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  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974  (2.011)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1920-1924
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1393-1398 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1419-1423 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1449-1458 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The enzymatic synthesis of nucleoside-5′-monophosphates from purineriboside, 6-mercapto-purine riboside, 6-methylmercapto-purine riboside, 6-chloro-purine riboside, tubercidin, 8-aza-adenosine, and 3′-deoxy-adenosine is described in gram scale. The synthesis is catalyzed by a phosphotransferase from carrots and uses phenylphosphate as phosphate donor. The reaction products are purified on QAE-Sephadex A25 columns. The large scale preparation of the enzyme is also reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1495-1506 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The soluble components in disintegrated cells of Saccharomyces cereivisiae have been characterized by means of extraction, centrifugation, dialysis, and gel filtration. The influence of alkali and heat treatment on the protein and RNA in the soluble fraction from disintegrated yeast cells and on functional properties of protein concentrates have been studied.After water extraction and centrifugation at 100000 g 42% of the nitrogen containing components of the disintegrated cells were recovered in the supernatant. By extraction at pH 11.5 an additional 31% of the nitrogen was solubilized. Half of the water-soluble nitrogen-containing components has a molecular weight lower than 5000. In the water- and alkali-soluble fractions about 80% of each amino acid was recoveredThe water-soluble protein was separated into 3 fractions by gel filtration on Sephadex G 200. The major portion of the protein had a molecular weight about 100,000. The amount of protein in this fraction was decreased after treatment at increasing pH and temperature. No degradation of protein to low molecular peptides occurred. The amount of RNA in the soluble fraction was only slightly influenced by alkali treatment and by heat treatment at pH 7.5 in the presence of 5% NaCl. RNA was not degraded to low molecular components of the treatments.The solubility of protein concentrates decreased after treatment at alkaline pH and after heat precipitation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1529-1536 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A simple system for the control of oxygen transfer in laboratory fermentation units has been devised. This system employs pure oxygen to elevate the driving force for oxygen transfer. In addition, the aeration is controlled in a closed loop manner in order to minimize total exit flow of the gas from the fermentor. Fermentation study using Bacillus stearothermophilus grown on n-dodecane at 55°C illustrates excellent carbon recovery as well as the ease of controlling oxygen transfer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1565-1565 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 107
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Several microorganisms having higher L-histidine ammonia-lyase activity were immobilized into polyacrylamide gel lattice. The yield of enzyme activity by immobilization was highest in Achromobacter liquidum IAM 1667. As A. liquidum has urocanase activity, the cells were heat-treated at 70°C for 30 min to inactivate the urocanase.Enzymatic properties of the immobilized A. liquidum cells were investigated and compared with those of the intact cells. No difference was observed between the pH activity curve and optimal temperature for the intact and immobilized cells. The permeability of substrate or product through the cell wall was increased by immobilization of the cells.When an aqueous solution of 0.25M L-histidine (pH 9.0) containing 1mM Mg2+ was passed through a column packed with the immobilized A. liquidum cells at a flow rate of SV = 0.06 at 37°C, L-histidine was completely converted to urocanic acid. The L-histidine ammonia-lyase activity of the immobilized cell column was stable over 40 days at 37°C. From the effluent of the immobilized cell column, Urocanic acid was easily obtained in a good yield.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 77-97 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A theoretical treatment has been worked out for the kinetics of solid-supported enzyme systems, with diffusive and electrostatic effects taken into account. A utilization factor, defined as the ratio of the actual reaction rate to the rate of substrate consumption in the outer solution, is defined, and equations to evaluate the utilization factor are given for five kinetic conditions: (a) Michaelis-Menten behavior, (b) substrate inhibition, (c) product inhibition (competitive), (d) product inhibition (noncompetitive), and (e) product inhibition (anticompetitive). When the solid-supported enzymes obey a Michaelis-Menten relationship, an equation for the apparent Michaelis constant is given and a criterion for insignificant diffusion effects is shown. A substrate-inhibited enzyme reaction may display multiple steady-state behavior, and a criterion for uniqueness is presented. In the case of product-inhibited enzyme reactions, the utilization factor is always less than that which corresponds to a Michaelis-Menten relationship. Equations to evaluate the apparent Michaelis and inhibition constants are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 109
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The modeling of biological wastewater treatment processes has received much attention over the past ten years. Efforts are underway to develop a unified model for these processes which will greatly aid in the design and operation of wastewater treatment facilities. This paper presents a philosophical discussion of model building strategies augmented by a discussion of statistical problems associated with model parameter estimation and model discrimination. This discussion further illustrates with actual data, that goodness of fit is not a sufficient condition for model acceptance. Numerous rival models are examined to illustrate this point. In order to verify a model or to discriminate between rival models, they must be “Put in jeopardy.” If this attitude is not employed in model building efforts, important discrepancies in the proposed model may go undetected.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1197-1212 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Efforts were made to eliminate the influence of other factors as far as possible in order to obtain reliable results on the effects of oxygen on the growth of baker's yeast. A cultivation method is presented which permits the study of the effects of aeration intensity under conditions where the influence of catabolite repression is eliminated. A completely synthetic medium with glucose as the only carbon and energy source is also described.The capacity of yeast to perform aerobic metabolism varies when cultivated under different intensities of aeration. A clear maximum is observed for growth with 10% oxygen in the aerating gas mixture. Under conditions where catabolite repression does not function yeast has the potential for oxidative metabolism even under oxygen-limited growth. The main agent controlling the ability of yeast to support growth using only the oxidative metabolism is the available oxygen.At high oxygen tensions the metabolism is disturbed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1659-1673 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Immobilized beef liver catalase has been used in a flow reactor to decompose hydrogen peroxide; at the same time the catalase is inactivated by its substrate. A model has been developed which predicts this rate of decomposition of peroxide and inactivation of catalase. First order dependence on peroxide concentration is assumed. The model was verified by experiment for a range of operating conditions and then used to predict the effects of a change in operating variables.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 295-313 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The enzyme β-galactosidase (lactose) obtained from several microbial sources was immobilized on zirconia-coated porous glass particles. The immobilized enzymes were characterized by determining pH profiles, kinetic constants, thermal profiles, and operationalhalf-lives in lactose and whey ultrafiltrate solutions. Studies were carried out on continuous reactor performance, and enzyme requirements for scale-up were estimated. Lactose or whey hydrolyzed by this technique could find use commercially as a sweetener in a number of dairy products.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 315-332 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The kinetic behavior of water insoluble enzyme columns was studied using the hydrolysis of GPNA (N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide) by α-chymotrypsin as a model. Thermal denaturation of soluble and insoluble enzyme was compared in a batch reactor and in a tubular reactor. Convection of metabolites, enzyme reaction, diffusion of metabolites across porous particles and the kinetic behavior of a water insoluble enzyme column were tested.The respective and mutual effects of the first two phenomena were comprehensively analyzed for both stationary state and transient conditions. When the ingoing substrate concentration was varying with time, convection-reaction equations were solved by digital computation. The possible effects of diffusion limitations and unstirred layers are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 455-474 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Changes in the catabolic pattern of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, growing in continuous culture, were effected by altering the glucose feed rate or the dissolved oxygen concentration. The cytochrome concentrations and the adenosine phosphate pool level of the yeast in a series of steady states and during three transitions were measured and compared with the glucose uptake rate (QG), the respiration rate (QO2), and the rate of ethanolic fermentation (QE).Respiration was decreased at high glucose feed rates only if oxygen was low but cytochromes were glucose repressible at both high and low oxygen concentrations. In the main, QE and the levels of ATP, ADP, and AMP were decreased and cytochrome concentration were elevated at low QG values. No consistent relationship between any of the adenosine phosphate parameters and QO2 was discernible.Evidence is presented for the concept that the QG directly controls the adenosine phosphate pool level and that a relationship between the concentration of adenosine phosphate anhydride bonds and the adenosine phosphate level is constantly maintained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 525-529 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 539-543 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 559-563 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 593-607 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An immunoadsorbent process has been devised for removing serum hepatitis antigen (HAA), from blood, blood plasma, and plasma products.The immunoadsorbent complexes specifically with HAA and the complex is removed from the plasma by filtration. The complex is dissociated with 0.23M NH4OH. The immunoadsorbant is regenerated for further processing, while the purified HAA by-product my be used to produce more antibody in animals.The rate of complexing is such that HAA is reduced one log cycle each 2hr. Since available tests can only detect HAA to about 109 particles per ml, it is proposed that HAA negative plasma and plasma products can be processed to reduce HAA to a probability of less than one HAA particle per plasma pool.A gibbon injected with infectious commercial Factor IX that was subjected to the immunoadsorbent process showed no sign of infection after 8 months. However 14 weeks after injection with unprocessed Factor IX, the gibbon showed signs of infection.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 659-673 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The time course of release of intact labile material from cells by cavitating ultrasound is examined. Curves are presented which show the yield of intact subcellular components obtainable from cells as a function of sonication time for various values of the ratio of inactivation rate to release rate. The general cases where inactivation of released product is concentration dependent (chemical) and concentration independent (mechanical) are considered.For a flow system the time of attainment of equilibrium concentration of active product is analyzed as a function of flow rate, release rate, inactivation rate, and volume of chamber. Curves of optimal yields to be expected for batch and flow systems are presented. It is shown that sonochemical inactivation can be made negligible by sonication of high cell concentration suspensions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 675-687 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Among the methods used for the rupture of cells by means of solid shear, the Hughes press is best known. It operates by forcing an aqueous suspension of cells previously frozen at -27°C under pressure through a narrow circumferential gap. The mode of action requires a knowledge of the isentropic compression of the solid phase and its possible involvement with a phase change from ice I to ice III. It is shown that the mechanical properties of the solid mixture are relevant. A model is proposed of the plastic flow for the geometry of the press and it is shown that cell breakage is proportional to the velocity of the plunger and inversely proportional to gap width.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 827-846 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The temperature-dependent endogenous metabolism model of single species continuous culture dynamics is utilized in the computer simulation of the Kalman filter state estimation technique. Parameters of the nonlinear equations can be “tracked” while variance in measured states can be damped. The state estimator is illustrated in, the context of conventional control strategies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 501-511 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Invertase was entrapped in cellulose triacetate fibers and the properties of the insoluble derivative were studied. Fiber-entrapped invertase was found very stable under operating conditions. For some insoluble preparations a half-life value of 5,300 days was calculated; a sample of invertase fibers, continuously hydrolyzing sucrose, maintained unchanged its activity for five years. The activity displayed by invertase fibers was 15-65% of that of the free enzyme, depending on the amount of entrapped enzyme and on the porosity of the fibers. At very high substrate concentrations the activity of the entrapped invertase approximated to that of the free enzyme. The pH optimum for activity was around 4.5 for the free and entrapped invertase. The native and entrapped enzyme was unstable at temperatures higher than 35°C.The continuous hydrolysis of sucrose using invertase fiber was studied and the potential industrial application of entrapped enzyme is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1055-1068 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Films of highly polymerized collagen, prepared in industrial conditions, were chosen for surface covalent binding of enzymes because of their insolubility, mechanical resistance, proteic nature, hydrophilic properties and for their abundance in chemically activable —COOH. Untanned films, previously acid- methylated, were activated by acyl azide formation. After removal of reagents by repeated washing, the coupling of enzyme was performed by immersion of the activated film in the enzyme solutions (2 to 3 hr, 0°C). The procedure is particularly mild since the enzymes never come into contact with chemical reagents, and thus avoid all denaturing processes. All the enzymes tested were successfully bound: glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, creatine kinase, hexokinase, trypsin, and urease. As tested with aspartate amino transferase, enzymatic activity remained constant for months (100% after 5 months) in spite of repeated use of the film at 30°C, washing and storage in buffer at 4°C between assays.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1161-1177 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Highly charged water-soluble conjugates of amyloglucosidase with a copolymer of ethylene-maleic acid or styrene-maleic acid were prepared and adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and other cationic resins. Negatively charged enzyme conjugates were also obtained by means of succinylation. The polyanionic conjugates of amyloglucosidase adsorbed on the cationic carriers show higher temperature stability than the native enzyme adsorbed on the same carriers under the same experimental conditions. The insoluble enzyme conjugate-carrier complexes could be reused and retained their full activity while working continuously for three weeks. The application of the insoluble enzyme preparations with the above characteristics which could possibly satisfy the requirements for industry are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1645-1657 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Automated sampling device was designed to permit determination of rates of biological transport of metabolites into cells. The substrate was automatically introduced into a stirred cell suspension at 37°C. The first sample was automatically taken after a mixing interval of 1 sec and nine subsequent samples were taken at programmable intervals (1 to 100 sec). The samples were forced by pressure differential (vacuum) through 0.4 μ pore size membranes and approximately 50 μl were collected in disposable cups. The duration of the sampling interval was controllable down to 0.1 sec. The samples preserved records of the substrate concentrations in solution at the time of filtration. With the use of suitable radioactive labeled isotopes, the changes in substrate concentrations may be conveniently measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry, but other analytical procedures of suitable sensitivity may be used. Initial and steady-state transport rates of succinate and glucose in Escherichia coli were obtained using the device.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 209-230 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Formose syrup was studied as a carbon source for growth of a series of microorganisms obtained from various collections. Approximately 80 strains of bacteria, yeasts, and molds were inoculated into a medium containing formose syrup and mineral salts supplemented with small amounts of yeast extract and casein hydrolysate to supply accessory growth factors. Two preparations of formose syrup, produced by two different laboratories, were employed. Formose syrup I, characterized by a low sugar content, was poorly utilized; syrup II, containing a higher sugar concentration, was utilized to a greater extent. Two strains of Aerobacter acrogenes yielded 1.3 g dry cell mass from an initial charge of 10 g of formose II solids, whereas growth on 10 g of D-glucose amounted to 3.7 g.Klebsiella aerogenes MIT-B44, the best microbial strain isolated from soil by an enrichment technique, produced 1.3 g cells from 10 g fromose syrup II solids in supplemented medium; in direct comparisons, it produced 10-15% more cell 0.7-0.9 g cells per 10 g formose and grew with a doubling time of 55-70 min. Under such conditions, its macromolecular composition was 52% protein, 22% RNA, and 2% DNA. Although the apparent yield of cells from formose was only 8-11%, the actual yield based on formose utilized was 30%, the same as observed with glucose.A second strain was isolated from soil by enrichment with spent broth from K. aerogenes. This unidentified gram-negative, short rod-shaped bacterium grew in mixed culture with strain MIT-B44; in unsupplemented media they produced 1.55 g cells from 10 g formose II solids and 2.9 g cells from 10 g glucose.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 261-274 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Disintegration of microorganisms in a continuously working industrial homogenizer has been studied. The homogenizer consists of rotating discs in a cylinder filled with glass beads. Different parameters for disintegration of baker's yeast were investigated. The disintegration process is a first-order reaction and it is influenced by the flow rate of the suspension and by the agitator speed. At a flow rate of 200 liters/hr about 85% of the yeast cells can be disrupted in a single pass through the disintegrator. This type of disintegrator can be used for disruption of cells in order to produce single-cell protein, active enzymes and other valuable cell components.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 293-293 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 419-422 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 132
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Partially purified lactoses (β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) from Aspergillus niger, Ladobacillus helveticus, and Saccharomyces lactis were immobilized on diazotized porous glass particles (mean pore diameter, 86.5 nm: particle size diameters, 75-125 μm). In acid whey containing 4-4.5% lactose, A. niger lactase gave the highest activity (89 μmoles lactose hydrolyzed/g glass, min) at 55°C and pH 4.5. Glass-immobilized A. niger laclases (lactase-BG) retained much hydrolytic activity after storage and periodic use for 165 days at 55°C. For values of X greater than 30%, hydrolysis of 0.12M lactose in acid whey by a continuous flow column packed with 2 ml of lactase-BG particles could be correlated by X = 17.2(V/F) + 12.5 where X = lactose hydrolysis, percent of lactose originally present; V = volume of packed bed of lactase-BG, ml; F = flow rate of acid whey, ml/min.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 423-427 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 41-59 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The growth of a mixed methane-utilizing culture in a continuous flow fermenter has been studied under both methane and oxygen limitation. Small additions of methanol have been shown to inhibit the methane-utilizing moiety in the culture and it has been shown that the Hyphomicrobium sp. in the mixed culture removes any inhibitory methanol. The interaction between the methane-utilizing Pseudomonas sp., and the Hyphomicrobium sp. has been explained and a model of the continuous mixed culture under oxygen limitation has been formulated. Qualitative predictions of transient phenomena by the model have been verified experimentally.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 135-147 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An α-galactosidase which will hydrolyze the oligosaccharides melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose has been immobilized on nylon microfibrils suitable for use in large flow-through reactors. This catalyst system is stable for many months, both under use and storage conditions. The immobilized enzyme behaves similarly to the enzyme in solution, characteristically exhibiting both product and substrate inhibition. The catalyst is prepared in situ and a large, 8-liter reactor has been made. The catalyst has been used to reduce the raffinose concentration in beet sugar molasses.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 231-250 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Evolutionary operation (EVOP) was used to experimentally investigate the optimum steady state operating conditions for a step aeration activated sludge waste treatment process. A laboratory scale two tank step aeration activated sludge unit with fixed total volume, total influent flow rate, recycle flow rate, and sludge wasting rate was employed. The volume ratio and flow rate ratio which minimized effluent chemical oxygen demand were determined. The results indicate that EVOP is a useful technique for improving the performance of biological processes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 251-260 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effects of wall growth are described for a mixed methane-utilizing bacterial population growing in both batch and continuous culture. These effects are similar to those predicted previously by a theoretical analysis (Topiwala and Hamer, 1971).
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 285-287 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 275-277 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 289-291 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 333-343 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: One of the main reasons for immobilizing an enzyme is to enable its reuse, or continuous use, in a reactor. Consequently immobilized enzyme stability is an important factor in enzyme reactor design. The performance of the reactor will decrease if during operation the support material disintegrates into smaller particles that pass out of the reactor system.When β-galactosidase is immobilized by covalent attachment to AE-cellulose, the smaller particles have a higher activity. After subjection of the immobilized enxyme to a shear stress the average particle size decreases and the total enzymic activity increases. A loss of small particles from the reactor, although constituting a small weight percent loss of support, will result in a disproportionately large loss in activity. The relevance of these observations to reactor performance is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 345-360 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A tubular membrane reactor offers many advantages over a solid wall reactor to carry out an enzyme catalyzed reaction. With proper membrane selectivity, the product, may be separated from the reacting stream and the enzyme recycled for continuous reuse. In most cases, enzyme reuse contributes to the economic feasibility of a continuous enzyme catalyzed process. Furthermore, the efficiency and performance of a membrane reactor is greater than that of a solid wall reactor.Continuous hydrolysis of starch by the enzyme β-amylase, carried out in a commercially available tubular membrane unit, is studied at different starch and enzyme concentrations for a given system pressure and inlet flow rate. Results show that the performance of the membrane reactor is in all cases greater than that of the solid wall reactor. A steady state in performance of permeation rate is, however, not reached by the membrane reactor, which shows a continuous decline within the periods examined in this study. This decline is caused in part by the aging of the starch solution, but mostly by the formation of a concentrated, or gel, layer at the membrane surface. This appears to be the main limiting factor for this process since the decline in reaction and permeation rate results in a severe decrease in the amount of maltose in the permeate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 371-383 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The disintegration of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by a high pressure homogenizer, to a pressure of 25,000 psi. (172.37 MNm-2) is described, together with details of the methods of measurement used to obtain information on the valve movement and pressure transients. The theory of the mechanism of cell disintegration is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 361-369 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Hen's egg white lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) has been covalently attached to a polystyrene matrix via interaction of protein nucleophiles with an aromatic imidazolide function under anhydrous conditions. The polymer-enzyme complex is prepared in a way which allows nonaqueous solubilization of the complex. The activity of the bound enzyme compares favorably with the activity of the native protein. The pH optima for the matrix-supported protein are shifted toward the basic side. The effect of substrate concentration on rate has been determined. (A preliminary report of this work has been published: G. J. Bartling, H. D. Brown, S. K. Chattopadhyay, Nature 243, 342-344 (1973).)
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 413-417 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 385-396 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4) was immobilized in low yield on aminoalkylsilylated magnetite (Fe3O4). Better results were obtained when trypsin was immobilized by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde on magnetite. The preparation contained 36 mg protein/g magnetite and the enzyme retained 46% and 11% of esterase and proteolytic activity. Immobilized trypsin was more heat stable than trypsin. Invertase (β-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.26) was cross-linked on magnetite with glutaraldehyde in low yield due to the inactivation of the enzyme. However in the presence of 1% sucrose, the total activity recovered was 79% of the initial activity and the preparation contained 4.4 mg/g of active invertase. Immobilized invertase was less active than invertase when acting on oligosaccharides of the raffinose family. The immobilized enzymes could be easily recovered, from solutions or suspensions, magnetically.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 431-454 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A general model of the kinetics of microbial growth has been developed involving the kinetics of incorporation of substrate into biomass and the maintenance energy requirements.Results obtained from batch cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing in synthetic media at pH 5.1 and 30°C permitted all biological parameters in the model to be calculated.Values obtained for these parameters were: maximum specific glucose uptake rate (μSm), 2.08 g/g biomass/hr; apparent Michaelis constant for glucose (KS), 0.1 g/liter (5.5 × 10-4M) apparent Michaelis constant for oxygen (KL), 1.4% O2 (3.2 × 10-6 M) quantitative index of the Pasteur effect (b), 4.9 × 10-4%-1 O2 (207 M -1). Under conditions of strongly substrate-repressed respiration the values obtained for YATP and P/O were constant over the course of the exponential phase of growth (YATP = 10.4 g biomass/mole ATP; P/O = 3 moles ATP/atom 0). Mass balances for aerobic and anaerobic cultures confirmed the results obtained form the generalized model. Results presented suggested the operation of a mechanism for regulating energy-yielding metabolism which involved an equilibrium between the systems of oxidative phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and was dependent upon the level of catbolite repression.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1025-1044 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Studies were carried out on the production of Sindbis, influenza and vesicular stomatitis viruses in suspensions of chicken embryo and rat embryo cells. The yield of Sindbis virus in chicken embryo cell suspensions was independent of the multiplicity of infection over the range 0.0001 to 0.01 although reduction in multiplicity caused a delay in virus production. With influenza virus the use of higher multiplicities gave increased virus yields possibly due to the very slow production at low multiplicities. In both monolayer and suspension cultures of chicken embryo cells addition of serum or use of media richer than minimum essential medium (Eagle) had little effect on Sindbis virus production, but if the glucose were omitted the virus yield was markedly reduced. In cell suspensions, a marked reduction in virus yield occurred if infection were delayed more than 24 hr after cell preparation whereas in monolayers the delay of infection allowed cell propagation and hence a higher yield of virus. It was also shown that vesicular stomatitis virus can be produced in chicken embryo cell suspensions, and that rat embryo primary cell suspensions can be used to prepare both Sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses. Sindbis virus obtained from chicken embryo cell suspensions was purified by polyethylene glycol precipitation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation and shown to contain only those proteins previously identified as viral, without any contamination from chicken cell proteins. The relative ease and economics of virus production by cell suspension and monolayer methods is compared.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1081-1093 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Numerical solutions to the equations describing simultaneous mass transfer and enzymic reaction within porous spherical particles have been used to examine the effect of enzyme content and other parameters on the kinetic behavior of immobilized enzymes. These solutions have also been compared with experimental data for enzymes immobilized to DEAE-cellulose particles. The influence of particle size and enzyme content on catalyst design is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1123-1133 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Degradation of UNA by endogenous RNase in cell suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to be achieved by mechanical disintegration followed by incubation in the presence of NaCl. The incubation parameters pH, temperature, time, and concentration of NaCl were investigated. Protein concentrates with a low content of RNA were obtained by precipitation of the incubated suspensions and separation of the degradation products.On a pilot plant scale the incubation was performed at 50°C and pH 5.6 in the presence of 3% NaCl for 20 min. Kilogram quantities of protein concentrates containing 1.4% RNA and 8.2% nitrogen were obtained. The RNA reduction and the nitrogen yield was 85 and 60%, respectively. The yield of amino acids was about 75%. The process described can probably be applied for large-scale production.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1261-1272 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A tubular loop batch fermentor has been designed and constructed, and was found to behave in a similar manner to a conventional stirred tank reactor. It appeared that foaming could be greatly reduced as no air ever encountered the impeller. The fluid mechanics of pipe flow are considerably simpler than tank flow patterns. On this basis a design procedure for a large scale tubular fermentor was outlined, which had considerable advantages over the more complex scale-up problems of a tank fermentor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1283-1297 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: System response data for step changes in input tracer concentration have been obtained for two different impeller agitated continuous flow mixing systems containing aqueous polysaccharide solutions. The vessel volumes were 1.6 and 10.9 liters. Polysaccharide concentration, dilution rate, and impeller speed were varied according to a plan devised using dimensional analysis and assuming that bulk motion is the predominant mass transport mechanism in the system. The data show that this is not true and that serious errors may occur if scale-up calculations are based on assuming that bulk motion predominates. Under the operating conditions used, perfect mixing was not observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 997-1003 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1015-1023 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The CO2 mass balance for a suspension of algae cultivated in the region of neutral pH of the suspension on an open cultivation surface with a flowing suspension was assessed. From this balance an analytical expression for the course of free CO2 dissolved in the suspension along the flow of the suspension is obtained. Relations for the rate of CO2 decrease in the suspension and the utilization of CO2 supplied to the cultivation surface are derived.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1675-1680 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1681-1687 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 567-577 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: β-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2), obtained from barley, was chemically attached to a crosslinked copolymer of acrylamide-acrylic acid using a water-soluble carbodiimide. The derivative showed 23% β-amylase activity in relation to that of free enzyme with a coupling yield of 40% based on the amount of added β-amylase. In order to find optimal coupling conditions, the effect of pH and different carbodiimide concentrations was investigated. The enzymic activity associated with different β-amylase concentrations was further outlined. A slightly increased operational stability for the enzyme upon immobilization was observed. Markedly improved operational stability has been obtained by coupling in the presence of reduced glutathione of bovine serum albumin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 623-634 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Maltase, phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities were determined in the supernatant of brewer's yeast cells from samples taken at various intervals during a 90 min treatment in a Dyno-Mill disintegrator.In an attempt to find optimum operating conditions, the following parameters were varied: speed of rotation of the agitator, flow rate, yeast concentration in the slurry and bead diameter, and the specific rate of extraction was determined for each such variation. Analysis of the data showed that, superimposed upon extraction, there was a progressive but slow loss of total activities. Enzyme release could be expressed as an approximately first-order chemical reaction. The results compared well with those of Follows et al. (Biotechnol. Bioeng.), 13, 549 (1971) and showed that the Dyno-Mill can be operated under proper conditions without significant loss of enzyme activity and with high yields.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 697-699 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 703-722 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The complete mixing activated sludge (CMAS) system is gaining in popularity for treating both domestic and industrial wastewaters. Experience over the past 20 years has produced a simple mathematical model which can be used in both the design and the operational evaluation of CMAS systems. Laboratory pilot plants and full scale field units have furnished the basic data needed to confirm the validity of the mathematical model. The basic concepts of the model are discussed in light of field evaluations. Areas of conflict and confusion which have arisen in the past will be presented and discussed. Design examples and operational evaluations are presented for several different wastewater systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 771-787 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Anaerobic fermentation of organic solid waste can provide a significant source of fuel gas (methane). Application of this process requires a better understanding of the kinetics of the biological system. The literature is replete with kinetic studies of this process as applied to waste solids from water pollution control systems. Much of this work has been conducted in the mesophilic temperature range. Increased temperatures yield higher reaction rates that will improve the economics of the process. The rate limiting step in the fermentation of refuse is the hydrolysis of the complex organic solids, in particular cellulose. Cellulose is a major component of the refuse. A laboratory study employing domestic refuse has shown the effect of temperature on the rate of methane fermentation. The optimum mesophilic temperature was found to be 42°C, while the optimum thermophilic temperature was at least 60°C. No data was obtained beyond the 60°C temperature. Reaction rate constants are presented for anaerobic fermentation of domestic refuse. Because of the characteristics of the substrate it-was not possible to obtain the necessary measurements for evaluation of constants in the Monod model. An overall system constant was developed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 847-851 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Bacterial RNA virus, Qβ, has been purified in gram amounts by differential centrifugation. Final separation of the virus from host E. coli rRNA was based on the density differential in the pellet. The method provided a simplified alternative to the more conventional rate zonal or isopycnic zonal centrifugation techniques.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 853-858 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 869-880 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Conventional sources of protein cannot meet the present or projected needs for human consumption. Single cell proteins from fermentation of petroleum and cellulosic wastes are likely sources of additional protein. The volume of cellulosic wastes is sufficient to supply all additional protein needs on a continuing basis for cellulose is a renewable resource. Both mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms utilize cellulose at reasonable rates. Biodegradation of lignin and lignin-cellulose complexes constitutes a major obstacle to commercial utilization of cellulosic wastes. Thermophilic actinomyces appear to be the most effective organisms for single cell protein production from cellulosic wastes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1227-1243 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An intracellular, thermostable, neutral α-galactosidase (α-D-galactoside galactohydrolase EC 3.2.1.32) was produced in pilot plant quantities from a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus. The organism was cultured at 50°C in a soluble neutral medium containing water extract of soybean meal (3%) and 0.5% yeast extract. The enzyme biosynthesis was inducible and sensitive to catabolite repression. After autolysis of the cells, the α-galactosidase was selectively and quantitatively complexed from clarified beer directly onto DEAE Sephadex; and enzyme-rich fractions were batchwise eluted with an increasing gradient of NaCl solutions. The eluates were given two consecutive isopropyl alcohol precipitations, and the aqueous solutions of the second precipitate were dialyzed and lyophilized. Final product activity recovery was 72% based on the crude fermentation beer. Best specific activity was 5.2 u/mg protein. Further laboratory purification (DEAE Sephadex and Bio-Gel P200) yielded a product with 14.2 u/mg protein.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1245-1259 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The death kinetics of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied in an industrial scale spray drier. In solution studies, the death kinetics of yeast was found to be comparable to pathogen destruction. From the studies in drying of yeast a prediction of a 4 log cycle decrease in viable cells of pathogens could be made for normal processing conditions. This should insure the safety of spray-dried foods unless after contamination occurs. It was found that during drying, although the rate of death is high, the activation energy is greatly decreased over that of death in aqueous solution (reduction from 130 kcal/mole to 5 kcal/mole). The reduction in Ea may be attributed to the thermodynamic compensation phenomenon in which the resulting negative entropy of reaction acts to protect the cells through a water-protein interaction. However, the possibility of a change in death mechanism cannot be precluded. Overall, these results suggest the danger in extrapolating death kinetics to high temperature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1321-1343 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The overall rate of reaction of gel-immobilized glucose oxidase particles in buffered media has been investigated theoretically under two substrate diffusion limited conditions by the numerical solution of the diffusion equations. It has been found that the Enzyme Rate Equation (Atkinson and Lester), Biotechnol. Bioeng., 16, 1299 (1974), together with an analytical solution which describes the asymptotic conditions associated with a large particle size, provides an adequate estimation of the values resulting from the numerical solution outside the region of the parameter space defined by 0.4 〈 Mg′, M0′ 〈 10.When the dimensionless parameter (B0′/Bg′)(Mg′2/M0′2) is greater than unity the overall rate of reaction is limited principally by the external concentration and when the parameter has a value less than unity, by the external oxygen concentration.The results are generally applicable to enzymes whose kinetics are similar to those of glucose oxidase or for which the equation describing glucose oxidase kinetics provides an adequate curve-fit of experimental data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1399-1406 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1459-1469 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An apparatus is described for the rapid measurement and recording of methanogenic activity in anaerobic fermentations, and its application is demonstrated in the evaluation of the anaerobic contact process, using pear waste. The method is based on recording the rate of manometer liquid displacement in a Warburgtype vessel by means of optical sensors, appropriate electronic circuitry, and an event marking recorder or time-interval printer. Optimum conditions for measuring methanogenic activity included a pH of 6.7-6.9, a final phosphate buffer concentration of 0.07-015M, and formic and acetic acid contents of over 500 and 200 mg/liter, respectively. In comparisons of fermenter liquid and settled effluent, methanogenic activity can be assumed to be proportional to the number of methane formers present. The apparatus should be generally useful in recording rates of gas production or consumption.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1549-1551 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1633-1644 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli ATTCC-26 was partially purified and characterized. It was found to be comparable to galactosidases from other E. coli strains in stability, pH and temperature maxima, and activity requirements, but it had a more favorable ratio of activity toward lactose versus synthetic substrates. The galactosidase was immobilized on porous glass beads by three covalent bonding methods. Kinetic data for the free and bound enzymes were determined using natural and synthetic substrates. Activity characteristics of the free and immobilized enzymes were comparable, however, the bound forms were less stable to heat.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Es wird die Synthese von drei Analoga des Bradykinins beschrieben, in denen das Phenylalanin in Position 5 oder 8, sowie in beiden Positionen durch L-erythro-α-Amino-β-phenylbuttersäure ersetzt ist.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 178
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An Thiacyclopentan, -hexan, -pentanon, -hexanonen und deren Sulfonen wurden EHT- und CNDO/2-Rechnungen zu Grundzustandseigenschaften durchgeführt. Neben dem Leistungsvergleich der beiden Verfahren wurde untersucht, welche Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung von 3d-AO's an Atomen der 3. Periode des Periodensystems im EHT-Formalismus zukommt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß durch beide MO-Verfahren die stabilsten Konformationen vorausgesagt werden. Die EHT-Rechnungen mit und ohne 3d-AO's ergaben zwischen Wannen- und Briefumschlagform keine signifikanten Energieunterschiede. Nach einer Energieaufteilungsanalyse hängt die Konformationsenergiedifferenz von den Zweizentrenbeiträgen ab, die aber in nicht überschaubarer Weise teils von den bindenden, teils von den nichtbindenden Anteilen bestimmt werden. Halbstufenpotentiale und Dipolmomente werden nur durch die CNDO/2-Rechnungen richtig wiedergegeben. Die Berücksichtigung der 3d-AO's im EHT-Verfahren führte zu keinen prinzipiellen Änderungen der Rechenergebnisse.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 185-191 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The proton magnetic resonance spectra have been measured between 4°K and their melting points for solid ortho, meta and para xylenes. It is found that lattices of these xylenes become rigid at about 4.2°K. The internal rotation of CH3 groups is observed at all temperatures above 95°K causing spectral narrowing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die Butanolide 1a-f mit Alkyl- bzw. Arylgruppen in γ-Stellung reagieren mit Āthyl-aluminiumdichlorid zu den gesättigten Säuren 3a-f. Mit Hilfe von unterschiedlich deuteriertem C2H5AlBr2 wird der Mechanismus aufgeklärt, Danach wird bei der Reaktion ein β-ständiges H-Atom des Äthyl-aluminiumdihalogenids über einen Sechsring auf das γ-C-Atom des Butanolids übertragen. Mit Methyl-aluminiumdichlorid reagieren 1a-f unter Alkylierung zu Säuren mit quartärem γ-C-Atom 7a-f. Als Nebenreaktion läuft bei 1 d eine FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Reaktion, bei 1b, c Isomerisierung ab. Die α,β-ungesättigten Butanolide 2a, b ergeben mit Āthyl- oder Methylaluminiumdichlorid die Säuren 9a, b mit 2 konjugierten Doppelbindungen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 249-258 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Zur Einschätzung des Alkyleirungsvermögens der insektiziden Phosphorverbindungen Trichlorphon, Butonate, DDVP, Dimethoate und Methylparathion wird die Kinetik ihrer Umsetzungen mit verschiedenen nucleophilen Komponenten im Temperaturbereich von 20-100°C untersucht und die Einsatzmöglichkeit von Aminen und Halogeniden als Nucleophile in derartigen Messungen abgegrenzt. Die relativen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten zeigen in Aceton als Lösungsmittel folgende Reaktivitätsabstufung: Methylparathion 〉 DDVP 〉 Dimethoate 〉 Butonate 〉 Trichlorphon 〉 Trimethylphosphat.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 199-208 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Das Strukturprinzip des kristallisierten 2,5-Pentamethylenimino-1,4-benzochinons konnte mit der SAP-Methode aufgefunden werden. Die Verfeinerung der Struktur erfolgte durch dreidimensionale Fouriermethoden und anisotrope least-squares-Rechnungen. Der abschließende R-Index für 1 270 auf Filmen registrierte Reflexe beträgt 0,096. Die Abmessungen der Elementarzelle sind: a = 6,858 Å; b = 8,432 Å; c = 6,659 Å; α = 86,78°; β = 99,75°; γ = 108,68°. Die Raumgruppe ist P 1. Es liegt ein zentrosymmetrisches Molekül in der Elementarzelle.Im Chinonring tritt ein extrem langer C—C-Abstand mit 1,522 Å auf, die beiden anderen C—C-Abstände im Chinonring betragen 1,364 Å und 1,433 Å. Bemerkenswert sind die drei sehr unterschiedlichen Bindungslängen am dreibindigen N-Atom. Ein N—C-Abstand beträgt 1,361 Å, die beiden anderen N—C-Abstände betragen 1,477 Å bzw. 1,480 Å. Das Molekül kann in seiner Elektronenstruktur ähnlich wie die Moleküle in [1] und [2] nicht als chinonähnlich betrachtet werden. Es enthält vielmehr Polymethin-Polyen-ähnliche Bauelemente.Die Geometrie des Piperidin-Ringes entspricht vollständig den Erwartungswerten, sowohl hinsichtlich der Bindungslängen als auch der Bindungswinkel. Er hat exakte Sesselform.Der Kristallverband kann als dreidimensional dichte Packung der C16H22N2O2-Moleküle angesehen werden. Es berühren sich intermolekular fast ausschließlich Wasserstoffatome untereinander.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 503-506 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The complexation behaviour of various metal ions with tyrosine and threonine has been recently investigated in our laboratories [1-2]. However, there is hardly any reference regarding polarographic studies on complex forming ability of tyrosine and hence the present studies were undertaken. This communication deals with detailed investigations on the polarographic behaviour of Ni(II)-tyrosine system in aqueous and mixed solvent media.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 520-524 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 415-428 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In den Temperaturbereichen 362,5-397,5°C und 241,5-277°C wurden der thermische und der durch Azomethan initiierte Zerfall von Pentandion-(2,3) bei Umsätzen 〈 5% kinetisch untersucht. Der thermische Zerfall verläuft über kurze Radikalketten mit Kettenlängen von etwa 10 und kann durch ein Zeitgesetz 1. Ordnung mit den Zerfallskonstanten \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm k}_{{\rm brutto}} = 10^{(17,9 \pm 1,0)} {\rm e}^{ - {\rm (67500} \pm {\rm 2900)/RT}} {\rm s}^{ - 1} $$\end{document} beschrieben werden.Für die Relativgeschwindigkeiten der H-Abspaltung durch Methyl- und Äthylradikale von den C-Atomen C1, C4 und C5 wurde ein Verhältnis 1 : 4,5 : 0,3 gefunden. Neben H-Abspaltungen spielen radikalische Substitutionsreaktionen als kettenfortpflanzende Schritte eine entscheidende Rolle. Für zwei Quotienten der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten kH-Abspaltung/kSubstitution werden kinetische Parameter gegeben.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 463-468 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The formation of 3-(α-cyanoarylidene)phthalides 1a-g, by interaction of benzyl cyanides with phthalic anhydrides was studied under various conditions. The by-products, accompanying 3-(α-cyanobenzal)phthalide 1a, were identified as phthalimide, benzalphthalide 2 and 3-(α-carbamoylbenzal)phthalide 6.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 485-490 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die Infrarotspektren der Phenyl-, p-Äthylphenyl-, p-Butylphenyl- und p-Octylphenylphosphonsäure werden im Bereich von 400 bis 3 500 cm-1 mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Die Car-P-Valenzschwingung nahe 1 400 cm-1, wie sie in der Literatur häufig beschrieben ist, kann nicht beobachtet werden. Es dürfte sich dabei um eine CC-Valenzschwingung des Phenylringes handeln. Für Phenylphosphonsäure wird eine „νCar-P“ bei 1150 cm-1 zugeordnet.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 507-510 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 525-525 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 527-528 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 545-549 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: α, β-Dibromierte Aldehyde reagieren mit Phosphorigsäuretrialkylestern erwartungsgemäß bereits bei Raumtemperatur in einer Perkow-Reaktion zu den entsprechenden Dialkyl-vinyl-phosphorsäureestern. Die Umsetzung der aus Acrylestern durch Bromierung in Gegenwart von LiCl oder KBr in hohen Ausbeuten darstellbaren α,β-Dibromcarbonsäureester mit 2 Mol Phosphorigsäureestern führt in einer Ausweichreaktion weder zum Phosphonsäureester noch zum Phosphorsäurevinylester, sondern unter Enthalogenierung zu Acrylester und hauptsächlich Unterphosphorsäuretetraäthylester. Für den Reaktionsverlauf wird ein Mechanismus diskutiert, bei dem das gleiche Zwischenprodukt sowohl bei dieser als auch bei der Perkow- und der Arbusow-Reaktion durchlaufen wird.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 589-594 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Phenylisocyanat und einige kernsubstituierte Abkömmlinge bilden mit N-Chlor-alkylaminen kernchlorierte Arylharnstoffe 4a-4d; 5a-5d. In der Regel tritt das Chlor in die para-Stellung ein, bei besetzter para-Stellung in die ortho-Stellung. Als Zwischenstufen der Reaktion werden N-Chlor-harnstoffe wahrscheinlich gemacht Ein Vertreter dieser Verbindungsklasse (6b) wird isoliert und in die kernchlorierte Verbindung umgewandelt. N-Chlor-dimethylamin reagiert mit Phenylisocyanat bzw. 3-Chlorphenylisocyanat zu den bekannten Herbiciden Monuron 1 und Diuron 2. Hier werden als Zwischenstufen betainartige Anlagerungsprodukte 8 formuliert und durch die starke Chlorierungswirkung der Reaktionsansätze gegenüber zugesetzten Aromaten wahrscheinlich gemacht.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 615-620 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Ausgehend von den benzoylierten Ribofuranosiden des Pyridons-(2) 5 und Pyridazons-(3) 6 gelang die Synthese der Ribofuranoside des Thiopyridons-(2) 3 und Thiopyridazons-(3) 4 durch Thionierung mittels Phosphor(V)-sulfid in α-Picolin bzw. Pyridin. Die Ribofuranoside 1, 2, 3 und 4 wurden UV-, CD- und NMR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Bei den nichtthionierten Verbindungen 1 und 2 wechselte das Vorzeichen der Cotton-Effekte durch ein zum glykosidischen N-Atom benachbartes N-Atom. Die thionierten Verbindungen 3 und 4 zeigten bei den den UV-Absorptionsmaxima entsprechenden Wellenlängen Cotton-Effekte mit positivem Vorzeichen. Bei 3 trat bei 397 nm noch ein auf einen n → π*-Übergang zurückzuführender Cotton-Effekt mit negativem Vorzeichen auf.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 649-658 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die kationische Copolymerisation der Monomerenpaare Cyclopentadien/β-Cyclohexylstyrol und Styrol/p-Chlorstyrol wurde unter dem Aspekt der Beeinflussung der relativen Monomerreaktivität durch Variation von Lösungsmittel, Temperatur, Katalysator sowie Elektronendonatoren und -akzeptoren durchgeführt. Die dabei erreichten Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Copolymerisate werden als Folge von Veränderungen im Grad der Ladungstrennung der als Kettenträger fungierenden Ionenpaare diskutiert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 198
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen einiger C5-Diene mit verschiedenen Philodienen wurden kinetisch untersucht. Auf Grund der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten mit Cyclopentadien in Dioxan bei 30°C kann man eine allgemeine Dienophilie-Skala definieren, mit der sich die Geschwindigkeiten von Diels-Alder-Reaktionen anderer Diene nach dem Prinzip der linearen Freien-Energie-Beziehungen korrelieren lassen.Lineare Freie-Energie-Beziehungen mit Parametern der Lösungsmittelpolarität lassen sich nicht nur für das endo/exo-Verhältnis der Reaktionsprodukte aus Cyclopentadien und Acrylmonomeren, sondern auch für die Geschwindigkeiten dieser Diels-Alder-Reaktionen aufstellen. Das spricht für relativ stark polare Übergangszustände bei Diels-Alder-Reaktionen von Dienkohlen-wasserstoffen mit stark polaren Philodienen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 199
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Mit einer variablen-β,γ-SCF-LCI-Methode wurden die π-Elektronenspektren der Titelverbindungen in ihrer s-trans-Konfiguration berechnet. Die Ergebnisse stehen in guter Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment. Zur Interpretation der Spektren wurden die berechneten Übergänge nach KURODA et al. aufgeschlüsselt. Die längstwellige Bande entspricht einem schwach gestörten 1A → 1Lb-Übergang des Azulens. Die um 25 kcm-1 liegende Bande besitzt ebenfalls noch ausgeprägte Ähnlichkeit mit dem 1A → 1La-Übergang des Azulens, der jedoch durch den Styrylrest stark intensiviert und bathochrom verschoben wird. Die Übergänge oberhalb 30 kcm-1 zeigen z.T. beträchtlichen inneren charge-transfer-Charakter.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 881-885 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Die Reaktionen von N-[Pyridyl-(2)]-thiazolyl-(2)-amin 1 mit Elektrophilen werden im Hinblick auf die relative nucleophile Reaktivität von Pyridin und Thiazol untersucht. Es wird über die Bromierung, Nitrierung, Sulfonierung sowie Aminoalkylierung von 1 berichtet. Alle Reaktionen verlaufen selektiv unter Substitution der 5-Position des Thiazolrings. Die NMR-Daten von 1 und seiner Substitutionsprodukte werden mitgeteilt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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