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  • 1985-1989  (1,963)
  • 1985  (1,963)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (1,154)
  • Organic Chemistry  (671)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (138)
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Material
Years
  • 1985-1989  (1,963)
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 186 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051860301
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tooth replacement and growth in the young green iguana, Iguana iguana (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 186 (1985), S. 265-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A study using eight rapidly growing young green iguanas (Iguana iguana; initial mean weight 68.0 ± 3.8 gm) examined the changes in the wave replacement of teeth, the increased size of the teeth, and the posterior migration of tooth positions over a period of 16 weeks. The teeth increase in width as the lizards grow. The tooth positions shifted posteriorly, providing adequate space for the larger replacement teeth. These observations suggest that the wave replacement of teeth allows for growth of the dentition in length and height adequate to maintain tooth size in proportion to the overall size of the individual.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051860303
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A freeze-fracture study of postembryonic differentiation of latissimus dorsi muscles of the chicken (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The differentiation of fiber type characteristics in the anterior (ALD) and posterior (PLD) latissimus dorsi muscles is examined by the freezefracture technique in 1-, 7- and 30-day-old chicks. Several characteristics of plasma membrane (caveolae, rectilinear arrays, intramembranous particles) and sarcoplasmic reticulum which show fiber type differences in the adult ALD and PLD muscles are compared in the developmental stages. The caveolar density in the ALD fibers is about 20/μm2 at 1 day increasing to about 37/μm2 at 30 days, whereas in the PLD fibers it remains at about 20/μm2 during this period. The distribution of the caveolae in the two muscles is different from the begining; in the ALD fibers the caveolae are distributed throughout the plasma membrane and in PLD fibers they are patterned into clusters overlying the I band regions. The density of intramembranous particles of 1-day ALD and PLD plasma membranes appears similar, but by 7 days the particle counts in the sarcolemma of the ALD muscle are about twice as numerous as those in the PLD muscle. The rectilinear arrays are virtually absent in the ALD muscle, whereas in the PLD muscle their density is about 10/μm2 at 1 day and about 20/μm2 at 7 days. Already at 1 day posthatching the SR in ALD and PLD fibers has the adult configuration, i.e., an open irregular network in ALD fibers and periodically arranged tubules with triadic expansions in the PLD fibers. It is concluded that the membrane structure of ALD and PLD muscles is already different at hatching, and at 1 week the differences are identical to those of slow and fast fibers of the adult stage. The membrane changes, therefore, do not support the view that the ALD muscle undergoes a transitional, fast-type stage in posthatching chicks.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830203
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of early tooth formation in an lguanid lizard, Anolis carolinensis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 165-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytodifferentiation and hard tissue formation were studied in Anolis to collect information regarding the phylogenetic history of enamel and the functional significance of the events seen in the mammalian tooth during differentiation. The differentiation of the ameloblasts of Anolis, like that of mammals, shows two phases: In the early phase, the cells are short and rich in free ribosomes, in the late phase the cells elongate, develop an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus moves into that part of the cell next to the basal lamina (the cell apex). The early epithelial-mesenchymal interface resembles that of mammals, suggesting that early mechanisms of induction and epithelial-mesenchymal interaction are similar in Anolis and in mammals.Preameloblast processes and preameloblast-preodontoblast contacts in Anolis are rudimentary compared to those of mammals. While in mammals the preameloblast processes shape the future DEJ (dentin-enamel junction), their involvement in establishing the shape of the DEJ of Anolis is questionable. We suggest that the great development of preameloblast-preodontoblast contacts in mammals may simply increase the efficiency of inductive interactions between these cell types.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830205
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence of abnormal sperm in the cauda epididymis of Rhinolophus capensis (Mammalia: Chiroptera) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The spermatozoa of Rhinolophus capensis are stored in the cauda epididymidis for about 10 months, 4 months prior to copulation and 6 months after copulation. Electron microscopy has shown the occurrence of sperm defects (mitochondrial proliferation, bending and coiling of the tail, and Dag defect) throughout the period of sperm storage. However, these defects are more common during the postcopulation period, when excess spermatozoa are being removed, suggesting that they may be associated with sperm degradation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830206
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modifications of the fertilized egg surface following the cortical reaction in Limulus polyphemus L. as viewed with the scanning electron microscope (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 185-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the development of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, the fertilized egg undergoes a complicated cleavage (Stages 1-3) resulting in blastoderm formation (Stage 4). Stage 1 involves intralecithal cleavage and consists of nine discrete surface modifications (events) which have been briefly described with light microscopy by Brown and Barnum ('83). Since in Stage 1 the cortical reaction (events 1-4) has already been examined with ultrastructural methods, the objectives of the present study were to examine with scanning electron microscopy: (1) the first two of three intermittent granulations (events 5 and 7), and (2) the associated events characterized by smooth surfaces (events 4, 6, and 8). The first granulation occurs 2 1/2 to 3 hours after fertilization (22°C) and lasts approximately 1 1/2 hours. The second granulation appears approximately 5 hours after fertilization and lasts about 3 hours.The dynamic changes that occur during the two granulations involve the transformation of a smooth appearing embryonic surface, liberally coated with microvilli, into a granule-dominated surface on which microvilli are greatly reduced in number. Also of considerable interest are the numerous projections which begin to appear on the surface near the end of the second granulation (event 7) and dominate the surface of the following smooth step stage (event 8). Hypotheses on the significance of these dynamic changes and surface modifications involve relationships to the cell cycle, possible mechanisms for membrane storage, and secretory function.
    Additional Material: 31 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830207
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oogenesis in the terrestrial hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus (decapoda, anomura). I. Previtellogenic oocytes (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ultrastructural study of previtellogenic oocytes found in cystlike clusters scattered throughout the length of the bilobed ovary of the hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus shows a high nuclear:cytoplasm ratio. Large, round nuclei containing synaptinemal complexes serve as good temporal markers for identification of previtellogenic oocytes. The cytoplasm contains many smooth-membraned vesicles filled with granules and probably of nuclear origin. In addition to its complement of Golgi complexes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and free ribosomes, the cytoplasm also contains stacks of annulate lamellae, a feature not previously described for decapod oocytes. Typically, the previtellogenic oocyte with its accumulation of ribosomes has the appearance of a nonsynthetic cell preparing to go through a metabolic transition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830209
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facial morphology and vibrissal movement in the golden hamster (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 199-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The major cranial vibrissae in the golden hamster can be moved in complex ways that suggest they are served by a finely controlled motor system. Movements are hypothesized to be the products of (1) differential blood flow and pressure regulation in the sinus surrounding each vibrissal follicle, (2) contractions of the striated facial muscles, and (3) elastic rebound in the connective tissues. The vasculature contributes hydrostatic forces that (a) erect the vibrissae slightly and distort their connective tissue bedding, (b) rigidify the vibrissal capsules, thus forming firm bases of attachment for certain facial muscles, and (c) theoretically provide a pressure plate around the follicle, important in lowering the firing thresholds of receptor endings. The facial muscles supply the major forces in erection and protraction of the vibrissae by acting on both the capsules and the connective tissue bedding. The connective tissues are organized into capsular and extracapsular systems that serve to stabilize the vibrissae and return them to initial rest positions.The slight movements of the genal vibrissa are the effects of vascular and connective tissue dynamics, the musculature being uninvolved. Wide angle movements of the supraorbital vibrissae are products of the vasculature and connective tissues, plus contractions of the Mm. orbicularis oculi and frontalis. Mystacial vibrissal movement is quite complex. The vasculature supplies a small degree of capsular erection and mystacial pad distortion, but primarily rigidifies the capsules. The bulk of erection and protraction is produced by the M. nasolabialis profundus (NLP) and the vibrissal capsular muscles (VCM). The NLP distorts the mystacial pad; the VCM tilt the capsules relative to the pad. Retraction is mainly accomplished by elastic rebound in the pad, this being aided in its extreme degrees by the Mm. nasolabialis and maxillolabialis. The Mm. nasolabialis superficialis and buccinator pars orbicularis oris help to spread the vibrissae into a dorsoventral fan and stabilize the mystacial pad during whisking.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830208
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cardiovascular chromaffin cell system of the southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis gray (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study demonstrates that the silver technique of Grimelius (Acta Soc. Med. Ups. 73:243-270, 68) is ideally suited for the study of cardiovascular chromaffin cells in lampreys. This method showed that in the Southern Hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, the distribution of chromaffin cells differs from that described for holarctic species. In G. australis, the chromaffin cells are found mainly in the sinus venosus, atrium, and nearby regions of the cardinal and jugular veins, and they are absent from the ventricle and conus arteriosus. The location and discreteness of the large accumulation of chromaffin cells in the lateral wall of the right posterior cardinal vein of adults resemble those of the precardiac axillary bodies of elasmobranchs. Chromaffin cells become more abundant during metamorphosis. The possible phylogenetic and functional significance of lamprey chromaffin cells is briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830210
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830301
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ontogeny of shell secretion in Terebratalia transversa (brachiopoda, articulata) I. Development of the mantle (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 233-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the mantle in free-swimming and metamorphosing larvae of the articulate brachipod Terebratalia transversa has been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The mantle begins to form approximately 2 days after fertilization and subsequently develops into a skirtlike lobe that encircles the middle region of the larval body. A simple epithelium covers both the outer surface of the mantle lobe and the inner side situated next to the pedicle lobe of the larva. During metamorphosis, the mantle lobe is everted over the anterior end of the larva. Thus, the epithelium covering the outer part of the mantle lobe in the larva subsequently becomes the inner epithelium of the juvenile mantle. Similarly, the inner epithelium of the larval mantle lobe represents the future outer epithelium of the juvenile mantle. In free-swimming larvae, the prospective outer mantle epithelium contains two types of cells, called “lobate” and “vesicular” cells. Lobate cells initially deposit a thin layer of amorphous material, and vesicular cells produce ovoid multigranular bodies. Following settlement at about 5 days postfertilization, the vesicular cells secrete an electron-dense sheet that constitutes the basal layer of the developing periostracum. Within several hours to a day thereafter, reversal of the mantle lobe is rapidly effected, apparently by contractions of the pedicle adjustor muscles.
    Additional Material: 30 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830302
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aquatic prey capture in ambystomatid salamanders: Patterns of variation in muscle activity (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 273-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Functional morphologists commonly study feeding behavior in vertebrates by recording electrical activity from head muscles during unrestrained prey capture. Rarely are experiments designed to permit a partitioning of variation in muscle electrical activity patterns. Analysis of muscle activity during aquatic prey capture in two morphologivally distinct species of salamanders, Ambystoma dumerilii and A. mexicanum, is conducted to assess variation at four levels: between species, among individuals within species, among experiments conducted on different days, and among feedings. The results show that (1) mean correlations among the 11 electromyographic variables measured for each feeding are low and vary considerably among individuals, (2) many of the variables show significant differences among experimental days, (3) only one variable, the difference in timing between the depressor mandibulae and sternohyoideus muscles, showed significant variation between species, and (4) seven of the 11 variables showed significant variation among individuals within species. Overall, the variation between feedings (trials) was high, and there was some variation between days on which the experiments were conducted. Neither electrode position within the muscle nor satiation contributed to the high trial variance. The results suggest that functional analyses of feeding behavior should include an assessment of variation due to individuals, days, and trials, because the amount of variation at these levels may render differences between species nonsignificant.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830304
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
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    The mechanism of frill erection in the bearded dragon Amphibolurus barbatus with comments on the jacky lizard A. muricatus (Agamidae) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Amphibolurus barbatus has a threat display which includes the erection of the gular regions as a frill and may also include wide opening of the mouth to display a yellow mouth lining. Frill erection involves protraction, depression, and lateral expansion of the hyoid apparatus. Electrical stimulation of the hyoid muscles and dissection of the hyoid apparatus were used to examine specializations for producing frill erection. Specializations of the hyoid skeleton include the absence of a ceratobranchial II, presence of a synovial joint between the ceratohyal and body of the hyoid, and combined shortening of the entoglossal process and lengthening of the posterior arches. The only apparent specialization of the hyoid musculature is the anterior displacement of the origin of m. hyomandibularis. All of the hyoid muscles are involved in some way in frill erection and the actions of each muscle is described. The characteristic frill erection in the threat display of Amphibolurus barbatus is possible because of the 1:2 ratio of the anterior and posterior parts of the apparatus and the absence of the ceratobrnchial II.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830305
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 184 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051840101
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the term “Trophoblast” for tissues in therian mammals (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Use of the term “trophoblast” in descriptions of therian (marsupial and eutherian) mammals has caused confusion because of misinterpretations of blastular homologies and because of imprecise application in functional versus ontogenetic-phylogenetic senses. Marsupials follow the plan of early development characteristic of noneutheian amniotes. Eutherians, in contrast, are unique in the early determination of presumptive embryonic versus extraembryonic cells through formation of inner cell mass versus trophoblastic (or trophectodermal) tissues, respectively. No cellular unit of the eutherian blastula is recognizable unequivocally as the homologue of a specific part of the protodermal marsupial blastula; progressive deletion of innovative but phylogenetically older ontogenetic steps probably figured importantly in the evolution of eutherian early embryogenesis. Because of marked differences in mode of formation and in cellular fates, homology of the blastocoel between marsupials and eutherians is questioned. It is suggested that use of the term “trophoblast” (1) be restricted to eutherians in discussions of ontogenesis or phylogenesis, and (2) be deemphasized in the functional sense (i.e., fetal-maternal exchanges) for marsupials, in favor of the more appropriate tissue terms of “choriovitelline” and “chorioallantoic” membranes. Integral to the origin of the eutherian style of embryogenesis was the evolution during Cretaceous time of neomorphic, extraembryonic tissues (i.e., trophoblast) having physiological properties that allowed the unique combination of (1) intimate apposition of fetal and maternal tissues and circulatory systems, along with (2) sustained, active morphogenesis. Marsupials have not achieved such a combination.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830306
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  • 116
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    External features of the developing embryo of the stonefly, Kamimuria tibialis (pictet) (plecoptera, perlidae) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 311-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: External features of the egg, developing embryo, and first instar nymph of Kamimuria tibialis are described. The embryonic development from the germ disc to the full-grown embryo is divided into 12 stages. The saclike embryonic rudiment is formed by the bending and folding of the germ disc. The embryo first elongates at the egg surface and then sinks into the yolk due to caudal flexure. In the head, four paired protocerebral lobes differentiate and the fourth lobes are thought to be the rudiments of preantennal ganglia. The columnar serosal cells appear at the posterior pole of the egg and they disappear before katatrepsis. The coniform chloride cells occur at the hind margins of the first nine abdominal segments in the full-grown embryo and first instar nymph. Amnion formation in K. tibialis is very similar to that of Allonarcys proteus and the Isoptera. It is proposed that the immersed type of growth pattern of embryos is divided into two subtypes in hemimetabolous insects; one is in the Palaeoptera and Paraneoptera, and the other is in the Plecoptera, Orthoptera, Notoptera, Isoptera, Embioptera, and the blattarian, Periplaneta americana.
    Additional Material: 35 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830308
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  • 117
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    Maturation and aging of adult fat body and oenocytes in Drosophila as revealed by light microscopic morphometry (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 184 (1985), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A morphological and cytometric analysis of the adult fat body cells and oenocytes was made on sections of abdomens from immature, mature and senescent Drosophila melanogaster of both sexes. There are about 18,000 fat body cells in abdomens of female and mature male flies. Immature and senescent males have about 12,000 and 15,000 cells, respectively. The size of the cells is almost the same for immature flies of both sexes and increases about six-fold to approximately 2600μm2, so that mature flies of both sexes have equivalent amounts of fat body tissue. The proportions of lipid, glycogen, and background cytoplasm of fat body cells also remain relatively constant throughout adult life, but dense, proteinaceous granules are observed in cells of senescent flies. The amounts of cellular components change dramatically due to change of cell size with age; the amount of lipid shows the greatest sexual difference with about 2 × more in the females at all stages studied. The oenocytes number about 6,000 in the abdomens of all but immature male flies, which have approximately 4,000. Although the cells of both sexes triple in size to about 700 μm2, the oenocytes of males reach maximum size earlier than those of females. The major features of oenocytes appear to be dense background cytoplasm, putative lipid droplets found only in mature flies, and pigmented granules first seen in the cells of mature flies which accumulate with age to 33% of the cytoplasm. The number of cells and their anticipated capacity for protein synthesis is discussed in relation to the production of yolk protein precursors.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051840106
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  • 118
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    Structural variability of collagen fibers in the calcareous axial rod of a sea pen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 184 (1985), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies revealed that the organic matrix of the skeletal rod of the sea pen, Veretillum cynomorium, contained about 50% collagenous protein. The present ultrastructural study, based upon conventional staining methods, shows the existence of an abundant, longitudinally arranged nonbanded and fibrillar material separated by a reticular matrix. After incubation with 3H-proline, labeling is specifically localized on the fibrillar material. Some fibers occasionally display a transverse striation with a period of 11 to 14 nm which can be associated with a chevron striation. Infrequently, some other fibers display a more distinct banding of 55 to 70 nm or even yield a checkerboard pattern. However, a majority of fibers remain without a regular structure comparable to the periodic striations observed in the collagen of other animals. After treatment with 1% PTA in 70% ethanol, all the fibers show a clear banding of 14 nm and some of them possess two types of striations. The same result is obtained on fibers mechanically dissociated and negatively stained. As these methods show a periodic banding pattern on all the fibers, it is likely that all the fibers (striated or not) observed after routine electron microscopy correspond to collagen material. This collagen appears to be both polymorphic and completely new in comparison to that which is characteristic of the mesoglea. The polymorphic aspect is compared to that obtained from vertebrate collagens.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051840108
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  • 119
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    The digestive system of the lobster, Homarus americanus: I. Connective tissue of the digestive gland (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 184 (1985), S. 311-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The digestive gland (midgut gland, hepatopancreas) of the American lobster, Homarus americanus (Decapoda: Nephropidae), has one continuous network of connective tissue in which the tubules are embedded and suspended and which forms the limiting layer of the organ. Light- and electron-microscopical observations show that the outer connective-tissue layer investing the entire digestive gland is a typical, fibrous connective tissue, containing hemal sinuses and a variety of cell types embedded in a collagenous matrix. This outer layer is continuous with the connective tissue among the tubules, which lacks a substantial fibrous matrix and lies peripheral to the digestive epithelium of each tubule. It consists of a complex, two-layered, epithelial basement membrane, an area containing cells, a tunica propria, and hemal sinuses. Several types of cells are present between the basement membrane and the tunica propria: contractile cells form a network of circular and longitudinal processes around each tubule, and several types of granulocytes are found in areas where tubules abut.The previously applied terms “myoepithelium” and “myoendothelium” are inappropriate to describe the tissue among the tubules. Instead, the extraepithelial elements are interpreted as forming an extensive connective tissue supporting the functional units of the digestive gland.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051840306
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    The intrarenal and pericapsular venous systems of kidneys of the ringed seal, Phoca hispida (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 184 (1985), S. 361-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The kidneys of Phoca hispida are comprised of many closely adherent renculi, each of which is a small kidney, functionally independent of its neighbours except with respect to venous drainage. Venous blood from the rencular parenchyma drains to the periphery through interlobular veins. These interlobular veins empty into a perirencular plexus comprised of subcapsular veins on the free surface of the renculus, interrencular veins on adjoined surfaces, and marginal subcapsular veins lying in the furrows between adjoined renculi. A pericapsular plexus of large veins overlies the marginal subcapsular veins and has frequent connections with them. Blood drains from the pericapsular plexus into large superficial collecting veins that converge over the surface of the kidney toward the divided hilum and connect directly to the paired trunks of the posterior vena cava. There are also connections to other major venous systems of the region.There is no arcuate venous system, no major vein at the rencular hilum, and no vein of consequence emerging from the renal hilum. Venous outflow is virtually entirely directed to the peripheral plexuses. The venous pattern differs from that of most mammals in which blood drains from the renal parenchyma to arcuate veins and leaves the kidney through a renal vein, or veins, emerging from the hilum.The walls of veins in the kidney are remarkably thin in comparison to their size. Subcapsular veins up to 0.5 mm wide have walls on the parenchymal side that in places consist only of a thin, fenestrated endothelium and a basal lamina.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051840310
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    Distribution of myofiber types in thigh muscles of chickens (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The composition of myofiber types varies within thigh muscles of chickens. The present study was designed to determine whether or not myofiber types were distributed uniformly across the diameter of the thigh muscles of chickens. Cross sections from middle portions of muscles were used histochemically to examine differences in distribution and composition of myofiber types in the muscles. Myofibers that reacted moderately (M) or strongly (S) for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) after preincubation at pH 4.3 were classified as type I. Type I myofibers reacted weakly (W), moderately (M), or strongly (S) for ATPase after preincubation at pH 10.6; these type I myofibers were subclassified into four types (ISW, ISM, ISS, and IMM). Myofibers that reacted negatively for acid-stable ATPase and strongly for alkali-stable ATPase were classified into two types: type IIA, with strong NADH tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), and type IIB, with weak NADH-TR activity. The M. pubo-ischio-femoralis pars lateralis had numerous type IIA myofibers and very few type ISM myofibers, whereas the pars medialis had many type IMM myofibers and few type ISS and IIA myofibers. The type I group of myofibers did not exceed about 50% in the other muscles, which had one to three types of type ISW, ISM, and ISS myofibers. The Mm. femorotibiales had more type ISW, and ISM myofibers in the deep regions near the femur than in the superficial regions. The M. iliotibialis cranialis, M. iliofibularis, and M. flexor cruris medialis had more type ISW, ISM, or ISS myofibers in the medial regions than in the lateral regions. A few type ISW myofibers were scattered in the cranial part of M. iliotibialis and in the M. ambiens. The M. flexor cruris lateralis pars pelvica had type IIA and IIB myofibers exclusively. All the muscles had type IIA myofibers. Type IIB myofibers existed in the muscles except the M. puboischio-femoralis. Type IIA and IIB myofibers differed in proportion in different muscles and in their different regions. The type I group of myofibers was generally concentrated more in the deep regions near the femur and in the medial regions than in the superficial and lateral regions of the thigh muscles. The distribution of type IIA myofibers resembled that of type I group. Type IIB myofibers showed a distribution opposite to that of type I group and IIA myofibers. The spatial distribution of myofiber types within individual muscles can account for the various locomotory and postural requirements of the thigh.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850202
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    Formation of the pronephros and pronephric duct rudiment in the Mexican axolotl (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), the pronephros begins to form at the four-somite stage. It is initially continuous with the posterior-lateral region of somite 2 and the lateral margin of somites 3 and 4. By the seven-somite stage, the pronephros has become compacted, and the cells are now morphologically distinct from the somitic cells. At this stage, a mass of loosely connected cells, apparently originating from the lateral mesoderm, is seen below somites 4 and 5. By the eight-somite stage, these presumptive duct cells have migrated dorsally to the duct path and are found below somites 5-7. By the nine-somite stage they have begun to migrate caudally.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850207
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    Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon and spermiogenesis in the interstitial annelid Potamodrilus fluviatilis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 203-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of spermatozoa and its genesis (spermiogenesis) have been investigated in the interstitial annelid Potamodrilus fluviatilis. The mature spermatozoa are threadlike cells which are bent at the base of the flagellum, giving the cell a hairpinlike appearance. The acrosome consists of an unusual, long, flasklike vesicle with a granum in its basal part. The cylindrical nuclear region is characterized by a monolayer of vesicles enwrapping the posterior half of the nucleus. This region is endowed with a number of altered rodlike mitochondria. No middlepiece is present. The basal body of the flagellum is obliquely arranged with respect to the long axis, giving rise to a curved flagellum, which, along most of its length, exhibits a thick layer of vacuolized cytoplasm around the axoneme. During spermiogenesis, which occurs in the body fluid, spermatids develop at the surface of syncytial masses which have been formed during meiotic divisions. The acrosome protrudes in the distal part of the cell, while the basal body of the flagellum is shifted toward the proximal region, which connects the cell with the cytophore. These are unusual features in annelid spermiogenesis. As indicated in Discussion, the phylogenetic implications of these findings include the assumption that Potamodrilus is not related to any oligochaete or even any other clitellate group or species and, hence, has to be excluded from these taxa.
    Additional Material: 40 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850206
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    Ontogeny of hemopoietic and lymphopoietic tissues in the lizard Chalcides ocellatus (Reptilia, Sauna, Scincidae) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The first and major blood-forming organ to develop in the viviparous lizard Chalcides ocellatus is the yolk sac, which exhibits prominent erythropoietic activity from as early as stage 21 through birth (stage 41). Myeloid cells and megakaryocytes are produced in the yolk sac from stage 23 onward. During lizard embryogenesis hemopoietic activity is also observed in spleen and bone marrow but in neither kidney nor liver. Cells capable of giving rise to lymphocytes both in vivo and in vitro are first found in the thymus at stage 35. Active lymphopolesis in thymus and spleen begins at stages 36 and 39, respectively. In contrast, the gut-associated lymphoid aggregates are not evident before birth.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850209
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    Fine structure and classification of shrimp hemocytes (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 339-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of hemocytes from two species of penaeid shrimp was examined by light and electron (TEM) microscopy. Hemocytes from the two species are indistinguishable and are classified as either agranular, small-granule, or large-granule hemocytes. Agranular hemocytes are the smallest of the hemocytes, lack granules, compose only 5-10% of the circulating hemocytes, and are nonrefractile when examined by light microscopy. Small-granule hemocytes are the most abundant type of hemocyte (75% of all hemocytes), appear nonrefractile, and contain a variable number (1-40) of granules (0.4 μm diameter). Large-granule hemocytes compose 10-20% of the hemocytes. They are filled with granules (0.8 μm in diameter) that are highly refractile when examined by light microscopy and are electron-dense when examined by TEM. Our classification scheme is based solely on the absence or presence and relative size of granules. Features used by other researchers, such as cell size, shape, and staining properties, were not used because these features are subtle and/or subjective. The proposed classification is compared with schemes developed for other decapods, and its usefulness and limitations are discussed. This scheme will serve as a basis for further studies on the maturation and physiological function(s) or crustacean hemocytes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850306
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    Functional morphology of the feeding mechanism in aquatic ambystomatid salamanders (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 297-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study addresses four questions in vertebrate functional morphology through a study of aquatic prey capture in ambystomatid salamanders: (1) How does the feeding mechanism of aquatic salamanders function as a biomechanical system? (2) How similar are the biomechanics of suction feeding in aquatic salamanders and ray-finned fishes? (3) What quantitative relationship does information extracted from electromyograms of striated muscles bear to kinematic patterns and animal performance? and (4) What are the major structural and functional patterns in the evolution of the lower vertebrate skull?During prey capture, larval ambystomatid salamanders display a kinematic pattern similar to that of other lower vertebrates, with peak gape occurring prior to both peak hyoid depression and peak cranial elevation. The depressor mandibulae, rectus cervicis, epaxialis, hypaxialis, and branchiohyoideus muscles are all active for 40-60 msec during the strike and overlap considerably in activity. The two divisions of the adductor mandibulae are active in a continuous burst for 110-130 msec, and the intermandibularis posterior and coracomandibularis are active in a double burst pattern. The antagonistic depressor mandibulae and adductor mandibulae internus become active within 0.2 msec of each other, but the two muscles show very different spike and amplitude patterns during their respective activity periods. Coefficients of variation for kinematic and most electromyographic recordings reach a minimum within a 10 msec time period, just after the mouth starts to open.Pressure within the buccal cavity during the strike reaches a minimum of -25 mmHg, and minimum pressure occurs synchronously with maximum gill bar adduction. The gill bars (bearing gill rakers that interlock with rakers of adjacent arches) clearly function as a resistance within the oral cavity and restrict posterior water influx during mouth opening, creating a unidirectional flow during feeding.Durations of electromyographic activity alone are poor predictors of kinematic patterns. Analyses of spike amplitude explain an additional fraction of the variance in jaw kinematics, whereas the product of spike number and amplitude is the best statistical predictor of kinematic response variables.Larval ambystomatid salamanders retain the two primitive biomechanical systems for opening and closing the mouth present in nontetrapod vertebrates: elevation of the head by the epaxialis and depression of the mandible by the hyoid apparatus.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850304
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    Structure of dactyl sensilla in the kelp crab, Pugettia producta (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 185 (1985), S. 349-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the kelp crab, Pugettia producta, flat plate setae cover all but the ventral surfaces of the walking leg dactyls. Dendrites enter the setal shaft located inside the plate superstructure, and extend to a region of the setal tip that contains a system of minute pores resembling the pore systems found in chemosensory sensilla of insects. Presumably, much of the chemosensitivity of the dactyls in the kelp crab is mediated by the plate setae.In the interior of the dactyl, supporting cells and the neurons innervating plate setae, other types of setae, and other presumptive sensilla form scolopidia. Large scolopidia, containing as many as 12 dendrites, appear to innervate some of the plate setae and also large ventral rodlike setae that might be chemosensory. Two of the dendrites of large scolopidia usually have more densely packed microtubules, longer ciliary axonemes, slightly larger rootlets, and dark A fibers with arms, characteristics indicative of mechanosensory function. Some dactyl setae, therefore, could be both mechanosensory and chemosensory. Small scolopidia containing two or three dendrites that exhibit mechanosensory characteristics appear to innervate small, rodlike setae, which presumably are strictly mechanosensory. The two types of structures located on the epicuticular cap, elliptical structures resembling campaniform sensilla and small cones in pits resembling CAP organs, appear to be dually innervated and presumably are mechanosensory, although other functions are possible.The internal positions of the scolopidia, together with the support afforded by an extracellular dendritic sheath, by the scolopale, and by desmosomelike and septate junctions, may serve to protect internal portions of setal dendrites, some of which appear to remain functional in nonmolting adults that have abraded setae.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051850307
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    Fine structure of the statocyst sensilla of the mysid shrimp Neomysis integer (Leach, 1814) (Crustacea, Mysidacea) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 186 (1985), S. 149-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the statocyst sensilla of Neomysis integer was investigated. The statocyst contains about 35 sensilla, which are composed of two bipolar sensory cells, nine enveloping cells, and a seta.The sensory cells consist of an axon, a perikaryon, and a dendrite. The dendrite contains a proximal segment with a ciliary rootlet and at least one basal body, and a distal segment with a ciliary axoneme (9 × 2 + 0) at its base. The distal segment extends along the peripheral wall of the seta and is in close contact with the wall of the hair shaft.The enveloping cells surround the proximal and distal segments of the dendrite. The innermost enveloping cell contains a scolopale rod. It surrounds the receptor lymph cavity and secretes flocculent material into this cavity. From the tip of the cell a dendritic sheath, which encloses the distal segment of the dendrite, emerges. A peculiar feature of the second enveloping cell is the presence of a scolopale-like rod, which is more slender and less pronounced than in the first enveloping cell.The seta consists of three parts: a socket, a tubular midpart, and a gutter-like apical part, the tip of which penetrates into the statolith. The seta shows over its full length a bilaterally symmetrical axis that is coplanar with the plane in which the seta is bent toward the statolith.The structure of the seta and the position of the distal segments provide morphological evidence for directional sensitivity of the sensilla and for the magnitude of shear on the setal wall being an adequate stimulus.
    Additional Material: 30 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051860203
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    Nucleophilic Heteroaromatic Substitutions. XLII [1] The Reaction of 5-Methyl-4-Phenoxyquinazoline with Piperidine in Isooctane: Further Evidence for Steric Inhibition of Bifunctional Catalysis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 865-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270520
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    Eine einstufige Synthese von Azomethan (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 868-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A One-pot Synthesis of Azomethane
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270521
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    Zur Struktur und dem Komplexbildungsverhalten von 7-[1-(Anilino)-1-(aryl)-methyle]-chinolin-8-olen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 871-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Structure of 7-[1-(Anilino)-1-(aryl)-methyl]-quinolin-8-oles and Their Behaviour in Forming of Complexes
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270522
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    Kalinowski, H.-O.; Berger, St.; Braun, S.: 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie. XII, 685S., 142Abb., 200 Tab., Format 15,5 × 23cm. Stuttgart-New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1984. brosch. 98,-DM (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 878-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270523
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270601
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    Synthesis, electronic spectra and solvatochromic behaviour of 4-arylidene-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3-methyl-2-Pyrazolin-5-ones (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 923-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The u.v.-visible electronic spectra of 4-arylidene-1-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones (1a-f) have been studied. The different bands observed have been assigned to the proper electronic transition. Solvatochromic behaviour of these compounds is investigated by studying their visible spectra in organic solvents of different polarity. The longer wavelength band displayed by the hydroxy derivatives is assigned to an intermolecular CT transition. The H-bonding solvated complexes formed between ethanol or DMF and p-hydroxy substituted derivative are investigated. Transition moment (μCT), ΔG and Kf values of these complexes have been determined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270609
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    Synthesis of Methyl 7-Bromo-5-heptynoate - a building block for the carboxylic side chain of prostaglandinsProstaglandins and Prostaglandin Intermediates. XVI. 15th communication see [1]. The content of this publication is subject of GDR-patent 200 468 (Chem. Abstr. 99 (1983) 194 443) and GDR-patent 214374 (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 917-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl 7-bromo-5-heptynoate (11) was synthesized in 8 steps using the alkylation of 1-(2H-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)-2-propyne with 1-bromo-4-chloro-butane as a key reaction step. Furthermore it was shown, that also the unprotected propargyl alcohol (12) can be C-alkylated with high chemoselectivity using 1-bromo-4-chloro-butane. In this way the number of necessary reaction steps could be reduced without decrease in the total yield. Attempts failed to use trimethylsilyl 4-bromo-butanoate or 4-bromo-butyl acetate as alkylating reagent in this synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270608
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    Zur Rhodium-katalysierten Carbonylierung aromatischer Nitroverbindungen zu Isocyanaten. III. Zur Sauerstoffübertragung bei der Carbonylierung von Nitromesitylen in Gegenwart von Rhodium(I)carbonylchlorid und Molybdänoxychlorid (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 932-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rhodium Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Form Arylisocyanates. III. On Oxygen Transfer in the Carbonylation of Nitromesitylene in the Presence of Rhodium(I)Carbonyl Chloride and Molybdenum OxytrichlorideRh2Cl2(CO4) and MoOCl3 or MoOCl4 catalyze the carbonylation of nitromesitylene to form mesityl isocyanate at 1000C and normal pressure. Experiments with Mo18OCl3 show that the deoxygenation of the nitro group proceeds directly by the CO ligand. The 18O-atom of the cocatalyst is not involved in the oxygen transfer process. Experimental evidence is given for the formation of an oxomolybdenum complex in situ containing the deoxygenated nitromesitylene as a structure unit.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270610
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    Determination of relative Autoxidation Rates of Simple Alkylaromatic Hydrocarbons by competitive reactions (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 945-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Relative rates of oxidative attack at the C—H bonds in α-position to the aromatic nucleus were determined for 10 simple alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. The results obtained by competitive oxidations of binary mixtures were shown to be consistent. From these results and the regioselectivity data already published, relative reactivities referring to the tertiary C—H bond of cumene were calculated for all C—H bonds of the hydrocarbons studied.As expected, p-alkyl groups increase the reactivity of C—H bonds in α-position to the aromatic nucleus. On the other hand, large alkyl groups, bound to the α-C atoms, decrease the reactivity of the α-C—H bonds.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270612
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  • 138
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    Racematspaltung von 2,3-Diphenylbernsteinsäure (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1023-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270622
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  • 139
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    Dynamic N.M.R. studies of hindered rotation on N—C(X) bond fragment XVIIIpart XVII: E. Kleinpeter, S. Behrendt and L. Beyer, Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 495 (1982) 105.. Restricted rotation about the partial C,N-double bond in substituted thioacetamides (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1025-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270623
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  • 140
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    Use of a Mercury Bubble Electrode for preparative organic electrolysis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1028-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270624
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  • 141
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    Nuhn, P.; Hofmann, H.- J.: Molekulare Wirkungsmechanismen von Pharmaka. Eine Einfuhrung in die Molekularpharmakologie. - E. Hofmann, 188 S., 30 Abb., 17 Tab., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1985. Wissenschaftliche Taschenbücher (WTB/Biologie) Brosch. 16, - M (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1036-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270626
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  • 142
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    Synthese von 2,7,12,17-Tetraoxa-teranaphtho-(1,2-f h f′h′)-dispiro[8.0.8.1]-nonadecan-ein Vertreter des[8.0.8.1] Dispiran-Typs (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1033-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 2,7,12,17-Tetraoxa-tetranaphtho-(1,2-fhf′h′)-dispiro[8.0.8.1]-nonadecanes-An Example of [8.0.8.1] DispiranesIn einer früheren Mitteilung[1] wurden Dispiran-Systeme beschrieben, welche Repräsentanten der Klasse [6.0.6.1] waren. Die Synthesen dieser Dispirane erfolgten durch Kondensation des 1,1,2,2-Tetrakis(brommethyl)cyclopropans mit 1,2-Diolen,in die gegenseitige Lage der funktionellen Gruppen jedesmal fixiert und genau bestimmt war. Gegenstand der vorliegenden betrachtungen sind Versuche, eine Synthese des [8.0.8.1]-Dispirans auf ähnlichem Wege, wenn auch unter Verwendung labiler Diphenole auszuarbeiten. Zu diesem Zweck wurden zwei reaktive Diphenole mit extrem verschiedenen Rotationsmöglichketen um die Einfachbindung gewählt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270625
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  • 143
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    Synthese von Heterocyclen durch Cycloaddition. IV. Azomethine als Dienophile (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1041-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds by Cycloaddition Reactions. IV Azomethines as Dienophiles
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270628
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  • 144
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    Radikalabfang. II. Abfang und ESR-spektroskopischer Nachweis von Radikalen CH-acider Pyrazolidin-3,5-dione (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1037-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spin Trapping. II. Trapping of radicals from CH-acidic Pyrazolidin-3,5-diones and their Detection by ESR-Spectroscopy
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270627
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  • 145
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    13C- und 15N-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Push-pull-butadienen4. Mitteilung über spektroskopische Untersuchungen von Butadienderivaten; 3. Mitteilung vgl. [2] (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C and 15N N.M.R. Spectroscopic Investigations on Push-pull Butadienes13C and 15N n.m.r. spectroscopic investigations show the push-pull-character of the investigated butadienes 1 and 2. Linear correlations exist between 13C and 15N chemical shifts and σp-constants of substituents on the phenyl ring, and between 13C chemical shifts and ΔG≠ values of the C1=C2 rotation process in 1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270115
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  • 146
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    Prostaglandins and prostaglandin intermediates. XVFor paper XIV of this series see [1]. The content of this publication is in part subject of the GDR-patents 138 768 and 157 096 (Chem. Abstr. 93, 94833 (1980) and 98, 197875 (1983)).. Synthesis of 4-Oxo Carboxylic Acids and γ-Lactones by oxidative cleavage of homoallyl and homopropargyl ketones or alcohols (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A convenient method to convert homoallyl or homopropargyl ketones or alcohols into 4-oxo carboxylic acids or γ-lactones is the oxidative cleavage of the multiple bond with potassium permanganate in diluted sulfuric acid. This is exemplified by the preparation of intermediates for the synthesis of 8-methylprostaglandin C2. The oxidation of the allylic compounds with permanganate is compared with the oxidative cleavage by ozone/hydrogen peroxide, ozone/chromic acid or sodium periodate/potassium permanganate.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270112
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  • 147
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    EPR-Untersuchungen kernchlorierter 4-DimethylaminophenylkationenTeilergebnisse wurden auf der Fotografia Academica, Pardubice, ČSSR, 1982 als Vortrag vorgestellt. (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: EPR Investigations of Ring Chlorinated 4-DimethylaminophenylcationsThe influence of the position and the number of chlorine atoms in the ring of 4-dimethylaminophenylcations on the zero-field-splitting(zfs) parameter Dis investigated. It was found that the π-donor ability of the chlorine atom(s) ind 2(6)-position(s) increases the zfs parameter D. In the case of 3(5)-substitution the value of D decreases because of the steric hindrance of the dimethylamino-group.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270117
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  • 148
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    Untersuchungen zum UV/Vis-Spektralverhalten von Azofarbstoffen. XII. Eine Analyse der Korrelationen zwischen Absorptionsmaxima und den Hammett-σ-Konstanten der Substituenten (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on UV/Vis Absorption Spectra of Azo Dyes. XII. An Analysis of the Correlations between Absorption Maxima and Hammett-σ-Constants for the SubstituentsPreviously claimed relationships between wavelength shifts and Hammett-σ-constants for the substituents are mostly unfounded. In certain cases, good linear correlations are found, but in other cases the plots deviate appreciably from linearity.We have examined such correlations on the basis of the classification scheme of organic dyes suggested by Fabian (charge transfer-(CT)-chromophores, locally excited-(LE)-chromophores) respectively Griffiths (donor-acceptor chromogens, cyanine-type chromogens).It was shown that good linear correlations should be obtained by LE-chromophores (cyanine-type chromogens). In CT-chromophores (donor-acceptor chromogens) however, an electron withdrawing substituent in the acceptor fragment causes a bathochromic displacement of the absorption maxima, and in the donor fragment it has little influence. A reversed behaviour was assumed for electron releasing substituents. Thus in CT-chromophores V-type correlations should be obtained.These rules are equally applieable to interpret the linear relationships between σ-constants and the difference between the absorption maxima of two different, equilibrating species.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270118
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  • 149
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    The reactions of Boron and Aluminium Isopropoxides with the imines derived from sulphonamides (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 144-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270121
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  • 150
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    Pyryliumverbindungen, XXVI. Vergleichende UV/Vis-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an 3-Methyl-2,4,6-triaryl-pyrylium-perchloraten (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrylium Compounds. XXVI. Comparative U.V./Vis. Studies on 3-Methyl-2,4,6-triarylpyrylium Perchlorates
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270122
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  • 151
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    Zuordnung der 13C-NMR-Spektren von Cl-substituierten 4-Nitro-N, N-dimethylanilinen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Assignment of 13C-N.M.R. Spectra of Cl-substituted 4-Nitro-N,N-dimethylanilines
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270124
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  • 152
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    Reaction with benzo[b]thiophene-2,3-dione A Novel Synthesis of Thiocoumarin Derivatives (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270219
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  • 153
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    EPR-Untersuchungen zur Photolyse halogenierter organischer Verbindungen. I. Reine Phasen halogenierter Verbindungen (CBr4, CHBr3, CCl4, CHCl3) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 310-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: EPR-Investigations on the Photolysis of Halogenated Organic Compounds I. Pure Halogenated Compounds (CBr4, CHBr3, CCl4 and CHCl3)EPR-spectra of CBr4, CHBr3 and CDBr3, exposed to u.v.-light and γ-rays respectively, are presented. They are discussed and compared with the results of the photolysis of CH2Br2, CH3Br and CCl4, CHCl2, CH2Cl2 and CH3Cl. Under stationary conditions at 77K it was possible to identify paramagnetic species like \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm CBr}_4\,^{_{\bar.}} $\end{document}, ·CBr3, ·CH3, ·C2H5, ·CCl3 and trapped electrons.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270216
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  • 154
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    EPR-Untersuchungen zur Photolyse halogenierter organischer Verbindungen. II. CHBr3 und CBr4 in glasartigen und polykristallinen Matrices (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 317-327 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: EPR-Investigations on the Photolysis of Halogenated Organic Compounds. II. CHBr3 and CBr4 in Glassy and Polycrystalline MatricesPhotolysis of CHBr3, CDBr3 and CBr4 in glassy and polycrystalline matrices (alcohols, diethylether, benzene derivatives and KBr) at T ≥ 77 K yields stationary e.p.r.-spectra in the range of effective g-factor from 2.2 to 1.9. By comparison of the spectra of CHBr3 and CDBr3, exposed to γ-rays and u.v. light respectively, and the spectra of these compounds in matrices it was shown that the photolysis in matrices produces the species \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm CBr}_4\,^{_{\bar.}} $\end{document}, ·CBr3 and α-Br-radicals from the halogenated compounds and HĊO, ·CH3, CH3ĊHOH, RĊHOH, and ·C2H5 from the matrix. Photolysis of halogenated compounds in CH3OH and CD3OD yields only HĊO and ·CH3 together with a very small amount of bromine-containing radicals. In all other investigated matrices the concentration of bromine containing species is controlled by physical and chemical properties of the matrix. Time development of the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm CBr}_4\,^{_{\bar.}} $\end{document}-radical and of those generated from the matrix is different and gives insight into the complex photoreaction in solid matrices.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270217
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  • 155
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270301
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  • 156
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    Chemische Desoxyoligonucleotidsynthese mit einer kontinuierlichen Festphasenmethode (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 337-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligodesoxynucleotides by a Continuous-flow Method
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270220
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  • 157
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    Nucleophilic Substitution of Chloride by Acetate in polyethylene glycol 400 (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 350-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270221
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  • 158
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    Polarity of Some Oxime Extractants as determined by gas-liquid-chromatography (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 353-361 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polarity index, retention index, coefficient ϱ and partial Gibbs function of one mole of a solute methylene group and the Sevcik A criterion were determined at different temperatures for some aromatic hydroxyoximes and intermediate ketones by means of gas-liquid chromatography using n-alkanes as nonpolar agents and n-alcohols as polar agents. The relations between these parameters and the relations between the polarity and the compound structure were discussed.In the oxime and ketone molecules the polarity of the hydrophilic groups changes in the following order: —OH〉=NOH〉—O—;and —OH〉—C=O〉—O—, respectively. The ketones have less polarity than the oximes. The phenolic hydroxyl group has twice the polarity of the oxime and the carbonyl groups. The chlorine atom at the ortho position in relation to the hydroxyl group sharply increases the polarity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270302
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  • 159
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    β-Thiocyanatovinylcarbonylverbindungen. XI. Ungewöhnliche Substituenteneffekte bei der massenspektrometrischen Fragmentierung von β-Thiocyanatovinylaldehyden (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 362-370 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-Thiocyanatovinylcarbonyl Compounds. XI. Unusual Substituent Effects in the Mass-spectrometrical Fragmentation of β-ThiocyanatovinylaldehydesThe mass spectra of homologous Z/E-isomers and constitutional isomers of β-thiocyanatovinylaldehydes are discussed. The main fragmentation consisting of HCN-loss from the molecular ion is influenced by the substituents so that the constitutional and steric isomers can be clearly distinguished by the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm M - HC}\left. {\overline {\, {\rm N} \,}}\! \right| + /{\rm M + }^ \cdot $\end{document} ratio. Alkyl homologues with a hydrogen atom in γ-position to the aldehyde group show an unusual intensive CN-radical loss due to a „hidden hydrogen rearrangement“, which was proved by deuteration experiments.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270303
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  • 160
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    Durch bisquartäre Ammoniumsalze katalysierte Zweiphasenreaktion von 1-Bromoctan mit Natriumacetat und Kaliumacetat (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 383-398 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-Phase Reaction of 1-Bromooctane with Sodium Acetate and Potassium Acetate Catalyzed by Diquaternary Ammonium SaltsNew unsaturated diquaternary ammonium salts (diquats) were prepared in two ways from ditertiary amines 3 and 1-bromoalkanes or from 1, 4-dibromobut-2t-ene and tertiary monoamines. A comparison of their catalytic ability with that of saturated diquats and with that of corresponding monoquats was made. The reaction of n-C8H17Br with NaOAc or KOAc in the two-phase system liquid-liquid without an additional solvent is catalyzed more effectively by the unsaturated diquats than by the saturated diquats and the monoquats. Most of the used quats catalyze the ester formation from NaOAc more effectively in the system liquid-liquid, however, the ester formation from KOAc more effectively in the system solid-liquid; KOAc is generally superior to NaOAc in both systems. Consequently, in the phase-transfer catalyzed ester formation from alkali acetate and alkyl halides not only the structure of the quat but also the inorganic cation of the acetate have influence on the rate of conversion.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270305
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  • 161
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    1H-, 13C- und 15N-NMR-Untersuchungen zur Tautomerie von Bispyrazolonen vom Typ der 4,4′-Methyliden-bis-(3-stearoylamino-1-phenyl-pyrazolin-5-one) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 371-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H-N.M.R., 13C-N.M.R., and 15N-N.M.R.-Investigations Concerning Tautomerism of Bispyrazolons of 4,4′-Methyliden-bis-(3-stearoylamino-1-phenyl-pyrazolin-5-on) TypeWith the help of 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shifts of the n.m.r. signals of the structure elements OH, NHCO, 13C-5, 15N-1, 15N-2 and 15N-2-H and using the coupling constants nJ(15N—H) and nJ(13C—15N) (n = 1, 2) of the doubly 15N labelled bispyrazolone 1, a chelated and an associated species were shown to exist in the slightly polar solvent CDCl3. The chelated bispyrazolone (BC)ch contains one pyrazolone ring in the tautomeric NH form B and the other in the tautomeric OH form C. In the associated bispyrazolone (BB)as, both pyrazolone rings exist in the NH form B. Observation of the time, concentration and temperature dependence of the n.m.r. spectra of 1 resulted in the detection of complex exchange processes in tautomeric equilibrium. Apart from the intermolecular exchange process (BC)ch ⇌ (BB)as, another exchange process (BC)ch ⇌ (CB)ch occurs, with intermolecular interactions being involved. It has been established that in the case of substitution in the methylidene bridge (2, 3) the lefthand side of the equilibrium (BC)ch ⇌ (BB)as participates in the process to a greater extent than in the case of 1 (unsubstituted methylidene bridge).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270304
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    Photoinduzierte Elektronenübertragungsreaktionen zwischen aromatischen Diazoniumkationen und Anionen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 399-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoinduced Electron Transfer between Arenediazonium Cations and AnionsAnions X⊖ can act as donors in electron transfer reactions to photoexcited arenediazonium ions. The yield of the arene formed in this reaction increases with decreasing electrochemical oxidation potential EoxD of X⊖ (X⊖ = BPh4⊖, Br⊖, HOOC—COO⊖, Cl⊖, BF4⊖). The oxidized donor X· (Cl·, ·COO⊖) and aryl radicals Ar· benig intermediates of the reductive dediazoniation of ArN2⊖ can be detected by spin trapping with nitrosodurene (ND) and phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). A solvent effect in the electron transfer reaction is interpreted in terms of ion pairing, where the electron transfer is favored by preorientation and a short distance between the electron donor and the acceptor previous to excitation of ArN2⊖ by light.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270306
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  • 163
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    Solvenseffekte bei der Photoinduzierten Elektronenübertragung von ungeladenen Donatoren auf Arendiazoniumsalze (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 411-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solvent Effects in the Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reaction of Uncharged Donors with Arenediazonium SaltsIn the photochemical electron transfer reactions to arene diazonium salts no strong Coulomb forces arise but the rate constants possibly vary in dependence on the state of the diazonium salt (tight ion pair in nonpolar solvents or free diazonium cations). This problem is studied in the present work using anthracene and tetracene, respectively, as electron donors. They react in their S1 states diffusion-controlled with ion pairs ArN2⊖ BF4⊖, whereas the respective triplet reactions proceed up to 103 times more slowly. These rates are not significantly influenced by the dielectric properties of the solvent. Thus, ion pairing of the diazonium salts in solvents of low polarity has no screening effect on the electron transfer.This behavior is explained including electrostatic effects into the MARCUS theory of outer sphere electron transfer processes. No indication of a Marcus inverted region was found.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 164
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    Complexation Ability of Quinophthalone (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 516-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270318
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  • 165
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    Derivatisierung von Aminen mit 4-substituierten 7-Nitrobenz-2,1,3-oxadiazolen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 487-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivatization of Amines with 4-Substitured 7-NitrobenzofurazansElectrophilc derivatives of 4-nitro-benzofurazan with different reactivities were used to synthesize 28 new mono- and disubstituted 4-amino-7-nitrobenzofurazans 2b, 2d, 2f-2i, 2l, 2m-2n, 3b-3f, 3h-3j, 4e-4d, 4f-4k, 4m, 4o-4p. A reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of the differences of the reactivities and a preliminary kinetic examination. The acid character of the N—H-function in monosubstituted compounds is demonstrated by means of spectroscopical investigation of pKa-values.Data from i.r., u. v./vis, and fluorescence studies are offered.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270316
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  • 166
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    Applications of Phase Transfer Catalysis in the Acridine Series. III. A Simple and Convenient Synthesis of 9-Aminoacridine Derivatives (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 521-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270319
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  • 167
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    Photochemie substituierter Cycloheptatriene. XVIIXVI. Mitt.: W. ABRAHAM, R. LANGE, W. PAULICK u. D. KREYSIG: Z. Chem. 23, 182 (1983).. 1-Aryl-4-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-cycloheptatriene (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 505-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemistry of Substituted Cycloheptatrienes. XVII. 1-Aryl-4-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-cycloheptatrienesThe photochemistry of the title compounds is different from that of the isomeric 1-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-4-aryl-cycloheptatrienes. The sigmatropic 1, 7-hydrogen shift is dominant caused by the arylic substituent in position 1 of the seven-membered ring. Only strong donor substituents like the p-methoxyphenyl group in position 1 cause photovalence tautomerism.The properties of solvents influence both the quantum yields of the photoreactions and the fluorescence quantum yields. The connections between the fluorescing state and the photoreactivity are discussed. Solvent viscosity and polarity are shown to be relevant for the deactivation parameters.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270317
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270401
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  • 169
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    Zur NMR-spektroskopischen Z/E-Konfigurationsbestimmung von 1,2-Dithioethen-Derivaten (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N.M.R. Spectroscopic Z/E Configuration Determination of 1,2-Dithioethene Derivatives
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270320
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  • 170
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    Methylation of 5-Aldehydo-6-arylpyridazin-3(2H)-ones via reaction with dimethyl and pentamethyl cuprates (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 536-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Me5Cu3Li2 in ether or ether-pentane mixtures, converts the title compounds efficiently into the corresponding 4-methyl derivatives (5) via conjugate methylation of either α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or N=C—C=C system, together with ⋍20% of 1,2 adducts (6 and 7). With Me2CuLi, however, the product contains, as an average, ⋍55% of 1, 2 adducts and ⋍45% of 1,4-isomer. On the other hand, with MeMgI no 1, 2-methylation could be observed and the only product obtaind is the 1, 4-isomer.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270403
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    Pyryliumverbindungen. XXVII. Spezifisch deuterierte Carbo- und Heterocyclen via 2,4,6-Triaryl-[3,5-2H2]pyryliumsalze (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 529-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrylium Compounds. XXVIII. Specifically Deuterated Carbo- and heterocycles via 2,4,6-Triaryl[3,5-2H2]pyrylium SaltsOn heating with catalytic amounts of bases(e.g. triethyl amine) in deuterated alcohols such as methan[2H]ol or ethan[2H]ol pseudobases of 2, 4, 6-triarylpyrylium salts 1 undergo fast1H/2H isotopic exchange reaction affording 1, 3, 5-triaryl[2, 4, 4-2H3]pent-2-ene-1,5-diones which with [2H] perchloric acid give highly deuterated 2, 4, 6-triaryl-[3, 5-2H] pyrylium perchlorates 8. These salts are obtainable also directly from 1 through a one-pot procedure by ring opening of the latter with deuterium oxide under the above-mentioned1H/2H isotopic exchange conditions followed by recyclization of the formed 1, 3, 5-triaryl[2, 4, 4-2H3]pent-2-ene-1, 5-diones with [2H]ClO4. Ring transformations of 2, 4, 6-triphenyl[3, 5-2H2]pyrylium perchlorate (8a) to 2, 4, 6-triphenyl[3, 5-2H2]nitrobenzene (9) 2, 4, 6-triphenyl[3, 5-2H2]pyridine (10), 1, 2, 4, 6-tetraphenyl[3, 5-2H2]pyrydinium perchlorate(11), 2, 4, 6-triphencyl[3, 5-2H2]thiopyrylium perchlorate(12), 2-benzoyl-3, 5-diphenyl[4-2H]furan (13), and 3, 5, 7-triphenyl-[4, 4, 6-2H3]4H-1, 2-diazepin (14) demonstrate the usability of pyrylium salts of type 8 as starting materials for syntheses of specifically deuterated carbo- and hetrocycles.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 172
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    Acetals and ethers. XII. Reaction Products of Prop-2-enal with 1,2- and 1,3-Diols (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 543-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-(Hydroxyalkoxyethyl)-substituted cyclic acetals (1; 2; 3a-3d; 4a-4d), derivatives of 1, 3-dioxolane or 1, 3-dioxane have been obtained in a p-toluenesulphonic acid-catalysed reaction of prop-2-enal with an excess of ethylene, propylene-1, 2, trimethylene, or butylene-1, 3 glycol. Respective 2-vinyl-1, 3-dioxolanes or 2-vinyl-1, 3-dioxanes were the intermediate products. The products of the reaction involving propylene-1, 2 and butylene-1, 3 glycols were mixtures of cis- and trans-2, 4-disubstituted-1, 3-dioxolanes and cis- and trans-2, 4-disubstituted-1, 3-dioxanes. The structure of HOROCH2CH2- substituents at C-2 atom of 1, 3-dioxacyclane ring has been proved through 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives of the corresponding aldehydes HOROCH2CH2CHO that, however, could not be isolated as individual compounds.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270404
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  • 173
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    Photochemische Reaktionen von ArylglycidethernHerrn Professor Dr. K. Doerffel zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmetLichtinitiierte Polymer- und Polymerisationsreaktionen 19. Mitteilung. 18. Mitteilung: siehe Lit.-Stelle [4] dieser Arbeit. (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 616-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical Reactions of Arylglycidyl EthersThe absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra, respectively, of arylglycidyl ether 1 correspond to those of other alkyl aryl ethers. Also the photolysis product distribution (λ = 254 nm) is in agreement with a normal ether photolysis. Furthermore, photoinduced epoxy ring opening takes place giving homopolyaddition oligomers and in methanolic solution also CH3OH addition products. These reactions can be explained using the model of bichromophoric molecules with the ArO-chromophore as donor and the epoxy ring as acceptor. The calculations based on this model are in agreement with the experimental data. In the aromatic nucleus halogene substituted 1 were dehalogenated with high quantum yield (0.25 in the case of bromo substituted compound 1g). The quantum yields of the ArO-C-bond scission are about 0.08 independently of the aromatic ring substituents. As indicated by sensitization and quenching experiments, respectively, with aromatic hydrocarbons the photo reactions proceed via S1 state. It was found that phenol quenches the photodegradation of 1 very efficiently. Excited methyl phenyl glycerol ether 5a reacts with phenyl glycidylether 1a in its ground state producing oligomers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270412
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    Zur Reaktion von N-Aryl-2,4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1,4-sultamen mit Tetracyanethylen; 1H-, 13C- und 15N-spektroskopische Charakterisierung der Tetracyan-ethylierungs- und Tricyan-vinylierungsprodukteHerrn Professor Dr. K. Doerffel zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 627-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: About the Reaction of N-Aryl-2,4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1,4-sultames with Tetracyanoethylene; 1H, 13C and 15N N.M.R. Spectroscopic Charcterization of the Products of Tetracyanethylation and TricyanvinylationThe 4-methyl group in N-aryl-2, 4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1, 4 sultames is C—H-acidic and adds therefore to tetracyanethylene. The adducts easily lose HCN on dissolving in DMSO to form N-aryl-2-methyl-4-(2, 3, 3-tricyanoprop-2-ene-1-ylidene)-but-2-en-1, 4-sultames 4, which form sodium salts at C-1. The structures of the compounds obtained were determined by 13C and 15N n.m.r. spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270413
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  • 175
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270101
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    4′-tert-Alkylbenzo[15]krone-5-ether. Synthesen und Kaliumthiocyanat-KomplexeProfessor Dr.-Ing. Dr.h.c. Eberhard Leibnitz zum 75. Geburtstage gewidmet (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 2-9 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4′-tert-Alkylbenzo[15]Crown-5-Ether. Syntheses and Complexes with Potassium ThiocyanateThe title compounds 4 are synthesized either by alkylation of pyrocatechole 1 in 4-position and followed by ring closure with 1,11-dichloro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane or by alkylation of benzo[15]-crown-5 3. In most cases the way first mentioned gives better results. Analytical samples of the alkylated benzo[15]crown-5 ethers 4 are obtained through complexing with KSCN.Physical data and 1H-n.m.r.-spectra of 5 new pyrocatecholes 2 and 6 new benzo[15]crown-5 ethers 4 are given.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270103
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    Photochemical Dediazoniation of Arene Diazonium Salts sensitized by zink meso-tetraphenyl porphyrinProfessor Dr.-Ing. Dr.h.c. Eberhard Leibnitz zum 75. Geburtstage gewidmet (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 21-34 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoexcited zink tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) reacts with arene diazonium salts via electron transfer according to the oxidation mechanism. This is proved by ESR spectroscopy of ZnTPP+ formed and the fact that N2 and ZnTPP+ are formed in a molar ratio.Due to very different life-times of1(ZnTPP)* and 3(ZnTPP)* it is possible to differentiate between singlet and triplet electron transfer reactions using different diazonium salt concentrations. In this way, the respective quenching constants are determined by means of flash spectroscopy.Due to electron back transfer the singlet reaction at high concentrations of diazonium salts (0.1M) is inefficient (quantum yield 0.1), whereas back electron transfer is symmetry-forbidden in the triplet reaction which, therefore, proceeds with high quantum yields, mearly reaching the ISC quantum yield.From differences between the triplet quenching constants determined by flash spectroscopy and from product quantum yields, respectively, and from corresponding kinetic models it is concluded that the triplet reaction proceeds via a reversibly formed triplet exciplex.Complexes of meso tetraphenyl porphyrin containing Pb(II), Sn(IV), Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III), respectively, have lower sensitization activities decreasing in the order, given in the text.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270105
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    Photochemie von Aminoketonen. VII. Eine diastereoselektive Synthese von 3-Hydroxy-prolinen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 51-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemistry of Aminoketones. VIII. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-prolinesGlycine esters react in two steps (aminoalkylation and N-acylation) to N-acyl-N-(β-benzoylethyl)-glycine ester 3. In less polar solvents these ketonic compounds are n,π*-excited by 300 nm irradiation. In ether 3* yield mixtures of aminocyclopropanoles 4, hydroxyprolines 5 and products of additions and cleavages. In benzene and cyclohexane/benzene, respectively, the regioselective photocyclization to 5 is favoured. Furthermore this hydroxyproline synthesis has the advantages of high diastereoselectivity yielding the (2,3) E-5 and of high overall-yields in connection with the one pot method. The influence of solvents and substituents on the regio- and diastereoselectivity are explained using a model with stabilization of special conformations of intermediates by dipol-dipol interactions.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270108
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    Prostaglandins and prostaglandin intermediates. XIV. Synthesis of rac-9α, 11α, 13α-trihydroxy- and rac-9α, 11α, 13β-Trihydroxy-5(Z)-prosten-15-ynoic Acid (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Attempts to rearrange a β-hydroxy-alkyne with a secondary hydroxy group into an α,β-unsaturated ketone failed in the case of a potential prostaglandin intermediate. However, it was possible to convert this intermediate into 13-hydroxy-5(Z)-prosten-15-ynoic acids, which are interesting prostaglandin analogues with a modified alkyl side chain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270111
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    Photochemie diarylsubstituierter 2H-Tetrazole. II. Zum Einfluß der Substituenten auf die Absorptionseigenschaften diarylsubstituierter Nitrilimine (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 96-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemistry of Diarylsubstituted 2H-Tetrazoles. II. The Influence of the Substituents on the Absorption Properties of Diarylsubstituted NitriliminesIrradation of 2,5-diaryl-2H-tetrazoles in an EPA-glass (ether: i-pentan: ethanol=5:5:2) or in an i-pentan glass at 77-80 K with UV-light of wavelength 290 nm yields diarylnitrilimines by the extrusion of nitrogen. The photoreactions investigated show spectroscopic unity. 22 diarylnitrilimines are included in the discussion with regards to the influence of substituents on the absorption maxima. The influence of substituents is interpreted by a LFE-relationship. An intramolecular charge transfer as the reason for the relatively strong dependence of νa∼max-values on substituents is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270114
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270201
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  • 182
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    IR-spektroskopische Untersuchung zur Lösungsmittelwechselwirkung von 1-Benzylidenpyrazolid-3-on-betainen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigation of Solvent-Solute Interactions of 1-Benzylidenepyrazolidone (3) -betaines by I.R. SpectroscopyThe infrared spectra of eight 1-benzylidenepyrazolidone(3)-betaines (1-7 and 3 m) have been measured in 22 solvents of different polarity. The carbonyl band of these compounds indicates specific and non-specific solvent-solute interactions, which are qualitatively characterized by the electrophilic properties of the solvent (ETN-value, acceptor number AN). Intermolecular hydrogen bonds have been detected in protic solvents. The thermodynamic quantities of the associate equilibrium, K,ΔRH,ΔRS were determined in chloroform and deuterochloroform, respectively, by the i.r. intensity method.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270203
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  • 183
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    Elektrochemische Oxydation organischer Verbindungen in Fluorsulfonsäure. X. Effekt der Aciditätserhöhung auf das anodische Verhalten einiger aromatischer Verbindungen im System HSO3F—SbF5 (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 191-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Fluorsulfuric Acid. X. Effect of the Increase in Acidity on the Anodic Behavior of Some Aromatic Compounds in the HSO3F—SbF5-SystemThe effect of the acidity on the anodic behavior of some aromatic nitrils, nitro compounds, amines, sulfonyl fluorides, carbonyl compounds, hydrocarbons, benzylic acetates and methoxy compounds is investigated by cyclic voltammetry in HSO3F and HSO3F—SbF5 (molecular ratio 15:1 and 3:1) at -76°C and in some cases in HSO3F—SbF5 (1:1) at -40°C. With increasing content of SbF5 in most cases a positive shift of the anodic half-peak potentials Δ Ep/2 is found, which depends on the type and on the strength of the interaction with the superacidic solvent. Δ Ep/2 increases from the protonated functional groups in the series —NH3⊕ (0.00 V), —CN (0.05-0.10 V), —SO2F (0.10-0.20 V), —COR (0.20-0.40 V), —NO2 (0.30-0.60 V), —OCH3 (〉0.8 V) to benzoylium ions (0.45-0.60 V), benzyl cations (0.60-0.80 V) and arenium ions (1.10-1.30 V). Besides, the anodic behavior depends to a large extent on the deprotonation rate of the substrate, which occurs precedingly to, simultaneously with or subsequent to the electron transfer.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270204
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  • 184
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    Substituenteneffekt und Mechanismus der thermischen Rücktautomerisierung belichteter Salicylidenaniline (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituent Effect and Mechanism of the Thermal Retautomerization of Flashed Salicylidene AnilinesV-shaped Hammett plots are obtained with a series of p-substituted salicylidene anilines for the relaxation rate of their phototautomers. This is interpreted by a change-over in the mechanism from O-protonation (donor substituents) to NH-deprotonation (acceptor substituents) as rate determining initial steps in alcoholic solvents. The observed acid and base catalysis strongly support the assumption of an o-quinoid geometry of the phototautomer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270207
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  • 185
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    Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Tautomeric Study of Thiazoles substituted in positions 2 and 4 by hydroxy, mercapto and amino groups (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thiazoles substituted in positions 2 and 4 by hydroxy, mercapto and amino groups were synthesized, as well as its carbamate derivates and formylhydrazones. The research of the reaction of the formylhydrazide with 4-imino-2-thiazolidinone has not given the pyrazolo [3,4-d]- thiazol-2-one, but the 4-formylhydrazono-2-thiazolidine. The detailed tautomeric study of each of the heterocyclic compounds has been carried out by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance of proton and of 13-carbon, and of masses.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270210
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  • 186
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    Sensibilisierte Photooxidation und 13C-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchung von 5,6-Dihydrodicyclopentadien-Derivaten (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 837-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photooxidation and 13C N.M.R. Spectroscopic Investigation of 5,6-Dihydrodieyelo-pentadiene DerivativesThe sensitized photooxidation of endo-5,6-dihydrodicyclopentadiene (2) by singulet oxygen gives via the corresponding hydroperoxide (10) exo-1-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrodieyelopentadiene (7a). Starting from exo-5,6-dihydrodicyclopentadiene (6) exo-5,6-dihydrodicyelopentadien-1-one (12) is formed. The 13C n.m.r.spectroscopical data of these compounds and of other hydroxy, alkoxy and acyloxy dihydrodieyclopentadiene derivatives are discussed in relation on their structure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270516
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  • 187
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    Transcription of ribosomal RNA is differentially controlled in resting and growing BALB/c 3T3 cells (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 160-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Shortly after serum-deprived BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts are stimulated to grow in medium containing 10% calf serum, the RNA polymerase I activity in permeabilized cells shows a two-fold increase over the values observed in either serum-deprived or density-inhibited resting cells. Inhibition of protein synthesis by pactamycin or cycloheximide specifically reduces the enhanced RNA polymerase I activity in serum-stimulated cultures without affecting the values in resting cells. On the other hand, inhibition of rRNA processing by the nucleoside analogs 5-fluoruridine and toyocamycin decreases the rate of 45S rRNA transcription in serum-stimulated cells but has no effect on the values found in resting cultures. These data suggest that the regulation of rRNA transcription occurs by two different mechanisms, depending on the growth state of the cell. One mechanism, in serum-stimulated cells, is dependent on a continuous protein synthesis and a correct 45S rRNA processing; the other, in resting cells, is independent of these two parameters.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240125
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  • 188
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    Permissive role of interleukin 3 (IL-3) in proliferation and differentiation of multipotential hemopoietic progenitors in culture (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 182-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We studied the effects of interleukin-3 (IL-3) on colony formation by hemopoietic progenitors in methylcellulose cultures of spleen cells from 5-fluorouracil (FU)-treated mice. Purified IL-3 supported the growth of various types of multilineage colonies including blast cell colonies. The types of colonies were similar to those supported by pokeweed-mitogen spleen cell conditioned medium (PWM-SCM), except that IL-3 supported eosinophil and neutrophil expression better. Delayed addition of IL-3 to cultures 7 days after cell plating decreased the number of colonies to one-half the number in cultures with IL-3 added on day 0. It did not alter the proliferative and differentiation characteristics of late emerging multipotential blast cell colonies. These observations suggest that IL-3 does not trigger hemopoietic progenitors into active cell proliferation but is necessary for their continued proliferation. This permissive role of IL-3 is consistent with a stochastic model of stem cell proliferation which features random entry into cell cycle. IL-3 also supported the growth of multilineage colonies from single cells isolated from blast cell colonies by micromanipulation. This result shows that IL-3 acts directly on multipotential progenitors. Analysis of colonies derived from paired progenitors revealed disparate lineage expression and was in accordance with the stochastic model of stem cell differentiation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240203
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  • 189
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    A Collagen:Glucosyltransferase at the surface of malignant fibroblasts (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: 3T12 fibroblasts possess glucosyltransferases that catalyze the transfer of glucose from UDP-Glucose to galactosylhydroxylysyl residues on collagenous acceptors. The presence of the enzyme activity at the cell surface is indicated by the following findings: (a) suspensions of intact cells, as well as intact cell monolayers, glucosylate gelatinized collagen (b) glucose transfer is not due to UDP-Glucose hydrolysis and subsequent intracellular utilization of the free glucose (c) experiments using cell suspensions with known proportions of broken cells indicate that the glucosyltransferase activity is attributable to intact cells and not to contamination by intracellular enzymes from broken cells. The Km value for UDP-Glucose is about 20 μM. The enzyme has a pronounced requirement for manganese, and shows highest activity between 2 and 10 mM. The optimal Mn2+ concentration for the intracellular gelatin:glucosyltransferase activity is more restricted (5 to 10 mM). Glucosyltransferase activity is strongly inhibited by diamide and N-ethylmaleimide (5 mM), suggesting that intact sulfhydryl residues present in the enzyme are essential.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240207
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  • 190
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    Production of insulin-like growth factor-II (MSA) by endoderm-like cells derived from embryonal carcinoma cells: Possible mediator of embryonic cell growth (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The present study was carried out to determine if an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) type activity might be produced by embryonal carcinoma-derived cells. The cell line used to condition growth medium for the isolation of secreted growth factors was a newly established Dif 5 cell type. Dif 5 cells are a differentiated endoderm-like cell type derived from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells (which possess properties similar to mouse embryonic stem cells) following extensive exposure to retinoic acid. When growth medium conditioned by Dif 5 cells is chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 in 1 M acetic acid two peaks of activity are observed which compete for specific [125I]iodo multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) binding to PYS cells. MSA is the rat homologue of human IGF-II. The high molecular weight fraction (Mr ˜ 60K) apparently corresponds to IGF-binding protein as determined by its ability to bind [125I]iodo-MSA. The low molecular weight fraction (Mr ˜ 8K) is biologically active as this fraction stimulates [3H]thymidine incorporation into serum-starved chick embryo fibroblasts. Radioimmunoassay data indicate that the IGF-like activity produced by Dif 5 cells is more closely related to IGF-II than to IGF-I. Undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma stem cell lines (F9, Nulli, and PCC4) produced little of this MSA-like activity, while PYS-2 (parietal endoderm-like) cells produced about 16 ng MSA/106 cells/24 hr as determined by radioimmunoassay. Dif 5 and PSA-5E (visceral endoderm-like) cells, are found to secrete significant amounts of MSA into the growth medium (30-50 ng MSA/106 cells/24 hr). These findings offer further support to a proposal that MSA (IGF-II) produced by endoderm cells, particularly visceral endoderm, may serve as an early embryonic growth factor.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240205
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    Relationship of ornithine decarboxylase activity and cAMP metabolism to proliferation of normal human bronchial epithelial cells (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mechanisms of action of extracellular mitogens for normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) were investigated by observing their effects on selected biochemical pathways when the cells were incubated in serum-free media. We find that (a) epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and the rate of cell division without stimulating cAMP; (b) alone, pituitary extract (PEX) does not stimulate ODC activity, cAMP levels, or cell division; (c) when PEX is added to medium containing EGF there is a further increase in both ODC activity and the rate of cell division, again with no increase in cAMP levels; (d) in contrast, alone, L-epinephrine (EPI) stimulates an increase in both ODC and cAMP but does not stimulate cell division; (e) when EPi is added to medium containing both EGF and PEX a further increase in the rate of cell division is noted; (f) the specific inhibitor of ODC, α- (difluoromethyl)-ornithine (DMFO), also inhibits NHBE cell proliferation; and (g) the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol inhibits the mitogenic action and ODC induction by EPI observed under condition e. We conclude that an increase in ODC activity is necessary but not sufficient for an increase in proliferation of NHBE cells. In contrast, cAMP stimulation is not necessary for an increase in NHBE cell division. However, in the presence of undefined factors in PEX, increases in cAMP levels result in a synergistic increase in the rate of EGF-stimulated clonal growth. By correlating the biochemical pathways invoked by EGF, PEX, EPI, and combinations thereof with their mitogenic actions, we have better defined the role each of these different mitogens plays in stimulating epithelial cell division.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240206
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  • 192
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    Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on growth and differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A murine embryonal carcinoma cell line (F9) was used to examine the effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on the growth and differentiation of malignant cells. The cells can be induced to differentiate into parietal endodermal cells by treatment with retinoic acid. The pulsed electromagnetic field (1 Gauss and 10 Gauss) promoted the growth of embryonal carcinoma cells in both the presence and absence of retinoic acid. The pulsed electromagnetic field was also found to inhibit retionic acid-induced differentiation, when the degree of differentiation was based on morphological criteria or on the production of plasminogen activator.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240212
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  • 193
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    Characterization of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase-inducing factor (NAP-IF) (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A factor, termed neutrophil alkaline phosphatase-inducing factor (NAP-IF), that has the capacity to increase the NAP activity of granulocytes was characterized by using two samples: cystic fluid (CF) and conditioned medium of a tumor cell line (T3M5). The molecular weight of NAP-IF was shown to be between 13,000 and 45,000, and its isoelectric point was between 5.5 and 6.2. It was sensitive to heat and proteolytic enzymes, but was resistant to DNase and RNase, suggesting that NAP-IF is an acidic protein or glycoprotein. These characteristics of NAP-IF seem to be similar to those of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) that is also present in the CF. NAP-IF rich fractions obtained by isoelectric focusing from CF were also found to be rich in a subclass of GM-CSF: granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF). Furthermore, a high correlation was noted between the activities of G-CSF and NAP-IF (γ = 0.798, P 〈 0.005). These results suggest that the two activities, i.e., G-CSF and NAP-IF, may be attributable to an identical macromolecule.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240213
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  • 194
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    The essential role of L-glutamine in lymphocyte differentiation in vitro (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The biochemistry of human B lymphocyte differentiation to plasma cells is incompletely understood. L-glutamine appears to be required for both lymphoblastic transformation and plasma cell formation in pokeweed-mitogenstimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. Cells cultured with pokeweed mitogen in glutamine-deficient RPMI-1640 with 10% heat-inactivated and dialyzed fetal bovine serum were unable to incorporate 3H-thymidine or undergo morphologic lymphoblastic transformation assessed at 72 hours. However, 3H-thymidine incorporation could be maximally restored with as little as 0.08 mM L-glutamine or by using nondialyzed heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, containing approximately .1 mM L-glutamine. In subsequent cultures, using glutamine-deficient RPMI-1640 with 10% nondialyzed heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, lymphoblastic transformation was equivalent with or without additional L-glutamine supplementation. However, only cultures with 2 mM L-glutamine supplementation underwent plasma cell differentiation as assessed by cytoplasmic staining with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin. When the kinetics of cellular immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion were analyzed by 3H- leucine incorporation into immunoglobulin, synthesis was 2-5 fold greater, and secretion 3-10-fold greater in cell cultures with 2 mM L-glutamine supplementation. By electron microscopy, only the glutamine-supplemented cells showed development of rough endoplasmic reticulum consistent with active immunoglobulin production. L-glutamine supplementation had no apparent effect on cell recovery, viability, % B cells, % T cells, % monocytes, or % helper and suppressor T cells. Thus, L-glutamine is essential for both lymphoblastic transformation and plasma cell differentiation. Future investigation of the selective nutritional requirements of cultured cells should yield further insights into the biochemical control of immune cell differentiation and function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240216
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  • 195
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    A gene-controlling response of bone marrow progenitor cells to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The production of granulocytes and macrophages from progenitor cells in the bone marrow is controlled, in part, by a family of humoral regulators, termed colony stimulating factors (CSF). We have examined genetic factors controlling this process using in vitro cloning techniques. The inbred mouse strain LP/J showed elevated colony formation (CFU-C) in response to one subtype of CSF (G, M-CSF) compared to other strains of mice examined including the strain C57BL/6J. This variation resulted in a shift to the left of the CFU-C dose-response curve for LP/J. No difference between LP/J and C57BL/6J was seen with another subtype of CSF (CSF-1). Maximal CFU-C response was similar in the two mouse strains with both types of CSF, and mixing experiments with both types of CSF gave the same maximal level of colony formation as the individual CSF. (C57BL/6J x LP/J)FI progeny exhibited a CFU-C dose-response curve to CSF-2 that was intermediate between the parental types, indicating additive inheritance. Genetic analysis of backcross progeny suggested that the variation in CFU-C response is probably determined by a single primary gene, although the variability of the colony formation assay has complicated interpretation of genetic studies. These results suggest that CSF-1 and G, M-CSF act independently on a single bone marrow progenitor cell population. The properties of the genetic variation for G, M-CSF response are consistent with an alteration in cellular receptors for G, M-CSF.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240219
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    Role of phorbol ester receptors in the 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced down-regulation of colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) binding to murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Treatment of murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) by tumor-promoting phorbol esters (TPA) results in a rapid loss of binding activity to radioactive-labeled colony-stimulating factor ([125I]-CSF-1) on the cell surface. The inhibitory effect of TPA on PEM is transient; treated cells recover full [125I]-CSF-1 binding activity in less than 6 hr at 37°C either in the presence or after the removal of added TPA. The role of phorbol ester receptors in the induction of [125I]-CSF-1 binding inhibition was studied. The biologically active ligand [3H]-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]-PDBu) bound specifically to cultured murine PEM. At 0°C, stable and equilibrium binding occurred after 2-3 hr. Scatchard analysis revealed linear plots with a dissociation constant and receptor number per cell of 20.9 nM and 3.9 × 105/cell, respectively. Treatment of PEM with biologically active phorbol esters at 37°C rapidly inhibited the binding activity of [3-H]-PDBu on cell surface (down-regulation) and rendered these cells refractory to the TPA-induced [125I]-CSF-1 binding inhibition by the subsequent TPA treatment. The inhibition of phorbol ester binding activity on TPA-treated PEM is caused by a reduction in the total number of available phorbol ester receptors rather than by a decrease in receptor affinity as judged by Scatchard analysis. The disappearance of [3H]-PDBu binding activity is reversible and transient. However, unlike CSF-1 receptors the restoration of phorbol ester receptors on TPA-treated PEM is a very slow process; a prolonged incubation of up to 72 hr after the removal of TPA was required for PEM to regain fully its [3H]-PDBu binding activity. Furthermore, the degree of TPA-induced CSF-1-receptor down-regulation is closely associated with the number of available phorbol ester receptors present on PEM at the time of treatment. Thus, the refractoriness to TPA diminished as the phorbol ester receptors on PEM recovered. A 72-hr incubation time at 37°C was needed for PEM to lose their refractoriness and again become fully sensitive to TPA-induced CSF-1-receptor down-regulation. This study provides evidence that the loss of CSF-1-receptors induced by TPA treatment requires the presence of phorbol ester receptors and proceeds presumbaly via a co-internalization of both CSF-1 and phorbol ester receptors; the refractoriness to TPA is thereby induced by a transient loss of available phorbol ester receptors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240221
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  • 197
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    Induction of DNA polymerase α in senescent cultures of normal and Werner's syndrome cultured skin fibroblasts (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 331-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: DNA polymerase α activity was determined following serum stimulation of early and late passages of human diploid fibroblast-like (HDFL) cultures derived from apparently normal donors (two strains) and from a patient with Werner's syndrome (one strain). Induction of this enzyme was observed in both low passage, actively proliferating cultures and in postmitotic “senescent” cultures from all three strains. The maximal polymerase activity of early and late passage cells of each strain were nearly identical when normalized to the number of cells present. However, the activity of the enzyme was observed to be significantly lower in late passage cultures when normalized to total protein content apparently because of enlargement of the senescent cells. The behavior of Werner derived cells was similar to that of the normal cells. The induction of DNA polymerase α in senescent cultures indicates that they retain the capacity to carry out some complex metabolic responses to mitogen stimulation. In addition, these results suggest the possibility that dilution of DNA polymerase α and/or other DNA replication factors may play a role in the onset or maintenance of the postmitotic state in the enlarged senescent HDFL cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240224
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  • 198
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    The specific phosphorylation of a 40S ribosomal protein in growth-arrested tetrahymena is induced by sodium (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the past few years, in vivo phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins has been the subject of extensive studies and the results have shown that reversible phosphorylation of small subunit ribosomal protein S6, ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, is apparently related to regulation of protein synthesis initiation. Thus the level of protein synthesis under various conditions is correlated with the level of S6 phosphorylation. In exponentially growing Tetrahymena, however, such phosphorylation does not occur, but when these cells are transferred to starvation buffers, the rate of protein synthesis is drastically reduced and a 40S ribosomal protein analogous to S6 of higher eukaryotic cells is fully and rapidly phosphorylated in all the ribosomes. We have studied the conditions which lead to this phosphorylation in growth-arrested Tetrahymena, in order to understand the physiological significance of this process. Our results show that there is no obvious correlation between this phosphorylation and starvation. Moreover, it is not a developmentally regulated process related to the conjugation cycle, but a modification induced by the presence of sodium ions or high concentration of Tris in the starvation buffer. The physiological significance of this process is discussed in terms of accumulation of negative charge density probably required for initiation of protein synthesis in the growth-arrested cells starving in Na+-containing buffers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240227
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  • 199
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    cAMP-induced phenotypic reversion of adhesion, aggregation, and endocytosis in adhesion-defective CHO cell variants (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: ADvF11 cells are a CHO adhesion variant which, unlike wild type (WT) cells, are not able to adhere to fibronectin (Fn) coated substrata or to be aggregated by Fn-beads. However, ADvF11 cells bind Fn-beads to the same extent as WT cells, thus suggesting that the defect(s) associated with ADvF11 cells are distal to the initial receptor-ligand binding event (Cheung and Juliano, Exp. Cell Res. 152:127, 1984). In this communication we report that cAMP analogs such as dibutyryl-cAMP (dbcAMP) and 8-bromo-cAMP are able to correct defect(s) associated with ADvF11 cells enabling them to adhere to Fn-coated dishes and to aggregate in the presence of Fn-beads. However, only approximately 40% of ADvF11 cells were found to be responsive to dbcAMP suggesting heterogeneity in the cell population with respect to dbcAMP sensitivity. Further analysis of this partial response led us to isolate a subclone of ADvF11 cells, F11CA11, which is highly responsive to dbcAMP treatment. Induction of Fn-mediated cell adhesion and aggregation in F11CA11 by dbcAMP is both time and dose dependent. Optimal responses were obtained after overnight incubation in alpha-MEM containing, 1% fetal calf serum, 4% bovine serum albumin, 0.5 mM dbcAMP and 0.2 mM methyl-isobutyl-xanthine (MIX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Under these conditions, 70-80% of F11CA11 cells were found to be adherent, compared to 5-7% of untreated F11CA11 cells and 95-100% of WT cells. Aggregation of dbcAMP-MIX treated F11CA11 cells induced by Fn-beads also approached that of WT cells. In addition, treatment with dbcAMP-MIX markedly increased the ability of F11CA11 cells to internalize Fn-beads. The maintenance of the adherent phenotype required the constant presence of dbcAMP-MIX. Removal of dbcAMP-MIX from the incubation medium resulted in return to the original nonadhesive phenotype. Thus, elevation of cAMP levels can dramatically modify the behavior of F11CA11 cells with respect to fibronectin mediated adhesion, aggregation and endocytosis, in effect causing a phenotypic reversion of all three parameters to wild type status. This suggests that the mechanisms for adhesion, aggregation and endocytosis may each involve regulation by cyclic AMP-protein kinase systems.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240225
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  • 200
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    Modulation of intracellular potassium and ATP: Effects on coated pit function in fibroblasts and hepatocytes (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 124 (1985), S. 372-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Previously we reported that cultured human fibroblasts depleted of intracellular potassium (K+) had a reduced number of surface coated pits and were unable to internalize receptor-bound molecules such as low density lipoprotein (LDL). We have extended these studies in two important ways. First, we have developed a method for modulating the number of coated pits in situ. Human fibroblasts incubated in K+-free buffer that contains 4μm nigericin rapidly become depleted of K+ and lose the ability to internalize 125I-LDL. When rat livers are perfused with the same buffer, there is a 75% decrease in the number of surface coated pits in hepatocytes. Secondly, we have explored the possibility that K+-depletion effects coated pit function by lowering intracellular ATP. We found that although this protocol lowers intracellular ATP by 40-70%, when ATP concentrations are lowered 〉 95% by metabolic inhibitors, receptor-mediated endocytosis is unaffected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041240303
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