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  • Electronic Resource  (123)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1985-1989  (34)
  • 1980-1984  (89)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1840-1849
  • 1985  (34)
  • 1981  (89)
  • Gas chromatography
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  • Electronic Resource  (123)
Years
  • 2020-2022
  • 1985-1989  (34)
  • 1980-1984  (89)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1840-1849
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopy and the classification of liquid stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary liquid, choice of ; Physico-chemical data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A table of data for acidity, basicity, polarity and London potential for stationary phases is given. These provide guidance in choosing a stationary phase for a given task from the 26 substances listed. The indices are calculated from infra-red shifts of 1-chlorobutane and the visible wavelength shifts of l2 when they are dissolved in the stationary phases, from NMR estimates of acidity and basicity and from relative retention data. They replace the less reliable data of Burns and Hawkes. Methods of determining the indices are suggested that require only a gas chromatograph and can be applied by technicians with no specialized understanding of solution parameters. An attempt to add electron donoracceptor indices to the table was unsuccessful. A further table is given of the slopes of the log plots d(logt′)/dC for use in extrapolating from one homologue to another on these stationary phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310386
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new adsorbent for trace level organic contaminants (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thermosorb ; Tenax GC ; Environmental Analysis ; Trace Organics ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A preliminary study has been carried out to evaluate a new adsorbent, Thermosorb, for trace level organic contaminants. For this purpose, a comparison was made with a well-characterized adsorbent, Tenax GC, using a prepared aqueous solution of trace organic components. In addition, a comparison was made of chromatograms of air contaminants obtained using both of these adsorbents, under equivalent conditions. The results clearly indicated the potential of this thermally stable, inorganic adsorbent for many trace organic substances of environmental interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269059
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the flame photometric detector in the sulphur mode (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Flame photometric detector ; Sulphur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The effect of experimental conditions such as gas flow rates, detector and column temperatures on sulphur response are discussed. It is concluded that the response of the flame photometric detector is affected by the O/H ratio and the total gas flow. Column temperature has an important influence upon S2 emission. It is shown that the sulphur response of the FPD is dependent on the compound containing the sulphur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269065
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sugar components of glycoprotein fractions in middle ear effusions (1985)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 242 (1985), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Glycoprotein ; Middle ear fluid ; Serous otitis media ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We analyzed the sugar components of the glycoprotein fractions in human middle ear fluid samples by using gas chromatography. All ear effusions included serous, seromucinous and mucoid samples, and contained appreciable amounts of fucose, mannose, galactose, glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine and sialic acid. Total sugar content to protein was significantly higher in mucoid effusions than in serous effusions. Among the sugar components, the contents of sialic acid, N-acetyl glucosamine, fucose and galactose were much higher in the mucoid effusions. The data show new evidence that some glycoproteins having high proportions of sialic acid, N-acetyl glucosamine, fucose and galactose appear in the middle ear fluid of the glue ear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454418
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of the properties of liquid crystals on the film thickness and surface quality of capillary columns (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 601-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystal ; Capillary columns ; Retention data ; Stationary phase film thickness ; Column surface quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Glass capillary columns were prepared from non-deactivated and deactivated glass and coated with (2-methyl-4-[trans-4-n-propyl-cyclohexylcarbonyloxy]-benzoic acid-[4-n-heptyloxy-phenylester]) as the liqud phase, in different film thicknesses. The columns were tested using substances of different structures and polarities. It was verified that the capacity factors, retention indices and selectivity significantly depend on the thickness of the liquid crystalline stationary phase film and the quality of the tube, particularly in the case of columns with thin films. Trasition temperatures (melting and clearing point) of the liquid crystal are also dependent on these two factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263219
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of amino acids to n-butyl and isobutyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Amino acids have been esterified with n-butanol and isobutanol in the presence of perchloric acid. It has been established that in the concentration range of [H2O]/[n-BuOH]=0.10–0.40 esterification can be utilized for the determination of alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, proline, methionine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine and cystine. In the case of [H2O]/[i-BuOH] =0.05–0.20 the esterification yield decreases from 100% to 70%, in proportion to the water content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262686
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A GC-system for the analysis of residual geothermal gases (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 681-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Geothermal gases ; Molecular sieves ; Low temperature separations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gases evolved from geothermal fields, after condensation of H2O, CO2, H2S and NH3 in caustic solution, contain He, H2, Ar, O2, N2, CH4 and higher hydrocarbons. The analysis for the major components in these residual gas mixtures can be achieved by use of two simple gas chromatographs in parallel, and using 5Å molecular sieve. The separation of He and H2 to baseline is achieved by using low temperatures (30°C) coupled with a relatively long column; and the difficult separation of Ar and O2 is achieved by use of a cryogenically cooled column. The use of switching valves to backflush and bypass columns ensures that a minimum time for analysis can be achieved whilst retaining baseline separations of the He/H2 and Ar/O2 pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262691
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of derivatives of chlorophenoxy acids and some other herbicides (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 685-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification ; Ethyl and methyl esters of herbicides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification method has been applied to chlorophenoxy acids and some other herbicides. This method is compared with esterification by iodoethane and diazomethane. The chlorophenoxy acids studied were: 2,4-D, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop and 2,4,5-T. Other herbicides studied were: benazolin, bentazone, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorthal, dicamba, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, dinoseb, ethephon, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, haloxyfop, ioxynil, picloram, 2,3,6-TBA and triclopyr. Fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification can be successfully applied to chlorophenoxy acids, benazolin, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, dinoseb, fluroxypyr, haloxyfop, picloram and triclopyr. The reproductibility of the method is ±5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262693
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the chromatographic step profile method for determination of water film pressure and surface free energy of quartz (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 724-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Step profile method ; Adsorption isotherm ; Water film pressure ; Surface free energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Investigation of water adsorption by the step profile method (Glueckauf method) was carried out with the help of a modified gas chromatography equipped with thermal-conductivity detector. On the basis of the adsorption isotherm obtained, the water film pressure and the polar component of the surface free energy of quartz were calculated. The calculated value of the polar component of the surface free energy of quartz agrees with analogous values obtained by other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282930
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved energy generator for the study of reactions of thermal-energy electrons with organic compounds (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Electron-capture ; Thermal-energy electrons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The products resulting from the reaction between thermal energy electrons and organic compounds have been investigated to further our knowledge of the mode of action of the electron-capture detector. Thermal energy electrons were generated by maintaining a corona discharge between a stainless steel cathode and a silver/silver chloride anode. The effects of electrode geometry, gas composition, gas flow rate, and the physical properties of the test substances were investigated. The design of the reactor was modified to minimize losses of unchanged substrate. Reaction products of benzaldehyde, tolualdehydes, chlorobenzaldehydes, and dichlorobenzenes were identified by combined gas chromatography — mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262703
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wide-bore capillary columns for gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 195-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Wide-bore capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262711
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new derivative for improved GLC separation of mannose, galactose and glucose (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 403-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Separation of sugars ; Oxime formation ; Silylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The procedure involving oxime formation followed by silylation for the analysis of standard hexoses by GC resulted in unseparated peaks for D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose. This procedure was therefore modified to obtain clear separation of hexoses. STOX (hydroxylamine containing phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as the internal standard) was mixed with trimethylsilylimidazol or hexamethyldisilazane, and then added to a standard sugar mixture containing D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography with OV-17/OV-22 as the stationary phase, resulting in three distinct peaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265481
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of aliphatic hydroxy acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 421-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of aliphatic hydroxy acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Aliphatic hydroxy acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification of lactic, tartronic malic and citric acids in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the determination of these aliphatic hydroxy acids by gas chromatography. Water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.02. For mole ratios above 0.02 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for the binding of water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–2.53 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.27 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265484
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of the thermal and photochemical reaction products in diethyl ether solutions of nitrogen oxides (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 466-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Diethyl ether ; Photo-induced reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary When dissolved in diethyl ether, nitrogen dioxide reacts with the solvent, slowly at room temperature, more rapidly on heating of UV irradiation. A complex mixture of products is formed in which further changes are observed after prolonged storge: these are less pronounced if the unreacted nitrogen oxides are removed. A gas chromatographic method was applied for the identification of the majority of products. Irradiation does not change significantly the qualitative and quantitative composition of the reaction products. The reaction is thus the so-called photo-induced process [ΔG〈0]. Preliminary suggestions are made concerning the reaction mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344787
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography in fluidized beds (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 538-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fluidized beds ; Industrial chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Chromatography is carried out under the conditions of fluidization, in long, straight tubes under organized and non-organized conditions. Under non-organized conditions the column is filled only with a sorbent. In organized conditions, either metal coils are added into the column or a segmented column is utilized with metal grids. The results obtained are compared to those obtained under fixed-bed conditions when the column is completely filled with the sorbent. Organized fluidized beds provide a significant decrease in longitudinal bandspreading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312173
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of polyalcohols in wine and vinegar by gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polyalcohol quantification ; Wine ; Vinegar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method is described for the analysis of arabitol, mannitol, sorbitol and inositol in wine. The method is evaluated for repeatability using perseitol as internal standard. Perseitol can be added to wine before or after passing the wine through the ion-exchange column without showing significant differences in the polyalcohol content. The method is also applied to the analysis of vinegar from different substrates (wine cider and rice).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262712
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of supports with liquid phases by thermal treatment in a closed system (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 228-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Modified diatomaceous supports
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diatomaceous earth type supports are modified with a liquid phase, by high-temperature thermal treatment in a closed system. It is shown that the retention characteristics of the support changes by this treatment. The main advantage of this method, as compared with modification in a flow-through system is that liquid phase evaporation and possibility of oxydation during the process can be avoided. This ensures a better uniformity of the modified support.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259692
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of silica with mixtures of hexamethylcyclotrisilazane and hexamethyldisilazane (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 308-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silica surface modification ; Hexamethylcyclotrisilazane ; Hexamethyldisilazane ; Support materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary For chromatographic purposes the use of mixtures instead of individual silylating agents can produce better deactivated surface than those shown by silicas modified by hexamethylcyclotrisilazane or hexamethyldisilazane separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310388
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air-sampling of three tertiary amines (triethylamine, dimethylisopropylamine, dimethylethylamine) (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; H2SO4-coated silica gel ; Air pollution (foundries) ; Tertiary amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of the main publications dealing with air-sampling and analysis of aliphatic amines, the authors propose and investigate two sampling methods (bubbling through a sulfuric acid solution, trapping on sulfuric acid-treated silica-gel) for three tertiary aliphatic amines commonly encountered in foundries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260478
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of p-n-butyl oxybenzoic acid as liquid-crystalline sorbent in gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystals ; Substituted benzenes and selectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention mechanisms of polymethylbenzenes and n-alkylbenzenes on the inert solid support Chromaton (spec-surface area: 1m2/g) and the adsorbent-support Silochrom (C-80 (80 m2/g) coated with p-n-butyl oxybenzoic acid have been investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260485
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between thermodynamic characteristics and isothermal retention indices (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamic characteristics ; Retention index calculation ; Temperature dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Thermodynamic characteristics determined from retention data measured under isothermal conditions were used for the calculation of retention indices of a number of model compound. The minimum retention index difference required for the identification of two adijacent compounds as well the temperature dependency of retention index are discussed. The possibility of alculating thermodynamic characteristics from retention indices published in the literature was also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263223
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of non-branched alkenylcycloalkanes with a terminal double bond from retention index increments (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Retention indices ; Alkylcyclopentane and Alkenylcyclopentane ; Alkylcyclohexane and Alkenylcyclohexane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Reaction products of the pyrolysis of n-dodecylpentane and n-hexylcyclohexane had been separated and identified on a glass capillary column coated with Polydimethylsiloxane OV-1. The identification of the components in the pyrolysis products and of the corresponding hydrogenated samples was performed from structure retention correlations, especially retention index increments (1CH2), homomorphy values (HOV-1) and the temperature coefficients of retention indices (δI/δT). Hence the presence of homologous 1-alkenes and of monoalkenylcycloalkanes could be confirmed. Based on the addition principle of index increments the determination of the side chain structure of alkenylcycloalkanes (straight chain) and the position of the double bond was ascertained. The calculation of the retention indices of these compounds was performed with high accuracy (deviation 〈1 index unit). Retention indices of 10 1-alkenes, 11 monoalkenyl-cyclopentanes, 11 monoalkylcyclopentanes, 5 monoalkenylcyclohexanes and 5 monoalkylcyclohexanes were determined on the liquid phase Polydimethylsiloxane OV-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280602
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary GC of triglycerides in fats and oils using a high temperature phenylmethylsilicone stationary phase, part I (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 415-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillaries ; High-temperature phases ; Triglyceride analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analysis of triglycerides on FSOT columns coated with a phenylmethylsilicone gum opens up new perspectives in fat and oil characterization. On phenylmethylsilicone, besides a “carbon number” or CN separation, the triglycerides are also separated according to the different combinations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the triglycerides.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080812
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic simulated distillation of heavy petroleum fractions up to 800°C TBP by capillary gas chromatography. Part I: Possibilities and limits of the method (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 771-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Simulated distillation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The characterization of heavy petroleum fractions is essential for the design and improvement of cracking plants converting heavy feedstock into valuable “white” products. Conventional simulated distillation methods using packed columns are unsuitable for this purposes, being limited to boiling points up to about 600°C. The method presented is able to cover a boiling points interval ranging from about 150°C up to around 800°C. It employs a short, nonpolar, highly thermostable capillary column routinely operated at temperatures around 430°C. The analytical system is based on a high temperature versions of a fully automatic, capillary dedicated gas chromatograph. The experimental data demonstrate that cold on-column injection is the sole sampling system suitable for such heavy compounds. The conversion of the retention times into boiling points, based on the use of low molecular weight polyethylenes, is extremely reliable, as demonstrated by the excellent retention time reproducibilities. The lower part (up to 550-600°C TBP) of the boiling point distribution curves of heavy petroleum fractions obtained on capillary columns fits well with the corresponding distribution curves based on packed column data. For the petroleum fractions fully eluted from the column the quantitative results obtained either using internal standards or by direct processing of the elution curves are in excellent agreement (less than 0.3 weight% differences). The method has been applied to the determination of the true boiling points corresponding to short path vacuum distillation (DISTACT) cut points over 300°C.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081113
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulated distillatin of atmospheric residues using short pyrex capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 193-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Atmospheric residue ; Capilary columns ; Gas chromatography ; Pyrex ; Simulated distillation (SIMDIS) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080409
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic system for rapid analysis of volatile compounds by purge-and-cold-trapping/capillary gas chromatographyDedicated to Professor Kurt Grob on the occasion of his retirement. Paper presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Capillary chromatography, 1985. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 755-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Automatic analysis of volatiles ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A system for automatic analysis of volatile compounds by purge-and-cold-trapping/capillary gas chromatography is described. It is suitable for analysis of volatile compounds in a wide variety of samples, such as water, food products and environmental samples. Possibilities and limitations of the system are evaluated in relation to several parameters. The efficiency of different types of cryogenic trap (open tubular, coated, packed) is also investigated; it depends on purge-flow rate, temperature of trapping, and total purge volume. Examples of the analysis of volatile compounds in foods and water are given.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081111
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stationary-phase focusing in capillary gas-liquid chromatography: An experimental test of theory (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 804-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Stationary-phase focusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081118
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FABES and FAPES - transesterification of triglycerides with higher alcohols. Quantitation and mass spectrometric evaluation (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 440-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; GC/MS ; Capillary column, fused silica ; EI-MS/CI-MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to facilitate the gas chromatographic determination of butyric as well as other short chain fatty acids, triglycerides containing these fatty acids were transbutylated and transpentylated to give FABES (fatty acid butyl esters) and FAPES (fatty acid pentyl esters), respectively. This method allows the molecular weight of the compounds to be increased while their polarity is decreased. Short chain esters elute sufficiently separated from the solvent; due to the decreased polarity, elution of long chain fatty acids is only slightly retarded compared to the corresponding methyl esters. Quantitative evaluation over a large series of injections proved the linearity of correction factors in both cases, FABES and FAPES, with a slight deviation for 16:0 and 18:0, respectively. Structural characterization was performed by GC/MS. It was shown that there are characterstic fragmentations for FABES as well as for FAPES. The El-mass spectra give structural information about the alcohol and acid moieties, the ester molecule and the Cl-spectra indicate the molecular weight. The absence of abundant highly characteristic peaks in the spectra of these esters makes the detection of FABES or FAPES in complex mixtures more difficult than the detection of FAMES with their very characteristic ions at m/z 74 and 87.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080817
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deactivation of fused silica capillary columns with cyanopropylhydrosiloxanes (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 741-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Deactivation ; Cyanopropylhydrosiloxanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for surface deactivation and modification of fused silica capillary columns with a cyanopropyl-containing reagent. The deactivation procedure involved a dehydrocondensation reaction between a bis(cyanopropyl)methylhydropolysiloxane reagent and surface silanol groups at an optimum temperature of only 250°C. Actual critical surface tension measurements were made using the capillary rise method. Excellent deactivation for acidic and basic compounds at the low ng level, and wettability for nonpolar and polar polysiloxane stationary phases were obtained. A procedure was developed to remove acidic impurities that are present in polar stationary phases.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081109
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of inert and high-temperature stable apolar and medium polar glass-capillary columns using OH-terminated polysiloxane stationary phases (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 718-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, glass ; Inert, stable stationary phases ; Leaching ; Immobilization by condensation ; OH terminal groups ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coating intensively leached silica surfaces with OH-terminated phases provides a new way of producing, by simple means, columns with substantially increased inertness and thermostability. In addition, their separation efficiency is found to be typically higher than that of columns with traditional coatings. The underlying basic effect is a condensation process between terminal silanol groups of the phase and residual silanols, of the glass surface, thus producing the mentioned inertness. Moreover, the surface-bonded molecules are immobilized without addition of a radical generator. If required, crosslinking can also be effected using a volatile azo compound. No vinyl groups are required for this additional immobilization process. The paper discusses all processes involved, and gives detailed working directions for the following medium polar phases. OV-1701-OH, OV-31-OH (new, 17% cyanopropyl), OV-61-OH, and OV-17-OH, and the apolar phases PS-347.5 and PS-086. There is no doubt so far that the principle of terminal silanol groups is applicable to all silicone phases, and may replace the traditional endcapped stationary phases in the future.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081106
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static coating: The solvent; the source of vacuum (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 856-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Static coating ; Vacuum sources ; Coating solvent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081212
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new bonded stationary phase for the gas chromatographic separation of volatile priority pollutants and chlorinated pesticides (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 715-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; Immobilization ; Polymethylsiloxane stationary phase ; Priority pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new phenyl-cyanopropyl polymethylsiloxane stationary phase, DB-1301, which can be crosslinked and bonded to the fused silica surface, has been synthesized. The phase composition was optimized for the separation of 18 volatile priority pollutants, selected from the so-called “purgables” list because of problems associated with their resolution. The composition of the stationary phase was based on theoretical considerations of binary phase mixtures and window diagram prediction. Columns coated with this stationary phase are compatible with atom selective detectors, such as the electron capture detector. A mixture of 18 volatile priority pollutants and a mixture of chlorinated pesticides were used as test probes on a prototype 30 m × 0.32 mm fused silica column, containing a 1.0 μm film of DB-1301.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081105
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    At-column injection: An improved method for accurate sample transfer to capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 801-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Sample introduction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081116
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dramatic selectivity changes on carrier gas flow change in a series-coupled GC capillary tandem (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 580-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, in series ; Flow rate changes ; Selectivity ; Retention time ; Residence time ; Multichromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe the polarity of selectivity of a GC separation system in terms of Retention Index data. In a series-coupled capillary system having stationary phases of differing polarity even slight (independent!) carrier gas flow changes in one part of the capillary series result in a dramatic change of selectivity. “Dramatic” is a relative term! Using a simple electronically controlled flow changing device we found retention index changes of several hundred units for polar test compounds such as phenols on a SE30/Carbowax tandem. This means: The classical theoretical model for understanding retention (and selectivity) in chromatography must be corrected. We propose a very simple approach involving addition of the expression RESIDENCE TIME to the chromatographic vocabulary. Instead of using flow resistors, one can just add a pressure regulator to the coupling point. A powerful analytical concept is now in easy reach.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080921
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pargyline and SKF-525A on brain N,N-dimethyltryptamine concentrations and hyperactivity in mice (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: DMT ; Gas chromatography ; Hyperactivity ; Pargyline ; SKF-525A ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mice pretreated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline showed a dose-dependent increase in hyperactivity for up to 2 h following injections of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT: 0.5–8.0 mg/kg). Hyperactivity was related to a linear increase in whole brain concentrations of DMT as measured by a new sensitive gas chromatographic assay. The duration of this behaviour paralleled the concentration of DMT in the brain from 15–120 min. However, at 15 min, there was no significant difference in brain DMT concentrations between mice receiving pargyline and those given distilled water at the two dose levels of DMT studied (2.0 and 8.0 mg/kg). Pre-treatment with the microsomal enzyme inhibitor SKF-525A, alone or in combination with pargyline, had no effect on the DMT-induced behaviour or on the brain levels of DMT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432184
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the urinary metabolites of n-hexane, cyclohexane and their isomers by gas chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Urine analysis metabolites ; Gas chromatography ; Hexane ; Cyclohexane ; Biological monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method for analyzing the urinary metabolites of n-hexane (2-hexanol, 2,5-hexanedione, 2,5-dimethylfuran and γ-valerolactone), of 2-methylpentane (2-methyl-2-pentanol), of 3-methylpentane (3-methyl-2-pentanol), and of cyclohexane (cyclohexanol) was developed. Processing of urine and the gas chromatographic conditions are described. The recovery rate of all hexane metabolites, except 2,5-dimethylfuran, ranged between 92 and 100%. The variation coefficient of metabolites determination was between 1.5 and 5%, apart from 2,5-dimethylfuran determination for which the variation coefficient was 15%. The detection limits ranged between 0.2 and 0.7 mg/1 and between 0.05 and 0.1 mg/1 when a packed or capillary column was used. Results obtained from a packed and capillary column are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405936
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal standardization in the head space analysis of organic solvents in blood (1981)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1981), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Blood analysis of solvents ; Gas chromatography ; Head space ; Toxicokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The determination of toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene and trichloro-ethylene in blood by means of a gas chromatographic head space technique is presented. Internal standards are added to the blood samples in the form of water solutions of volatile hydrocarbons in proportion 2:1. This enables application of the internal standard within the broad range of concentrations and in addition increases significantly the concentrations of investigated compounds in the gas phase of incubation vessel. Elaborated methods were applied for determinations of ethylbenzene in blood samples collected after experimental inhalation exposure and for evaluation of the rate of disappearance of benzene, toluene and trichloro-ethylene from blood after acute accidental or suicidal intoxications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377664
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational exposure to hexachlorocyclohexane (1981)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 319-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Chlorophenols ; Gas chromatography ; Hexachlorocyclohexane ; Metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A sensitive and specific gas chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of ten chlorinated phenols that appear in the urine of persons exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). The phenolic compounds in the urinary samples are hydrolysed in an acidic medium and derivatised with acetic anhydride. This sample treatment permits routine application. The stationary phase (8% DC 200 on Chromosorb G AW-DMCS possesses a high separating capability for the acetic esters of the chlorophenols. The detection limits lie between 4.9 and 18.6 μg/l and allow determinations even in the environmentally interesting concentration range. The recoveries determined using aqueous standards range between 87 and 119% and the relative standard deviations are between 4.4 and 10.1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378679
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3-methoxytyramine: Its suitability as an indicator of synaptic dopamine release (1981)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 315 (1981), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: 3-Methoxytyramine ; Haloperidol ; Dopamine release ; Dopamine agonists ; Gas chromatography ; Mass Spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The value of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) as an indicator of impulse-related dopamine (DA) release has been assessed in rat corpus striatum. Moreover, the turnover of 3-MT was estimated by measuring its disappearance rate after COMT inhibition. Quantitation of 3-MT and DA was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (selected ion monitoring). Haloperidol in doses between 0.05 and 3 mg/kg p.o. did not increase endogenous 3-MT levels at any time up to 24 h after its administration, whereas it dose-dependently increased homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. However, in doses above 0.1 mg/kg p.o., it enhanced the accumulation of 3-MT in clorgyline-pretreated animals. Conversely, baclofen in doses of 2 mg/kg i.p. and above decreased endogeneous 3-MT levels, but reduced the accumulation of this amine only poorly at 20 mg/kg i.p. in clorgyline-pretreated rats. A number of dopamine agonists, apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.), dipropyl-ADTN (0.03 mg/kg i.v.), but not bromocriptine (1 mg/kg i.v.) reduced endogenous 3-MT levels 10 min after administration by approximately 50%. The DA releasing agents d-amphetamine and methylphenidate showed different effects: the former increased endogenous 3-MT greatly, whereas the latter was without effect. The difference is likely to be related to the MAO inhibitory properties of amphetamine. 3-MT disappeared rapidly after COMT inhibition with 50 mg/kg i.v. tropolone (half-life of the initial disappearance about 1 min). The curve flattened off after 5–10 min. Turnover was calculated to be about 7 nmol/g/h, which corresponds to about a third of the turnover of DA. Our results suggest that an important part of DA metabolism occurs through 3-MT and that this amine is very effectively deaminated by MAO-A, so effectively indeed that increased formation does not increase its endogeneous levels. It appears, therefore, that 3-MT is not suitable as an indicator of increased DA release. However, it seems to have some value for an assessment of lowered DA release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499838
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically modified teflon wall-coated open tubular columns for gas chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 19-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Teflon columns ; Chemically modified teflon ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Wall-coated open tubular columns prepared from chemically modified teflon tubing have been developed for gas chromatography. Chemical reaction of the inner walls of teflon tubing allows bonding of an adhesive layer on which a variety of stationary phaes can be coated. Test mixtures of alkanes and alcohols were used to investigate the chromatographic properties of these columns and the stability and mixing of the adhesive and stationary phae layers. the results in dicate that mixing of the layers is negligible and that the column is stable for a long period of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262057
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Herstellung von Glas-Kapillarsäulen für die Gas-Chromatographie (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 55-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Capillary columns, glass ; Gas chromatography ; Column preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kapillar-Gas-Chromatographie ist heute das sich am stärksten entwickelnde Gebiet der Gas-Chromatographie. Es gibt viele komplexe, neue Fragestellungen in der Analytik, welche den Einsatz spezieller Kapillarsäulen erfordem. Glücklicherweise gibt es aber auch eine große Zahl von Herstellungsverfahren für Kapillarsäulen, welche — noch mehr als bei der Herstellung von gepackten Säulen — eine Anpassung an die gestellten Aufgaben ermöglichen. In diesem Artikel werden die Herstellungsverfahren für Kapillarsäulen zusammengestellt und Anregungen gegeben, wie aufgaben-orientierte Säulen erreicht werden.
    Notes: Summary Glass capillary column chromatography is the most rapidly growing part of gas chromatography. There are many complex new analytical tasks and they require special capillary columns, Fortunately there is a wide range of column preparation methods available, and they make the preparation of glass capillary columns a more varied job than that of packed columns. In this paper these methods are reviewed and suggestions are given for making task-oriented columns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262064
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of phenylurea herbicides following catalytic hydrolysis on silica gel (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 579-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Urea herbicides ; Catalytic hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the rapid catalytic hydrolysis of phenylurea herbicides on silica gel at elevated temperatures. After derivatisation of the anilines produced with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride final analysis is done on a gas chromatograph equipped with an electroncapture detector. Detection limits are in the 1–5 picogram range. The method has successfully been applied to residue analysis of water samples at the 1 ppb level. The determination of free anilines present in water samples and the potential of various techniques to be used to discriminate between free anilines and parent herbicides are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262887
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of water phenolic pollutants using acid-washed graphitised carbon black (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 86-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Graphitised carbon black ; Phenols ; Water pllutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The fractionation of eleven phenols which may be contaminants in drinking water has been accomplished by using acid-washed graphitised carbon black modified with trimesic acid and PEG 20 M.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279517
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel applications for headspace gas chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 447-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Headspace analysis ; Gas chromatography ; Residual analysis of polyethylene terephthalate ; Acetylene reduction assay ; Ethylene evolution in germinating seed ; Acetaldehyde generation in polyester resin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary New application areas for headspace gas chromatography in agricultural and polymer degradation research are described. Specific examples are drawn from the various forms of headspace analysis with emphasis on the automated static equilibrium method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263531
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The obstruction factor γ in gas chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 576-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Tortuosity factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The relationship between the obstructive factor γ and velocity was restudied. The dependence of the obstructive factor on velocity was verified. The effects of diffusion coefficient and particle-to-column diameter ratio on the obstructive factor-velocity relationship were investigated. The results are consistent with Hawkes' hypothesis that values of γ at low velocities are averages over tightly packed and loosely packed domains while at high velocities they are weighted in favour of the loosely packed domains where there is more flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262886
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blending bulk dissolution and gas-liquid-adsorption with the mixing of two liquid stationary phases to increase selectivity (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 648-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas-liquid adsorption ; Bulk solution ; Mixed stationary phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary It is shown that the blending of some retention effects can make the resolution of complex mixtures on short classical columns as effective as on capillary columns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02291105
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Headspace gas chromatographic determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in natural and waste water (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 699-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Headspace analysis ; Aromatic hydrocarbons ; Water analyses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The possibilities of using headspace analysis of aromatic hydrocarbon traces in aqueous solutions with changing values of the partition coefficients are discussed. A variant of headspace analysis of the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon in natural and waste water is described. It involves two-step gaseous extraction of a sample in vessels of varying volume before and after the equilibrium phase is replaced with a pure gas (air or nitrogen). This method permits to analyse 5–50 ml water samples with benzene and toluene contents varying from the ppb to the ppm range within an error not exceeding 155. The analysis time is about 1.5 h. The presence of non-volatile organic or mineral substances does not influence the determination. This method is unsuitable to heterogeneous systems (aqueous oil emulsions): before carrying out the analysis for the hydrocarbon content these systems have to be homogenized first.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259458
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting reproducibility in the manufacture of glass and siliceous glass open tubular (capillary) columns (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 484-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open tubular (capillary) columns ; Glass columns ; Fused-silica columns ; Column testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Column characteristics affecting the chromatographic behavior of glass and siliceous glass (“fused silica”) capillary columns include the dimensional uniformity of the column, the physical and chemical characteristics of the column wall and the characteristics of the liquid phase. In the case of the coated column the uniformity and thickness of the liquid phase film are the most important criteria affecting column reproducibility. The paper discusses these factors and their influence on column performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263539
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of complex industrial samples by gas chromatography; a report on selected past activities (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Quantitative analysis ; Copper oxide converter ; Inorganic gas analysis ; Determination of fluorine and oxygen ; Hydrocarbon analysis ; Wine analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A review of past activities concerning selected industrial analytical problems is given. This includes the following question: preparation of pure gas mixtures to be used for calibration, catalytic conversion of ester and pyridin samples to carbon dioxide and a one-point calibration method using peak heights, both for quantitative analysis, analysis of gas mixtures containing fluorine and inorganic fluorine compounds and the determination of the oxygen and fluorine content of the sample, separation and identification of hydrocarbons in shale oil and petroleum fraction samples, and analysis of wine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260153
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary gas chromatography of esters correlations between structure and retention index (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Capillary columns ; Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention index of twenty different homologous series of esters have been determined experimentally on polar (Carbowax 1540) and non-polar (squalane) columns. General equations to calculate retention index have been established by statistical methods. The influence of the length and inductive effect of acid and alcohol chains and the relative position of the carboxylic group are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02314758
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kaolin as support for porous layer open tubular columns (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Porous layer open tubular columns ; Kaolin as support ; Column performance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary PLOT columns have been prepared with kaolin as the liquid phase support. These columns show good efficiency with different stationary phases and good thermal stability with polar phases. The performance of columns is shown by the separation of various mixtures such as fatty acids, phenols and anilines which are of analytical importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259267
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of xylidine isomers on heteroaromatic compounds by gas-liquid chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 39-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Xylidine isomers ; Heteroaromatic liquid phases ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Nicotinic acid and 1H-benzotriazole appreciably resolved all the xylidine (dimethylaniline) isomers, while benzimidazole, nicotinamide and phthalimide can also separate all the isomers except 2,4- and 2,3-xylidines. The analyses were carried out on supports which were not treated with an alkali.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262060
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed phases of Superox 20M and OV-1 in fused silica and glass capillary gas chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silica capillaries ; Glass capillaries ; Mixed gum phases ; Polarity and selectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Mixed phases of Superox 20M and OV-1 can be coated homogeneously on the untreated wall of fused silica capillary columns. Excellent columns with regard to efficiency, inertness and thermal stability can be obtained. (CE〉95% and MAOT≥250°). The polarity and selectivity were ascertained with Rohrschneider-Reynolds probes and a capillary polarity test mixture. The analysis of an essential oil mixture illustrates the possibilities of mixed phases in practical capillary GC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259233
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of glass, quartz, and fused silica capillary column surfaces from contact-angle measurements (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fused silica ; Contact angle ; Wettability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the systematic characterization of glass and the newly introduced fused silica and quartz capillary columns from surface wettability measurements. Common gas chromatographic stationary phases were used in capillary-rise measurements at temperatures up to 300°C. By construction of Zisman plots and using the Cassie equation, the relative surface concentrations of wettable and non-wettable groups were determined. By application of the Fowkes equation, the dispersion force component of the surface energy was investigated. The influence of various surface treatments such as leaching, silylation, and polymeric film formation are discussed. Wettability measurements were also used to evaluate the thermostability of various treated surfaces and to compare the surface properties of glass, quartz, and fused silica. The wettability of the surfaces with selected stationary phases as a function of temperature is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262872
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  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of average molecular polarizabilities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons directly from retention indices (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 707-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Retention index ; Average molecular polarizabilities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A significant correlation has been found between the retention indices of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on non-polar stationary phases and the average molecular polarizabilities of the molecules separated on these phases. Equations have been derived for the determination of the average molecular polarizabilities, directly from the retention indices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259460
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  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the retention of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gas chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Retention index ; Vapour pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention index of a planar polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon on the GC phases OV-101, SE-52, and OV-17 is strictly related only to the boiling point, and less closely to the relative molecular mass. The very approximates relation with connectivity index ins only a consequence of the latter. On a nematic lqiuid crystal phase, a variation of activity coefficient, expressed in terms of a shape factor, also influences the retention of PAH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279514
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  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of trace components in gases by gas chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Detector performance ; Trace analysis ; Catalytic conversion ; Multidimensional gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Relationships are derived describing how the detection limit of a chromatographic system depends on the minimum detectable limit of the detector and the chromatographic parameters such as column length, efficiency, carrier gas flow rate and the capacity factor. Performance data of detectors developed in the last 25 years at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are given and a few selected application examples are listed. These include trace analysis by preconcentration and by direct analysis and the utilization of multidimensional gas chromatography with two columns, two detectors, a 12-port valve, and a catalytic conversion reactor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259264
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  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A column packing for isothermal gas chromatographic analysis of C1−C5 paraffins and monoolefins and dimethyl ether (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 277-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; C1−C5 Hydrocarbons ; Dimethyl ether
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An analytical GC method was developed which uses a single packed column consisting of three packings in series prepared with the following liquid phases: dimethyl sulfolane, propylene carbonate, and silver nitrate. This system provides satisfactory resolution of mixtures of C1−C5 hydrocarbons and dimethyl ether obtained when converting methanol to gasoline. Due to the high capacity of the column it is possible to inject larger sample amounts permitting trace analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259265
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  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of phthalides from umbelliferae by combined liquid-solid and gas-liquid chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 452-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Phthalides ; Umbelliferae ; Liquid-solid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Ligustilide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A liquid-solid chromatographic pre-fractionation of naturally occurring phthalides has been developed. The LSC was carried out on a column of silica applying a 1–50% gradient elution of diethyl ether (containing 2% methanol) in pentane. The enrichment in the fractions led to better possibilities for a gas chromatographic separation and isolation allowing further studies by spectroscopic methods. Ligustilide may easily isomerize during GC as a result of ageing of the column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263532
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  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic separation of ethanolamines and ethylene glycols without preliminary derivatization (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 601-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Ethanolamines ; Ethylene glycols ; Direct separation ; Gas chromatography ; Short glass capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An effective and rapid GC separation of ethanolamines, even in the presence of ethylene glycols, using short glass capillary columns is developed. No preliminary derivatisation of the sample is necessary. The separation is completed in 6 minutes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262893
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  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of phenol in urine by enzymatic hydrolysis/headspace gas chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 507-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Headspace ; Phenol ; Urine ; Enzymatic hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new method has been developed for the determination of phenol in urine in which the phenol conjugates are hydrolysed enzymatically and the liberated phenol is analysed by headspace chromatography. The results compare favourably with those obtained by the method of van Haaften and Sie in which acid hydrolysis is carried out in a heated GC precolumn. The enzymatic hydrolysis headspace technique appears to be very reliable and does not suffer from the disadvantages of precolumn acid hydrolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265629
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comments on column characterization: A sulfur column (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 421-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid sulfur ; McReynolds' constants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The McReynolds' constants for liquid sulfur as a stationary phase in gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) are presented. A simple graphical method of pattern analysis is used to indicate the uniqueness of the sulfur column as compared with other stationary liquid phases characterized by McReynolds. The limitations of using a single factor (as polarity) for the basis for the selection of GLC columns is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262878
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  • 63
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    Electronic Resource
    Trennung, Identifizierung und Bestimmung von Treibgasen und Lösungsmitteln in Aerosol-Produkten mittels Gas-Chromatographie (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Kováts retention indices ; Propellants ; Solvents ; Aerosol packs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A gas chromatographic method is described by which a nearly complete separation of all commonly used propellants and solvents and their identification and determination can be achieved in one step. The separation is by simple adsorption chromatography on columns packed with Porapak-T with a temperature program 100–180°C at 10°C/min. Kováts' retention indices have been calculated for isothermal conditions at 150°C respectively 100°C for the propellants, at 180°C for the solvents. An exact identification of the propellants and solvents by means of the Kováts' indices is practicable even in complex mixtures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine gas-chromatographische Methode angegeben, welche eine fast vollständige Auftrennung aller handelsüblichen Aerosol-Treibgase und Lösungsmittel und ihre Identifizierung und Bestimmung in einem Schritt gestatet. Die Trennung erfolgt durch reine Adsorptions-Chromatographie and Porapak T-Säulen bei 100–180°C mit einer Temperaturate von 10°C/min. Zur Bestimmung der Retentionsindices nach Kovats wurden die Treibgase isotherm bei 150°C bzw. 100°C, die Lösungsmittel bei 180°C aufgetrennt. Anhand der Kovats-Indices ist eine eindeutige Identifizierung der Treibgase und Lösungsmittel selbst in vielfältigen Gemischen möglich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259234
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  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass capillary SCOT columns by a single-step coating method (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; SCOT column ; Coating, liquid phase ; Single-step coating ; Phenols ; Phenolic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A single-step coating method for the preparation of glass capillary SCOT columns is described. It is reproducible and less time-consuming than the well-known two-step coating procedures. Other methods attempted are discussed briefly. Both the flame ionization and electron capture detectors could be used in conjunction with temperature programming. The separations achieved with an “activity mixture”, phenols and phenolic acids, illustrate the resolution obtained. The columns are suitable for quantitative determinations and a comparison is made with a conventional packed column.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040104
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  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace analysis of fungicides in grape juice and wine using glass capillary gas chromatography (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; XAD-2 resin ; Fungicide residues, determination in wine and grape juice ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fungicides Bupirimate, Fenarimol, and Vinclozolin were sprayed on Vines. The fruits were harvested 8 and 21 days after the final application and processed to juice and wine. The fungicide residues were determined by filtration of the samples throug XAD-2 after pH adjustment, elution with methylene chloride, and glass capillary gas chromatography with SE-30 as stationary phase. Residue values of the three compounds were reported before and after fermentation. The precision of the analytical method was established by spiking portuguese white wine and spanish grape juice with the three fungicides and Triadimefon. The recoveries were in the range 80%-100%, except for Vinclozolin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040402
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  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple and safe sealing technique for static coating (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 183-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; End-sealing technique for static coating ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040410
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  • 67
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    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative evaluation of aromatic herbs by direct head space (GC)2 analysis. Methodology and some preliminary applications (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 215-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Direct method for flavor evaluation ; Aromatic herbs analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple, quick method is described for GC head space evaluation of herbs and drugs. The proposed procedure consists of milling a weighed sample of a certain herb in a glass device like a Braun MXK coffee grinder, modified in such a way that a special gas-tight valve allows the direct sampling of the vapors. Glass capillary columns are used to analyze the head space volatiles. Some preliminary applications of the method are given.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040504
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  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quick and clean technique for sealing capillary columns using the static coating method (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 232-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Static coating ; Sealing method ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040508
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  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The activity of silaceous capillary columns for gas-liquid chromatography (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 38-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary column ; Activity ; Hydroxylated surfaces ; Dehydroxylated surfaces ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040111
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  • 70
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    Electronic Resource
    Separation of pesticides by capillary gas chromatography. Part 2: Organophosphorus insecticides (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 346-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; WCOT-glass capillary ; Organophosphorus insecticides ; Pesticides ; Metabolites ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article considers the separation of 23 organophosphorus insecticides to which two metabolites have been added. The high resolution of the column permits detection of the Z and E isomers of three of these insecticides.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040708
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  • 71
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    Simultaneous detection of total and halogenated hydrocarbons in complex environmental samples (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Simultaneous detection ; Splitting capillary effluent ; Detection limit of 1 ppm Archlor 1254 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A state-of-the-art gas chromatographic system for automatic simultaneous detection of halogenated and normal hydrocarbons has been developed, which consists of a standard Hewlett-Packard 5880 with a fused silica capillary column, whose effluent is split between the standard flame ionization detector and a Tracor Hall electroconductivity detector. The system provedes excellent capillary chromatography results and high sensitivity for halogenated compounds (a detection limit of 1 ppm Archlor 1254 in fuel oil). Reliability has been provides in the daily analysis of complex environmental samples.Emergency response cleanup and the containment of hazardous chemical spills and chemical dump sites forces one to deal with samples that are very complex. The contain large numbers of naturally occurring organic compounds and varying types of organic pollutants. Capillary chromatographic techniques of gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analyses are necessary to achieve the resolution required for the analysis of these samples.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040805
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  • 72
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    Electronic Resource
    Role of injection time and septum holder in split injection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 523-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Split injection ; Injection time influence ; PAH ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041009
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  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An easy and reliable method for end-sealing glass capillary columns (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 533-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; End-sealing method for static coating ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041014
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    Rapid boiling point assay of tar from coal gasification by gas chromatography (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 580-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Coal gasification tar ; Boiling point distribution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041108
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    Simple GC/FID trace determination of toluene in silicone fluids (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 647-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Direct injection of silicone fluids method of choice for determining trace organic contaminants ; ≥ 1 ppm toluene determined ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041209
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  • 76
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    Some comments on the barium carbonate (Grob) procedure for treating glass capillary columns for gas-liquid chromatography (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 79-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Barium carbonate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040207
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    Application of multidimensional switching to the analysis of volatiles (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 86-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed columns ; Multidimensional switching, MDSS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A multidimensional switching system with two packed columns has been used for the analysis of volatiles. Use of a high-boiling solvent and the backflush mode permitted total resolution of the mixture discussed in a short analysis time.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040210
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  • 78
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    A study of the effects of temperature and pressure on the retention time in series-coupled columns under conditions of constant mass flow rate (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 102-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Series-coupled columns with different stationary phases ; Independent temperature control of columns ; Constant mass flow rate ; Retention time expressions ; Theory ; Selectivity control ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The technique of controlling chromatographic selectivity by the adjustment of column temperatures in systems of series-coupled columns is investigated by means of a general model incorporating the effects of temperature and mobile phase compressibility. In a previous article the performance of series-coupled columns was investigated under conditions of constant overall pressure drop. The present paper, on the other hand, considers systems in which a constant mass flow rate is maintained at all temperatures. The expressions derived for the effective partition coefficient and the retention time are compared with those of the previous paper. The numerical results for two-column systems exhibit the same major trends as those for constant pressure drop. It is shown that the effective partition coefficient is slightly dependent on the mass flow rate.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040303
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Glass capillary gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization (FID) and Hall® element-specific (HECD) detection (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 164-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Simultaneous detection with effluent splitter ; Element-specific detection ; Petroleum residues ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two glass capillary gas chromatographic systems were equipped with inert effluent splitters which allowed simultaneous data acquisition using nonspecific and element-specific detectors. Simultaneous detection was achieved using the nonspecific flame ionization detector (FID) and the Hall® electrolytic conductivity detector (HECD) operated in either the sulfur-or the nitrogen-specific mode. Typical application of the simultaneous detection system as applied to analysis of petroleum residues is briefly described. The Hall electrolytic conductivity detector can be made element specific for halogen-, sulfur-, or nitrogen-containing compounds. Simultaneous detection enhances the information yield from a single sample injection and proves to be a powerful complementary technique when used with computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040404
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass capillary T-connections for high resolution GC (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 186-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Effluent splitter, preparation of ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040412
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Gas-liquid chromatography of amino acids: Columns and methodology as a basis for routine amino acid analysis using glass capillary gas chromatography (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 218-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Column preparation ; “Split” vs. “on-column” injection ; Amino acid analysis, quantitative 10 ng level ; Average relative standard deviation 1% ; Fish muscle protein analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A carefully Standardized technique is described for the preparation of glass capillary columns which can be used successfully for routine quantitative amino acid analysis. Comparison is made between two different modes of sample injection. Preliminary quantitative results from “split” injection and “on-column” injection techniques are evaluated statistically and it is concluded that the “on-column” system is a prerequisite for quantitative amino acid analysis by glass capillary gas chromatography. An analysis of fish muscle protein hydrolyzate illustrates an application of this technique and results are compared with those from a packed column analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040505
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass capillary column chromatography of mixed derivatives of primary prostaglandins, 6-keto prostaglandin F1α and thromboxane B2 (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 437-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Gas chromatographic profiles ; n-Butylboronates ; Alkyl-oximes ; Primary prostaglandins ; 6-Keto prostaglandin F1α ; Thromboxane B2 ; Isomers of prostaglandin F1α ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This work describes the use of glass capillary columns (GCC) in the rapid concurrent analysis of primary prostaglandins (PGs) (e. g. PGE2, PGE2, PGF2α) and other functionally significant metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) such as TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1α. The use of a new multistep mixed derivatization approach that generates the methyl esters of n-butylboronate, pentafluorobenzyloxime, trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of these compounds remarkably simplifies the GC profiling of the three main pathways of AA metabolism (PGs, thromboxane, and prostacyclin). Furthermore, isomeric species giving very similar or identical mass spectral patterns can be easily identified by their relative retention times on high efficiency capillary columns.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040903
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fused silica capillary GC/MS coupling: A new, innovative approach (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 495-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; Mass spectrometry ; Interface, direct coupling ; On-column injection ; Aflatoxin B1 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel fused silica capillary GC/MS direct coupling is described which ensures quantitative transfer of sample from the point of injection to the ion source of a mass spectrometer without contacting any surfaces other than the column wall. This device permits GC analysis of highly labile substances. Aflatoxin B1, previously considered unassayable by GC, can now be determined by GC/MS.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041004
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid on-line analysis of low molecular weight hydrocarbons using glass capillary gas chromatography (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Rapid analysis ; On-line analysis ; Low molecular weight hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rapid analysis is important for on-line chromatography. Gaseous or vaporized samples have been injected via heated gas sampling valves of less than 500 μl dead volume. The critical sampling and split problems could be solved by temperature programming. The general analysis described could be successfully used inter alia in scouting reactions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040705
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transducer for monitoring solvent plugs in capillary column preparation (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 409-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Micro-HPLC ; Capillary columns, preparation ; Optical monitor ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040809
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    GC resolution of various D, L-amino acid derivatives on a chirasil-pval capillary column (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 549-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Optically active stationary phase ; Amino acids, enantiomeric derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An enantiomeric mixture of amino acids is derivatized to give the respective N(O)-perfluoroacyl alkyl esters which can be resolved directly by gas chromatography on a Chirasil-Val capillary column. The retention times, resolution numbers, and elution order are reported.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041102
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxide-initiated in situ curing of some silicone gums for capillary columns (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 578-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Crosslinked silicones ; Peroxide-initiated vulcanization ; Trifluoropylsilicone ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041107
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Cuprous chloride-modified columns for gas-liquid chromatography of olefins [1] (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 583-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; 10% CuCl in stationary phase greatly improves resolution of high-boiling olefins (up to 190°C) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041110
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-column injection with open tubular columns (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 641-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; On-column injection ; Discrimination ; Criteria given for precise sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041207
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Obtaining quantitative data for PNAs with capillary column gas chromatography using split and splitless injectionWork supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 638-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Split injection ; Splitless injection ; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, quantitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041206
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic resolution of carbohydrate enantiomers. A new chiral phase for pentoses (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 553-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Carbohydrate enantiomer separation ; New chiral stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New chiral polymers have been prepared by conversion of cyano groups of polysiloxanes XE-60 and OV-225 into carboxylic groups and subsequent coupling to give the respective S-valine-R-α-phenyl-ethyl amide. In contrast to the corresponding stationary phases with S-α-phenylethyl amide groups, which have been used for the resoultion of trifluoroacetylated hexose derivatives, the new phase show high enantioselectivity for pentose and 6-deoxyhexose derivatives.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041103
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Focused cryogenic trapping for dynamic headspace and pyrolytic analysis of polymers on a fused silica capillary column (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 603-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer/data system ; Dynamic headspace analysis ; Focused cryogenic trapping ; Pyrolysis ; Polymers ; Adhesives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Focused cryogenic trapping has been used to maximize the high resolution capabilities of fused silica capillary columns during dynamic headspace and pyrolytic polymer analyses. Mass spectrometric detection with data system recording/processing provide sensitive, selective, and rapid results. The techniques described herein demonstrate the power of both dynamic headspace and pyrolytic analyses for troubleshooting applications with complex industrial polymer products.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041202
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct determination of pollutants in air by gas chromatograph helium ionization detection (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 188-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Helium ionization detector (HID) ; Vinyl chloride ; Sulfur gases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040413
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass wool in the inserts of split injectors for capillary GC? (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Split injection, vaporizing ; Glass wool as evaporation aid in split injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has been reported that glass wool packed tightly into the glass liner of a vaporizing injector used in the splitting mode considerably reduces the standard deviation of the results obtained, because of improved evaporation of the sample prior to reaching the split point at the capillary column entrance. This finding could not be reproduced on using the same sample composition as reported in the literature, i.e. methanol/2-ethyl-1-hexanol (1:1).The standard deviations obtained were between 3 and 10% (depending on the conditions selected) and were not influenced significantly by the introduction of glass wool.The peak area ratio (methanol/2-ethyl-1-hexanol) was found to depend on a number of parameters, such as: injector temperature; glass liner internal diameter; syringe handling technique; the relative position of the syringe needle exit and capillary column entrance; the sample volume injected; and the packing of the glass liner. Generally, the area ratio deviated further from the correct one (determined by cold on-column sampling) when the glass liner was packed with glass wool.On the basis of the results, it is speculated that either a complete evaporation of the sample should be achieved (which appears to be impossible under the conditions we used) or, alternatively, the sample should be given the least possible opportunity to evaporate, thus allowing it to enter the column in the form of droplets. The results were worse in terms of precision and accuracy the greater the partition of sample components between the liquid (droplet) and vapor phase. It is concluded that the use of evaporation aids such as glass wool cannot be generally recommended.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040502
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    In situ cross-linking of the stationary phase in capillary columns. Part 1: Introduction and preparation of apolar columns (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 411-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Chemical bonding - cross-linking ; Apolar columns ; Preparation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040810
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Determination of volatile carboxylic acids in animal wastes by (GC)2 of their benzyl esters (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary ; Routine analysis of C1-C6 carboxylic acids ; Animal wastes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The C1 -C6 fatty acids present in various types of heterogeneous animal wastes were isolated by steam distillation and determined as benzyl esters by high resolution gas chromatography. Glass capillary columns, deactivated with barium carbonate and coated with UCON HB 5100, allowed the analysis of benzyl formate, acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate, valerate, and caproate in less than 20 minutes. Recovery tests, performed on more than 50 different samples, indicated a benzylation yield and an overall efficiency higher than 99%, with a standard deviation of 2.6% (C5) to 6.0% (C1). The absolute detection limit ranged from 0.3 picomole (caproic acid) to 1.0 picomole (formic acid).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040202
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass capillary columns for separation of free organic acids (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Deactivation by colloidal aqueous silica plus BTPPC plus Carbowax 1000 ; Use for adsorption-sensitive solutes fails with basic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glass capillary columns have been prepared without acidic additive in the stationary phase, from which free organic acids elute as sharp and symmetrical peaks. The required surface in the borosilicate glass capillary was generated by a combination of leaching with aqueous HCl and deposition of colloidal silica particles; it can be coated with stationary phases have a broad range of polarity. Aqueous samples containing free organic acids can also be analyzed in such columns in an isothermal mode.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040703
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the temperature dependence of mobile phase viscosity on the retention time in series-coupled gas chromatographic columns (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Series-coupled columns with different stationary phases ; Independent temperature control of columns ; Constant mass flow and constant pressure drop ; Temperature dependence of viscosity coefficient ; Retention time expressions ; Theory ; Selectivity control ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previously established model of a system of series-coupled columns, incorporating the effects of temperature and mobile phase compressibility, is generalized to take the temperature dependence of the mobile phase viscosity coefficient into account. Expressions are reported for the linear flow velocity, the effective partition coefficient, and the retention time for both the case of constant mass flow rate and that of constant overall pressure drop. Numerical results indicate that the temperature dependence of the viscosity coefficient affects the retention time and pressure drop while the effective mass distribution coefficient remains essentially unchanged.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040702
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography in glass and fused silica capillary columns: Deactivation of the inner surface using silicon films (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 344-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass/fused silica ; Gas phase deactivation reaction ; Readily adjustable thickness of silicon layers for deactivation ; Wettability for any known stationary phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040707
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A general framework for the measurement of band broadening properties of GC capillary columns (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Theory of band broadening ; Regression methods in column evaluation abt concept ; Possible aid in assessing coating efficiency ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the approach to the developement of a practical procedure for the evaluation of band broadening properties of gas capillary columns, the expression for the variance of a solute band is cast in a dimensionless form. This expression supplies the basis for a valid bench mark for column evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040804
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