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  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (1,074)
  • 1972  (1,074)
  • Organic Chemistry  (646)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (428)
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Material
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (1,074)
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spektroskopisches Verhalten von organischen Schwefelverbindungen. VIV. Mitt.: K. DOERFFEL u. J. BRUNN, J. prakt. Chem. 312, 701 (1970).. Rotationsisomerie um die CS-Bindung bei Benzylalkylsulfiden (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 401-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In den Benzylalkylsulfiden wird die Lage der CS-Valenzschwingungen in den verschiedenen Konformationen durch die unterschiedliche Stärke der Nebenvalenzkräfte bestimmt.Die kleinen Wellenzahldifferenzen der CS-Valenzschwingungen von ≤20 cm-1 haben einmal ihre Ursache in der geringfügigen Veränderung der Nebenvalenzkräfte in den unterschiedlichen Formen, zum anderen in der schwachen Kopplung der CS-Valenzschwingungen mit anderen Schwingungen infolge der großen Masse des S-Atoms.Es liegen in ihrer Polarität wenig differenzierte Raumformen vor. Ihre Zahl und Stabilität wird im wesentlichen durch sterische Effekte bedingt.Als energieärmste Form muß man für die Benzylakylsulfide die Cs-Form, d. h. die ebene Zick-Zack-Struktur annehmen. Aus Modellbetrachtungen und aus der Intensitätsverteilung der CS-Valenzschwingungen ergibt sich weiterhin, daß in geradkettigen Verbindungen die Atomanordnung „auf Lücke“ erfolgt, während in i-PrS- und s-BuS-Verbindungen auch ekliptische Formen existieren können.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140304
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Sterische Hinderungen bei der thermischen Umlagerung von Verbindungen mit cis-Propenyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]hepten- und cis-Propenyl-bicyclo[2,2,2]octen-Struktur (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die endo-Konfiguration ist für die COPE-Umlagerung von 2-α-Alkenyl-bicyclo[2,2,1]-heptenen-(5) und 2-α-Alkenyl-bicyclo[2,2,2]octenen-(5) eine notwendige, aber keine hinreichende Voraussetzung. cis-Propenylgruppierungen in der Seitenkette der endo-Bicycloalkene verhindern die COPE-Umlagerung vollständig; an Stelle der COPE-Umlagerung wurde Retrodien-Spaltung beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140313
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molekülspektren und Elektronenstruktur von Monoamino-benzochinonen (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 525-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Elektronenstruktur von Monoamino-benzochinonen ist auf Grund von Kopplungseffekten zwischen je einem Polyen- und einem Polymethin-Strukturelement interpretierbar. Die Richtigkeit der Kopplungskonzeption wird durch UV-, IR- und NMR-spektroskopische Messungen und durch das reaktive Verhalten der Aminochinone bestätigt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140318
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Mehrparameterkorrelationen der kationischen Polymerisation von Vinylmonomeren (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 557-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden eine Reihe p-substituierter Styrole kationisch mit SnCl4 in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln polymerisiert. Die dilatometrisch ermittelten Bruttogeschwindigkeiten sowie die Molekulargewichte der Polymeren können als Zielgrößen einer Reaktion mit den Einflußgrößen auf die Elementarprozesse korreliert werden. Substituentenkonstanten, Lösungsmittelparameter und spektroskopische Daten liefern lineare Abhängigkeiten von den genannten Zielgrößen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140321
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroide aus Hyodesoxycholsäure: 6-Methyl-Steroide (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 592-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von 3α-Hydroxy-6-oxo-5β-cholansäuremethylester 1 mit Methylmagnesiumjodid wurden 6α, 24, 24-Trimethyl-5β-cholantriol-(3α, 6β, 24) 2a und 6β, 24, 24-Trimethyl-5β-cholantriol-(3α, 6α, 24) 3a im Verhältnis 4:1 erhalten, während bei der entsprechenden Grignardierung des 3α-Hydroxy-6-oxo-5α-cholansäuremethylesters 7 nur 6α, 24, 24-Trimethyl-5α-cholantriol-(3α, 6β, 24) 8a isoliert wurde. Die Eigenschaften weiterer 24, 24-Dimethylcarbinole werden angegeben. Für die Darstellung von 6α-Methyl-progesteron aus Hyodesoxycholsäure wurde 20, 20-Äthylendioxy-3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnanon-(6) 13 durch Grignardierung und Dehydratisierung in Derivate des 6-Methyl-pregnenolons 15 überführt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140324
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyridyl-formamidin-Derivate (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 627-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140328
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azomethine mit Stickstofflost-Gruppen. XII. Über die Reaktion von Estern der Cyanessigsäure mit p-Nitroso-N.N-bis-(β-chloräthyl)-anilin (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 649-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140332
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of 2-(1-Pentyl-4-one)-3-methyl-indole and Higher Homologues (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 669-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140336
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of some substituted salicylanilides of expected biological activity (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 727-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituted salicylanilides are prepared by condensation of phenyl salicylates with amines. Their phenylazo and amino derivatives are also obtained and their properties discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140505
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrazinverbindungen als Heterobestandteile in Peptiden. XV. Synthese von Eledoisin-Octapeptiden mit den Carbazylresten Azaglycin und α-Azaasparagin statt Glycin und Asparagin (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 759-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mit Hilfe aktivierter Ester von Azaglycin bzw. α-Azaasparaginpeptiden werden 5-Azasn-, 9-Azgly- und 5-Azasn-7-NHPhe-Eledoisin-Octapeptid 4-11Abkürzungen nach IUPAC-Information Bulletin Nr. 25, 32 (1966), vgl. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. physiol. Chem. 348, 256 (1967). Azasn = = α-Azaasparaginyl, Azgly = —NH—NH—CO— = Azaglycyl, NHPhe = α-Hydrazino-β-phenylpropionsäure; ONp = p-Nitrophenylester, OTcp = 2,4,5-Trichlorphenylester, TFA = Trifluoressigsäure. synthetisiert, ihre biologische Wirksamkeit geprüft und Betrachtungen zu ihrer Konformation angestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140508
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrazinverbindungen als Heterobestandteile in Peptiden. XVIXV. Mitt.: J. prakt. Chem. 314, 759 (1972), vorstehend.. Synthese von 9-Hydrazinoessigsäure-, 9-Azaglycin- und 5-α-Azaasparagin-OxytocinDie Ergebnisse wurden im Rahmen von Akademie-Abkommen zwischen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin und der Tschechoslovakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Prag am Institut für Pharmakologie der DAW und bei Studienaufenthalten von H. N. in der Abteilung Peptidsynthese des Institutes für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der CSAV, Prag, unter der Anleitung von Prof. Dr. J. RUDINGER erarbeitet. (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 769-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zur Untersuchung des Einflusses von Modifikationen der Polyamidkette auf die Konformation und die biologische Aktivität des Oxytocins wurden 9-NHGly-OT-, 9-Azgly-OT und 5-Azasn-OTAbkürzungen nach IUPAC-Information Bulletin Nr. 25, 32 (1966), vgl. a. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. physiol. Chem. 348, 256 (1967).NHGly.- = NH—NH—CH2—CO— = Hydrazinoacetyl- bzw. Hydrazinoessigsäure; Azgly- = NH—NH—CO— = Azaglycyl-; Azasn- = NH—N(CH2—CONH2)—CO— = α-Azaasparaginyl-; —OQCl = 5-Chlor-8-hydroxychinolinester; —N(Tos)Gly— = Nα-p-Toluolsulfonyl-hydrazinoacetyl- = NH—N(Tos)-CH2—CO—; APM = Aminopeptidase M; LAP = Leucinaminopeptidase; TFA = Trifluoressigsäure; OT = Oxytocin. synthetisiert. Zur Synthese des C-terminalen Hexapeptides wurden aktivierte Tripeptidester eingesetzt. Die 3 + 6-Azidsynthese erwies sich auch hier einer 6 + 3-Synthese überlegen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140509
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of Arylhydrazones of Some α-Cyanoketones with GRIGNARD Reagents (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 815-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The arylhydrazones of ethyl α-oxo-cyanoacetate 1a-e and the α-arylhydrazones of β-phenyl-α,β-diketopropionitrile 2a-e, react with GRIGNARD reagents at room temperature to yield the cyanocarbinols 3a-h. On the other hand, 1 and 2 react with phenylmagnesium bromide in refluxing ether-benzene mixture, to yield the imino derivatives 4a-d. 3a-e are dehydrated by hot acetic acid to yield compounds 5a-d. Similar treatment of 41-d affords the α-arylazo-β-phenylchalcones 6a-d which react with hydroxylamine to yield isoxazoline derivatives 7a-d.Treatment of 1b, d with ethereal diazomethane results in the formation of the N-methylarylhydrazones 8a, b.The arylhydrazono-malodinitriles 9 react with GRIGNARD reagents to yield the imino derivatives 10.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140515
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von optisch aktiven und racemischen 3-Alkyl-tetrahydrofuranen (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 840-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird eine allgemeine Herstellungsmethode von 2-Alkyl-1,4-butandiolen 3 und deren Umwandlung zu den entsprechenden 3-Alkyl-tetrahydrofuranen 6 beschrieben: Ausgangsprodukte sind die 2-Alkyl-allylalkohole 1, deren Hydroformylierung in Gegenwart von Rhodium-Katalysatoren praktisch isomerisierungsfrei verläuft. Die Darstellung von (+) (3S, 1′S)- und (-) (3R, 1′S)-3-(1′-Methylpropyl)-tetrahydrofuran 6 d erfolgt nach dem hier beschriebenen Verfahren; die optische Reinheit der beiden Diastereomeren 6 d wurde bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140519
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eu(DPM)3-induzierte Verschiebungen in den 1H-NMR-Spektren von vinylogen N,N-Dimethylformamiden (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 884-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der Einfluß von Eu(DPM)3-Zusätzen auf die 1H-NMR-chemischen Verschiebungen der Methyl- und der Methinprotonen von vinylogen N,N-Dimethylformamiden (einfache Merocyanine) der Formel (CH3)2N(CH)nO mit n = 1,3,5 und 7 wurde untersucht. Die Meßergebnisse können quantitativ mit Hilfe der Theorie der Pseudokontaktverschiebung wiedergegeben werden. Im untersuchten Konzentrationsbereich lagert sich der Europiumkomplex nur am Sauerstoffatom der Merocyaninkette an.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140524
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The STOBBE Condensation with Dimethyl Glutarate (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 915-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The condensation of some heterocyclic aldehydes with dimethyl glutarate in the presence of sodium hydride, gave predominantly the (E)-half esters 1a-1es. S. 916.. Some of the aldehydes also gave the α,γ-disubstituted glutaric acids 4a-4c, which were converted to the corresponding anhydrides 5a-5c.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140529
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung von N-Chlor-1,2,4-triazolen. Kinetik und Mechanismus der Umlagerung von 1-Chlor-1,2,4-triazol zu 3-Chlor-1,2,4-triazol (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 923-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Chlor-1,2,4-triazol 2a wird nach mehreren Varianten erstmalig dargestellt und seine Struktur IR- und NMR-spektroskopisch gesichert. 3-Methyl- und 3-Äthyl- 1,2,4-triazol liefern bei der Chlorierung Gemische von 1-Chlor-3-alkyl- und 1-Chlor-5-alkyl-1,2,4-triazol, in denen das letzte Derivat überwiegt, während 3-Phenyl- und 3-Chlor-1,2,4-triazol ausschließlich 1,3-Derivate ergeben. 1-Chlor-1,2,4-triazol 2a lagert sich beim Erhitzen in Wasser oder tert.-Butanol in hohen Ausbeuten in 3-Chlor-1,2,4-triazol 3a um. Die Reaktion gehorcht dem Geschwindigkeitsgesetz v = k [2a]2. Es wird bewiesen, daß 1-Chlor-1,2,4-triazol 2a das entscheidende Zwischenprodukt bei der Synthese von 3-Chlor-1,2,4-triazol 3a und 1,3-Dichlor-1,2,4-triazol 4a darstellt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140530
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  • 117
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    Reduction of Some 5-Acylthiazoles by sodium borohydride (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 961-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140536
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  • 118
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    Korrektur: Zur Struktur der „Methan-tris-phosphorylderivate“ (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 969-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die von uns kürzlich beschriebenen 3-kernigen P-Verbindungen [1] haben nicht die Struktur von Methan-tris-phosphorylverbindungen 2, sondern sind Phosphorylamide von α-Arylaminomethan-bis-phosphorylverbindungen 3. Die Struktur von 3 wurde u. a. mittels 31P- bzw. 13C-NMR-Messungen sichergestellt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19723140538
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  • 119
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    American Association of Anatomists eight fifth session (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 253-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720209
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  • 120
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    The survival and differentiation of embryonic lung tissues in diffusion chambers and in mammary fat pads of miceMost of this study was performed during a postdoctoral tenure in the laboratory of Dr. Richmond T. Prehn at the Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The work was supported in part by USPHS grants, CA-08856, CA-06927 and FR-05539, Society and by an appropriation from the Common-wealth of Pennsylvania. The author was supported by USPHS Training grant 5 T01 CA-5097.The skilled technical assistance of Miss Sylvia Couch is acknowledged. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The culturing of lung tissues in diffusion chambers in vivo has failed to support epithelial elements. The transplantation of lung rudiments into mammary fat pads of mice, however, has allowed long term culture (11 months) with complete differentiation of the explants.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720108
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  • 121
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    Fine structure of sinusoids and portal capillaries in the liver of the adult sheep and the newborn lamb (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 57-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In adult sheep, the hepatic sinusoids have an endothelial lining with numerous gaps and fenestrae and are surrounded by a complete basal lamina. In newborn lambs, the sinusoids have a relatively thick endothelium with fewer gaps, and the space of Disse contains a partially formed endothelial basal lamina. In both adult sheep and lambs, perisinusoidal cells appear to form a network around the sinusoid. In portal areas, the endothelium of the smaller capillaries is fenestrated, but the larger capillaries have unfenestrated walls and are enmeshed in processes of pericytes. Projections of endothelial cells partially or completely occlude the lumen of some portal capillaries, and of a large majority of sinusoids scattered throughout the lobule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720106
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  • 122
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    Effects of x-irradiation on lens regeneration in adult Triturus viridescensThis investigtion was supported by institutional grants IN-85 from the AMerican Cancer Society and RR-05423 from the U. S. Public Health Service. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lens regeneration was inhibited in adult Triturus v. with 1500 r of x-irradiation. Implants of irradiated or unirradiated segments of dorsal iris were then implanted into either irradiated or unirradiated eyes. When irradiated eyes received irradiated implants, only minor degrees of lens regeneration were seen from host and implant. Unirradiated eyes receiving unirradiated implants often formed two normal lenses, one from the host and one from the implant. Irradiated eyes receiving unirradiated implants usually formed one normal regenerate arising from the implant. Unirradiated eyes receiving irradiated implants usually formed only one normal regenerate, originating from the host. The results indicate that inhibition of lens regeneration by x-irradiation is due to effects solely on the iris, and that unirradiated neural retina, under the experimental conditions used, does not stimulate recovery of the regenerative ability of an irradiated iris. These results are discussed in relation to the question of neural-tissue-mediated recovery of regeneration systems from x-irradiation.
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    Role of chondrocytes and hydrocortisone in resorption of proximal fragment of Meckel's cartilage: An in vitro and in vivo studySupported by grant MA3803, awarded by the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 21-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The possibility that chondrocytes of the proximal fragment of Meckel's cartilage may participate in resorption of the extracellular substance of the cartilage and outlive its removal, has been investigated in vitro and in vivo. Mandibles from 18 day in utero mouse foetuses were cultured for 14 days on an an antibiotic-free chemically defined medium. When tested histochemically for acid phosphatase heavy deposits of reaction product were evident in cells in areas where resorption appeared to be occurring. When maintained on medium containing 1.0 μg/ml hydrocortisone, groups of chondrocytes hypertrophied and were reactive for acid phosphatase, and this was accompanied by loss of intervening extracellular substance. These changes were intensified by increasing the oxygen tension of the environment and by further supplementing the medium with 1.0 μg/ml triiodothyronine. Chondrocytes in the vicinity of sites of resorption could incorporate 3H-proline and 3H-thymidine. In vivo, chondrocytes in the vicinity of resorbing areas in two to three day post-partum animals were highly reactive for acid phosphatase, and could incorporate 3H-thymidine, 3H-proline, and 3H-uridine. These observations have been interpreted to suggest that resorption of the proximal fragment of Meckel's cartilage is not necessarily accompanied by death of the chondrocytes, and that the chondrocytes may participate in removal of the extracellular substance. Furthermore, the response of the chondrocytes of Meckel's cartilage to hydrocortisone in vitro appears to differ from the response that has been reported to occur in a number of other cells in vitro.
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    Possible division of cardiac mitochondria (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 309-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Numerous examples of partitioned mitochondria were present in cardiac muscle cells of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and canaries. The partitions, which usually bisected the mitochondria, consisted of two parallel membranes in direct continuity with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Some of these mitochondria showed varying degrees of constriction at the level of the partitions. In many partitioned organelles, the two sets of cristae on opposite sides of the septum were positioned at right angles to one another, so that if one set was seen in profile, the other appeared en face. This arrangement of cristae simplified the detection of partitioned mitochondria even at low magnifications.The number of mitochondria and the frequency of occurrence of partitioned mitochondria were considerably enhanced in heart muscle cells of some weanling mice by feeding them the copper-chelating agent, cuprizone. The mitochondria, both with and without partitions, were identical to those in untreated animals. Based on this and other experimental evidence, and by analogy with other organs, notably mammalian liver and insect fat body, it was concluded that partitioned cardiac mitochondria are in fact dividing.
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    Erratum (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 373-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730312
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  • 126
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    Immobilization and cartilage transformation into bone in the embryonic chick (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 391-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fate of the secondary cartilage present on the membrane bones of the embryonic chick has been studied after immobilization. Immobilization was achieved by the in vivo injection of paralysing drugs (tubocurare or decamethonium), by grafting membrane bones onto the chorioallantoic membrane, or by organ-culturing membrane bones in vitro. In all three situations the cartilage was transformed into a bone-like tissue, the matrix losing its acid muco-polysaccharide, accumulating collagen and undergoing calcification. The chondrocytes shrank in size, came to resemble osteoblasts (osteocytes) and acquired alkaline phosphatase activity.In normal development this cartilage is not transformed into bone but is partly replaced by bone and partly converted into a fibrocartilage which forms the definitive articular cartilage. Immobilization prevented this normal sequence.Past studies on the transformation of cartilage to bone are reviewed and are seen to be adaptations of a highly labile tissue to functional demands.
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    Crystal growth in rat incisor enamel (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 453-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The width and thickness of hydroxyapatite crystals and the crystal density at various stages of rat incisor amelogenesis were studied using electron microscopy. The cross-sectional profile of the crystals increased from 259 × 12.7 Å at the surface of the ameloblast to 454 × 249 Å in the completely mineralized enamel. In agreement with previous observations, many crystals had a regular, flattened hexagonal profile during the matrix formation stage. During enamel maturation, the crystals assumed more irregular surface contours, the crystals tending to adapt themselves to the available space. In completely mineralized enamel, the crystals were as irregular in shape as the crystals in human enamel, and they occupied around 85% of the volume. While the crystals at the onset of mineralization were separated by a distance of 120-150 Å, the crystals eventually became relatively closely packed, separated by a fine space only 10-25 Å in width. A lower number of crystals per unit cross-sectional area of the enamel prisms was observed in fully mineralized enamel as compared with the early stages of amelogenesis. Since evidence of fusion of crystals is lacking, the decrease in crystal density appears to result from swelling of the enamel prisms.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    Juxtaglomerular granular cells and nephron autoregulationSupported by Vermont Heart Association grant AG-65. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histological study of serially sectioned glomeruli in rat and mouse kidneys possessing different aggregates of juxtaglomerular granular cells has revealed that between 15 and 29% of glomeruli in control animals are not associated with these granular cells and that almost universal association occurs only when the granular cells are greatly increased. Thus, a significant number of nephrons in control rats are not continuously autoregulated through a local renin-angiotensin mechanism, assuming that a lack of granules is associated with a lack of synthesis and release of renin. This association between granular cells and glomeruli is usually greater in the outer half than in the inner half of the cortex regardless of the content of granular cells; although the difference is not as great as prior reports indicate. Stimuli which either increase or decrease granularity of juxtaglomerular cells produce a similar and parallel response in both cortical regions, suggesting that control or regulation of granular cells is the same in both areas. It further suggests that the reported difference in filtration rates between superficial and deep glomeruli following sodium loading and sodium deprivation is not mediated through a differential alteration of juxta-glomerular cell granularity. A linear regression equation was developed by which the per cent of all glomeruli associated with granular cells may be estimated from given mean juxtaglomerular granular cell indices (GCI).
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    The organization of dense projections in synapses of the brain of a marsupial, Setonix brachyurus (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 39-46 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Synaptic junctions from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the quokka brain have been examined by electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde fixation and PTA staining. Junctions can be divided into two groups: discontinuous-continuous and continuous-continuous, depending on the continuity or lack of it of the presynaptic membrane. The postsynaptic membrane always has a continuous appearance.The dense projections have the following characteristics: 1. an irregular outline due to the presence of spikes; 2. in some cases, an external electron-opaque “skin” and an internal, relatively electron-translucent core; 3. adjacent projections may have one or more stands of the presynaptic network between them and extending to the internal coat of the presynaptic membrane; 4. the gap between the bases of dense projections varies from 5 to 69 nm, with a mean value of 23 nm. Seventy-six percent of these measurements fall within the range 5-25 nm, while many of the larger gaps separating dense projections are subdivided into smaller components by the presence of one or more strands of the presynap-tic network.Features 2 and 3 have not been previously described in exactly the form seen here. It is not known whether they are confined to marsupial synapses or whether they highlight important general features of synaptic organization.
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740201
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    Electron microscopic observations on eosinophil leukocyte granules in dog blood (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The eosinophil granules of the dog have a dense matrix with or without a light peripheral rim. Lamellated crystalloids are demonstrated in their dense matrix. The lamellation consists of alternating dark and light bands resembling crystalloids of other species. The center to center distance between the consecutive dark bands measures approximately 107 Å. The crystalloids appear to take rather variable forms ranging from large, triangular to small, elongated or irregular shape.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740203
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    Surface patterns in the reproductive tracts of the rabbit observed by scanning electron microscopyThis investigation was supported in part by The Ford Foundation grant 710-0287. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 205-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of cell surface and tissue organization of reproductive tracts of female rabbits were observed by scanning electron microscopy. In the vagina, straight and shallow longitudinal folds were observed. Complex, very deep, narrow folds with small crypts were observed in the cervix uteri. Two types of cells were recognized: ciliated cells and secretory non-ciliated cells. The internal os area contained more ciliated cells than the external os area. In the uterus, two different patterns of fold formations were observed: shallow fold formation in a random direction or mosaic pattern in the lower part of the uterus, and wave-like folds in the middle or upper part of the uterus. The lower part of the uterus contained more ciliated cells than the mid and upper part of the uterus. At the uterotubal junction, four large folds and four small folds from the isthmus are projected into the uterine lumen forming a rosette-like structure. In the oviduct, longitudinal fold formations were observed through the isthmus to ampullae. The number of ciliated cells gradually increased from the isthmus to the ampullae. The fimbriae, made of several mucosal folds arranged like flower petals, were composed of a high percentage of ciliated cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740206
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    Ultrastructural studies on elastic fibers using enzymatic digestion of thin sectionsSupported by Public Health Service grant GM-114. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 71-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The enzymes elastase, chymotrypsin, pepsin, pronase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase were utilized on thin Epon sections to obtain further information on the nature of elastic fibers. Results showed that the central amorphous material was selectively removed by elastase and after hydrogen peroxide pretreatment it also was removed by chymotrypsin, pepsin and pronase. None of the enzymes removed the peripheral microfibrils, but pepsin did accentuate the density and periodic beading of these structures. The failure of proteases to remove the microfibrils under these conditions is discussed.
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    Histological and radiographic study of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in cynomolgus monkeys, Macaque Irus (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The spheno-occipital synchondroses of 20 cynomolgus monkeys have been examined histologically and radiographically. The findings by these two methods have been compared and correlated with the dental age of the monkeys. The radiographic examination was carried out on the isolated clivus region while serial sections were used for histological examination. Comparison of the synchondrosis by the two methods resulted in six disagreements when the synchondroses were classified as open, partly closed or closed. It is suggested that this difficulty is due to superimposition of shadows on the radiographs and small degrees of histological union not being recognised radiographically. It is further suggested that care should be taken in determining the age at closure when radiographs alone are used as the criterion. The dental age at initial closure appeared to vary widely in some cases occurring at an early mixed dentition stage and in others as late as the adolescent dentition. The closure of the synchondrosis was not related to the eruption time of any particular tooth. The pattern of closure did not conform to the classical type, i.e., from above downwards nor indeed was any consistent pattern revealed in either the radiographs or histological sections.
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    The specialized lingual papillae of Tachyglossus aculeatus I. Gross and light microscopic features (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 157-165 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The tongue of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus is divided structurally and functionally into two distinct parts; a free rostral portion covered by stratified squamous epithelium bearing filiform papillae and a fixed caudal portion formed by a trapezoidal pad which bears highly specialized keratinized spines. These spines are similar in their morphology to the horny teeth of the living cyclostome Myxine and the hard keratin of rat filiform papillae.The gross and light microscopic structure of the lingual spines is described and their use as a masticatory organ (by occlusion with a similar set of spines on the palate) is discussed in relation to the animal's diet and method of feeding.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720204
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    Epithelio-mesenchymal interactions in primordial gland structures which become responsive to androgenic stimulationAided in part by USPHS traineeship GM-94-11. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 179-195 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphogenetic tissue interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme of male accessory sexual gland primordia were investigated by standard culture methods. Seminal vesicle (SV), urogenital sinus (UGS), and preputial gland (PP) rudiments were excised from 13- to 19-day old embryonic mice. After tryptic-separation, the epithelium and mesenchyme of these rudiments were recombined into control (homotypic) and experimental (heterotypic) recombinants which were subsequently grown in the anterior chamber of the eye of adult male hosts.In recombinants composed of accessory sexual gland epithelium (SV, UGS, or PP) and urogenital gland mesenchyme (SV or UGS), the histotypic pattern of the recombinants reflected the source of the epithelium. Normal differentiation of SV, UGS, and PP epithelium occurred consistently when these epithelia were associated with SV or UGS mesenchyme. On the other hand, urogenital gland epithelium (SV or UGS) did not develop normally when associated with the integumentally-derived preputial gland mesenchyme. Instead, seminal vesicle epithelium was maintained as a columnar epithelium arranged in a simple tubular structure, while urogenital sinus epithelium formed a keratinized epithelium despite the presence of androgens. These data illustrate (1) the supportive properties common to urogenital mesenchyme, (2) the stability of accessory sexual gland epithelium, and (3) the lack of strict mesenchymal requirements of these epithelia. Furthermore, the data suggest that urogenital and integumental mesenchyme differ significantly in their ability to mediate hormonally-dependent developmental processes.
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    Quantitative studies of the deep petrosal nerve of the mouse with the electron microscope (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 483-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Quantitative counts of the deep petrosal nerve of the mouse with the electron microscope have shown that, on an average, 3,208 fibers of the total nerve fibers (3,209) are unmyelinated and only one fiber is myelinated. The unmyelinated fibers in the deep petrosal nerves ranged from 0.1 to 1.7 μ in minor diameters, 0.3-0.4 μ being most frequent (about 30% ), while their major diameters varied from 0.1 to 2.4 μ the majority being 0.4-0.7 μ (about 60% ).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720302
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    Muscle spindle distribution in snout musculature of the Japanese shrew-molePart of this paper was read at the Symposium of Morphology on Maxillomandibular Apparatus at the 9th International Congress of Anatomists, Leningrad, August 17-22, 1970. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 703-709 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This investigation was designed to provide the structural basis for snout-mandibular movement of insectivores. Muscle spindle distribution in the snout musculature of six Japanese shrew-moles was examined in serial cross sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and azan.Zygomaticus major, Levator labii superioris and Zygomaticus minor contain about 120 muscle spindles but Levator alae nasi superioris and inferioris have no spindles. The spindles are concentrated within the lower half of the musculature. The average of the spindle area of one muscle measured was about 0.1 mm2 and the extent the spindles were observed was 11 mm. The ratio of the spindle area to the muscle area was a maximum of 25% in the posterior one-third of the belly, 10% in the middle and 1% in the anterior.Since the facial muscles are considered either to be devoid of spindles or few in number, it is of considerable interest that the snout musculature is supplied by abundant muscle spindles. It also suggests that the delicate movements of the snout muscle might be under minute control of the proprioceptive mechanism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720409
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    The nuclear envelope in guinea pig spermiogenesis (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 45-55 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In early stages of flagellar development the nuclear envelope on either side of the implantation fossa develops numerous pores. With condensation of the nucleus the envelope becomes excessive and these annulated portions of the envelope are reflected off the surface of the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the neck. The evaginated nuclear membranes enclose a residual mass of nucleoplasm which remains after the rest of the nucleus has polymerized, indicating either a storage of previously synthesized substances or a reserve of metabolically active nucleoplasm which may serve for the continued development of flagellar structures. A portion of the evaginated envelope is differentiated from the rest in lacking annuli and having a consistent 150 Å-200ÅA cisternal space. This unannulated section differentiates in association with the adjunct of the proximal centriole and eventually surrounds the terminal end of the adjunct.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730104
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    Follicular histology and physiological correlates in the preovulatory hamster (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 95-107 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The surge in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) in the proestrous hamster begins at 1430 (Turgeon and Greenwald, '72) and this is followed by a sharp increase in follicular and interstitially derived progesterone at 1500 (Norman and Greenwald, '71). The purpose of the present study was to relate various histologic events in the ovary of the preovulatory hamster to these physiological changes, dating from the LH increase between 1430 and 1500. The earliest maturational changes in the oocyte occurred at 1600 as the nuclear membrane began to disappear, correlating with an increase in the number of pycnotic nuclei in the surrounding cumulus cells and an abrupt reduction in mitotic activity in the membrana granulosa. It is possible that the latter event is related to increased progesterone secretion by the follicle at 1500. The most rapid increase in follicular diameter occurred between 2000 and 2200 - five to seven hours after the LH surge and was accompanied by a pronounced stromal edema especially of the medullary portion of the ovary. During this same time period, meiosis proceeded to the metaphase stage and the cumulus cells began to disperse to form the corona radiata. Of the eight hours required for the first meiotic division, four to six hours are spent in metaphase. The majority of animals (75%) ovulated by 0100 and all animals ovulated by 0200. Therefore, ovulation occurred 10 to 11 hours after the LH surge at 1500.
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    Cartilage canals, their morphology and distributionSubmitted as Journal Paper 4527, Purdue Agricultural Experiment Station, Lafayette, Indiana. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 79-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The proximal humeral chondroepiphysis of newborn pups was shown to be well-vascularized by a series of segmentally distributed cartilage canals which varied from short unbranched channels to channels which coursed half-way across the epiphysis. Cartilage canals were observed to contain a muscular arteriole, venule, loose connective tissue and perivascular capillaries. The muscular arterioles originated from the dense perichondrial vascular network at regular intervals, coursed in the central portion of the cartilage canal, and terminated by dividing into a capillary glomerulus in the cartilaginous matrix.These glomeruli were observed to assume a wide variety of sizes and shapes reflecting the metabolic needs of the areas they served. The capillaries of the glomerulus recombined into a single venule which rejoined the perichondrium via the same channel as the parent arteriole. The loose connective tissue surrounding these vessels was rich in fibroblasts and macrophages and was continuous with that of the perichondrium.From the structural relationship of the cartilage canals and the articular surface, it was concluded that at birth the synovial fluid had little nutritional significance for the epiphysis, but with age the nutritional contribution from the synovial fluid became more important.The particular arrangement of the venule and the perivascular capillaries allowed for metabolic exchange the entire length of the canal. Structures which appeared to be unmyelinated nerves and structures which contained a flocculent material and resembled lymphatics were seen in the connective tissue of the cartilage canals.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Electromyography of sartorius muscle (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sartorius muscle of ten normal subjects was studied by elec-tromyography. It is most active during flexion of the hip and only slightly active during lateral rotation and abduction of the hip. The muscle is usually more active during knee flexion than during extension, but this is not universal. Apparently in some persons it plays a role in knee extension in addition to its knee flexion action, depending on knee position and variations in insertion. Sartorius appears to be a regulator in hip flexion and lateral rotation during the swing phase of gait.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730201
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  • 143
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    The effects of high altitude on the reproductive cycle and pregnancy in the hamsterThe Research was supported by Grant HD04969 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.The author is deeply indebted to Mrs. Carol Pehoushek for assistance with all phases of Tis Studey. Technical assistance was also provided by Mrs. Ilona Ormsby, Mr. Albert Lamperti, and Miss Nancy Adams. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 157-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mature female golden hamsters, which had demonstrated regular reproductive cycles, when exposed to 23,000 feet simulated altitude for eight or more days became acyclic. Their ovaries, which were polyfollicular, suggested that LH release or synthesis by the hypophysis had been blocked. Human chori-onic gonadotrophin (which has LH activity) caused similarly exposed animals to ovulate. When animals which were exposed to high altitude for nine days were returned to control altitude, they ovulated five days later. Starvation for nine days, which has no significant effect on adrenal weight but does cause increased LH dependent ovarian interstitial development at control altitude, failed to do so at 23,000 feet. It is hypothesized that high altitude selectively blocks LH secretions by the hypophysis.High altitude also interrupted pregnancy when treatment lasted four or more days and was begun before day 12. Since follicular development of pregnancy continued normally but corpora lutea regressed and both FSH and prolactin are needed to maintain the hamster corpus luteum, this study suggests the possibility that prolactin secretion is blocked in the pregnant animal at high altitude.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730205
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  • 144
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    Support of normal salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchyme derived from accessory sexual glands of embryonic miceAided in part by USPHS Traineeship GM-94-11. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mesenchymal specificity of epithelium from the submandibular salivary gland of embryonic mice was re-investigated employing standard epithelio-mesenchymal separation and recombination techniques. For this purpose, tissue recombinants were constructed with epithelium and mesenchyme of the submandibular salivary gland and the seminal vesicle, preputial gland, and urogenital sinus. Salivary glands were dissected from 13-day and the accessory sexual glands from 13- to 19-day old embryos. Tissue recombinants were grown for two to three weeks in the anterior chamber of the eye of adult male hosts.Mesenchyme from accessory sexual glands supported the growth, branching, and differentiation of epithelium from the salivary gland. After three weeks of intraocular growth, most of these heterotypic recombinants were indistinguishable from intraocular grafts of this gland. However, recombinants constructed with mesenchyme from the urogenital sinus or preputial gland exhibited an age dependent developmental response. Mesenchyme from 15- to 16-day old embryos supported normal morphogenesis of the salivary gland, whereas atypical epithelial differentiation occurred when 13- or 14-day old mesenchyme was employed. On the other hand, the reciprocal recombinants composed of mesenchyme from the salivary gland and epithelium derived from accessory sexual glands resulted in abortive epithelial differentiation regardless of the age of the tissues. These results suggest that the mesenchymal specificity of epithelium from the salivary gland may be related to the morphogenetic sensitivity of the heterotypic mesenchyme to androgens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730209
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  • 145
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    Effects of estrogen on the transition zone of the mouse uterine cervixSupported by PHS Research grant RR-00165 from NIH. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histologic changes in the region of the squamocolumnar junction of the uterine cervix in ovariectomized C3H/HeJ mice were studied at 6-12 hour intervals after the injection of 2.3μg estradiol benzoate. Mitotic activity, especially in the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelium, increased as time elapsed after estrogen administration and produced a concomitant increase in stratification of squamous epithelium; some mitotic activity was present in the uterine columnar epithelium throughout the period of observation. The histologic character of the squamocolumnar junction changed from gradual transition to an abrupt demarcation, as in intact mice during the estrous cycle. Subcolumnar cells in the transition zone of untreated animals formed a unilayered reticulum which after estrogen injection developed into a reticulum of stratified squamous epithelium. Extensions of stratified epithelium which develop during chronic estrogen treatment apparently develop from the stratified reticulum. There was no evidence to indicate any contribution of metaplasia to estrogen-induced epidermization.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730214
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  • 146
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    Transmission of an ‘osteogenic message’ through intact bone after woundingThis investigation was supported by grant MA38(1)3 to A.H.M. and by an Undergraduate Summer StLdent Scholarship to G.E.A., both awarded by the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Wounds ˜ 1 mm wide were made in the middle third of the spine in both scapulae of 25 middle-aged Wistar-strain rats weighing ˜ 500 gm. Wounding of the body of the scapula was avoided. Some of the animals were injected with tetracycline, and sections from their scapulae were viewed in ultraviolet light. After one or more weeks of healing, bony callus was deposited on the dorsal surface of the blade of the scapulae in the vicinity of the wounds. Discrete deposits of bony callus were also deposited on the corresponding costal surface of the blade of the scapulae. These deposits, which were in no way connected with those on the dorsal surface, did not exhibit continuity with the wound in the spine. This observation has been interpreted as suggesting the passage of an ‘osteogenic message,’ whose nature can only be guessed, from the vicinity of the wound on the dorsal surface of the scapula to the corresponding costal surface. Lacunae of osteocytes in the scapulae, lying deep to periosteal and endosteal callus, fluoresced. This suggests that these osteocytes were activated by the trauma, and deposited mineral salts on the walls of their lacunae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730303
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  • 147
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    Causes of the zonal distribution of glycogen in the liver acinus after a fat-rich diet. I. Glycogen deposition in the acini of rat livers during ‘normal’ ‘reversed’ perfusion (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Different acinar glycogen patterns are observed in rat liver after different diets. Experiments were carried out to determine if these patterns depend on the concentration of blood glucose in the various zones of the acinus or on the direction of the blood flow. It is possible to investigate this problem by reversal of blood flow in a perfusion apparatus. Livers were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution, the same volume of bovine erythrocytes, and 379 mg% glucose, 2.5% albumin and different quantities of heparin. Perfusion in the normal direction is possible through the vena porta and in the reversed direction by perfusing through the vena cava. The reported results show that glycogen localization depends on the acinar enzyme pattern for glycogen synthesis rather than the direction of blood flow.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730307
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  • 148
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    Proprioceptive afferents in facial nerves of some insectivoresRead at the 76th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association of Anatomists, Tokyo, April 3-4, 1971. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 353-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fiber-caliber analysis of the facial nerve was made in the Japanese lesser shrew-mole and the Japanese shrew-mole possessing muscle spindles in the snout muscles and in the shinto shrew with no spindles. Using an enlarged photographic scale (× 250) prepared from the object-micrometer (1/100 mm), the measurement of the fiber-caliber was made on the enlarged photograph (× 1250) of the cross paraffin section treated with a modified myelin-sheath staining procedure by Pettersen et al. ('70). The facial nerves of the shrew-moles contained fibres of 1 to 10 μ in diameter, while the facial nerve of the shrew consisted of fibers of 1 to 6 μ The spectra of the former have a slight bimodality with the highest peak at 2 μ and smaller one at 6 μ. The spectrum of the latter has a unimodality with a greater peak at 2 μ. Each peak revealed a log-normal distribution curve. Statistically, it can be said that there is a significant difference in the caliber-spectra between the facial nerves supplying the snout muscles with muscle spindles and without spindles.For testing whether the skew of the spectrum can be the result of a truly bi-modal distribution, the left facial nerve of the Japanese shrew-moles was cut at the site beneath the auditory capsule. Complete degeneration of spindle innervation in the snout muscles was observed histologically in animals seven days after operation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730310
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    Evidence of cell damage in rat salivary glands after isoproterenolThis research was supported in large part by the following grants from National Institutes of Health: 5-Ti-GH-326, 1-Fl-GM-32,528-01 and AM-10956. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 437-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Isoproterenol, which stimulates cell replication in rat salivary gland acinar cells also produces cytoplasmic disruption in these cells, although there is apparently little resultant cell death. Evidence of cell damage includes loss of cytoplasmic density, vesiculation of endoplasmic reticulum, appearance of large lipid droplets within cells, and invasion of the epithelium by lymphoid elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730405
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  • 150
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    Tissue cholesterol preservation: Factors associated with retention of cholesterol in rat sciatic nerve fixed for electron microscopySupported by grant AM09432 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The retention of cholesterol in rat sciatic nerve fixed in glutaraldehyde-digitonin was investigated. Maximal retention ( 〉85% ) was achieved after fixation at room temperature, post-fixation in OsO4, and dehydration in an ethanol series, 60, 80, 95, 100% (2 changes), five minutes per change. Fixing in the cold, increasing the dehydration time, changing from ethanol to acetone, or reducing the concentration of digitonin from 0.2% to 0.02%, resulted in a decrease in cholesterol retained. The greatest loss of cholesterol was found in the two changes of absolute ethanol, and therefore we recommend dehydration through 95% ethanol, followed by infiltration and embedding according to the procedure of Idelman ('64).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730409
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  • 151
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    Cell division in normal and neoplastic mammary gland tissue in the rat (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mitotic rates of epithelial cells in Sprague-Dawley rat mammary glands were investigated in the virgin rat, and during pregnancy, lactation and involution. In addition, rates of cell division were determined in mammary gland neoplasms induced by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The mammary gland epithelium of the virgin rat exhibited a slight but continuous mitotic activity through all phases of the estrous cycle, indicating a low rate of cell renewal. During pregnancy the rate increased markedly, attaining a peak on the twelfth day. The rates of mitosis declined during lactation and involution. The majority of DMBA induced mammary gland neoplasms exhibited mitotic rates lower than the normal mammary gland during pregnancy.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740102
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    Proceedings of the Americal Association of Anatomists, Eight-fifth Meeting (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 47-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740106
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  • 153
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    Anatomical observations on the arterial supply to the lumbosacral spinal cord of the catSupported by USPHS grants NS 03019 and 01143. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 421-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pattern of arterial supply to the cat's lumbosacral spinal cord was examined in a dozen latex-injected specimens with a view to determining what precautions might be taken in the procedure of rhizotomy to minimize embarrassment of the cord's circulation. The single ventral spinal artery was found to receive on an average 4.1 significant radicular contributions, of which one or two arteries at the fourth or third lumbar levels on the left were invariably of especially large size. Equal numbers, about six to eight, of contributions to the two dorsolateral arterial trunks were present. Anastomotic channels greater than 50 m̈ in diameter were rather poorly developed between dorsolateral and ventral arterial channels, especially across the middorsum. The dorsal radicular artery in 82 of 97 roots examined was seen to pierce the ventral root in order to reach a position along the ventral aspect of the dorsal root. In most cases this penetration occurred central to the ganglion. The bearing of this feature on reported differences in behavioral effects from rhizotomy by intradural section and by ganglionectomy is discussed, as well as other aspects of the effect of rhizotomy on cord criculation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740403
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  • 154
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    The fine structure of subarachnoid macrophages in the ratThis study was supported by grant NS 09363, United States Public Health Service. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 469-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Macrophages associated with the subarachnoid space have fine structural characteristics which distinguish them from macrophages found elsewhere. The specific location of a macrophage in this area influences its morphology. Macrophages found in the subarachnoid space characteristically have a highly vacuolated cytoplasm. When cells of the pia mater separate the macro-phage from the subarachnoid space, the extreme vacuolization is not present and a more compact cytoplasm prevails. Frequently macrophages found in the median longitudinal fissure contain compound reticulated inclusions. Extracellular bodies resembling compound reticulated inclusions have been observed.The presence of lobulated nuclei, lysosome-like inclusions, phagosomes, and other characteristics of these cells is reported. The possible origin and function of subarachnoid space macrophages is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740406
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    Electron microscopic studies on fate of erythroblast ribosomesThis investigation was supported by U. S. Public Health Service grant 5 R01 AM 11784-05 through the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 513-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopic observations are reported which demonstrate that ribosomes are extruded during the final stages of maturation in erythroid cells of rats and guinea pigs. Concentration of ribosomes in the cytoplasm, formation of a membrane bounded vesicle containing these ribosomes and extrusion of the vesicle are described and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740410
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    The nuclear envelope: Its breakdown and fate in mammalian oogonia and oocytesThis study was supported by grants from the Ford Foundation and USPHS grants HD-03752, HD-24170, GM-15253 and GM-16598 from the National Institutes of Health. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 325-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The dissolution of the nuclear envelope (NE) has been studied ultrastructurally in mouse oocytes maturing in vitro. NE breakdown begins with the undulation of the nuclear envelope followed by the disappearance of nuclear pores. Subsequently, extensive NE convolutions, possibly caused by impinging microtubules, result in the apposition of adjacent NE segments, the appearance of breaks and the formation of NE doublets. Doublets may also be formed by the apposition of intranuclear cisternae to the inner leaflet of the NE. Nuclear envelope breakdown in mouse oocytes takes approximately three and one-half hours in vitro.The fate of the resulting nuclear envelope fragments has been followed in both mouse oocytes and human oogonia. In the mouse, NE doublets separate into individual cisternae, indistinguishable from endoplasmic reticulum, by the time of the first meiotic metaphase. A different fate for NE doublets is suggested in human oogonia which retain NE doublets throughout the division cycle. The nuclear envelope of the daughter cells reforms, at least in part, from NE doublets by separation of the apposed cisternae into single units and the re-establishment of chromosomal contact. Thus, at least some of the NE appears to be conserved in actively dividing human oogonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740305
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    Correlation of vascularity with mineralization in human fetal teethThis research was done in the Dental Research Facility of the Veterans Administration Hospital, Denver, Colorado and supported in part by funds from Research Support grant 336. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 371-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The qualitative relationship of dental vascularity to mineralization of dentin and enamel was studied in 50 normal human fetuses 11.5 to 18 weeks of age, obtained unembalmed within 12-24 hours after abortion. A 50-50 suspension of India ink and 10% neutral formalin was injected manually into the umbilical vein (intact fetuses) or internal carotid arteries (autopsied fetuses), using sufficient pressure on the syringe to fill but not rupture nor overdistend the blood vessels. After immersion of the injected fetuses in 10% neutral formalin for three to five days, the maxillae and mandibles were removed and stained with alizarin red S for identification of calcium salts. Under magnification the dental sacs were exposed, removed intact and opened to observe: (1) the dental papilla, (2) its size and vascularity, and (3) the extent of mineralization of the crowns and cusps. Macroscopic preparations and microscopic sections were made of selected tissues from these specimens. The degree of mineralization appeared to be correlated more closely with the vascularity of the dental papilla than with the total size of the dental sacs, or that of the cusps or crowns. Blood vessels were present at the peripheral edge of both the developing enamel and dentin but no blood vessels were found to traverse the stellate reticulum nor were any blood cells found within it normally; whereas if abnormal pressure had been applied to the fetus or if the specimens were undergoing maceration, blood cells were observed within the stellate reticulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740308
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    A scanning electron microscopic study of the ependymal surface of the third ventricle of the rabbit, rat, mouse and human brainReported in part at the Eight-fifth Session of the American Association of Anatomists, April, 1972. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 407-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In all species studied, the upper two-thirds of the third ventricle is lined by ependymal cells with a profusion of long cilia that extend into the lumen. In the rabbit, rat, and mouse, an abrupt transition to a sparsely ciliated ependymal surface occurs along the lower one-third of the ventricular wall, at the level of the underlying ventromedial (VM) nucleus. Unique to the rat transition zone however, is a predominance of microvilli. In the human, a subtle transition to a sparsely ciliated ependymal surface occurs somewhat higher at about the level of the underlying dorsomedial (DM) nucleus. Along the upper expanse of the rabbit infundibular recess (IR) ciliary bundles are infrequent, although occasional solitary cilia are seen. The characteristic features of this region, however, are the non-ciliated ependymal cells with their many irregular bleb or microvilli-like surface protrusions. In contrast to the rabbit, the same region in the rat and mouse is distinguished by an irregular ependymal surface with stout bleb-like protrusions and many single cilia. Similarly in the human, cilia become progressively fewer toward the IR. Although the non-ciliated epen-dymal surface in this region resembles that of the rabbit, the surface blebs and microvilli-like protrusions are fewer in number and less prominent. The lateral walls of the third ventricle display a consistent regional variation in the morphology of the luminal ependymal surface in all species studied. Although it is not possible to establish unequivocally the nature or significance of these regional differences, the structural modifications of the ependymal surface in the region of the IR are entirely consistent with the secretory or absorptive function attributed to ependyma in this area.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740402
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    A comparison of a systematic sampling method with complete random sampling for estimating total numbers of nerve fibers (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper considers the sampling precision of a systematic sampling method for estimating total number of nerve fibers exposed on cross section of a nerve trunk. The mean square error (MSE) associated with systematically selecting every Kth grid square (traversing the section in a serpentine pattern) was determined in each of nine nerve fiber populations and compared to the MSE obtained using a completely random selection of grid squares.For both sampling methods sampling errors of approximately 10% could be achieved by counting in 10% (K = 10) of the available grid squares. To reduce the MSE to 5% or less necessitated, for both methods, counting approximately 50% (K = 2) of the cross sectional area.Although the results of this investigation are based on the study of but one class of nerve fiber population (cervical sympathetic nerve trunks), the authors believe that certain of the results will have practical application in similar quantitative studies. More important, it is hoped that this study will motivate further investigations into the precision of sampling methods currently employed (and others which may be proposed) in the quantitative study of the nervous system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740408
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    Integrated actions of the four heads of quadriceps femoris: An electromyographic study (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: From intramuscular bipolar fine-wire electrodes in the four heads of quadriceps femoris, electromyographic recordings were made (along with electrogoniometric records) in nine normal men and women during selected postures and movements of the loaded and unloaded knee. Variation between the onset and cessation of activity between the four heads and from subject to subject was found, but the vastus medialis reflected the general pattern of activity rather than acting only terminally during extension. Rectus femoris had the shortest span of activity during extension of the knee.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720102
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  • 161
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    Fine structure of a fifth type of epithelial cell in the thyroid gland of the C3H mouse (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new cell with relatively little cytoplasm has been identified in the second kind of follicle in the C3H mouse thyroid gland. It has as ultrastructural characteristics the presence of clusters of fiber in the cytoplasm, vesicles near the basal plasma membrane, and half desmosomes in the basal plasma membrane. It resembles the U cell found in the ultimobranchial follicle of the Fischer rat thyroid, but has a somewhat larger amount of granular reticulum. It is found in the follicle wall between other epithelial cells and the basement membrane, but occasionally is in contact with the lumen. It also occurs as a double layer in the follicle wall. Cell debris in the lumen of the follicle contains fibrils and may be the result of desquamation of this fibril-containing cell.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720104
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  • 162
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    The trigeminal nerve in the baboonSupported by National Institutes of Heatlh grant FR-5376 and the Edward G. Schlieder Educational Foundation (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 511-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The definitive course, relations, branches and communications of the extramedullary part of the trigeminal nerve in baboons are described and illustrated. The nerve was dissected in five animals and the location of all related parasympathetic ganglia was verified microscopically. Variable branching patterns were observed in some areas of the nerve field. Comparisons are made with other primates including man.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720305
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  • 163
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    Temporary lobulation in cartilagenous models of long bonesSupported in part by N.I.H. grant AM-10507. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 523-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vascular patterns and the vertical zones of maturing cartilage cells are arranged in geometric radiations. This lobular arrangement reflects a distribution of cells and matrix of differing maturity; those cells and matrix closest to the collagenous wall of the vascularized canal are maintained in an immature state longer than those located toward the periphery of the lobule. This configuration suggests a relationship between the oxygenation of cartilage, its maturity, and its ossification. Arteries in the cartilage canal frequently are destined to become the arteries located within themarrow cavity of mature bones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720306
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  • 164
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    Stimulation of DNA synthesis in mammalian cell cultures by receptor-destroying enzyme and neuraminidaseThis paper was presented in part at the eighty fourth annual session of the American Association of Anatomists, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 20, 1971.Supported by General Research Support Funds 535-951-08 and Temple University grant-in-224. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 551-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) and purified neuraminidase (V. cholerae) were added in varying concentrations to cultures of L929 fibro-blasts, HeLa cells and FL amnion cells. After 96 hours incubation at 36oC, RDE was found to enhance the growth of L929 fibroblasts and FL amnion cells, as measured spectrophotometrically by total DNA synthesis. Neuraminidase was found to stimulate growth in the three cell lines, using the same method of DNA determination. Neuraminidase, moreover, significantly increased the mitotic indices of the three cell lines after 72 hours incubation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720309
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  • 165
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    The ultrastructure of neonatal calf intestine and absorption of heterologous proteins (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 559-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructural morphology of the jejunal and ileal cells of newborn calves was similar to the intestinal absorptive cells of other newborn ungulates. Microvilli were well developed, tubules or invaginations in the apical cytoplasm were extensive. Large supranuclear vacuoles were limited to the ileal cells. After injection of ferritin-IgG or ferritin into ligated intestinal loops, the ferritin particles were found around the microvilli and within the tubular system. After 2-6 hours ileal vacuoles containing ferritin were found near the basal membrane. In the jejunal cell ferritin was found only in the tubules. No ferritin could be detected in calf sera after injection into the intestinal loops. To establish that heterologous proteins were absorbed, calves were given human serum via stomach tube and their sera subsequently was found to contain circulating levels of human albumin and gamma globulin. Also newborn pigs and suckling rats also were given ferritin; but it could not be detected in their sera. The results of these experiments suggest that while the neonatal intestine is permeable to some het-erologous proteins, ferritin is not transported across the absorptive cell into the circulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720310
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  • 166
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    Studies of human adipose tissue in culture I. Incorporation of glucose and release of glycerol (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 597-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Explants of human adipose tissue were incubated in Parker's medium 199 and the rates of glucose incorporation into the lipids and release of glycerol determined. Both of these parameters increased in a linear fashion for about seven to eight days. After this period of time there was a decrease in the metabolic rates of explants with a mean cell size larger than about 90-95 μm. The incorporation of glucose into the lipids was mainly recovered in the glycerol moiety of the triglycerides. Cellular enlargement was associated with an increase in glucose incorporation as well as glycerol release, i.e., an increased turnover of the glyceride-glycerol. Addition of insulin increased the incorporation of label into the lipids. The stimulatory effect of a single dose of insulin was pronounced for two days and was only slightly discernible after 14 days. Addition of the enzyme inhibitor iodoacetate at a concentration of 10-4 M reduced the incorporation of glucose to about 5% of the controls. The method of tissue culture used in the present investigation may be a useful tool for metabolic as well as morphologic studies of human adipose tissue in vitro.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Ultrastructural changes in the ependymal lining of the median eminence following the intraventricular administration of catecholamineSupported in part by HEW-NIH grant 5 S01-RR05356-09.Supported in part by HEW-NIH grant NB 01162 and The Ford Foundatiion. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Changes in the ependymal surfaces of the floor of the third ventricle and lateral recess have been studied in male rats by electron microscopy after the intraventricular administration of epinephrine or dopamine. In control rats the floor of the third ventricle has essentially a smooth contour interrupted only by occasional bleb-like protrusions or microvilli. In the floor of the lateral recess this surface gradually becomes more irregular due to the appearance of increased surface modifications. A further increase in the number of complexly-folded microvilli, pinocytotic vacuoles and coated vesicles occurs on the epen-dymal surface of the roof of the lateral recess and adjacent ependyma. These morphological findings are consistent with the concept that the ependymal cells of the lateral recess may serve as important sites for the absorption of materials from the CSF.Increased numbers of bleb-like protrusions were observed on the ependymal surface of the floor of the third ventricle five minutes after the intraventricular administration of either epinephrine or dopamine. The ependymal surface of the roof of the lateral recess also showed bleb-like protrusions and a complexly-folded microvillus border. Fifteen minutes after either the epinephrine or dopa-mine administration all of the ependymal surfaces studied appeared as in control rats. The increase in bleb-like protrusions noted in the floor of the third ventricle after the injection of epinephrine or dopamine are suggestive of a secretory process rather than a manifestation of an absorptive function in this region.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720404
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    The shearing properties of single osteonsThis work was supported by the grant no. 69.02080 of the National Research Council of Italy. A paper reporting the partial and preliminary results of this investigation was presented at the Eighth European Symposium on Calcified Tissues held in Jerusalem, Israel, on March 28-April 3, 1971. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 499-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The shearing strength of single human osteons has been investigated using a microtesting machine equipped with a microwave micrometer. The results Were related to the degree of calcification and the orientation of collagen fiber bundles in successive lamellae of the osteons. The following conclusions were made: (1) Osteons having a marked longitudinal spiral course of fiber bundles in successive lamellae are least able to support shearing stress. This suggests that in the other types of osteon the compactness of bone is strengthened by the lamellae having marked transversal spiral course of the fiber bundles. (2)Ultimate shearing strength and modulus of elasticity of osteons increase as calcification proceeds. (3) The shearing strength of single osteons is markedly lower than the tensile and compressive strength for samples of the same type. (4) In osteons loaded along their axis the range of elastic deformation is barely more than 1% of the length of the sample. (5) With the technical procedure used in this investigation the shearing of osteons appears to be preferentially related to the lamellar structure. In osteons loaded excentrically the portions which have slipped out have a rather irregular shape and in many cases one or two fractures occur. (6) The resistance to shearing of the cementing substance at the boundaries of the osteon may be greater than the resistance of the osteon itself.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720304
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  • 169
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    On the presence of mononuclear leucocytes in dorsal root ganglia following transection of the sciatic nerveSupported by USPHS grant NS 08949. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 581-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To label circulating blood mononuclear cells, adult male mice were given multiple injections of tritiated thymidine on the day prior to transection of the right sciatic nerve. These animals and uninjured controls that received a similar sequence of tritiated thymidine injections were sacrificed at intervals up to 64 days following the injury. In the dorsal root ganglia associated with the injured sciatic nerves there were more satellite cells per neuron at all time intervals after the first day than were in the ganglia from the uninjured nerves. The percentage of satellite cells that were labeled was also higher in the ganglia from the injured nerves at all times after injury except the first day. Because no tritiated thymidine should have been available at the time of injury or afterward to label cells proliferating in response to the injury, most of the labeled cells in these ganglia must have been cells labeled before the injury or must be derived from such cells through division. The only large population of labeled cells available to the ganglion was that of the labeled blood mononuclear leucocytes, and the increase in number of labeled cells in the injured ganglia is attributed to infiltration of these cells.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720311
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  • 170
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    Filamentous and matrix components of skeletal muscle Z-disks (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 623-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structural appearance of Z-disk lattices in vertebrate skeletal “fast” muscle varies depending upon whether osmium or glutaraldehyde has been employed as the primary fixative. Prior investigators have attributed the differences to change in the extent of actin filament overlap within the Z-disk and/or to rearrangement of Z-disk filaments.Adult frog and young newt “fast” muscle has been studied under various degrees of stretch, with several different aldehyde and osmium fixation procedures, and after plastic section digestion techniques utilizing Pronase or pepsin. Serial cross sections of Z-disks were correlated with oriented cross and longitudinal sections. Fixation with collidine-buffered osmium and veronal acetate-buffered glutaraldehyde seems to provide the greatest and most distinctly contrasting differences. A consistently arranged phase, the filamentous lattice, can be discerned after either fixation. However, a second phase, termed “Z-disk matrix,” appears variable, perhaps due to extraction during primary osmium fixation procedures. Glutaraldehyde-fixed frog muscle Z-disks display a copious matrix, one which is seldom totally depleted by osmium fixation. In young newt muscle Z-disks, little matrix is present after glutaraldehyde fixation and none of it remains after primary osmium. In Z-disks fixed by either method, matrix that is retained appears to be deposited in lattice-like patterns. It is suggested that these matrix patterns, or their loss, are the basis for the varying images of Z-disks observed under diferent fixation conditions and that the filamentous lattice is relatively stable. The Z-disk is more rapidly obliterated by Pronase or pepsin digestion than is any other muscle component, including actin (which appears notably unreactive). The rapid digestion effect is limited to the region postulated to include the matrix phase. Models for the structural interrelationship of filamentous and matrix phases are discussed and compared to prior Z-disk models.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720403
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  • 171
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    Inclusion bodies of the epithelium of the urinary bladder in the rhesus monkey (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 651-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Inclusion bodies observed by light microscopy in the superficial epithelial cells of the urinary bladder of the rhesus monkey have been examined by electron microscopy. The inclusions varied from focal aggregates of fibrils in their least differentiated form to mature, paranuclear inclusion bodies 3 × 5 μ in size composed of orderly arranged fibrillar structures. The fibrils comprising the inclusions were indistinguishable from cytoplasmic tonofilaments. The significance of the inclusions remains obscure in the absence of known physiologic alteration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720405
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    The diffuse labyrinthine endotheliodichorial placenta of the free-tail Bat: A light and electron microscopic studyThis investigation was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Child Health and Human Development, gratn HD 03391-02. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 221-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In Tadarida, the diffuse endotheliodichorial placenta is established over the parietal area of the uterus and is prominent, for an extended period of time during midgestation, both prior to and during the development of the definitive discoidal structure. A transitory yolk sac placenta precedes the establishment of the diffuse placenta. The tissues of the yolk sac are displaced from the trophoblast through collapse, and by the advance of the allantoic mesoderm. Allantoic vessels infiltrate the cords of cellular trophoblast that extend into the syncytium that, in turn, has penetrated deeply into the maternal endometrium. The syncytium progressively phagocytizes the maternal tissues, leaving the superficial maternal blood vessels and attendant pericytes intact, but destroys many of the deeper maternal vessels. Several morphological changes occur in the pericytes during the period that the superficial maternal capillaries retain their integrity, suggesting that they play an important role in maintaining these vessels which are eventually destroyed also.The cytotrophoblast is the most undifferentiated cell type throughout gestation. The syncytium, on the other hand, contains a large array of organelles that vary in concentration from one area to another within this tissue. Particular attention was paid to cytoplasmic structures potentially related to transport phenomena. Among those described are (1) coated vesicles and tubules in the syncytium at its interface with the cellular trophoblast, (2) microvilli extending from the cytotrophoblast into the syncytium some of which contained lines of pinocytotic vesicles, (3) coated vesicles along the plasma membrane of the syncytium toward the maternal tissues, and (4) pinocytotic vesicles associated with the endothelium of both the allantoic and maternal blood vessels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720208
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    Volumetric composition of the monkey skeletonWork supported by AEC grant AT(30-1)-3728 and USPH grant FR-5330. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 543-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Five adult monkeys (Macaca mulatta) having an average weight of 3.4 kg were analyzed for the overall skeletal contents of water, fat, nonfatty organic fraction, volatile inorganic fraction and ash. Volumes of bone and marrow for each skeletal region were calculated according to an earlier method used in the study of the dog and rabbit (Gong and Arnold, '65; Gong and Reis, 1970). A shortcut method for calculating marrow volume and fresh volumes of trabecu-lar and cortical bone using only two variables, the ash volume (or mass) and the fresh volume of the skeletal region, was also shown. It was found that the marrow constituted approximately 50.7% of the overall skeletal volume. Comparison of the composition of the marrow in the long bone and flat bone regions of the skeleton showed that the general distribution of the various components in these regions was similar to those found in the dog and rabbit; namely, a relatively high fat content in the long bone marrow and relatively high nonfatty organic and water contents in the flat bone marrow.
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    Tissue interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme of urogenital and integumental originThis work was supported in part by USPHS training grant GM94-11. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 529-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Trypsin-separated epithelia and mesenchyme were prepared from the following urogenital and integumental tissues of embryonic mice: seminal vesicle, urogenital sinus, preputial gland, and back, snout, and plantar surface foot plate skin. These components were rejoined in control (homotypic) and experimental (heterotypic) recombinants and were subsequently grown for one to three weeks as intraocular grafts to adult male hosts. Grafts of intact rudiments provided additional control data.In heterotypic recombinants composed of urogenital epithelia (urogenital sinus or seminal vesicle) and integumental mesenchyme (back, snout, or plantar), the epithelium responded as if androgens were absent, i.e., urogenital sinus epithelium formed a keratinized structure, while seminal vesicle epithelium developed into a small tubule of columnar epithelium. On the other hand, plastic integumental epithelia (snout or plantar) was transformed by urogenital mesenchyme of the urogenital sinus or seminal vesicle into a glandular epithelium characteristic of the mesenchymal source. Similarly, the normally glandular preputial gland epithelium could be induced to form keratinized, hair-bearing skin by back and snout skin dermis, and although preputial gland mesenchyme did not manifest inductive properties when associated with integumental mesenchyme, it was able to participate in typical skin differentiation.These data demonstrate (1) the importance of the mesenchyme in mediating epithelial response to androgens, (2) the stability of urogenital epithelia, (3) the plasticity of integumental epithelia, and (4) the inductive properties of urogenital and integumental mesenchyme.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720307
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    Light and electron microscopic studies on the gastrointestinal tract of the suckling echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 603-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The stomach of the suckling echidna is lined by a tall columnar epithelium that is bounded basally by a delicate basement membrane. Adjacent cells are held in close apposition by tight junctions near the apex and by extensive implications of the remaining lateral surfaces. The basal cell surface is smooth and without apparent specialization. The lining epithelium is characterized by an abundance of mitochondria and a relative paucity of other organelles. Scattered argentaffin cells extend between the bases of the gastric lining cells and rest upon the luminal side of the basement membrane.Absorptive cells lining the small intestine of the suckling echidna exhibit in-vaginations of the apical plasma membrane which branch and anastomose, forming a dense network of tubules in the apical cytoplasm. Adjacent to this network is a series of small vacuoles of varying diameters which come into direct relation with a single, large, supranuclear vacuole. The vacuolar system contains both a fine granular substance and clusters of a flocculent amorphous material thought to be of a proteinaceous nature. The surrounding cytoplasm contains numerous profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, several Golgi systems, and a relative abundance of mitochondria. Clusters of homogeneous droplets are found in the cytoplasm and in the intercellular space.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720402
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    The nature of endochondral ossification in the mandibular condyle of the mouse (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 659-667 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Through the application of histological and histochemical techniques, this study demonstrates that the ossification process of the mandibular condyle differs basically from that of other endochondral growth sites. In the epiphyseal plate of a typical long bone, the cartilage cells are known to undergo degenerative processes and death. In the mandibular condyle, however, the cartilage cells keep their vitality throughout the cartilage zones. In the lower border of the calcified cartilage, adjacent hypertrophic cartilage cells fuse after the dissolution of the intervening matrix to form multinuclear chondroclasts. These giant cells reveal marked positive reaction to mitochondrial and lysosomal enzymes. It is suggested that these enzymes are active in the resorption process of the calcified cartilage matrix, which is an integral phase of the ossification mechanism of the condylar growth center. It is believed that the mandibular condyle of the mouse demonstrates a specific type of endochondral ossification, in which the hypertrophic chondrocytes are not dying cells, but contribute actively to the process of bone formation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720406
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    The action of extrinsic penile muscles during copulation in the male dogSupported in part by Grant MH12003 from the National Institute of Mental Health. The technical assistance of Charles M. Haugen and Veryl T. Kuchar is gratefully acknowledged. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electromyographic activity of the bulbocavernosus (BC), ischiocavernosus (IC), and ischiourethral (IU) muscles was recorded during copulation in male dogs to examine the role of these muscles in the vascular engorgement process as related to the mechanisms responsible for initiating and maintaining the genital lock. In other dogs the IU muscle was severed to ascertain the influence this would have on the genital lock. No particular function in the engorgement process could be assigned to the IC muscle. Recordings from the BC muscle are consistent with the suggestion that rhythmic contraction of this muscle plays a role in pumping blood from the proximal parts of the corpus spongiosum into more distal parts of this cavernous erectile body. This would facilitate rapid engorgement of the bulbus glandis which is the structure that locks the dogs together. Recordings from the IU muscle reveal that this muscle contracts tonically just after intromission apparently also facilitating erection of the bulb by occluding venous return. Section of this muscle prevented engorgement of the bulb and eliminated the genital lock.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730101
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    Abnormal sex cord formation and an intratesticular adrenal cortical nodule in a human fetusSupported by USPHS grant HD-03752 (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 57-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A combination of two developmental abnormalities never described before, a nodule of adrenal cortical tissue and some severely stunted sex cords, in the right testis of a four-month-old human fetus are described in detail. In the left testis a few abnormal cords were found but no adrenal tissue was seen. The possible origin of the abnormalities is discussed. It is suggested on circumstantial evidence that the ectopic adrenal cortex migrated into the testis near the end of the period during which the pattern of sex cords becomes established (around day 40 ?) and began exerting an inhibiting influence on the development of the sex cords as soon as endocrine function began, probably somewhat before the end of the third month. This influence probably did not last long.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 179
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    The development of the periodontium: The origin of alveolar bone (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: First molar tooth germs consisting of dental organ, dental papilla and dental follicle were dissected from one-day old mice and transplanted subcutaneously into young adult animals of the same strain. Three to four weeks after implantation the host animals were sacrificed and the transplants harvested. The transplants were prepared for either routine histological examination or for electron microscopy. Forty tooth germs continued development with the formation of a periodontium consisting of cement, periodontal ligament and bone. Electron microscopical examination of this material demonstrated the presence of lymphocytes in association with the subcutaneous bone and thereby suggested the origin of the bone from donor tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730106
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  • 180
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    On the expulsion of the erythroid nucleus and its phagocytosis (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopical examination of thin sections of guinea pig and rabbit bone marrow indicates that nuclei of their normoblasts undergo constriction during their expulsion.Late erythroblasts in bone marrow of adult rabbits and guinea pigs were often seen surrounded by cytoplasmic protrusions of macrophages. No such contact was observed between macrophages and erythroblasts that were expelling their nuclei in the lumen of blood sinuses of rabbit bone marrow. It is concluded that macrophages are not necessary for nuclear expulsion.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730111
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  • 181
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    Hormonal regulation of the “fatted” phenomenon in squirrel monkeysThe Research was supported by NSF grant GB-14035 to R.D.N., USPHS grant MH-15965 to L.A.R. and grant 0806-04-012-68 from the Research Foundation of S.U.N.Y. awarded jointly to both authors. Testosterone propionate was supplied by Dr. P. L. Perlman, Schering Corporation, Bloomfield, New Jersey; testosterone cyclopentylpropionate by Dr. J. W. Hendrix, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hormonal basis of the ‘fatted’ phenomenon in squirrel monkeys was investigated by gonadectomy and androgen treatment of adult males and females. Significant correlations were found between testis weight and body weight and between testis weight and the sharp reductions in body weight that occurred following gonadectomy. of the males. Females lost little, if any weight, following gonadectomy. Androgen treatment of male castrates resulted in increased body size, weight and physical appearance, closely approximating the condition reported to occur in normal males during the mating season. Female castrates responded to androgen treatment with an analogous development of‘fattedness.’ The data suggest that the ‘fatted’ condition observed seasonally in the field is regulated by fluctuations in endogenous androgen levels of males and that females share that characteristic responsiveness to androgen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730207
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  • 182
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    Presence of fenestrated capillaries in the skin (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Capillaries of the skin have been thought to be of a nonfenestrated type according to studies of previous investigators. However, the present study revealed that fenestrations exist in the endothelium of cutaneous vessels. Capillary fenestrations are numerous in the human finger and the mouse sole and are moderately frequent in the guinea pig sole and ear. In the skin of the human chest, however, they are rarely encountered. Sometimes, endothelial fenestrations are encountered in venules as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730210
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  • 183
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    DNA replication and cell division in the hamster uterusPortion of a thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Illinois at the Medical Center in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anatomy.Supported by N.I.H. Predoctoral Fellowship 1 Fo1 GM44693-01. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cell renewal in specific uterine tissues was studied by autoradiography in thymidine treated and thymidine, colchicine treated hamsters. All cell types were found to replicate DNA and to divide during the estrous cycle. However, tissue types differed in the extent of cell renewal and in the time during the cycle when maximal turnover occurred. Peak DNA replication by uterine epithelium, the most active tissue, occurred during the afternoon of the second day of diestrus. Connective tissue was the second most active cell type in DNA renewal; while connective tissue cells of the myometrium incorporated thymidine at a rather constant level throughout the cycle, those of the endometrium (stroma) fluctuated during the estrous cycle with peak labeling activity being found during the morning of the second day of diestrus. A few smooth muscle cells replicated DNA during proestrus but no labeled muscle cells were observed during the other stages of the cycle.The extent of renewal of the different cell types in the hamster uterus during the estrous cycle is greater than that which has been reported in the rat. This difference may be due to timing of necropsy rather than to a species variation.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730213
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  • 184
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    Alterations in the fine structure of the rat epididymis after vasectomySupported by contracts (69-2104 and 71-2506) with the Natinal Institute of Child Health. and Human Development. Portions of the work carrled out at the University of Colorado were also supported by Program Project HD-02282 of the National Institutes of Health, Health Sciences Advancement Award (FR06084) from the National Institutes of Health, and a Research Career Development Award from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 277-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the epldidymal epithelium of the rat was studied at intervals up to nine months after bilateral vasectomy, unilateral vasectomy, or a bilateral sham operation. Membranous material accumulated in the cytoplasm of the ‘light’ cells of the cauda epididymidis in greater amounts after bilateral vasectomy than following a sham operation. The membranes were found in apical vacuoles, in moderately dense membrane-bounded bodies in the mid-region of the cells, and, most prominently, in large infranuclear masses. These large infranuclear membranous masses had a polymorphic interior composed of granules and amorphous material as well as membranes, and thus morphologically resembled large lysosomes or residual bodies. In some instances readily dentifiable parts of sperm were found in apical vacuoles of epithelial cells after vasectomy. It is suggested that these changes may reflect the absorption of parts of sperm by the epithelium of the cauda epididymidis after vasectomy. The nature of the ‘light’ cells is discussed, and the results are compared with alterations in other species after vasectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730304
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  • 185
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    Spermatogenesis in the dog (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 341-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cycle of the seminiferous epithelium of the dog was divided into eight stages, using as criteria the shape of the spermatid nucleus, the location of spermatids and spermatozoa in regard to the basement membrane, the presence of meiotic figures and the release of spermatozoa from the lumen of the tubule. Based upon these criteria, a modification of the eight-stage system of classification of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was developed. Cell populations making up each stage are described. The relative frequencies of stages 1 through 8 were 21.9, 12.7, 2.8, 11.5, 8.3, 15.4, 13.3 and 14.0%, respectively. The duration of one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was 13.6 days (SE ± 0.7), as determined from cells labeled by tritiated thymidine. The absolute durations of stages 1 through 8 were 3.0, 1.7, 0.4, 1.6, 1.1, 2.1, 1.8 and 1.9 days, respectively. The life span of primary spermatocytes was 20.9 days, of secondary spermatocytes 0.5 days, spermatids with round nuclei 10.5 days, spermatids with elongated nuclei up to the time they are released into the lumen, 10.6 days. Counts of the different types of spermatogenic cells in tubular cross sections revealed little or no germ cell degeneration during the two maturation divisions.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 186
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    Penetration of ruthenium red into peripheral nerve fibersSupported by grants from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the American Cancer Society and the National Institutes of Health. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 375-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Living peripheral nerves immersed in ruthenium red-Ringer solution in vivo or in vitro and subsequently fixed for electron microscopy reveal dye in the axon and myelin-Schwann sheath. There is rapid penetration into the agranular reticulum of the axon first at the node of Ranvier and later in the internodal region. Dye is also sequestered in the Schwann cell body, Schmidt-Lanterman cleft and adaxonal and paranodal Schwann cytoplasm. Moreover, dye is deposited in the major electron dense line of the myelin wrapping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730401
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  • 187
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    Estrogen-induced osteoid formation in the osteon of mature female rabbits. An electron-microscopic studySupported in part by NIH grant A-02745, NIDR predoctoral fellowship 5-Fl-De-40,942-02, PHS training grant 5-TI-GM 1323 for NIGMS, and training grant DE-151. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 417-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The osteons of mature female rabbits injected with estradiol valerate, parathyroid extract, or a combination of both were studied. Two, 1 mg injections of estradiol valerate (Delestrogen®) given in a one week period stimulated osteoid production on the inside of the lacunar borders of osteocytes but had little effect on osteoid production along the perimeter of the Haversian canal. Parathyroid hormone induced osteolysis after two weeks of treatments, with little apparent increase in osteoclast numbers. Parathyroid extract treatment for one week followed by estradiol valerate treatment in combination with parathyroid extract treatment the second week induced osteoid formation along both lacunar borders and Haversian canal perimeters. This evidence shows that estrogen can stimulate osteoid production and is not limited to inhibition of bone resorption. Increased osteoid production along the perimeter of the Haversian canal in dual-treated rabbits implies an interaction between estrogen and parathyroid hormone.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730404
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  • 188
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    A fluorescence study on the ability of the notochord to synthesize and store catecholamines in early chick embryosSupported by PHS Training grant 5-T01-1323-05 from NIGMS. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 469-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role that catecholamines play in presympathetic embryogenesis is relatively unknown. All catecholamine-producing cells develop both the enzymes needed for catecholamine synthesis and an amine pump for the uptake of extraneous catecholamines. This investigation was undertaken to define areas which are able to produce and store catecholamines in the presympathetic chick embryo. Embryonic chicks between two and four days of incubation (stages 11 to 23) were incubated in a medium containing norepinephrine, dopa or dopa with cocaine, and treated for fluorescence according to the method of Falck and Owman. Norepinephrine uptake was considered to be evidence of the presence of an amine pump. The conversion of dopa, a nonfluorescent precursor of dopamine, to dopamine which is fluorescent was considered to be an indication that the enzyme dopa decarboxylase was present. Cocaine, an amine pump inhibitor, applied simultaneously with dopa would prevent dopamine synthesized in one site from entering other cells. It was found that the notochord was intensely fluorescent in the presence of norepinephrine. No other sites of norepinephrine uptake were seen. The notochord could also convert dopa to dopamine indicating the presence of dopa decarboxylase in notochordal cells. Similar results were obtained when cocaine was added to the incubation medium. It is concluded that the notochord is a possible site of catecholamine synthesis and storage in presympathetic chick embryos.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730407
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    A study of hematic barriers in peripheral nerves of albino rabbitsThis research was supported by U.S.P.H.S. training grant 5-T01-gm01410-02,03,04. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 21-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hematic barriers were studied in femoral and sciatic nerves and their peripheral branches in male albino rabbits by means of fluorescence microscopy and ultra-freezing and drying technics. The fluorescent tracer used was a diaminoacridine, acriflavine neutral, which is non-toxic at the 20 mg/kg dose administered intravenously, has a low molecular weight (259.7), and has a unique quality of chemically binding in vivo with nuclear DNA and RNA. This latter property of acriflavine neutral permitted the observation of fluorescent nuclei where the substance penetrated and no fluorescence where it did not penetrate. The interface between the two regions was identified as a locus of a hematic barrier.Three hematic barrier loci were observed in spinal nerves and their branches: (1) in the plasma membranes of the cells forming inner lamellae of the “perineurial epithelium,” (2) in the luminal face of the plasma membrane of endothelialcellsforming the wall of endoneurial capillaries, and (3) in the “perineurial epithelial” sheath which surrounds endoneurial precapillaries. These barriers appeared to be dependent on normal living physiologic processes for their proper maintenance. In addition, they were very similar to some of the hematic barriers associated with the central nervous system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740104
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  • 190
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    Localization of cholesterol in peripheral nerve: USE of [3H] digitonin for electron microscopic autoradiography (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tritiated digitonin of high specific activity has been incorporated into fixation of adult rat sciatic nerve. Electron microscope autoradiograms developed four to thirteen days after coating indicate highest concentration of label over or near myelin sheaths. Label is observed over areas of reasonable myelin preservation as well as in areas of artifact and membrane disruption. The technique is suggested for use as a means of fairly specific localization of free cholesterol in tissues. In addition, the activity of the isotope used permits visualization of autoradiograms after short exposure times.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740202
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  • 191
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    Mast cells in the central nervous system of several rodents (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mast cells were detected in the brains of kangaroo rats, gerbils and albino rats. They were most numerous in diencephalic structures (leptomeninges, choroid plexuses, nuclei, tracts); moderately abundant in telencephalic and mesencephalic structures (leptomeninges, choroid plexuses, nuclei, tracts); and least plentiful in metencephalic and myelencephalic structures. They were not detected in the spinal cord. In all cases the mast cells were closely associated with the blood vessels in these regions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740207
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  • 192
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740301
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  • 193
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    Vestibular ampullary structures in the pigeon: A scanning electron microscope overviewDCIEM Research Paper 806. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 311-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to explore the complex surface features of the ampullary structures in the vestibular apparatus of the pigeon. The depth perspective inherent in SEM microscopy enabled: 1. three-dimensional views of major ampullary structures such as the crista ampullaris, eminentia cruciata, and the planum semilunatum; 2. identification of a tongue-like structure, the “lingula,” that is part of the eminentia cruciata; 3. the observation that the base of the eminentia is a projection of the crista ampullaris and not a structural partition; and 4. evidence that the lingulae, together with the torus, partition the crista into two separate regions. Additionally, an examination was made of the surface topography of non-sensory cells in the membranous ampulla.The morphology of the cells and gross ampullary structures observed with SEM are compared to those obtained using light microscopy and where advantageous, complimentary light photomicrographs are presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 194
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    A three dimensional representation of the odontogenic epithelium of the rat incisor (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A three dimensional reconstruction of the basal end of the rat incisor, together with analytical data attesting to the reproducibility of the method is presented. The size and shape of the tooth varies little from animal to animal, while the sizes of the functional compartments are much less uniform.The odontogenic sheath is divided into three zones: Proliferation, differentiation and apposition. The proliferative zone is subdivided into two segments: The basal segment which gives rise to ameloblasts shows the highest cell production; an anterior segment located around the pulp opening which will give rise to the part of the tooth covered by cementum and has a much lower cell production.Total cell production can be obtained only in transverse sections, while mid-sagittal sections can serve only for comparative purposes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740310
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    Adjustment of the myelin sheath to changes in axon caliberSuppoerted by U. S. Public Health grant NS 06239 from the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: “Chronic” axon swellings were produced by applying a snug ligature around the sciatic nerve of rats by the fourteenth postnatal day, allowing the nerve to compress itself by its subsequent growth. The technique results in swelling of the entire myelinated fiber population proximal to the constriction, and in hypoplasia or arrested growth distal to it. “Chronic” axon swellings differed strikingly from the “reactive” axon swellings in the stumps of transected nerves in having normal or slightly below normal concentrations of axoplasmic organelles, including mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.Swelling of the axons was associated with attenuation of their sheaths having normal interperiod width but fewer turns of myelin lamellae than found in normal fibers of comparable calibers. Release of the compression resulted in rapid restitution of axon swellings; the excess axoplasm was drained from the fibers and the sheaths rapidly acquired normal thickness. The magnitude of all observed changes in the sheaths of swollen and of restituted fibers was consistent with a rearrangement of the existing turns of myelin lamellae without change in the total amount of myelin. The myelin sheath appears capable of adjusting to both increases or decreases in axon size by slippage of its lamellae.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720101
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  • 196
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    A radiographic and histologic study of bone in the active and hibernating bat (Myotis lucifugus)Presented in part at the 1971 American Association of University Radiologists Annual Meeting held in Durham, North Carolina. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A radiographic and histologic study of bat bones showed that there is a progressive loss of bone tissue during hibernation and abrupt reversal at arousal. Enhanced osteolysis accounted for the bone loss; osteoclasia was not observed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720109
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    Prolonged survival of fragments of liver transplanted to an ectopic site in the mouse (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fragments of liver were successfully transplanted to an ectopic site in the kidney cortex of the mouse. Survival was followed for varying periods of time. In some cases both syngeneic grafts and allogeneic grafts placed in mice previously made immunologically tolerant to the genotype of the donor were still alive one year later. However, extensive amounts of liver tissue would not survive, at the best, strips of about 30 cells thick grew, and various measures tried to promote an increase in this amount were not successful.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720203
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    Electron microscopy of granule release in metrial gland cells of the pregnant ratResearch was supported by USPHS grant HD-04769. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 109-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fate of the granulated metrial cell was studied with the electron microscope. In the degenerating areas of the metrial gland the granulated metrial cells undergo necrosis. The granules of the lysed cells are enclosed by a limiting membrane and their contents appear unaltered. The observations indicate that after the granules are free, the limiting membrane is lost and the contents released into the tissue space. Phagocytic cells are apparently involved in clearing the area of cellular debris. Metrial granules are sometimes engulfed by the phagocytic cells. The “lipid bearing” cells of the metrial gland were also investigated with the electron microscope. These cells contained few organelles, a flocculent cytoplasmic ground substance, lipid droplets, and large dense bodies. The membrane limited dense bodies resemble secondary lysosomes and contain multilaminated myelin whorls plus a variety of dense fibrous or homogeneous material. The release of metrial granules is discussed in relation to the possible secretion of relaxin by metrial cells. The role of the lipid bearing cells is also considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720110
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  • 199
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    Neuro-epithelial bodies (neuroreceptor or Secretory Organs?) in Human Infant Bronchial and Bronchiolar Epithelium (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 471-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tissue sections of 15 lungs from human infants were taken immediately after death. In each case, routine staining methods and Jabonero's silver impregnation, modified by Van Campenhout, were performed. Cathecholamines were traced according to Falck's method. Each of these techniques revealed in the bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa spherical to ovoid groups of cells, which are distinct, from the surrounding epithelium by their light optical and their histochemical properties and which have been named “Neuroepithelial Bodies.”The Neuroepithelial Body bulges into the corium and is built up of cells with a clear cytoplasm and a rounded nucleus. Its apical part protrudes into the bronchial and bronchiolar lumen mostly above the level of the ciliated cell lining and consists of small non-ciliated cuboidal cells. After silver impregnation, they display a granular silver deposit, especially in the basal cells and appear to be innervated. The technique of Falck reveals a white to yellow fluorescence, especially in the basal area where also the argyrophilia is most marked.The functions of these corpuscular, argyrophilic, innervated and fluorescent bronchial and bronchiolar Neuroepithelial Bodies remain unsettled. Though a separate entity, they seem to be related to the recently reported bronchial Argyrophil, Fluorescent and Granulated AFG (peptide and amine producing?) cells. They might be involved in mucosal bronchial and bronchiolar neurosecretory processes; most probably, however, they are chemo-, stretch-, and/or tactile neuro-receptor organs.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720301
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  • 200
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    An analysis of Tomes' granular layerSupported by the Medical Research Council of Canada, Grant MT 3693. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seventy-five- to one-hundred-micron slices of undemineralized human teeth were examined by transmitted light, incident light and polarized light microscopy, to determine the nature of Tomes' granular layer in root dentine. Transmitted light examination showed that the granules occupied differing levels within the section. Incident light microscopy showed that the granules were true spaces and polarized light microscopy showed that fibre orientation was not the cause of the granular layer. When thin sections (1 μ-0.75μ) of a tooth slice containing Tomes' granular layer were examined by light and electron microscopy no evidence of any spaces were found in the region where they had been demonstrated in the thick 75-100 μ section. Looping of the terminal portions of the dentinal tubules was found. A model system has been used to show that sectioning of this loop region could produce a space visible in thick sections and corresponding to a granule of Tomes' layer. It is suggested that this looping of dentinal tubules in root dentine, and not in the dentine beneath enamel, is the result of different rates of dentine deposition in these two areas.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720202
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