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  • 1980-1984  (1,742)
  • 1965-1969  (1,212)
  • 1984  (1,742)
  • 1966  (1,212)
  • General Chemistry  (2,064)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (863)
  • Cerebellum
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  • 1980-1984  (1,742)
  • 1965-1969  (1,212)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The perineuronal net in the fastigial nucleus of the rat cerebellum (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Perineuronal net ; Astrocytes ; Fastigial nucleus ; Cerebellum ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological study of the rat fastigial nucleus with the Golgi-Rio Hortega method showed the presence of glial perineuronal nets surrounding the large neurons, but not the small ones. This perineuronal net appeared as a mesh of tenuous glial processes which covers the neuronal perikarya and proximal dendrites. The small alveolate compartments in this mesh seem to correspond to the holes for the synaptic boutons. Our results also indicate that the perineuronal net is derived from interneuronal protoplasmic and velate astrocytes. Using camera lucida drawings of this perineuronal net we have made a quantitative estimation of the size and density of synaptic boutons on these large neurons. The average numerical density of synaptic boutons was about 19 per 100 μm2 of the neuronal surface, the mean area of the synaptic holes being 2.5 μm2. Furthermore, the quantitative data evidence that about 52.5% of the neuronal surface is presumably occupied by synaptic boutons whereas the remaining 47.5% is covered by the glial processes of the perineuronal net. Semithin sections prepared from thick Golgi sections were used for the cytological study of the neurons surrounded by this glial pericellular network. The possible functional significance of the perineuronal net in the regulation of synaptic transmission in the fastigial cerebellar nucleus is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319461
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar histogenesis and synaptic maturation following pre- and postnatal alcohol administration (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fetal alcohol syndrome ; Rat ; Cerebellum ; Purkinje cells ; Synaptic maturation ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal alcohol syndrome was produced in rats by feeding an ethanol-enriched, vitamine-supplemented liquid diet over a period of 4 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy. The amount of ethanol was equivalent to 38–40% of the daily calories; control animals were fed an isocaloric amount of sucrose. The offspring of experimental animals displayed a diminished birth weight. In contrast to previous experiments, the ethanol diet was also administered during the lactating period. On postnatal day 7, experimental animals and controls were killed by perfusion and the cerebella prepared for electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis showed a reduced number of Purkinje cells. On day 12, Purkinje cells of experimental animals displayed ultrastructurally fewer organelles. Furthermore, a delayed synaptogenesis in the molecular layer was demonstrated with osmiumzinc iodide and ethanolic phosphotungstic acid showing an immature appearance of the presynaptic grid and weaker stained synaptic cleft material. The following discussion deals with possible mechanisms underlying these alcohol-induced alterations of cerebellar synaptogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688471
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar connections in Xenopus laevis (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 167-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Cerebellar afferents ; Cerebellar efferents ; Inferior olive ; Xenopus laevis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study the cerebellar afferents in the clawed toad Xenopus laevis have been analysed with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. In addition, data on the efferent connections of the cerebellum could be gathered, based on the phenomenon of anterograde transport of HRP. Cerebellar afferents in Xenopus laevis appear to arise mainly in the vestibular nuclear complex, in a primordial inferior olive and in the spinal cord. Both primary (arising in the ipsilateral vestibular ganglion) and secondary vestibulocerebellar projections were found. A distinct crossed olivocerebellar projection to the molecular layer of the cerebellum was found. Two spinocerebellar pathways are present in Xenopus laevis, as in other anurans, viz. an ipsilateral dorsal spinocerebellar tract, presumably arising in dorsal root ganglion cells, and a larger ventral pathway, bilaterally arising in the spinal gray matter. The latter tract mainly originates in the ventrolateral and ventromedial spinal fields. Furthermore, a secondary trigeminocerebellar projection arising in the descending trigeminal nucleus, a cerebellar projection arising in the dorsal column nucleus, a small projection arising in a possible primordium of the mammalian nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, a raphecerebellar projection, and a small cerebellar projection originating in the ipsilateral mesencephalic tegmentum were demonstrated. Cerebellar efferents in Xenopus laevis are mainly aimed at the vestibular nuclear complex. A distinct ipsilateral cerebellovestibular projection present throughout the vestibular nuclear complex presumably arises in Purkyně cells, a smaller contralateral projection in the cerebellar nucleus. In addition, a small primordial brachium conjunctivum, projecting to the red nucleus, was noted. The basic pattern of cerebellar connections as suggested for terrestrial vertebrates (ten Donkelaar and Bangma 1984) is also found in the permanently aquatic anuran Xenopus laevis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303146
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic lead and histological parameters of brain development (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 306-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Hippocampus ; Lead ; Brain development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Relatively little work has been done on the structural effects of organic lead in the central nervous system (CNS), although this form of lead may be a significant fraction of total brain lead. We tested a number of easily measured light-histological parameters of neuronal development in rats for sensitivity to (a) normal growth between 18 and 28 days of life and (b) the effect of weekly injections of tetramethyl lead (TML), administered from 1 week after conception until post-natal day 6. Several of the histological parameters were found to be sensitive to normal growth, but none showed any effect of organic lead treatment. This was despite a small but significant decrease in brain weight, and a significant increase in body/brain weight ratio, with tetramethyl lead treatment. The body/brain weight ratio was the parameter most sensitive to tetramethyl lead treatment. Possible reasons for the disparity between weight and histological parameters are discussed, with reference to previous workers' findings concerning the effects of organic lead on the development of myelin in the CNS and the availability of organic lead to brain tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687338
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutual inhibition between olivary cell groups projecting to different cerebellar microzones in the cat (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 54 (1984), S. 293-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Inferior olive ; Climbing fibre microzones ; Mutual inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was carried out predominantly on the b zone in the lateral vermis of the cerebellar anterior lobe. This zone is divided into sagittally oriented microzones which receive a somatotopically organized climbing fibre input. 1. It was shown that the climbing fibre input to one microzone is inhibited by stimulation of a nerve that projects to an adjacent microzone. 2. The degree of inhibition was related to the proximity of the microzones involved. 3. The latency of the inhibition was short and the duration 70–110 ms. 4. The inhibition of climbing fibre responses occurred in the inferior olive and was presumably due to post-synaptic inhibition of the olivo-cerebellar neurones. 5. The mutual inhibition could be produced by antidromic activation of olivo-cerebellar neurones. 6. An inhibition with similar properties as in the b zone, but weaker, was observed between forelimb and hindlimb inputs to the c1 and c3 zones in the pars intermedia. In the c3 zone, an inhibition between adjacent forelimb microzones also occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236230
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harmaline induced tremor III. A combined simple units, horseradish peroxidase, and 2-deoxyglucose study of the olivocerebellar system in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1984), S. 128-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Harmaline tremor ; Cerebellum ; Inferior olive ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Purkinje cells were recorded extracellularly and mapped in the cerebellar cortex of the rat under tremogenic doses of harmaline. Four différent types of responses were encountered, of which two were considered as being responsible for the harmaline tremor. The latter had a regular firing pattern of complex spikes at 5 to 10 Hz and were mostly found in the vermis. Their number decreased in the more lateral region of the cerebellar cortex until they eventually disappeared. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into all the areas of the cerebellar cortex containing Purkinje cells with harmaline-induced activity. Labeled neurons were in all cases traced to the medial accessory olive. The metabolic activity of the inferior olive under harmaline was measured with 2-deoxyglucose. Increased labeling was only found in the medial accessory olive. Such an increase was demonstrated as being due to a direct effect of the drug on the inferior olivary neurons, indicating that the medial accessory olive is responsible for the harmaline tremor in the rat. Our results point out that, in the rat, there is an inverse relationship between serotoninergic innervation of a region in the inferior olivary nucleus and that with harmaline sensitivity, therefore a serotoninergic mechanism hypothesis for the harmaline tremor needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231139
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional cerebellar choline acetyltransferase activity following peduncular lesions (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 53 (1984), S. 370-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Choline acetyltransferase ; Cerebellum ; Cerebellar peduncle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the cerebellar lobules of the rat was determined after bilateral destruction of either the superior, middle, or inferior cerebellar peduncles. A significant, 40–60% decrease in ChAT activity occurred in all subdivisions of the cerebellum (anterior lobe, posterior lobe hemisphere, posterior lobe vermis/nodulus and flocculus/paraflocculus) following bilateral inferior peduncle lesions. In contrast, bilateral lesions of the superior or middle peduncles did not result in significant reductions of enzyme activity. These findings indicate that the cholinergic afferents to the cerebellum are contained predominantly in the inferior peduncle, from which they emerge to innervate all of the gross subdivisions of the cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238167
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A physiological study of identification, axonal course and cerebellar projection of spinocerebellar tract cells in the central cervical nucleus of the cat (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 55 (1984), S. 272-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Central cervical nucleus ; Spinocerebellar tract ; Cerebellum ; Spinal cord ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spinocerebellar tract (SCT) neurones in and around the central cervical nucleus (CCN) were physiologically identified by antidromic activation of these cells on stimulation of the cerebellum. Among the Spinocerebellar tract cells thus identified, those ascending the contralateral spinal funiculi were found in the CCN and ventralwards, whereas those ascending the ipsilateral funiculi existed mostly dorsal to the CCN partly overlapping with crossed cells in the nucleus. Mapping sites from which CCN cells were antidromically activated showed that axons of the CCN-SCT cross at the same segment, ascend the ventral funiculus initially, the lateral funiculus at rostral C1 and the lateral border of the medulla to reach the cerebellar peduncle, enter the cerebellum mainly via the restiform body but possibly also via the superior peduncle. Systematic mapping of stimulation within the cerebellum indicated that the CCNSCT projects to the medial part of the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe bilaterally. Projection to lobules I–II was found in almost all CCN-SCT cells examined. Three fourths of CCN-SCT cells projected to the posterior lobe, as revealed by less extensive mapping. Mapping of axonal regions of the same single CCN-SCT cells showed that they project multifocally in the cerebellum, where projection to lobules I–II was common and that to other areas varied with individual cells. Conduction velocites decreased within the cerebellum probably as the result of repeated branching. Mossy fibre responses evoked on stimulation of the C2 dorsal root in cats with the transected dorsal funiculi were shown to be mediated mostly via the CCN-SCT. Mapping the field potential showed that the response was by far the largest in lobules I–II. This suggested that the terminals provided by the CCN-SCT are the densest in these lobules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237278
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracranial cerebellar grafts: Intermediate filament immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 55 (1984), S. 372-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Intracranial transplants ; Cerebellum ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Vimentin ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pieces of the developing cerebellar anlage were prepared from 13–15 day old rat embryos and transplanted to the cerebellar region of 5–7 and 13–14 day old rat pups. Approximately two months later, sections showed most grafts to consist of both cerebellar cortex, with a typical trilaminar organization, and white matter areas containing large neuronal perikarya. The astrocytic populations were studied using immunohistochemistry with antisera raised against the intermediate filaments, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), and vimentin. The GFA-antiserum revealed a glial interface along most of the border between host brain and graft. Both antisera stained long, slender, although slightly distorted Bergmann fibers spanning the molecular layer. Using GF-Aantiserum, star-shaped fluorescent astrocytes were seen in the granular layer and in the white matter. Only in the white matter did the amount of GFA-like immunoreactivity suggest an astrocytic gliosis. With vimentin antiserum fluorescent astrocytes in the white matter were seen. There were no signs of increased amounts of vimentin-like immunoreactivity. Taken together, the amount and distribution of GFA-and vimentin-like immunoreactivity suggests a rather normal astrocytic development in the cerebellar grafts. Using an antiserum against the neurofilament (NF) triplet, delicate immunoreactive fibres were seen in both the molecular and the granular layer. No positive cell bodies could be visualized in the cortical areas. Although the Purkinje cells themselves were negative, fibre baskets around them were intensely stained. In the white matter a high density of NF-positive fibres and some positive perikarya were visualized. Thus the distribution of NF-like immunoreactivity in the grafts corresponded well to the normal NF distribution. The functional maturation of the cerebellar grafts was studied electrophysiologically. A spontaneous mean discharge rate of 19.3 + 1.7 Hz was recorded from the Purkinje cells. This compares with a discharge rate of 26.8 + 1.0 Hz for Purkinje neurons in situ. The difference was at least partly ascribable to the absence of climbing fibre bursts in the grafts. Local stimulation of the graft surface caused both decreased and increased Purkinje cell discharge. In conclusion, these experiments suggest that grafts of fetal cerebellar buds to the young cerebellum develop into cerebellar tissue having both morphological and electrophysiological characteristics quite similar to the normal cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237288
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topographic features of climbing fiber input in the rostral vermal cortex of the cat cerebellum (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 55 (1984), S. 445-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Climbing fiber responses ; Olivocerebellar projection ; Somatotopic organization ; Mechanoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topographic organization of the climbing fiber (CF) responses was mapped in the rostral vermal cortex (lobules III, IV, and Va) of the cerebellum. Extracellular, single-unit recordings were obtained from 699 Purkinje cells in cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitol. Approximately 72% of the CF responses were elicited by low-threshold or deep tactile stimulation, whereas the remaining units were unresponsive to any peripheral stimulation. On the basis of response characteristics, the vermal cortex was separated into an approximately 1-mm-wide medial zone and a 1 to 1.5-mm-wide lateral zone. The medial zone contained many unresponsive cells, except along the midline, where about 35% of the CF responses were elicited by deep stimulation at the base of the tail. The majority (78%) of the CF responses within the lateral vermal cortex represented various areas of the hindpaw, although representations of the forepaw (8%), tail (4%), and chin (0.6%), as well as unresponsive units (10%), were evident. The lateral vermal cortex contained a mediolateral topography of different receptive fields, although the topography was not sharply defined or equally displayed in all animals. The medial part of the lateral zone contained a representation of the ipsilateral forelimb in lobules IV and Va; the middle part had a representation of the medial or the lateral half of the hindpaw; and the lateral portion of the zone had an extensive representation of the distal hindpaw. The CF responses with similar receptive fields were often found in patches, which in some areas were arranged in layers from the inner to the outer areas of the sublobules. A particular body surface may be represented in multiple patches and in different lobules. Activation of the majority of CF responses within a sublobule may occur only during selected behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235275
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of cerebello-cortical transmission in the rat ventromedial thalamic nucleus (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 55 (1984), S. 535-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Cerebellum ; Basal ganglia ; Electrophysiology ; Rat ; Firing patterns ; Transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary On the basis of antidromic stimulation we have identified two distinct neuronal populations in the rat ventromedial thalamic nucleus. The largest population (96%) are thalamo-cortical relay cells which project via the internal capsule to the cerebral cortex. The smaller population of cells (4%) project caudally to the reticular formation and superior colliculus. These two cell types could be distinguished further on the basis of their patterns of spontaneous discharge. Relay cells fluctuate between two activity patterns (i) a rhythmic pattern characterized by periods of high-frequency bursting, and (ii) a more tonic discharge pattern of single spikes. The caudally projecting cells had a characteristic fast, regular type of spontaneous firing. Brachium conjunctivum stimulation evokes two distinct responses in thalamic relay cells, (i) a short-latency single spike, (ii) a longer latency, rhythmic response of 2–3 spikes. Both excitatory responses are followed by a period of cell quiescence. The type of response is dependent upon the cell's firing pattern. The short-latency response occurs during tonic, single-spike activity whilst the longer latency response occurs during highfrequency bursting activity. The short-latency response can be altered to the long latency response by increasing the level of anaesthesia or by applying a conditioning shock to known inhibitory pathways. Conversely the long latency response can be altered to the short-latency response by decreasing anaesthesia or by stimulation of the reticular formation. It is argued that both response types are evoked monosynaptically by activation of the same cerebello-thalamic fibres but that different ionic conductances which are active at different levels of membrane polarization are responsible for the two response patterns. Efficient time-locked cerebellothalamo-cortical transmission occurs only during tonic single-spike activity, when cerebellar stimulation evokes a short-latency response. Such transmission is allowed or disallowed by the fine balance between converging excitatory and inhibitory afferents. In addition to a monosynaptic excitatory input from the cerebellar nuclei, relay cells received converging synaptic inputs from the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, reticular formation and superior colliculus. Due to the anatomical arrangement in the rat it proved impossible to assess the role of the pallidum. The population of caudally projecting cells also received several converging synaptic inputs, but unlike those influencing relay cells, these inputs were all excitatory. We have obtained no clear physiological evidence for the occurrence of local interneurones within the ventromedial nucleus. However, a powerful recurrent inhibitory circuit is activated following antidromic activation of relay cells. The interneurones responsible for this inhibition appear to lie in the thalamic nucleus reticularis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235285
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of serotonin on cerebellar Purkinje cells are dependent on the baseline firing rate (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 56 (1984), S. 50-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Cerebellum ; Purkinje cell ; Microiontophoresis ; Rate dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonin applied iontophoretically to cerebellar Purkinje cells elicited one of three effects: inhibition (62% of the cells), biphasic response (27%), and excitation (11%). This study describes a correlation between the spontaneous discharge rate of Purkinje cells and the action of serotonin. Purkinje neurons that responded to serotonin with an increase in firing rate had a significantly slower predrug firing frequency (40 Hz) than those cells that were suppressed by serotonin (51 Hz). Furthermore, it was shown that with increasing firing rates the proportion of excitations decreased, and the proportion of depressions increased. A quantitative comparison revealed a statistically significant correlation between the spontaneous discharge rate of cells displaying excitation and the magnitude of the excitatory response. On several occasions, the direction of the Purkinje cell response to serotonin reversed following a decrease or increase in the baseline spontaneous rate. Glutamate- or asparate-induced excitations elicited an augmentation of serotonin-mediated inhibition and in some cases a reversal of excitation to inhibition. Likewise, the lowering of neuronal activity by the continuous application of glycine augmented excitation and reduced and reversed serotonin inhibitions. Preliminary results from experiments in which various receptor antagonists were tested against serotonin actions suggest that the effects of serotonin occur, at least in part, at postsynaptic sites on Purkinje cells. These results strongly suggest that the overall qualitative effects of serotonin is to set Purkinje cells at a preferred firing rate. In this sense, the term biaser or modulator may best describe the role of serotonin in the cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237441
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of signals conveyed by the ventral spino-cerebellar tract and spino-reticulo-cerebellar pathway (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 54 (1984), S. 426-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Scratch reflex ; Ventral spino-cerebellar tract ; Spino-reticulo-cerebellar pathway ; Cerebellum ; Cooling the nervous tissue ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary (1) The “fictitious” scratch reflex was evoked in decerebrate curarized cats by pinna stimulation. Activity of neurons of the ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT) from the L4 and L5 segments of the spinal cord as well as of neurons of the spinoreticulo-cerebellar pathway (SRCP) from the lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata was recorded. Cooling and destruction of different parts of the lumbo-sacral enlargement of the spinal cord were performed. (2) Cooling of the L5 or L6 segment abolished the rhythmic activity in the greater part of the spinal hindlimb centre but did not affect the generation of rhythmic oscillations in the remaining (rostral) segments of the lumbo-sacral enlargement. Under these conditions, neither the rhythmic activity of VSCT neurons located rostral to the thermode nor that of SRCP neurons changed. (3) A normal rhythmic activity of SRCP neurons also persisted after destruction of grey matter in the L3 and L4 segments. It can be concluded that activity of these neurons is independent of whichever part of the enlargement generates rhythmic oscillations. (4) From these observations a hypothesis is advanced that the main content of signals conveyed by the VSCT and SRCP to the cerebellum is the information regarding activity of the generator of rhythmic oscillations that is located in the L3-L5 spinal segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235467
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar feedback signals of a passive hand movement in the awake monkey (1984)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 402 (1984), S. 292-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Climbing fibre ; Purkinje cell ; Awake monkey ; Passive movement ; Sensory feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract From three intact and awake monkeys, 149 Purkinje cells and 44 presumed mossy fibres were recorded in the intermediate part of the cerebellar anterior lobe, and this activity was analyzed with regard to different parameters of a passive hand movement. The tonic discharge rate of the simple spikes (SS) varied according to different joint positions only in a single Purkinje cell, whereas such a position relation was found in nine out of 44 presumed mossy fibres. A phasic increase of the complex spike (CS) discharge rate of Purkinje cells in response to passive wrist movements usually occurred within 100 ms after movement onset. However, in some units a phase of increased CS rate was observed which lasted for the whole movement duration. The amount of this phasic increase in the CS rate depended on the acceleration of movement, but the SS response to movements of different velocity remained unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585512
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of labelled taurine from the rat dorsal medulla and cerebellum in vivo (1984)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 401 (1984), S. 193-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Dorsal medulla ; Taurine ; Neuromodulator ; Amino acid ; Neurotransmitter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stimulus-induced release of labelled taurine has been studied in the superfused rat cerebellar cortex and dorsal medulla in vivo. In the cerebellum both elevated potassium and electrically induced depolarization consistently produced marked increases in the efflux of exogenously applied taurine in a calcium-dependent fashion. Veratridine-stimulation evoked a large Ca2+-independent taurine efflux which was, however, prevented by tetrodotoxin. In the dorsal medulla, both high K+ and veratridine induced a clear Ca2+-independent increase in taurine efflux. Electrical stimulation was always ineffective in changing taurine efflux from the dorsal medulla. These data strongly support a possible neurohumoral role for taurine in the cerebellum but not in the dorsal medulla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583881
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar afferents in the frogs, Rana esculenta and Rana temporaria (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 259-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Cerebellar afferents ; Transport, retrograde ; Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique ; Brainstem ; Anurans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Afferents to the cerebellum in frogs (Rana esculenta, Rana temporaria) were studied by use of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Following injections restricted to the molecular layer of the cerebellum cell labelling was found in the contralateral inferior olive and the ventral portion of the caudal medullary raphe. Injections involving the granular layer resulted in labelling in the ventral horn of the cervical spinal cord, the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus, the nucleus caudalis and the medial portion of the nucleus ventralis of the vestibular nerve, the inferior reticular nucleus and the nucleus of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis. Following larger injections, which may have spread significantly into the cerebellar, secondary gustatory, trigeminal or vestibular nuclei, labelled cell bodies were also found in the nucleus ruber, nucleus solitarius, the rostral spinal trigeminal nucleus and the rostral rhombencephalic reticular formation. It is unclear whether the fibers from these latter areas innervate the cerebellum of the frog, as they do in mammals, or only reach the underlying areas. This situation emphasizes a limitation of the HRP technique when applied to small structures as is often the case in lower vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217144
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional differences in the ultrastructure of Purkinje cells of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Purkinje cells ; Cytoarchitectonics ; Quantitative neuroanatomy ; Albino rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the albino rat, perikaryal diameter, volume density of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and lumenal diameter of cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum are larger in Purkinje cells of lobule Via (neocerebellum) than in those of lobule X (archicerebellum). In contrast, only the surface density of cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum is larger in Purkinje cells of lobule X. The cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum are arranged into conspicuous Nissl bodies parallel to the nuclear membrane, but the content of ribosomes and polysemes is markedly less in lobule-X cells than in cells from lobule VI a. These results indicate qualitative and quantitative differences between the metabolically important organelles in Purkinje cells of the neo- and archicerebellum (cf. Larsell 1952).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213728
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    High resolution gas chromatography: Simultaneous detection of narcotics, adulterants, and diluents in street samples (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 140-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Narcotics: street samples ; Narcotics, adulterants and diluents: simultaneous determination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070308
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantiomer separation of some aromatic carboxylic acids by HPLC on a chemically bonded β-cyclodextrin stationary phase (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 147-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; HPLC ; Racemate separation ; β-Cyclodextrin stationary phase ; Cyclohexylphenylglycolic acid ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070311
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple effluent splitter for capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 154-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Effluent splitter ; Dual detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070315
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    Chromatography calendar (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 165-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070320
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  • 22
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    HPLC on 3,5-dinitrobenzamidopropyl silica gel (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 160-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography HPLC ; Bonded phases ; 3,5-Dinitrobenzamidopropyl silica gel ; Charge transfer interaction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070318
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  • 23
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    High performance thin layer chromatography - densitometric method for content uniformity test of lanatoside C tablets (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High-performance-thin layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Zirconium oxychloride ; Backside fluorodensitometric detection on TLC plate ; Content uniformity test for lanatoside C tablets ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070319
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    Electronic Resource
    Developments in pyrolysis capillary GC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 172-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070402
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  • 25
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    Multilayer effects in liquid adsorption chromatography with mixed mobile phases (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid adsorption chromatography, LSC, HPLC ; Multilayer effects in LSC ; HPLC with mixed mobile phase ; HPLC theory ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper describes the theory of liquid adsorption chromatography (LSC) with mixed mobile phase, involving formation of multilayer surface phases. An equation describing the dependence of the capacity ratio upon the mobile phase composition is derived and theoretical curves illustrating the same dependence are calculated accordingly by assuming different thicknesses of the surface phase.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070406
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  • 26
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    Separation of distearoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and dioleylphosphatidylcholine by thin-layer chromatography using new modified plates (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 211-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin layer chromatography, TLC ; Alkylchlorosilanes ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070408
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    Masthead (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070501
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  • 28
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    Reversed-phase separation of tetodotoxin and its oxidized derivative at the C11-position detected spectrophotometrically at 195 nm (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 265-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; C18-silica ; UV-detection ; Tetrodotoxin ; Oxidized derivative ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070506
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  • 29
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    High performance liquid chromatography determination of prochloraz residues in citrus fruit (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 268-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Citrus fruit ; Fungicide residues ; Prochioraz ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070507
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  • 30
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    High resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) of the lipids extracted from blood serum (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 274-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, glass ; Liquid-liquid and liquid-solid extraction ; Serum lipids ; Fatty acids ; Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters ; Triglycerides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070509
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    Picomole amounts of methyl chloride by reaction gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 280-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Reaction GC ; Iodination reactor ; Electron capture detection ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070512
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    Chromatography calendar (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 289-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070516
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    The optimized separation of aromatic carboxylic acids by HPLC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 375-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reverse phase columns ; Window diagrams ; Aromatic carboxylic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optimization of the separation of eight aromatic carboxylic acids, using Hypersil SAS and MOS reverse phase columns, with respect to eluent (methanol : water) composition, pH, and temperature, is described. Window diagram techniques are used and the pH of the aqueous buffer and elution temperature are shown to be more critical than eluent composition.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070707
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    Enantiomeric separation of halocarboxylic acids by capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 398-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Enantiomeric separation ; Racemization ; Halocarboxylic acids ; Amide derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The direct determination of the enantiomeric purity of halocarboxylic acids is described. The method used involves gas chromatographic separation of the corresponding tert-butylamides on deactivated glass or fused-silica capillaries coated with Chirasil-Val. Both the influence of the amide moiety on enantiomeric resolution and tailing, and the racemization during formation of the amide derivatives were studied.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070710
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    Device for injection of absorbent-trapped compounds on to a WCOT column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 477-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Adsorbent ; Cold trapping ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070806
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  • 36
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    Analysis of pesticide residues by high resolution gas chromatography. Part 1: Comparison between packed and capillary columns in pesticide residue determinations. Practical considerations for routine use of capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 480-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed and capillary columns ; Fungicides and insecticides ; Adsorption ; Length of column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070807
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    Sensitization of thiamine analysis by the peak compression technique (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 490-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Peak compression technique ; Precolumn derivatization ; Thiamine compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070810
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    Product news (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 499-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070814
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    Masthead (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070901
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  • 40
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    Characterization of OV-1/FFAP-mixture coated glass capillary columns used for the separation of free fatty acids (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 509-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; OV-1/FFAP mixed phase, high-temperature ; silylated glass capillary ; Polar phase-coated HTS capillary ; Golay curves of mixed phases ; Thermal and long-term stability of OV-1/FFAP ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As an alternative to acid pretreated UCON and FFAP capillaries for the analysis of wide-boiling free fatty acid mixtures, OV-1 : FFAP phase mixtures were used on high-temperature silylated inert glass capillary columns. The HETP-carrier gas velocity curves, peak asymmetry factors, coating efficiency, gas phase and stationary phase contributions to the mass transfer resistance were determined for various OV-1 : FFAP ratios. Mixed-phase capillaries showed optimum performance at a 2 : 1 OV-1 : FFAP ratio. The thermal and long-term stability of OV-1-stabilized FFAP columns surpassed those of the UCON and pure FFAP reference column used.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070903
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    The length of the zone flooded by the injection of large volumes onto retention gaps in capillary GC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 531-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Retention gaps ; Large sample volumes ; Flooded zone ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070908
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    High speed zone electrophoresis in open-tubular fused silica capillaries (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 529-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; High resolution separation ; High speed analysis ; Dansyl amino acids ; Fluorescamine labeled peptides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070907
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    Advantages and limits of the quantitative determination of α-ferrocenyl carbinols with capillary GC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 536-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; On-Column injection ; Vaporizing injection ; Decomposition ; α-Ferrocenyl carbinols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070910
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    The Analysis of volatile compounds by purge and trap with whole column cryotrapping (WCC) on a fused silica capillary column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 504-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; GC/MS/DS ; Cryotrapping and cryofocussing of organics ; Purgeable compound analysis ; Trace organic analysis ; Priority pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The purge and trap (P&T) method of analysis has been interfaced with fused silica capillary column gas chromatography. This interfacing has been accomplished without splitting the P&T trap desorption carrier gas. Thus, 100% of the purged compounds are transferred to the column. The analytes are cryofocussed on the column using whole column cryotrapping (WCC) at -80°C. The resulting P&T/WCC procedure is extremely well-suited to the analysis of trace purgeable aqueous organic compounds. Samples and standards containing a variety of aromatic standard compounds were analyzed. The standards included benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, C3-C4-benzenes, and naphthalene, as well as three P&T internal standard compounds. Chromatographic peak widths were uniformly less than 6 s at the base and excellent precision was obtained in the relative retention time data for all compounds. The chromatogram of a groundwater sample contaminated with aromatic gasoline compounds is also presented. Since P&T/WCC works well with fused silica capillary columns, the full sensitivity and chromatographic efficiency of capillary gas chromatography is made available to P&T analyses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070902
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    Optimization of retention time of aromatic acids in liquid chromatography from log P and predicted pKa valuesThis paper was presented at VIIth International Symposium on Column Liquid Chromatography, Baden-Baden, May (1983) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 524-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reversed phase mode ; Prediction of retention time ; Prediction of pKa ; Hydrophobic fragmental constant ; Aromatic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For optimization of liquid chromatography separations, several approaches have been reported, among them the use of the hydrophobic fragmental constant, as proposed by Rekker [1]. The fragmental constant is derived from the partition coefficients of various solutes between octanol and water and represents a summation of solubility parameters: van der Waals volume, π - π interactions, hydrogen bonding, etc. With these constants the optimization of reversed phase mode liquid chromatography using octadecyl bonded silica gels as packing was feasible, although large error was found for the eluent with a high concentration of organic modifier or water. This is probably due to the heterogeneous solvation of the surface of the packings and to various solvent effects. In addition, when the acid dissociation constant was known, the retention times of aromatic acids in the ionic form were also predicted using the hydrophobic fragmental constant and the dissociation constant. By comparison of the previous data and a method proposed by Perrin et al. [2] it was possible to predict the dissociation constant of aromatic acids and optimize separation in reversed phase mode liquid chromatography using octadecyl bonded silica gels as packing. Furthermore, an equation for calculating the capacity ratios in a given pH eluent was proposed and the predicted and observed capacity ratios of aromatic acids in several eluents were examined in order to improve the above system.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070906
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    Kovats retention indices of selected olefins on bonded phase fused silica capillaries (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 542-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica (capillary) columns ; Bonded (cross-linked) phases ; Hydrocarbon analysis ; Olefinic hydrocarbons ; Retention index data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070913
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    Analysis of mutagenic amino acid pyrolyzates with a fused silica capillary column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 563-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Amino acid pyrolysates ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this study, application of a fused silica capillary column for analysis of major mutagenic heterocyclic compounds found in cooked foods was investigated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071003
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    Valveless flow switching using constant flow controllers (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 577-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Multidimensional gas chromatography, MGC ; Deans System ; Temperature programming ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071006
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    HPLC analysis of steroid esters (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 584-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Normal and reversed phases ; Steroid esters ; Long-acting contraceptive ; Injectable contraceptives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071010
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  • 50
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    HPTLC separation of PGF2α, PGE1, PGE2, PGA1 prostaglandins and quantitative determination in situ by induced fluorescence (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 593-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance thin layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Fluorescence ; Prostaglandins ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071013
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  • 51
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    Product news (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 601-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071017
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  • 52
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    Solute focusing using the solvent effect  -  A mass spectrometric investigation of packed bed inlets (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 142-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solute focussing ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070309
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  • 53
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    Determination of silanol groups on surface of sorbents for HPLC (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 153-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Silanized silica for HPLC ; Surface silanol groups ; Dimethylzinc tetrahydrofuranate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070314
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  • 54
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    High performance liquid chromatography profiling of prostaglandins (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; HPLC profiling ; Prostaglandins ; High speed HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070316
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  • 55
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    Multi-mode liquid chromatography of polystyrenes on phenyl-bonded phase (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 158-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Multi-mode liquid chromatography ; Adsorption chromatography ; Size exclusion chromatography ; Phenyl-bonded phase ; Styrene oligomers ; Polystyrene polymers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070317
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  • 56
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    Effect of column diameter on efficiency in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Capillary column ; Column diameter ; Efficiency ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fused silica capillary columns with internal diameters from 100 to 25 μm were coated with SE-54 and evaluated under supercritical fluid chromatographic conditions using carbon dioxide as mobile phase. Experimental results compared well with theoretical predictions. At ten times the optimum mobile phase velocity and for a capacity factor, k of 3, efficiencies of 2300 to 5600 plates m-1 were obtained for column diameters of 100 to 25 μm, respectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070605
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  • 57
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    Open tubular column gas chromatography: Theory and practice. Milton L. Lee, Frank J. Yang Keith D. Bartle John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1984, X + 445 pp., US $ 48.00. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 327-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070607
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  • 58
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    Deactivation of fused silica capillary columns with polymethylhydrosiloxanes (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 329-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Deactivation ; Polymethylhydrosiloxanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070608
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  • 59
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    Multidetection of pesticides in capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 338-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Pesticides ; Multidetection ; ECD-NPSD-SSD ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070613
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  • 60
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    Product news (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070616
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  • 61
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    Editorial (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 355-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070702
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  • 62
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    Analysis of gases containing inorganic compounds and light hydrocarbons on fused-silica open-tubular columns prepared with a thick liquid phase filmEnlarged text of a paper presented at the 35th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Atlantic City, NJ, USA, March 5-9, 1984. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 358-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Thick liquid phase films ; Natural and refinery gases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary columns having a thick liquid phase film and a low phase ratio permit the separation of low molecular mass compounds which would have a very small capacity factor on columns with a classical thin film. At the same time, the increased sample capacity allows conventional hot-wire thermal conductivity detectors to be used with such columns. The analysis of natural and refinery gases, containing both inorganic compounds and light (C1—C7) hydrocarbons, utilizing a combination of hot-wire and flame ionization detectors, is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070705
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  • 63
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    Optimization of capillary parameters for gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 382-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; HETP equation ; Optimum column parameters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An HETP equation for the capillary column is developed that takes into account the dependence of gaseous diffusion on pressure, the compressibility of the mobile phase, together with the unique relationship between mobile phase velocity, and the resistance to mass transfer in the stationary phase. The equation is used to develop a procedure for column optimization and expressions are derived that allow the optimum column radius and optimum column length to be calculated for a given fixed inlet pressure. It is shown that fast, simple separations are optimally achieved using relatively short small diameter columns. Conversely, optimum performance for the separation of complex mixtures requiring higher efficiencies requires the use of long columns with relatively large diameters.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070708
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    On the potential of CGC in triglyceride analysis (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 431-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Triglycerides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070716
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  • 65
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    Effect of stationary phase film thickness on efficiency in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 423-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary column ; Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Stationary phase film thickness ; Efficiency ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fused-silica capillary columns with internal diameters of 50 μm were coated with 0.25 to 1.0 μm films of SE-54 and evaluated under supercritical fluid chromatographic conditions using carbon dioxide as mobile phase. Experimental results compared well with theoretical predictions. There was no significant difference in hmin or ūopt for film thicknesses from 0.25 to 1.0 μm over k = 1 to 5. At a film thickness of 1.0 μm, calculations indicate that approximately 10% resolution loss would be expected for solutes with k = 1.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070714
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  • 66
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    Chromatography calendar (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 433-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070717
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  • 67
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    Determination of nitrated-polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in environmental samples by high resolution chromatographic techniques (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Low and high resolution liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Alkali flame detection ; Chemical ionization mass spectrometry ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical procedure is described for the fractionation of organic compounds present in environmental samples and the determination of nitro polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs). Both low and high resolution liquid chromatography are employed for the prefractionation of the soluble organic fraction (SOF) extracted from particulate matter or gaseous pollutants collected on adsorption traps. High resolution gas chromatography is used to analyze four fractions containing alkanes, PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and other polar PAHs. Nitrogen-containing species are separated by GC and detected specifically using an alkali flame (NPD) detector. Flame ionization (FID) detection, GC-MS of positive ions, and negative ion chemical ionization MS of the whole fraction is used for the identification and quantitation of the various components. The composition of SOF extracted from particulate matter emitted from diesel exhausts is elucidated and a large number of nitro-PAHs identified by the combination of the various techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070709
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    HPLC of nucleotides. II. General methods and their development for analysis and preparative separation. An approach to selectivity controlThis review was presented at the Budapest Chromatography Conference, June 1983, as a report and two posters. Part of it was included in [1]. Abbreviations: r - denotes ribonucleotides; d - (deoxy) is omitted; p - denotes terminal phosphate groups; internucleotide phosphate groups also are omitted. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 442-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; General methods of nucleotide HPLC ; Molecular and ionic basis of separation ; Two-dimensional separation ; Stationary phase; selectivity to nucleotide size and composition, selectivity control ; Mobile phase (solvent, salt, pH), influence on retention and selectivity ; Guard-column functions ; Column loadability and packing, consolidation of bed particles ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to develop efficient separation methods for nucleotides according to their size and heterocyclic composition, the application of ion-exchange, reverse-phase, and normal-phase adsorption HPLC has been studied. The comparative investigation of retention power and selectivity of various packings (non-polar bonded-phase and amino silicas) in relation to nucleotide length and composition yields data which enable suitable packings to be selected and a method of preparing the new packing for a particular separation problem to be formulated. Thus a new anion exchanger with high selectivity and dynamic mass transfer has been prepared for fractionation of large oligonucleotides. The effect of the eluent pH and composition (organic modifier, salt) on retention, selectivity, and resolution in ion-exchange and reverse-phase HPLC has been studied. The optimum separation conditions comprise elution with oppositely directed gradients of the salt and the modifier, use of a precolumn packing that provides the best protection for the main column without loss of its efficiency, and the optimum gradient program for the desired retention of the component of interest. The relation between loading and sample concentration has been studied and the system for gradient elution improved. Our work shows that two-dimensional separation is the most reliable and informative method for preparation of homogeneous oligonucleotides. The hydrophobic-pair ion-exchange mechanism is proposed for ion-pair chromatography. Protected and partially deblocked oligonucleotides, chemically synthesized for genetic engineering studies, have been separated with high selectivity by adsorption (normal-phase) HPLC which is efficient for gradient elution with isohydric eluents. The analysis of a monomeric composition of nano-(pico-) molar amounts of oligonucleotides has been developed; the procedure involves microcolumn digestion of the oligonucleotides with immobilized enzymes followed by microcolumn separation of the nucleoside-mononucleotide mixture. Also, a new slurry method for packing stable HPLC columns with a tightly consolidated, nonshrinkable bed of particles has been developed.
    Additional Material: 31 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070802
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    Gas chromatographic separation of sugars by on-column injection on glass capillary columns (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 558-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns, glass ; On-column injection ; Sugars ; Oligosaccharides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sugars were separated gas chromatographically on short apolar glass capillary columns by using cold, on-column injection (OCI) techniques. After silylation, oligomers up to the hexasaccharides could be efficiently separated in resonable retention times. Response factors of silylated sugars were determined as a function of varying sample amounts and concentrations. The optimum injection amount was found to be 1 μl in heptane as solvent.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071002
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  • 70
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    Non-suppressed ion chromatography of carbonate and nitrite on steel surfaces (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 580-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Ion chromatography, IC ; Steel surface analysis ; Carbonate, chloride, nitrite ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071008
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    Gas chromatographic determination of residual ethylene oxide in gas-sterilized, medical-grade plastics (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 587-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Packed glass columns ; Solvent extraction ; Plastics ; Ethylene oxide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071011
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    Comment on the paper “large sample injection method (≥ 100 μL) for capillary GC using a commercial thermodesorption unit as injection device” (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 597-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071015
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    Immobilization of stationary phase films by gamma radiation. Part 1. Nonpolar phases, regular and thick-film capillaries (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 620-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Glass capillary columns ; Immobilization ; Gamma radiation ; Very thick films ; Nonpolar stationary phases ; OV-1, OV-101, SE-54 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Borosilicate glass capillaries, silylated and coated with OV-1 or SE-54, were irradiated by a 60Co gamma source. The effect of radiation on chromatographic performance was determined for a series of dosages and was evaluated before and after rinsing with solvent. Results for both regular and thick films were obtained.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071104
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    Separation of arachidonic acid metabolites by thin-layer chromatography using new silicone-bonded plates (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 538-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Alkylchlorosilanes ; Prostaglandins ; Hydroxyelcosatetraenoic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070911
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    Rapid determination of major congeners in distilled spirits by direct analysis on bonded capillary columns (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 641-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Bonded stationary phase ; Distilled beverages ; Direct analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071111
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    Chromatography calendar (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 649-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071115
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    Separation of isomers of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 671-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Isomer separation ; Mutagenic compounds ; Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Since positional isomers of several nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) contain widely different mutagenic properties, methods for separating the isomers were investigated. High performance liquid chromatography with dichloromethane in hexane on silica gave the best resolution for the majority of the compounds. A few groups of isomers were better resolved with other modifiers or with reversed phases. Of the reversed phase systems, methanol-water gave better resolution than acetonitrile-water. With dichloromethane/hexane on silica, the retention was found to depend on the presence of a bay nitro group (first), the number of H atoms peri to the nitro group (second), and the length/breadth ratio of the molecule (third).Front electron density calculations were combined with the structure-retention relations in making tentative structure assignments of minor isomers of nitro-PAH.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071203
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    Immobilization of stationary phase films by gamma radiation. Part 2 medium-polarity OV-1701-Vi phase (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 700-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Immobilization ; 60Co gamma radiation ; Medium-polarity phase ; OV-1701-Vi ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071207
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  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapid method for quantitative analysis of lead sulfate in the manufacturing control of lead acid batteries (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 712-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Ion-Pair, reverse phase ; Sulfate analysis ; Lead acid batteries ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071212
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product news (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 719-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071215
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-column injection technique for use with 100 μm I.D. capillary columns (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 697-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns, 100 μm I.D. ; On-column injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071206
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supercritical fluid chromatography/diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 707-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Diffuse reflectance infrared spectrometry ; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry ; Spectrometry/chromatography interface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071210
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of volatile organic compounds in polymers by dynamic headspace and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Mass spectrometry ; Dynamic headspace ; Deans switching ; Cold trap ; Reinjection ; Polymers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An experimental method for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in polymers is described. The technique involves dynamic headspace sampling, collection, and concentration of the volatiles in a cold trap, followed by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectometry. Flow switching is carried out by the Deans switching technique. Four technical polymers used as pharmaceutical packaging materials have been analyzed in order to demonstrate the method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070403
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HPLC, mass spectrometry, and LC/MS of gossypol and its derivatives (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 196-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; LC/MS ; Mass spectrometry ; Field desorption ; Chemical ionization ; Gossypol ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conditions are reported for the reverse-phase HPLC analysis of gossypol and of some of its derivatives, including anhydrogossypol, gossypolone, gossypol hexaacetate, and Schiff's base derivatives. It is shown that field desorption (FD) and chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry have advantages over electron impact (EI) mass spectrometry for the characterization of these compounds and that combined high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), especially when used in the CI mode, is particularly effective.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070405
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of coupled columns for the capillary gas chromatographic separation of water pollutants (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 215-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Coupled columns ; Halogenated organic pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070410
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tswett medals 1984 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 225-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070414
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed micro-HPLC for analysis of polycaclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 218-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High-speed micro-HPLC ; Rapid Identification ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Environmental sample ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070411
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic mechanisms of coated porous polymers: Chromosorb 102 coated with squalane (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 222-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Interface ; Partition ; Adsorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070413
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contemporary capillary columns for gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 232-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070502
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of column technology in capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 252-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: After having witnessed, over a period of more than 20 years, the extremely difficult early development of capillary gas chromatography, the growth of scientific understandign, and finally its sudden blossoming into a commonly accepted technique, the author is confronted with a dichotomy. On the one hand, there are the dramatic advances in the fields of column preparation, and of sampling techniques. Implementation of these advances should logically result in correspondingly drastic progress in the average quality of application work in drastic progress in the average quality of application work in capillary gas chromatography. On the other hand, however, such progress is lacking. The greater the practical potential, the smaller the fractionm of that potential which is practically exploited. The reason is that most users interpret te recent advances as exempting them from their obligation to know and think about the many details of practical work, and to attempt standardized work with standard columns and techniques. Standardization of routine work is beneficial, provided the standards are optimized-a condition which all too often remains unfulfilled. Research work, performed in a realm of ever new and unknown conditions, is of poor quality when done by standardized means. Since the most critical part of optimization is column selection, the capillary column must be mastered as a familiar tool in the hands of the investigator. This is hardly possible in the absence of any direct contact with column technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070504
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of flurazepam and its hydroxyethyl and dealkyl metabolites by some packed and capillary ECD-GLC methods: Application to pharmacokinetic studies (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 258-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas-liquid chromatography ; Packed and capillary columns ; Plasma anaysis ; Pharmacokinetic studies ; Benzodiazepines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sensitive gas-liquid chromatographic assay was developed for plasma determinations of flurazepam (F), N1-desalkylflurazepam (DF), and N1-hydroxyethylflurazepam (HF). The internal standards used were delorazepam for F and DF and 1 ã-hydroxymidazolam for HF. Following extraction and derivatization for HF, these compounds were analyzed by ECD-GLC, using either glass packed columns (poly A 103 for F and DF, OV 225 for HF) or CP-Sil 5 capillary columns for DF and HF. The detection limit of the packed-column assay was approximately 3ng/ml for HF and DF, and 5ng/ml for F; with capillary GLC analysis, the sensitivity limit for HF and DF was lower than 1 ng/ml. These methods were used for pharmacokinetic investigations after i. v. administration of these compunds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070505
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HPLC in packed microbore flexible silica capillaries. Part 2: Estimation and calculation of extra-column band broadening (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 276-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC, Packed microbore columns ; Band broadening and flow rate ; Calculated van Deemter plot ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070510
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activated carbon fiber as stationary phase in gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 282-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070513
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product news (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 286-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070515
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Citation of books on chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 296-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070602
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large sample injection method (≥ 100 μL) for capillary GC using a commercial thermodesorption unit as injection device (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 306-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Thermodesorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A commercial thermodesorption and cold trap unit can be used as a large sample volume injection device in high resolution gas chromatography. Volumes of more than 100 μl can be injected. More than 97% of solvents, such as hexane, can be removed by a Tenax TA precolumn without any loss of compounds with volatilities comparable to naphthalene. Experimental conditions, recovery rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the reproducibility of the method are described in detail. The method was successfully applied for the determination of PAH in air particulate matter extracts.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070604
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supplementary comment on the paper “On the stability of polarity mixtures used in CGC” (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 333-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070610
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of dibenzothiophene oxides under gas chromatographic conditions (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 334-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused-Silica columns ; Thermal stability ; Dibenzothiophene oxides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070611
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overcoming background contamination in closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 340-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Sample preparation ; Closed loop stripping analysis ; Charcoal adsorbent filter ; Overcoming contamination ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070614
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography calendar (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 352-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070617
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