-term administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A decrease in mechanical strength of bones was observed both in young and old rats for long periods of administration of cadmium. Young (3-week-old) female rats were given 0 (control), 5 and 10 ppm cadmium in drinking water, respectively, for 20 weeks. Old (18-month old) female rats were given 0 (control) and 40 ppm cadmium in drinking water, respectively, for 7 months. The compression strengths of bones of young rats which were given 10 ppm cadmium, and those of old rats which were given 40 ppm cadmium, significantly decreased at the distal end portion of femur. Cadmium contents in bones in the 10 ppm and 40 ppm groups were about 110 and 210 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The present result confirmed that cadmium has a lesional effect on the mechanical strength of bone at the concentration of 100–200 ng/g in dry weight of bone, for both young and old rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973625
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Usefulness of an acoustic edge artifact in assessment of the Ilizarov corticotomy interval (1992)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 21 (1992), S. 293-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Ultrasound ; Bone ; Ilizarov ; Artifact ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-three ultrasound examinations of the corticotomy interval of patients undergoing Ilizarov procedures were retrospectively evaluated for the presence or absence of an acoustic edge artifact. This artifact, consisting of a fine anechoic band, has been previously described in phantom models and is presumed to be due to phase cancellation effects. We demonstrated this artifact in 8 of 33 examinations. The artifact proved helpful in identifying the location of the corticotomy margin, even when this margin was obscured by the presence of developing periosteal new bone. Attention to technical factors is, however, important. We believe that this artifact may have a useful role in the routine monitoring of the Ilizarov patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241766
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of mRNA of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in fetal bones of the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 597-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parathyroid hormone-related peptide ; Osteocalcin-mRNA ; In situ hybridization histochemistry ; Bone ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have indicated that 19-dayold fetal long bones of the rat contain an adenylyl cyclase-stimulating activity antigenically related to parathyroid hormone-related peptide. To ascertain its origin, Northern blotting and in situ hybridization histochemistry were performed. Results demonstrate that mRNA of parathyroid hormone-related peptide is present in RNA extracted from fetal long bones of the rat and that cells responsible for its production are localized in the periosteum. These cells are not mature osteoblasts because they do not synthesize mRNA of osteocalcin. Thus the present study shows that parathyroid hormone-related peptide could be produced locally, at least in part, in the skeleton of fetal rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645063
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is pelvic bone mineral content assessed through dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry an appropriate anatomical area for bone mass estimation in women? (1992)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 11 (1992), S. 508-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Total ; Body ; Bone ; Mineral ; Content ; Pelvic ; Bone ; Mineral ; Content ; Postmenopausal ; Osteoporosis ; Bone ; Mass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bibliographic references seem very controversill regarding the most appropriate anatomical area for bone mass estimation. Since some overlapping in the different bone mass measurements among normal and osteoporotic females has been observed, we have studied the bone mineral content of the pelvic bone through DEXA, and have correlated it with the total body bone mineral content, a highly discriminating measure, in order to observe whether pelvic bone mineral may be a useful measure in bone mass assessment. Pelvic and total body bone mineral values did not decrease until menopause in 104 normal premenopausal females aged 20 to 49 years. On the other hand, these values decreased in normal postmenopausal women (n=44) aged 50 to 65 years (p〈0.001), with a 16% pelvic bone mineral content and an 11% total body bone mineral content decrease. Osteoporotic females (n=30), showed lower values for both levels than normal postmenopausal ones (p〈0.001), with a 54% pelvic and a 24% total decrease. A 15% overlap was observed when pelvic values between normal postmenopausal and osteoporotic females were compared. The greater percentage decrease in pelvic BMC compared to total body bone mineral content and the lower overlap observed suggest that the pelvis may be an ideal anatomical area for bone mass evaluations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02283108
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Nifedipine in plasma by a rapid capillary gas chromatographic method (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 20-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A rapid, specific and reliable gas chromatographic assay procedure for Nifedipine in plasma has been developed. With a single-step solvent extraction, and electron capture detection, the method is sensitive to 0.5 ng/mL of plasma and the standard curve is linear from 0.5 to 500 ng/mL. Samples are protected from light to prevent formation of photodecomposition products. The method has been used to monitor drug concentrations in patients receiving therapeutic doses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060107
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Favourable biospecific reactivity of blood group B antigenic trisaccharide chemically attached to poly-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide-coated porous glass (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Blood group B antigenic trisaccharide-β-aminopropyl glycoside (B-TSAP) covalently attached to poly-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide-coated porous glass interacts with anti-B monoclonal antibodies faster than the ligand coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B and Affi-Gel 10. Rates of hydrophobic adsorption of antibodies on the butyl derivatives of the same supports were measured to evaluate the diffusion input to overall kinetics. The lowest average affinity adsorption time [t1(aff) = 250 s] observed for polymer-coated glass probably arises because of the flexibility of the extended segments of chemisorbed N-substituted polyacrylamide acting as effective spacer arms.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060111
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined application of analytical high performance thin layer chromatography and electroblotting for the detection of anti-ganglioside antibodies in human sera (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Antibodies against gangliosides isolated from small tumour and nervous tissue specimens can be reliably detected in serum samples by the ganglioside electrotransfer technique without the need for previous purification steps. After separation by high performance thin layer chromatography gangliosides are transferred from silica gel plates to hydrophobic polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. These membranes are highly suitable for immuno-staining. The use of a 15-slit device allows simulataneous testing of up to 15 serum samples. Samples of serum from 39 patients with clear-cell carcinoma of the kidney, mammary carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma and neurological disorder together with samples from healthy controls were tested for anti-ganglioside antibodies from various tissues.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060205
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High performance liquid chromatographic determination of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in human plasma for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 63-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determining 1,5-anhydroglucitol in plasma, in which anion exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection are used. Plasma samples deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid are passed through a three-layer column packed with (1) strongly basic anion (BO3-3 form, the upper layer), (2) strongly basic anion (OH- form, the middle layer) and (3) strongly acidic cation (H+ form, the lower layer) exchange resins. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol is efficiently recovered in the flow-through fraction and interfering substances are completely removed by the column treatment. The analytical response of the method is linear with concentration to 40 mg/L, and it is possible to detect as little as 0.1 mg 1,5-anhydroglucitol per litre of plasma. Analytical recovery is between 96 and 103%, and there is good agreement between the results measured by our method and by a gas/liquid chromatographic method (r = 0.998). The method has been successfully used for the determination of very low 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations (〈 1 mg/L) in the plasma of diabetic patients.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060204
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection of condensates of malondialdehyde with thiobarbituric acids using a flow system (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence(CL) detection method for the evaluation of the CL intensity of malondialdehyde(MDA) condensates with seven 2-thiobarbituric acid derivatives is described. The method consists of a flow injection technique together with a CL detection system using bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate(TCPO) and hydrogen peroxide as chemiluminogenic reagents. Linear correlations between CL intensity and concentration are obtained for pmol levels of condensates. Among the condensates, 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid(DETBA)-MDA shows the largest CL intensity. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/CL detection of DETBA-MDA and 1,3-diphenyl-2-thiobarbituric acid(DPTBA)-MDA using a mixture of TCPO and hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile as a postcolumn reagent solution is also described. The detection limits for DETBA-MDA and DPTBA-MDA are 20 and 200 fmol, respectively, per 20 μL injection at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. This HPLC/CL detection system was applied to the defermination of MDA in rat brains by using DETBA as a fluorescent derivatizing reagent.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060202
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphotungstate as a useful eluent for hepatitis-B virus surface antigen purification by heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 72-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: On the basis of the heparin-like effect of phosphotungstate (PTA), we have shown that it is useful for the purification of hepatitis-B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. HBsAg was eluted with 0.2-0.6 M NaCl. HBsAg was also eluted with PTA at approximately 1 mM, and the HBsAg fraction thus obtained contained fewer impurities than the corresponding fraction eluted with NaCl. Moreover, PTA yielded HBsAg and hepatitis-B virus e-antigen simultaneously. PTA may specifically reduce the affinity of HBsAg for heparin as well as simply competing with heparin for an anion-binding site of HBsAg. Residual PTA in the eluate was easily decomposed by alkalization, which was useful for subsequent studies.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060206
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of paraquat and diquat in serum using capillary electrophoresis (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The use of capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous separation and detection of the two bipyridylium herbicides, paraquat and diquat, was investigated. Both herbicides were extracted from fortified sera with disposable ODS-silica cartridges. Separation was carried out using a capillary tube (50 μm i.d., 750 mm) of fused silica containing 10 mM glycine-HCl buffer (pH 3.0), 40 mM NaCl and 20% methanol as the carrier. Paraquat and diquat were completely separated in 10 min at an applied potential of 20 kV. On-column UV monitoring allowed detection of both herbicides simultaneously. The assay sensitivity was 0.05 μg/mL (signal-to-noise ratio, 2:1), which probably increases with increase in the sample volume of serum. Analytical recovery of both herbicides added to serum was about 97% at concentrations of 0.5-2.0 μg/mL.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060210
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple and highly sensitive determination of free fatty acids in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A highly sensitive and simple reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of free fatty acids in human serum is presented. The method is based on the direct derivatization of serum fatty acids with 6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone-3-propionylcarboxylic acid hydrazide. The derivatization reaction proceeds in aqueous solution in the presence of pyridine and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide at 37°C. The resulting derivatives are separated within 75 min on a reversed phase column (YMC Pack C8) with a gradient elution of aqueous acetonitrile and detected fluorimetrically. The detection limits are 2.5-5 fmol in a 10 μL injection volume. The sensitivity permits precise determination of free fatty acids in 5 μL serum. The method is simple and is without the conventional liquid-liquid extraction steps of serum fatty acids.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060304
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of N-acetylneuraminic acid in human serum and urine by high performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A highly sensitive method for the determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid in human serum and urine is investigated. This method employs high performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection. N-Acetylneuraminic acid, released by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of serum and urine, and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (internal standard) are converted into chemiluminescent derivatives with 4,5-diaminophthalhydrazide dihydrochloride, a chemiluminescence derivatization reagent for α-keto acids. The derivatives are separated within 35 min on a reversed phase column, TSKgel ODS-120T, with isocratic elution, followed by chemiluminescence detection; the chemiluminescence is produced by the reaction of the derivatives with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) in alkaline solution. The detection limit for N-acetylneuraminic acid is 9 fmol (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). This sensitivity permits precise determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid in 10 nL of serum or 50 nL of urine. The method is applied to the determination of the N-acetylneuraminic acid in human sera from normal subjects and cancer patients and in normal urine.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060308
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissolution assay of theophylline, diprophylline and proxyphylline from a sustained release dosage form by high performance thin layer chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 141-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The content and dissolution rate of theophylline, diprophylline and proxyphylline from a sustained release formulation were determined by UV in situ densitometry. After separation the chromatographic zones corresponding to the spots of theophylline, diprophylline and proxyphylline on the high performance thin layer chromatographic plates were scanned in reflectance/absorbance mode at 275 nm. Quantification was performed with a second degree polynomial function over the range 40-200 ng for theophylline and 60-300 ng for diprophylline and proxyphylline. Percentages of dissolved theophylline, diprophylline and proxyphylline were monitored over 1, 3 and 6 h. The method was found to be simple, accurate, reliable, time-saving (up to 18 samples can be determined simultaneously) and low-cost.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060309
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved method for preparation of perbenzoylated ganglioside-derived sialic acids and nanogram detection of N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acid by high performance liquid chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An improved method for the preparation of perbenzoylated ganglioside-derived sialic acids is described. After mild acid hydrolysis, isolation of sialic acids can be achieved by Folch partition (Method A) or by anion exchange chromatography (Method B). Perbenzoylated sialic acids were freed from benzoylation reagents by a second Folch partition. Total recoveries of both methods were found to be ≥90%, calculated from metabolically labelled gangliosides. Derivatized N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycolylneuraminic acids were separated and quantified by isocratic high performance liquid chromatography using a RP18 column as the stationary phase and methanol: water (8:2) as the mobile phase. Both sialic acids were completely separated and eluted as single peaks within 15 min, monitored by UV detection. As little as 20 ng of neuraminic acid could be detected, the detector being linear up to 5 μg tested.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060312
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of immobilized metal ions as a negative adsorbent for purification of enzymes: Application to phosphoglycerate mutase from chicken muscle extract and horseradish peroxidase (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 172-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two enzymes, phosphoglycerate mutase and peroxidase, were purified by using an immobilized metal ion adsorbent for the removal of unwanted proteins. The mutase was obtained pure from a single column, whereas the purification of peroxidase required the use of a thiophilic adsorbent in a tandem. The capacity was 2.5 mg pure peroxidase per mL gel.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060404
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TLC separation of certain tetracycline and amino glycopeptide antibiotics (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 196-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The separation of tetracycline and amino glycopeptide antibiotics was achieved on silica gel thin layers. Tetracycline antibiotics were resolved on a Co+2 (1.0%) impregnated silica gel layer using ethanol:acetic acid: water (10:6:6, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Amino glycopeptide antibiotics were separated on an untreated silica gel layer using the mobile phase n-butanol: formic acid: water (6:5:7, v/v/v). The spots of these antibiotics were located by exposing the chromatoplate to iodine vapours.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060409
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  • 31
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    Isolation of human haemopexin in apo-form by chromatography on S-sepharose fast flow and blue sepharose CL-6B (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 212-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060412
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    A simple method for the quantification of famotidine in human plasma and urine by paired-ion high performance liquid chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 222-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new method for the quantification of famotidine consists of a simple extraction procedure and paired-ion high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The method has good accuracy and precision and should be suitable for the routine measurement of plasma and urine samples for clinical studies.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060503
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    Determination of naphazoline in rat plasma using column liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 241-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive (1 ng/mL) and rapid method for the determination of naphazoline in rat plasma is described. Following extraction, the compound is analysed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection at 214 nm.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060508
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  • 34
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    A new method for the purification of cytochrome-P450 from human liver microsomes (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 248-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A procedure for the solubilization and purification of cytochrome-P450 (cyt-P450) from human liver microsomes is described. Successive treatment of microsomes with protease XXVII and 3-(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammoniopropanesulphonic acid gave a solubilized cyt-P450 in more than 80% yield and with a three-fold increae in specific activity. With this treatment it was possible to eliminate 80% of cytochrome-b5 and 75% of NADPH cyt-P450 reductase. The solubilized cyt-P450 was filtered on a Sephacryl-200 column and then subjected to high performance liquid chromatography with a Mono-P column (chromatofocussing). The recovery of separated cyt-P450 was about 50% with a specific activity of 11.5 nmol cyt-P450/mg protein. Also with this technique it was possible to determinate the isoelectric points of cyt-P450. These results allowed us to confirm the usefulness of our method, for the study the cyt-P450 from surgical biopsies.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060510
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060201
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    The retention behaviour of conjugated bile acids in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 255-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The retention behaviour of conjugated bile acids has been studied in a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) system by using the mixture of methanol and aqueous phosphate buffer as the mobile phase. The retentions of the conjugates in RP-HPLC have been found to be mainly controlled by the glycine and taurine groups. The selectivity between five different glycine and taurine conjugated bile acids is a constant in RP-HPLC. This selectivity has been used for peak identification in the practical separation of conjugated bile acids.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060512
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  • 37
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    Editorial (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 263-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060603
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  • 38
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    A Selective HPLC/RIA for dexamethasone and its prodrug dexamethasone-21-sulphobenzoate sodium in biological fluids (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A combined high performance liquid chromatography/radioimmunoassay procedure is described for the simultaneous determination of dexamethasone (DEX) and its prodrug dexamethasone-21-sulphobenzoate sodium (DSS) in plasma. After precipitation of the plasma proteins by acetonitrile, the protein-free supernatant was injected onto a C18 reversed phase liquid chromatographic system and DSS- and DEX-containing fractions were collected. Hydrolysis of DSS by 0.01 N NaOH, followed by fractions extraction of both hydrolysed DSS and DEX fractions with ethyl acetate allowed the use of a dexamethasone-specific radioimmunoassay for the selective determination of both compounds. The method is accurate and reproducible (intraday variability for DSS and DEX〈6%, interday variability for DEX 14%), allowing quantification of DEX and DSS as low as 0.3 ng/mL and 0.7 ng/mL, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060607
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    High performance ion exclusion chromatographic characterization of the vaginal organic acids in women with bacterial vaginosis (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vaginal organic acids have previously been detected by gas-liquid chromatography, but we have applied an ion exclusion high performance liquid chromatographic procedure to the analysis of vaginal discharge samples. This procedure has the advantage of not requiring derivitization of non-volatile acids and provides the convenience of a technique which does not require the use of flammable gasses, while allowing the identification of at least 18 different acids from the same chromatographic analysis. Vaginal discharge from women with symptoms of bacterial vaginosis was collected on weighed swabs and analysed for the presence of organic acids. The results were compared to the organic acid content of samples obtained from the same cohort of women after treatment with metronidazole. In addition, samples were obtained from asymptomatic women and these samples were analysed in the same manner. The number of organic acids present in samples from women with bacterial vaginosis was greater than the number found after treatment or among asymptomatic women. Succinic acid appeared to be inversely related to lactate concentration and succinate:lactate ratios were greater among women with bacterial vaginosis before treatment than after treatment. Liquid chromatography has proven useful as a means of evaluating the metabolic end-products of vaginal microorganisms in situ.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060506
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of CGS 18102A, a new anxiolytic, in human plasma using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 244-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: CGS 18102A is a novel hexahydrobenzopyranopyridine that has a mixed pharmacological profile of 5-HT-1A agonist and 5-HT-2 antagonist properties. Based upon these mechanisms, the compound is predicted to have anxiolytic efficacy with possible efficacy in depression. Preclinical studies in the rat have shown the drug to be well absorbed and extensively metabolized. Because of the anticipated low plasma levels in humans a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical method has been developed and validated to determine plasma concentrations of CGS 18102A in early clinical studies. The method utilizes CGS 18416A as the internal standard. Samples (1 mL) were extracted with pentane:ethyl acetate (75:25, v:v). Extracts were then concentrated and analysed directly by GC/MS. Separation was accomplished on a methylsilicone capillary column (30 m × 0.32 mm i.d.). GC/MS was carried out under positive ion ammonia CI conditions, with selected ion monitoring of the [M + H]+ ions (m/z = 262 and 248) for CGS 18102A and CGS 18416A, respectively. The method was successively applied to the analysis of clinical samples from an ascending multidose safety and tolerability study conducted in six normal healthy male volunteers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060509
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  • 41
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    Determination of low molecular weight aliphatic primary amines in urine as their benzenesulphonyl derivatives by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A selective and sensitive method for the determination of low molecular weight aliphatic primary amines in urine is described. These amines were converted into their benzenesulphonyl derivatives by a modified Hinsberg procedure, and measured by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (FPD-GC) using a DB-1 capillary column. The derivatives were very stable and provided excellent FPD responses. By FPD-GC, linear calibration curves were obtained in the range 10-200 ng of methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, isobutylamine and n-butylamine using tert-butylamine as an internal standard, and the detection limits of these amines were ca. 6-25 pg as the injection amount. Benzenesulphonamide derived from ammonia was converted into its N-dimethylaminomethylene derivative which has a longer retention time, and separated from benzenesulphonyl derivatives of low molecular weight primary amines on the chromatogram. The recoveries of aliphatic primary amines added to urine samples were 91-107% and the relative standard deviations were 0.2-4.5%. Analytical results of aliphatic primary amine contents in urine samples of normal subjects are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060511
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060601
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  • 43
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    Mixed-bed polymeric o-nitrobenzophenone reagents for the on-line derivatization of amines in high performance liquid chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several polymer-bound o-nitrobenzophenone reagents containing different detector-sensitive tags have been combined in the same reactor for the on-line derivatization of amine samples. The formation of multiple derivatives allows numerous opportunities for quantitation from the same injection, and also allows improved identification from the retention times of the multiple derivatives. Changing the reaction conditions changes the ratio of the products formed, so that changes in the ratio of peak heights and areas can also be used for analyte identification. In this work, propylamine was derivatized in acetonitrile on-line, precolumn. Changing the reaction conditions, of reaction time, temperature, solvent, presence of catalyst and the components of the reactor, changed the ratio of the derivatives formed. These changes in product formation with changing reaction conditions were applied to the identification and quantitation of amphetamine and methamphetamine in urine. The drugs were identified by the retention times of their derivatives, the ratio of te peak areas of the derivatives and the change in the ratios after changing reaction conditions. Each derivative was also used for quantitation of levels of spiked concentrations of amphetamine and methamphetamine, with relative errors less than 8%.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060605
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  • 44
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    A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of albuterol enantiomers in human serum using solid phase extraction and chemical derivatization (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous assay of R(-)- and S(+)-albuterol in human serum. The assay involves solid phase extraction as a sample clean-up step and derivatization of racemic albuterol to its diastereomeric thioureas with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate. Chromatographic separation was accomplished under isocratic conditions using an octadecylsilane column and a mobile phase consisting of 29:71 acetonitrile:distilled water containing 0.1% triethylamine, pH 4.0 (adjusted with concentrated phosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The diastereomers were detected using a fluorescence detector set at 223 nm excitation and no emission filter. Racemic bamethane was used as internal standard. Drug to internal standard peak-height ratios were linear over a 2-20 ng/mL range for each enantiomer. The limit of detection of each analyte was 1.0 ng/mL (S/N = 3).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060609
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  • 45
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    Robotic solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of ranitidine in serum or plasma (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 311-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A fully automated assay for the analysis of ranitidine in serum and plasma, with and without an internal standard, was validated. It utilizes robotic solid phase extraction with on-line high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. The ruggedness of the assay was demonstrated over a three-year period. A Zymark Py Technology II® robotic system was used for serial processing from initial aspiration of samples from original collection containers, to final direct injection onto the on-line HPLC system. Automated serial processing with on-line analysis provided uniform sample history and increased productivity by freeing the chemist to analyse data and perform other tasks. The solid phase extraction efficiency was 94% throughout the assay range of 10-250 ng/mL. The coefficients of variation for within- and between-day quality control samples ranged from 1 to 6% and 1 to 5%, respectively. Mean accuracy for between-day standards and quality control results ranged from 97 to 102% of the respective theoretical concentrations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060613
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  • 46
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    Determination of 10α-methoxy-9,10-dihydrolysergol, a nicergoline metabolite, in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 9-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A specific method for the determination of 10α-methoxy-9,10-dihydrolysergol, a nicergoline metabolite (metabolite 2), in urine is described. Metabolite 2 was well separated from the urine components on a reversed phase column, Hypersil ODS 5 μm, using an acetonitrile: pH 3.5 phosphate buffer (40:60, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. UV detection was set up at 220 nm. After addition of a known amount of lysergamide as the internal standard, the compounds were extracted from alkalysed urine on a pre-packed glass column (Extrelut 1) with dichloromethane. With 0.5 mL urine, concentrations down to 0.56 μmol/L could be determined.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060104
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  • 47
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    Preparation of glycine-conjugated bile acids and their gas/liquid chromatographic analysis on an aluminum-clad flexible fused silica capillary column (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 4-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes a method for the direct gas/liquid chromatographic (GC) analysis of 46 glycine-conjugated bile acids, which differ from one another in the number, position and configuration of the hydroxyl groups at positions C-2, C-3, C-4, C-6, C-7 and/or C-12. Free bile acids were converted quantitatively on a micro scale to ethyl ester-trimethylsilyl (Et-TMS) and methyl ester-dimethylethylsilyl (Me-DMES) ether derivatives of the corresponding glycine conjugates. The Et-TMS and Me-DMES ethers of the glycine conjugates were chromatographed on an aluminum-clad flexible fused-silica capillary column coated with a thin film (0.1 μm) of chemically bonded and cross-linked methylpolysiloxane. Relative retention time (RRT) and methylene unit (MU) values were determined for the 46 compounds and their GC behaviour was discussed. The derivatization procedure and the retention data would be useful for the direct GC identification of unknown glycine-conjugated bile acid mixtures extracted from biological samples.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060103
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  • 48
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    Quantitative determination of valproic acid and 14 metabolities in serum and urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 24-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for the determination of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid and 14 of its metabolites in serum and urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring of the trimethylsilylated derivatives has been developed. Sample preparation, including hydrolysis of VPA-conjugates and removal of urea in urine is carried out at pH 5.0 and is rapid and simple. The samples are extracted with ethyl acetate and the concentrated extracts are trimethylsilylated. Analysis with adequate separation of metabolites is achieved with a DB 1701 fused silica (Megabore) capillary column. The method exhibits high recovery and reproducibility and is sufficiently sensitive and selective for analysis of small sample volumes. Application of the method for screening patient serum and urine samples for unusual metabolite patterns, with possible predictive value for early detection of liver injury, is presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060108
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  • 49
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    Calendar of events (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 108-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060214
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  • 50
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    High performance liquid chromatographic strategy suitable for the analysis of exopolysaccharides extracted from pathogenic bacteria (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed to permit the rapid comparison of acidic polysaccharides of diverse compositions and the sensitive determination of their constituents. It is based on two combined analyses of the polysaccharide hydrolysates - a separation of the released compounds by ion-moderated partition chromatography with UV detection at two wavelengths and a separation of the sugar dansylhydrazine derivatives by reversed phase chromatography. The former permits identification and quantitation of uronic and carboxylic acids, the latter permits more sensitive and specific determination of the neutral aldoses. Some bacterial exopolysaccharides have been used to demonstrate the validity of this HPLC procedure for the chemical characterization of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides. This method appears to be useful for studying capsular polysaccharides, which are involved in the evasion of phagocytosis by pathogenic bacteria.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060303
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  • 51
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    Analysis of fragrance compounds in blood samples of mice by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, GC/FTIR and GC/AES after inhalation of sandalwood oilDedicated to Prof. Fleischhacker on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 133-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: After inhalation experiments with sandalwood oil and the pure fragrance compounds coumarin and α-terpineol, substances were detected and measured in the blood samples of test animals (mice) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (MID) in connection with GC/FTIR (SWC), GC/AES (carbon and oxygen trace) and flame ionization detection/gas chromatography. Using tiglinic acid benzyl ester as the internal standard the following concentrations in serum could be found: α-santalol 6.1 ng/mL, β-santalol 5.3 ng/mL and α-santalene 0.5 ng/mL. In separate inhalation experiments with coumarin and with α-terpineol the corresponding concentrations were 7.7 ng/mL and 6.9 ng/mL, respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060307
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  • 52
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    Sensitive fluorometric detection of prostaglandins by high performance liquid chromatography after precolumn labelling with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl)-7-(1-piperazinyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PZ) (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A highly sensitive and simple method for the determination of prostaglandins (PGs) by HPLC with fluorescence detection is described. PGs are converted to the corresponding fluorescence derivatives by the reaction with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl)-7-(1-piperazinyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PZ) in the presence of 2,2′-dipyridyl disulphide and triphenyl phosphine in acetonitrile. The reaction is completed at room temperature after 30 min. The DBD derivatives of nine PGs are separated within a single 45 min chromatographic run on a reversed phase ODS column with a linear gradient elution using water and acetonitrile. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) calculated from the standard mixture of PGs (6-keto-F1α, F1α, F2α, E1, E2, D2, limaprost, A1 and B1) are in the range 1.7-5.0 fmol. The applicability of the proposed procedure is evaluated to the detection of PGs added to rat plasma.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060310
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  • 53
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    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060401
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  • 54
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    Non-labelled benzodiazepines partitioned into synaptosomal membranes: their extraction and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for the extraction and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of non-labelled benzodiazepines partitioned into biological membranes has been developed. The benzodiazepine (BZD) was partitioned in a synaptosomal membrane-buffer system. The membranous pellet was separated by centrifugation and from this pellet, previously submitted or not to a proteolytic treatment and resuspended in the same buffer, the BZD was extracted by the addition of the proper volume of ethyl acetate, i.e. that capable of extracting at least 99.5% of the total drug in the aqueous phase. Optimal conditions for maximum proteolysis were: incubation of membranes at a final concentration of 1 mg protein/mL in the presence of 0.08 mg of Protease type I per mL for 90 min. at 45°C. Although the efficiency of the proteolysis was demonstrated not only by kinetic but also by electrophoretic evidence, recovery of BZD in the organic solvent was not increased by the enzymatic treatment at a mass BZD/protein ratio in the range 4-4.6 10-5 μg BZD/mg protein. For the HPLC quantification a reversed phase ODS column was used with methanol: water (1:1) plus 3.5% acetic acid as the mobile phase at a constant pressure and 1 mL/min flow rate. The UV detector was calibrated at 265 nm. Calibration curves were constructed by plotting peak height or peak area vs. nmoles BZD and adjusted to straight lines by a regression analysis by the least squares method. The peak height was selected as the detection method. Intra- and inter-assay precision did not exceed 10% and the total recovery was 100%.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060406
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  • 55
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    Simultaneous determination of pseudouridine and creatinine in urine of normal children and patients with leukaemia by high performance liquid chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 191-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of pseudouridine (PU) and creatinine (Cr) in urine is described. The mobile phase was 0.01 mol phosphate buffer (pH 6.1) containing 2.5 mmol octanesulphonic acid as the ion pairing agent. UV detection was set at 250 nm. Variation in pH value affected the retention time of PU and Cr significantly; Their separation from interfering peaks was also affected. The recoveries of PU and Cr were 89.93% and 90.35%, respectively. The standard deviation of the method for PU was 48.69 ± 0.063 (nmol/μmol Cr, mean ± SD, n = 5). The urine samples from 233 normal children of different ages and 119 patients with leukaemia were analysed by this method. The normal reference value was appraised by comparison with the percentage of immature cells in the bone marrow. The results showed that the sensitivity of the method was 94.12%, the specificity was 95.86%, the accuuracy was 95.50%, the positive predictive value was 82.05% and the negative predictive value was 98.78%. The method can be used to evaluate the state of the leukaemia, and to monitor the effect of treatment.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060407
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  • 56
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    An improved method for isolation and identification of Zn-metallothionein from cadmium-induced rat liver (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zn-metallothioneins (MT-1 and MT-2) were isolated and purified from Wistar rat liver induced by subcutaneous injection with cadmium chloride over a short time. Instead of Sephadex G-50 and DEAE Sephadex A-50, new chromatographic media produced by Pharmacia, Sephacryl S-200, S-100 and DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow were used in the purification of metallothioneins. The time required for purification with the new method was only 1/3 that required with the usual method and had the same purification effect and rate of recovery. The number of mercapto groups measured with modified Ellman's reagent and cysteine as standard is 20 in MT molecules. Zn and Cd concentrations in each fraction were measured by single sweep polarography rather than atomic absorption spectrophotometry. MT-1 and MT-2 contained 6 gram atoms of zinc, but no cadmium. Purified MT-1 and MT-2 were shown by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis to be highly homogeneous and had an amino acid composition similar to that of Cd-MT.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060411
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  • 57
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    Detection of abnormal haemoglobin by capillary electrophoresis and structural identification (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 224-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Haemoglobin obtained from a male adult Ghanian with retinopathy, which was probably caused by haemoglobinopathy was analysed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) for clinical diagnosis. Two major peaks, which were in the ratio of nearly one, were detected. The elution times of these peaks (HbXI and HbXII) were faster than that of normal haemoglobin (HbA). The existence of two different abnormal types of haemoglobin was clear in the patient blood. The following sequence analysis revealed that the first peak (HbXI) was HbC and the second (HbXII) was HbS on the electropherogram, and that the patient was a heterozygote of HbS and HbC (HbSC disease). One of the diagnostic processes in a haemoglobin disease was shown by the combined use of CE, HPLC and a protein sequencer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060504
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  • 58
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    Quantitative determination of a new anticonvulsant (CGS 18416A) in human plasma using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 236-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An analytical method has been developed for the determination of a new antiepileptic drug, CGS 18416A, in human plasma. CGS 18416A is a new anticonvulsant representative of a novel class of water-soluble agents being developed for the treatment of epilepsy. Preclinical trials indicate sustained efficacy at relatively low oral doses, indicating a need for a sensitive assay. The method is based on capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and utilizes stable isotope-labelled CGS 18416A as the internal standard. Samples (1 mL) are acidified, then washed with pentane/ethyl acetate, followed by liquid/liquid extraction at pH 11 with pentane/ethyl acetate. Extracts are then concentrated and analysed directly by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Separation is accomplished on a thick film methylsilicone capillary column. Mass spectrometry was carried out under positive ion ammonia Cl conditions with selected ion monitoring of the protonated molecular ions (m/z = 248 and 252) for CGS 18416A and the 13CD3-CGS 18416A, respectively. Specificity was demonstrated by the lack of interfering peaks at the retention time of CGS 18416A and the internal standard. Recovery and reproducibility assessments indicate good accuracy and precision over the validated concentration range of 0.2-51 ng/mL. The limit of quantification is 0.2 ng/mL and the method has sufficient sensitivity to support clinical trials. This is illustrated with an example of quantification in a normal volunteer following oral dosing.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060507
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    Product news (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 106-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060213
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  • 60
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    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060301
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  • 61
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    A sensitive determination method for mexiletine derivatized with dansyl chloride in rat plasma utilizing a HPLC peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection system (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 124-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive determination method for a non-fluorescent anti-arrhythmic drug, mexiletine, in rat plasma is presented utilizing a HPLC peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) detection system. After an internal standard (4-methylmexiletine, 4.35 pmol) and 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution were added to 5 μL rat plasma, the solution was poured onto an Extrelut 1 column. Both mexiletine and the internal standard were eluted with diethy ether and then the eluate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 0.2 M borate buffer (pH 8.5) and mixed with dansyl chloride (75 nmol) in acetronitrile. After standing of 90 min at room temperature, 0.5 N HCI was added to the reaction mixture to stop the reaction and a 2/45 aliquot of the mixture was subjected to a HPLC PO-CL detection system using bis(4-nitro-2(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxycarbonyl)phenyl)oxalate (TDPO) and hydrogen peroxide. The calibration curve for mexiletine in rat plasma was linear over the range 20-100 ng/mL plasma (20.6-103 fmol/injection). The detection limit (S/N = 2) was 1.0 fmol over the whole procedure. The method was applied to the measurement of the time courses of plasma mexiletine concentration after oral administration of the drug [25 mg (115.9 μmol)/kg] to rats.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060305
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  • 62
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    Calendar of events (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 162-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060314
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  • 63
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    Chiral separation by high performance liquid chromatography. I. Review on indirect separation of enantiomers as diastereomeric derivatives using ultraviolet, fluorescence and electrochemical detection (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The increased attention on the therapeutic implications of stereoisomerism has provided an impetus for the development of analytical methods for enantiomeric separation. The indirect method of separation of enantiomers as diastereomers using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has emerged as an efficient and versatile approach. This is due mainly to the availability of numerous chiral derivatization reagents (CDRs). This article reviews CDRs useful for the development of an indirect HPLC method using ultraviolet, fluoresence and electrochemical detection. In addition, factors crucial for the development of the indirect method are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060402
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  • 64
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    One-step preparation of Hageman factor fragment concentrate (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 194-195 
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    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The Hageman factor fragment (HFf) concentrate was prepared from acetone and dextran sulphate activated human plasma by chromatography on a CM-Sephadex column. The preparation was free of the main kallikrein inhibitors - Cl-inactivator, α2-macroglobulin, antithrombin III and α1-antitrypsin. The HFf concentrate can serve as an activator of prekallikrein in patient plasma.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060408
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  • 65
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    Liquid chromatographic determination of hyoscine (scopolamine) in urine using solid phase extraction (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 198-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive method for the determination of hyoscine (scopolamine) in urine is described. After concentration and “clean-up” on C18 and CN solid phase extraction columns, hyoscine was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with coulometric detection (oxidation at +0.9 V). The limit of detection was 5 ng per sample and the precision for 5 mL samples containing 2 ng/mL was 12.3%. The method was applied to urine samples collected from 12 volunteers wearing Scopoderm TTS patches. The mean excretion rate of unmetabolized hyoscine was 0.45 μg/h and 87% of the total hyoscine was present as conjugates. Apohyoscine (aposcopolamine) was identified as a urinary metabolite. The significance of this with regard to hyoscine assays is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060410
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  • 66
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    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060501
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  • 67
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    Detection of gangliosides with the fluorochrome NBD dihexadecylamine and its application for preparative high performance thin layer chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new method for the detection of gangliosides based on the lipophilic fluorescence agent 4-(N,N-dihexadecyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD dihexadecylamine) and its application for preparative high performance thin layer chromatography is described. Brain gangliosides were chromatographed on silica gel coated thin layer plates and located with non-destructive fluorochrome under longwave ultraviolet light. The fluorescent zones were scraped off and the gangliosides were extracted with a mixture of chloroform/methanol/water (30/60/8; v/v/v). The gangliosides were separated from uncharged NBD dihexadecylamine by anion exchange chromatography and impurities were removed by Iatrobeads chromatography. The method described offers a simple and succesful preparative thin layer chromatographic strategy to obtain pure gangliosides in microgram and milligram quantities.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060505
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  • 68
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    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060101
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  • 69
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    Quantitation of the enantiomers of rimantadine and its hydroxylated metabolites in human plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 12-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric procedure has been developed for the quantiation in human plasma of the enatiomers of rimanatadine and its three hydroxylated metabolites. The assay utilized derivatization of all analytes with the optically active reagent S-α-methyl-α-methoxy(pentafluorpheyl)acetic acid, selective ion monitoring, methane negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry and stable isotope dilution techniques. This method has been used to meausure plasma concentrations of the enantiomers of rimantadine, m-hydroxyrimantadine and p-hydroxyrimantadine (equatorial and axial epimers) in the ranges 2.5-250, 2.5-50, 1.25-62.5 and 1.25-62.5 ng/mL, respectively, in six subjects given a single 200 mg dose of racemic rimantadine. Although there are no significant differences in the concentration-time profiles of R- and S-rimantadine, large stereospecific differences in the disposition of their metabolites are observed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060105
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  • 70
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    Product news (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 53-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060114
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  • 71
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    A universal peroxyoxalate-chemiluminescence detection system for mobile phases of differing pH (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 84-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A universal peroxyoxalate-chemiluminescence detection system for high performance liquid chromatography, available for a variety of mobile phases, has been developed. The system consisted of a dual-head short-stroke pump and a chemiluminescence detector. The standard conditions using bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO) as aryl oxalate were as follows. The first postcolumn solution was the mixture of 0.5 M imidazole-nitric acid (pH 7.5) and acetonitrile (1:4, v/v). The second was acetonitrile containing TCPO-hydrogen peroxide. These two solutions were delivered by the two pump-heads. After the pH of the column eluate was adjusted to the optimum range (6.5-7.5) by the first postcolumn solution, the solution was mixed with the second postcolumn solution. After flowing through a reaction coil, the chemiluminescence of the mixture was monitored. Using this system, a high sensitivity (fmol level) was obtained for perylene as an analyte with mobile phases having different pH values (2.0-8.0). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons became detectable to a high sensitivity even after the column separation using an acidic mobile phase. The detection sensitivity of nitrated pyrenes after on-line electrochemical reduction using an acidic mobile phase was also increased. This system might be available for other aryl oxalates by some modifications of the postcolumn solutions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060208
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  • 72
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    Rapid chiral separation of metoprolol in plasma - application to the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of metoprolol enantiomers in the conscious goat (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The plasma concentrations of metoprolol enantiomers have been determined by means of a direct phenyl carbamate-cellulose-based chiral high performance liquid chromatography assay using fluorimetric detection. This assay has been used to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoprolol enantiomers in the conscious goat. There is evidence that the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in the goat occurs stereoselectively and that enantiomer-enantiomer pharmacokinetic interactions occur. R-Metoprolol is less effective in reducing the mean arterial blood pressure than S- and R/S-metoprolol.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060212
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  • 73
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    Determination of enalapril and its active metabolite enalaprilat in plasma and urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The method for the simultaneous determination of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril and its active metabolite enalaprilat in plasma and urine was developed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Enalapril and enalaprilat in plasma and urine were extracted and cleaned up by using Sep-Pak C18 and silica cartridges. Derivatization was carried out using diazomethane and trifluoroacetic anhydride. Detection by selected ion monitoring was selected to m/z 288 (enalaprilat) and 302 (enalapril). The detection limit of enalapril and enalaprilat was 200 pg/mL in plasma and 2 ng/mL in urine. This method was applied to the pharmacokinetic analysis of enalapril and enalaprilat in body fluids.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060203
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  • 74
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    High performance liquid chromatography of spermidine and spermine using a postcolumn reactor of immobilized polyamine oxidase (Aspergillus terreus) Followed by Electrochemical Detection (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A highly sensitive and selective method for the determination of spermidine and spermine has been developed. A polyamine oxidase (Aspergillus terreus) immobilized column was used as a postcolumn reactor. The detection limit was 0.2 pmol/injection for both spermidine and spermine with a linear range of three orders of magnitude.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060102
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  • 75
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    A sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatographic assay for imidazole dipeptides and 3-methylhistidine in human muscle biopsies, serum and urine (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 16-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatographic method is described for measuring imidazole dipeptides and 3-methylhistidine in human muscle biopsies, serum and urine. Muscle extract, serum or urine was reacted with o-phthaldialdehyde and the derivatives were separated by reversed phase chromatography with column swithing and fluorescence detection.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060106
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  • 76
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    Determination of the level of the core of 2′,5′-oligoadenylates by high performance liquid chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple and rapid method for analysis of the core of 2′,5′-oligoadenylates, mainly based on the use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), is described. Perchloric acid extracts of tissues or cells were first treated with nuclease P1. Portions of the extracts were then digested with alkaline phosphatase. HPLC analysis of the extracts was performed on a column system composed of an Ultrasphere ODS precolumn (4.6 × 45 mm) and an Ultrasphere Octyl column (4.6 × 250 mm) by stepwise elution using a 50 mM ammonium phosphate buffer, pH7, containing 3.5 and 7% methanol. Three species of the core of 2′,5′-oligoadenylates (dimer, trimer and tetramer) from a number of samples were eluted separately with 7% methanol, and the concentration of each core was directly estimated using constant values calculated with the standard core. The level of the core of 2′,5′-oligoadenylates in tissues and cells determined by our method is similar to that reported by other authors who used biological, radiobinding or radioimmunological assays.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060110
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  • 77
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    Isolation of clobazam-orosomucoid complexes from Patients' sera (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Orosomucoid, a member of the lipocalin family, may function in the in vivo transport of lipophilic compounds such as basic and neutral drugs. We describe the identification of 7-chloro-1-methyl-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-dione (clobazam) bound to the serum orosomucoid from individuals actively taking this tranquillizer. This suggests not only that other endogenous factors limit access to the benzodiazepine binding site on human serum albumin, but also that the differential binding of benzodiazepines and their metabolites by orosomucoid should be considered in determining therapeutic doses, particularly in the acute phase response.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060113
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  • 78
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    An automated method for the determination of a new potential antiepileptic agent (CGP 33101) in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 278-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An automated analytical method utilizing laboratory robotics has been developed and validated for quantifying concentrations of a new antiepileptic drug candidate (CGP 33101) in human plasma. The robotic system aliquots the biological sample, adds the internal standard (CGP 23901) and pH 12 buffer, extracts the compounds from the basified matrix into an organic phase (methyl-t-butyl ether:dichloromethane, 2:1) and concentrates the extracts for reversed-phase, high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. The robotic system is directly interfaced with the HPLC system. Separation is achieved on a Hypersil 3 μm C18 column (4.6 × 50 mm) with ultraviolet detection of the analytes at 230 nm. Specificity was demonstrated by the lack of interfering peaks at the retention times for both the drug and internal standard. Recovery and reproducibility assessments indicated good accuracy (overall mean relative recovery of 102.7%) and precision (coefficient of variation of 4.4 to 7.7%) for CGP 33101 over the concentration range of 50-4000 ng/mL. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is 50 ng/mL. The method has been successfully applied to a clinical study in which normal volunteers received single oral doses of 400--1200 mg of this new drug candidate.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060606
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  • 79
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    Measurement of recombinant interferon levels by high performance immunoaffinity chromatography in body fluids of cancer patients on interferon therapy (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The technique of high performance immunoaffinity chromatography was used to measure the levels of recombinant interferon in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients enrolled in a phase II recombinant interferon clinical trial. The technique employed a short high pressure chromatography column packed with minute glass beads which had monoclonal antibody, directed against recombinant alpha interferon, immobilized to their surface. This system was used to measure interferon levels in a variety of different human body fluids. A good correlation was found when interferon levels, detected by chromatographic separation, were compared to levels obtained by a conventional radioimmunoassay.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060608
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  • 80
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    Product news (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 258-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060513
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  • 81
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    A rationale for analytical methodology development (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 259-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060602
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  • 82
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    High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of six conjugated and unconjugated estrogens in serum (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Six estrogens - estrone, equilin, estradiol, sodium estrone sulphate, sodium equilin sulphate and sodium 17-α-dihydroequilin sulphate in dog serum were successfully separated and quantified by a high performance liquid chromatographic method developed in our laboratories. The mobile phase was optimized by studying the effects of an organic modifier (acetonitrile) and an ion pairing reagent (tetrabutylammonium hydroxide). The serum sample work-up procedure was designed to recover both conjugated and unconjugated estrogens. The optimum method involved acetonitrile to precipitate serum proteins/peptides and extract estrogens. Residues were reconstituted in 50% acetonitrile in water for injection. The detection limits for these six estrogens via UV detection ranged from 0.5 to 5 ng on-column with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 10 for a 20 μL injection and via fluorescence 0.1 ng on-column for 17-β-estradiol. Validation data are included for all six estrogens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060604
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  • 83
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    Determination of MDL 201,012 at femtomole/millilitre levels in human plasma by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detectionThis work was presented, in part, at the 3rd International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Boston, MA, USA, May 1991. (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic method to quantitate MDL 201,012 in human plasma was developed and validated. MDL 201,012 (I), diethyl-MDL 201,012 (internal standard, II) and desmethyldiol-MDL 201,012 (masking agent, III) were isolated from basified plasma (2 mL) by solid phase extraction using Bond-Elut® C-18 cartridges. Endogenous components were selectively removed prior to eluting the analytes from the sorbent. Components were separated using on-line LC column switching with a cyanopropyl precolumn and a phenyl analytical column. The analytical column effluent was monitored electrochemically at a glassy carbon electrode at a potential of + 1025 mV vs. Ag/AgCI. Peak-height ratios were proportional to the amount of MDL 201,012 added to plasma over the range 125-7500 pg/mL MDL 201,012. Absolute recovery of MDL 201,012 from human plasma was 〉94% across the calibration range. The minimum quantitation limit was 125 pg/mL. Assay precision (%RSD) ranged from 5.2 to 13% based on the analysis of quality control standards containing 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000 and 7500 pg/mL MDL 201,012. Corresponding assay accuracy (% relative error) was ±8.5%. The method has been successfully used to quantitate MDL 201,012 in samples from acute dose tolerance studies in human volunteers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060610
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of chlortetracycline by high performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn alkaline-induced fluorescence detection (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of chlortetracycline (CTC) using postcolumn fluorescence detection has been developed. After chromatographic separation of CTC on a polystyrenedivinylbenzene copolymer column, a highly fluorescent derivative isochlortetracycline (iso-CTC) was formed postcolumn in an on-line reaction coil with the addition of 25% NaOH (w/v). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a PRP-1 column, 15 cm × 4.6 mm, with 27:73 acetonitrile:0.2% perchloric acid (v/v), at 1.0 mL/min. Fluorescence derivatization was achieved by the on-line addition of 25% NaOH (w/v), at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, into the column eluant in a post-column reaction coil. The reaction coil was 9 m of teflon (1/16 in o.d., 0.3 mm i.d.) knitted into a six-sided coil. The fluorescent derivative was detected at λex 355 nm and λem 〉389 nm. Using this method after a simple sample cleanup, CTC can be detected in milk at 0.04 μg/mL, which is comparable to that obtained by microbiological assays. The detection method was linear between 0.02 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL. Because of the chromatographic separation, the method is more selective than microbiological assays and more sensitive than ultraviolet detection. With the chromatographic system described, the keto tautomeric forms of CTC and 4-epi-CTC are separated in a system which minimizes their formation on-column. In acidic aqueous organic solutions, the keto tautomer of CTC is the only product formed to any significant amount.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130060612
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060201
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Diary (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060202
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 63-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060204
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    A new receptor model: A direct trilinear decomposition followed by a matrix reconstruction (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 65-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Trilinear decomposition ; Receptor modeling ; Source identification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In many cases, monitoring data for ambient airborne particles can be organized in the form of a three-way data table with one way for chemical species, one for sampling periods and one for sites. A direct trilinear decomposition followed by a matrix reconstruction (DTDMR) is developed to analyze such a data table as a whole. The three-way data set is composed into three two-way matrices by a direct trilinear decomposition (DTD). The column vectors of each of the matrices are called ‘source profiles’, ‘emission patterns’ and ‘site coefficients’ respectively. Particulate sources are identified by examining both their source profiles and emission patterns. After the sources have been identified, emission patterns and site coefficients are used to produce a three-way matrix that gives estimates of mass contributions of sources to the samples collected at every site in every period. By simulation study, not only has the method been verified, but a good indicator has been found that shows the number of factors (i.e. sources) in the system. Unlike other receptor models, DTDMR does not require source profile data and does not involve trial-and-error procedures. Since DTDMR identifies sources based on variations in two dimensions, it has a higher potential to distinguish two sources that have similar chemical compositions. The DTDMR model has provided excellent results with simulated data and has been applied in a real world three-way data set.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060205
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    The chemometrics group, University of Bergen, Norway (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060209
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    In memoriam: Herman Wold, pioneer of PLS (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 117-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060303
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wavelength selection in multicomponent near-infrared calibration (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: NIR spectroscopy ; Wavelength selection ; Interaction effects ; Multicomponent mixtures ; Partial least squares ; Generalized least squares ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Modern scanning (near-)infrared reflectance/absorption (NIR) spectroscopes measure the absorptions or reflectances at a sequence of around 1000 wavelengths. Training data may consist of 10-100 carefully designed sample mixtures for which the true composition of the mixture is either known by formulation or accurately determined by wet chemistry. In future one wishes to predict the true composition from the spectrum. In this paper we compare a simple wavelength selection approach with methods which retain all the wavelengths. It offers a powerful yet simple technique for choosing those wavelengths that are specific to each pure component as against the other components (including the medium) for the varying compositions. In the presence of a defined range of ingredients in thus chooses wavelengths which are highly selective for each particular component. It has the added advantage of selecting wavelengths which are little effected by interaction effects and consequent non-linearities.The calibration data used consist of 125 observations of three sugars, each varying at five levels in a full 53 design. The validation set consists of 21 further samples specially selected to have compositions outside the range of the training sample. The selection methods perform much better on this prediction set than methods which retain all the wavelengths, 700 in this case. The leave-one-out cross-validation internal to the calibration data would point to the opposite finding and suggests that such crossvalidations may be overly flattering to techniques such as partial least squares and may encourage overfitting. After selection, simple straightforward least squares methods may be used, eschewing the need for ‘shrinkage’ methods such as partial least squares or ridge regression.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060306
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Data analysis with minimal assumptions (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Analysis of variance ; Assumptions ; Graphics ; Models ; Validation of model ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The computer has made it possible to scrutinize data rapidly by means of graphics. This should be done prior to the application of any model to the data, since the model must be validated before using it as a means of analyzing the data. The procedure is illustrated in terms of two examples of real experimental data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060504
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Design and optimization in organic synthesis, Rolf Carlson, Elsevier, Amsterdam ISBN 0-444-89201-X, No. of pages: 552, price: 330 f1 (1992) (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 284-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060508
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quadratic PLS regression (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 307-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Non-linear PLS ; Quadratic regression ; Non-linear models ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We treat here an extension of linear PLS regression to include regression on quadratic PLS components. The quadratic regression can be viewed as a natural extention of linear PLS regression to quadratic PLS according to the H-principle of mathematical modelling. The numerical implementation is treated in detail. It is shown that this approach can be used for models with large numbers of variables. Some modelling strategies are discussed depending on the purpose of the modelling. Applications of this approach are treated.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060603
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Software Review (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 6 (1992), S. 357-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180060606
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Conformational analysis of a 12-residue analogue of mastoparan and of mastoparan X (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 12 (1992), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: protein folding ; multiple minima problem ; peptide conformation ; energy calculation ; helices ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the conformational properties of a truncated analogue of mastoparan and of mastoparan X, both peptides from wasp venom. The electrostatically driven Monte Carlo method was used to explore the conformational space of these short peptides. The initial conformations used in this study, mainly random ones, led to α-helical conformations. The α-helical conformations thus found exhibit an amphipathic character. These results are in accord with experimental data from NMR and CD spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340120204
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 12 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340120401
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Helix packing of leucine-rich peptides: A parallel leucine ladder in the structure of Boc-Aib-Leu-Aib-Aib-Leu-Leu-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 12 (1992), S. 324-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: X-ray diffraction analysis ; hydrogen bonds ; peptide conformation ; 310/α-helix transition ; antiparallel helix packing ; leucyl-leucyl interaction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The packing of peptide helices in crystals of the leucine-rich decapeptide Boc-Aib-Leu-Aib-Aib-Leu-Leu-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe provides an example of ladder-like leucylleucyl interactions between neighboring molecules. The peptide molecule forms a helix with five 5→1 hydrogen bonds and two 4→1 hydrogen bonds near the C terminus. Three head-to-tail NH ċ O = C hydrogen bonds between helices form continuous columns of helices in the crystal. The helicial columns associate in an antiparallel fashion, except for the association of Leu ċ Leu side chains, which occurs along the diagonal of the cell where the peptide helices are parallel. The peptide, with formula C56H102N10O13, crystallizes in space group P212121 with Z = 4 and cell parameters a = 16.774(3) Å, b = 20.032(3) Å and c = 20.117(3) Å; overall agreement factor R = 10.7% for 2014 data with |Fobs| 〈 3σ(F); resolution 1.0 Å.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340120404
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protease pro region required for folding is a potent inhibitor of the mature enzyme (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 12 (1992), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: protein folding ; pro region ; protease inhibition ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: α-Lytic protease, an extracellular bacterial serine protease, is synthesized with a large pro region that is required in vivo for the proper folding of the protease domain. To allow detailed mechanistic study, we have reconstituted pro region-dependent folding in vitro. The pro region promotes folding of the protease domain in the absence of other protein factors or exogenous energy sources. Surprisingly, we find that the pro region is a high affinity inhibitor of the mature protease. The pro region also inhibits the closely related Streptomyces griseus protease B, but not the more distantly related, yet structurally similar protease, elastase. Based on these data, we suggest a mechanism in which pro region binding reduces the free energy of a late folding transition state having native-like structure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340120406
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 13 (1992) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340130101
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