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  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (32)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1920-1924
  • 1991  (32)
  • MRI
  • apoptosis
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of knee arthritis in rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthropathies (1991)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 11 (1991), S. 183-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: MRI ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Spondyl-arthropathy ; Gonarthritis ; Arthritis ; Radiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The knees of fifty-two patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 22 patients with seronegative spondylarthopathies (SA) as well as of 20 healthy volunteers were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Osseous erosions (RA 52%-SA 18%; P〈0.005), Baker cysts (RA 56%-SA 12%; P〈0.005), pannus formation (RA 67%-SA 36%; P〈0.05), and cartilage thinning with narrowing of the joint space (RA 46%-SA 18%; P〈0.05) proved to be more frequent MRI findings in patients with RA. Additionally, in patients with RA erosions were more extensive. Follow-up MRI examinations of 19 patients revealed an improvment in MRI changes in SA within an average interval of 6 months. No substantial changes were noted in 7 of 13 RA patients. Quantitative and qualitative MRI findings of knee arthritis differ in patients with RA and SA and this was statistically significant. However, as there is considerable overlap of the MRI and radiographic changes in both groups the discriminating diagnostic value in the individual case was limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332559
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of trigeminal neuralgia: Initial clinical results in patients with vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve (1991)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 14 (1991), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Basilar arteries ; cerebellar arteries ; MRI ; trigeminal nerves ; trigeminal neuralgia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The most common cause of the idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia are tortuous arteries in the prepontine space. The trigeminal nerve can be compressed by the superior cerebellar artery, the inferior cerebellar artery, or the basilar artery. Seldom the nerve is traumatised by an enlarged vein. Because an operative decompression of the nerve can relieve pain, a preoperative evaluation is needed. Angiography of the vertebral arteries is able to predict a tortuous artery close to the trigeminal nerve but cannot show the nerve itself. MRI can show tortuous vessels and the trigeminal nerve together on one single image by means of a 3D gradient-echo FLASH sequence with an effective slice thickness of approximately 1 mm and secondary reconstructions in every desired plane. MRI thus provides an efficient tool for the evaluation of patients with trigeminal neuralgia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338197
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the interphalangeal joints of the hand (1991)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 20 (1991), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of finger joints ; MRI ; Arthritis ; Osteoarthritis ; Hand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the interphalangeal joints of the fingers is being employed to study arthritis. To facilitate this research, a clear understanding of the structures visualisable by MRI is necessary. A gradient echo (GE) sequence was developed that produced good contrast between cartilage and other joint structures. These detailed images, with an in-plane resolution of 200 × 100 μm, enable resolution of three cartilage zones which can be interpreted as a superficial layer at the cartilage/cartilage interface, an intermediate layer and calcified cartilage in contact with bone; these correlate well with known anatomy. Further analysis of the images indicates that although a chemical shift artifact causes changes in the images at the field strength used (0.5 T), it does not cause enough distortion to necessitate suppression of the effect. Furthermore, the only detectable susceptibility artifact at these low field strengths was a loss of signal in bone trabeculae at the bone/cartilage interface. There is clearly potential in the study of the articular structures, in particular cartilage, in detail, using high-resolution MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02341664
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Blalock-Taussig shunts in newborns: value of oblique MRI planes (1991)
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 7 (1991), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: newborns ; MRI ; congenital heart disease ; systemic shunts ; oblique views
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eight infants with systemic-pulmonary Blalock-Taussig shunts were evaluated by spin-echo ECG-gated MRI. Contrary to Echocardiography, MRI using coronal oblique projections successfully visualized all palliative shunts entirely in one single plane (including one carried out on a right aberrant subclavian artery). MRI allowed assessment of size, course and patency of the shunt, including pulmonary and subclavian insertion. The proximal portion of the pulmonary and subclavian arteries were also visualized. We conclude that MRI with axial scans completed by coronal oblique planes is a promising, non invasive method for imaging the anatomical features of Blalock-Taussig shunts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01797675
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neuropathology of developmental dysphasia: Behavioral, morphological, and physiological evidence for a pervasive temporal processing disorder (1991)
    Springer
    Reading and writing 3 (1991), S. 363-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0905
    Keywords: developmental dysphasia ; dyslexia ; temporal processing ; MRI ; thalamic nuclei ; caudate nuclei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Education
    Notes: Abstract Over the past twenty years, Tallal and colleagues have directed their research toward defining the neuropathological mechanisms responsible for developmental dysphasia. We have hypothesized that higher level auditory processing dysfunction, which has previously been associated with developmental dysphasia, may result from more basic temporal processing deficits which interfere with the resolution of rapidly presented, brief duration stimuli. This temporal processing deficit interferes with adequate perception of specific verbal stimuli which require resolution of brief duration formant transitions, resulting in disordered language development. The temporal processing deficit occurs across multiple sensory modalities, and also affects rapid and sequential motor production skills. Despite relatively normal clinical neuroradiological examinations, in vivo morphological analysis, utilizing magnetic resonance imaging techniques for quantitative volumetric measurements of specific brain structures, has identified abnormalities in superior parietal, prefrontal, and temporal cortices, as well as diencephalic and caudate nuclei. Abnormalities in structures which are involved in multimodal processing and sensory motor integration is consistent with the behavioral profile of developmental dysphasia. Two alternative hypotheses regarding the neurophysiological basis of the multimodal temporal processing disorder include: dysfunction in specific cellular systems which subserve rapid, transient processing; and abnormal gating of sensory relay by intralaminar and reticular thalamic nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354968
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraventricular cavernous angioma. A survey (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 110 (1991), S. 140-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cavernous haemangioma ; intraventricular tumour ; CT ; MRI ; management ; results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Since the availability of CT diagnostis 23 cases of intraventricular cavernous angioma (IVCA) have been published in the literature. Three additional cases have been operated upon in our Department. Based on these 26 cases the clinical data, radiological findings, treatment and outcome of IVCAs are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400682
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI evaluation of the levator ani muscle: anatomic correlations and practical applications (1991)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 13 (1991), S. 129-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Levator ani muscle ; MRI ; Anorectal anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé A partir de l'étude comparative de coupes anatomiques dans les plans transversal, frontal, sagittal et des coupes IRM correspondantes du petit bassin, les auteurs déterminent quels sont les plans de coupe et les modes IRM les plus performants pour l'étude morphologique des muscles élévateurs de l'anus. Cette étude montre l'intérêt de l'examen IRM dans le bilan des malformations ano-rectales opérées.
    Notes: Summary A comparative study of serial anatomic sections in the transverse, frontal and sagittal planes with corresponding MRI sections of the pelvis allowed the authors to define the most suitable sectional planes and MRI modes for a morphologic study of the levator ani muscle. This study shows the value of MRI examination in the assessment of anorectal malformations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623886
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new cephalic reference plane for use with magnetic resonance imaging: the chiasmato-commissural plane (1991)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 13 (1991), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: MRI ; Brain ; Reference plane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Définition en résonance magnétique d'un plan de référence céphalique alignant le point chiasmatique et la commissure postérieure, facilement déterminé sur une coupe sagittale médiane et permettant d'orienter les coupes horizontales selon une direction proche du sillon latéral, et de façon quasiment orthogonale à l'axe du tronc cérébral.
    Notes: Summary A cephalic reference plane is described through the chiasmatic notch and the posterior commissure, which is easily identified on mid-sagittal cuts using magnetic resonance imaging. The horizontal cuts so obtained are almost parallel to the lateral fissure and are perpendicular to the axis of the brain stem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01627986
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cystic acoustic schwannomas (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 110 (1991), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebello-pontine angle lesions ; acoustic schwannoma ; cyst ; CT ; MRI ; differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases with large space-occupying cysts in the cerebellopontine angle are reported. CT and MRI findings were not typical for acoustic schwannomas but at operation, besides the large cysts, small acoustic schwannomas could be detected and removed. The clinical and neuroradiological features of this unusual varietyand the CT and MRI differential diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle lesions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01400678
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benign symptomatic lesions of the pineal gland. Report of seven cases treated surgically (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 108 (1991), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Pineal cyst ; enlarged pineal gland ; infratentorial supracerebellar approach ; MRI ; occlusive hydrocephalus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven patients with non-neoplastic symptomatic lesions of the pineal gland have been operated on in our department since 1988. Clinical symptoms were slight and there were intermittent signs of a space occupying lesion in the quadrigeminal area, i.e. visual and gait disturbances. In three patients, obstructive hydrocephalus with related symptoms was found. Diagnosis was confirmed by use of MRI in sagittal planes, revealing a cystic lesion in five and a solid tumour in two patients. All patients were operated on without complications using an infratentorial supracerebellar approach. Histological examination showed glial cysts of the pineal gland in five patients. In the two solid specimens, normal pineal tissue was found. These lesions seem to be of special interest, as the only pathological property are their size: Both lesions — “too large pineal glands” — caused obstruction of the outlet of the third ventricle with subsequent hydrocephalus. Surgical treatment was curative in all cases with prompt relief of the symptoms. Clinical symptoms and signs, diagnostic and pathological findings, as well as the surgical results of these cases will be reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01407665
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of MRI findings for the diagnosis of nontraumatic lumbar subacute subdural haematomas (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 113 (1991), S. 186-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: MRI ; spinal subdural haematoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spinal subdural haematoma (SSH) is a rare cause of spinal cord or cauda equina compression which occurs mainly in patients with a bleeding diathesis. This report presents a case of subacute lumbar subdural haematoma demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. MRI appears to be more sensitive than myelography and CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403207
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anterior-sacral meningocele; value of magnetic resonance imaging and abdominal sonography (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 109 (1991), S. 154-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Sacral meningocele ; MRI ; ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the presentation of a case of giant anterior sacral meningocele, the evident superiority of magnetic resonance imaging over any other methods for the diagnosis of this rare condition is demonstrated. Ultrasound as a screening tool is often the first to reveal the presence of the intrabdominal cystic abnormality and furthermore is an excellent means for checking the post-operative course. In addition this particular case is interesting because the dural stalk linking the meningocele to the dural abdominal sac was not entirely free from nervous structures inspite of macroscopic appearances to the contrary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403013
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI — a noninvasive tool for evaluating therapeutic embolisation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (1991)
    Springer
    European radiology 1 (1991), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Arteriovenous Malformations ; Celebral ; Endovascular Therapy ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Of 86 patients with whose cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were embolised in the period 1985–1990 29 were examined by high-field spin-echo (SE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after endovascular therapy with gistoacryl-lipiodol. Embolisation-related changes in the nidus of the AVM and in the surrounding brain parenchyma were assessed. Results were compared with pretreatment MR and CT, and with follow-up angiograms in all patients. In accordance with angiographic findings, complete obliteration of pathological vessels was noted in 7 patients (24.1%) and partial occlusion in 22 (75.9%); small ischaemic infarcts were observed in 8 patients (27.6%) and extravascular deposits of blood breakdown products were seen in 3 (10.3%). MRI is a valuable noninvasive technique for assessing morphology and haemodynamics of cerebral AVMs before and after treatment. However, following embolotherapy, variable effects on signal intensity in vascular lumina caused by flowing blood, thrombosis and the embolisation agent have to be carefully analysed. To assess the exact site of histoacryl-lipiodol in embolised nidus territories or small areas of possible intracerebral hemorrhage, the time interval between endovascular therapy and MR examinations may have to be modified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540104
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in spontaneous dissection of vertebral and carotid arteries (1991)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 111-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Carotid artery ; Vertebral artery ; Dissection ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifteen patients were observed between 1987 and 1990: there were six with angiographically confirmed vertebral artery dissection, and 9 with carotid artery dissection. Results showed concordance of MRI and angiographic findings, in all cases but one. The dissected portion consistently showed a semilunar hyperintensity narrowing the residual eccentric signal void of the lumen when the artery was not completely occluded. In one angiographically occluded vessel, MR detected a small signal void within the hyperintensity, indicating that the artery was not completely occluded. The length of the dissected portion was clearly demonstrated by MR. Follow up MR and angiographic studies confirmed the regression of the dissection, and also allowed examination of the cerebral parenchyma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588245
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolving MRI abnormalities with progression of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1991)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 178-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ; MRI ; Relapsing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serial MRI was performed on a 15 year old girl with Subacute Sclerosing Pan-encephalitis (SSPE). After a period of remission she entered a phase of progressive deterioration. A repeat MRI showed significant resolution of the previous abnormalities. Her pathology and MRI scans are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588264
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the leptomeninges (1991)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 260-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor ; Leptomeninx ; CT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) without an obvious intraparenchymal mass lesion and with diffuse spread in the subarachnoid space is rare. We report such a rare case and discuss the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588232
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of subarachnoid dissemination of medulloblastoma (1991)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 264-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: MRI ; Gadolinium-DTPA ; Medulloblastoma ; Subarachnoid dissemination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report two cases with subarachnoid dissemination of medulloblastoma depicted clearly by Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MRI. We also demonstrate the superiority of Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MRI over nonenhanced MRI, CT, myelography and postmyelographic CT for diagnosing subarachnoid dissemination and for monitoring the response to therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588233
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation myelopathy: significance of gadolinium-DTPA enhancement in the diagnosis (1991)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 286-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Radiation myelopathy ; MRI ; Gadolinium ; DTPA enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We described two cases of chronic progressive radiation myelopathy (CPRM), in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was of great value for the diagnosis. Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) enhancement delineated precise lesions responsible for Brown-Séquard syndrome caused by CPRM in both cases. This safe, sensitive procedure will be a requisite study in patients who are suspected of CPRM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588240
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI demonstration of uncal herniation caused by arachnoid cyst in the Sylvian fissure (1991)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 346-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: MRI ; Uncal herniation ; Arachnoid cyst ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report a case of arachnoid cyst in the Sylvian fissure which progressed to uncal herniation. MRI was shown to be superior in visualizing uncal herniation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587821
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI diagnosis of thoracic ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament with concomitant disc herniation (1991)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 33 (1991), S. 455-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: MRI ; Myelopathy ; Posterior longitudinal ligament
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is a potentially curable cause of thoracic myelopathy. As this case illustrates, MRI can confirm the diagnosis, demonstrate other concomitant pathology such as disc herniation, and help assess the clinical significance of OPLL by showing spinal word compression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00598627
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI with Gd-DTPA in tumours of larynx and hypopharynx (1991)
    Springer
    European radiology 1 (1991), S. 58-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: MRI ; Larynx ; Hypopharyngeal tumours ; Contrast media
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-eight patients with tumours of the larynx, divided into supraglottic, glottic, and subglottic lesions, and of the hypopharynx were examined by different MRI techniques using the paramagnetic contrast medium Gd-DTPA. The results of preoperative MRI were compared with clinical laryngoscopy and the pathological tumour classification. The examinations were carried out using plain T1-wand T2-weighted and Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted sequences. Most studies included three slice orientations for optimal assessment of different tumour locations. The most accurate diagnostic information was given by Gd-DTPA-enhanced sequences. The combination of plain images, contrast-enhanced images and subtraction enabled precise assessment of deep infiltration. T2-weighted and proton density sequences conveyed more information about cartilage invasion and liquid-filled structures, but gave more artefacts than T1-weighted images. Laryngoscopy had advantages in T1-classified tumors, as the extent of the tumor could be seen, and offered histological information via biopsy. Diagnostic findings of MRI correlated in 85.7% with the pathologist's report, and laryngoscopy provided exact classification in only 64.3% of patients. Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI is an important adjunct to non-contrast MR studies, and forms an ideal diagnostic supplement to laryngoscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540106
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brainstem compression by basilar artery anomalies as visualized by MRI (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 238 (1991), S. 49-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Basilar artery ; Aneurysm ; MRI ; Brainstem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The use of MRI in the diagnosis of vascular anomalies of the basilar artery is demonstrated in two cases. The first patient had a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm of the basilar artery; the second had an atypical course of the basilar artery. MRI is indicated whenever other imaging procedures do not provide a definite diagnosis or the use of contrast medium for conventional X-ray examination or computed tomography is contraindicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319712
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral cavernous malformations (cavernomas) in the pediatric age-group (1991)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 7 (1991), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Vascular cerebral malformations ; Cavernous angiomas ; Epilepsy ; Childhood ; CT ; MRI ; Cavernoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cavernomas are vascular malformations composed of a compact mass of sinusoidal-type vessels that are immediately contiguous with one another and have no intervening parenchyma. Cavernous malformations were previously held to be a rare pathology occurring predominantly in adults. New neuroradiological techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrate, on the contrary, that these lesions are also more frequent during childhood than was previously thought. In our institution we observed 17 cases of cavernous malformations in patients aged between 18 months and 16 years, 16 of whom were diagnosed after 1982. In 4 of these cases there was a documented familial history; in 2 multiple malformations were present. The most common site was the subcortical frontal region, but in 1 case the malformation was located in the pineal region. The most frequent (in 12 cases) initial symptom was hemorrhage, with the characteristics of an intracerebral hematoma. In 4 cases the initial symptom consisted of epileptic fits and 2 of these patients subsequently suffered hemorrhage. In one case the symptoms observed were those of an expansile process. All our patients underwent cerebral angiography and only in 1 case did this show a vascular abnormality. CT, performed in 16 patients, gave positive results in all cases. MRI, performed in 12 patients, gave highly significant images in all cases. Radical surgical removal of the malformation was performed in 15 of the 17 patients, and the results can be considered excellent in the majority of cases. Cavernous malformations are, therefore, more frequent lesions than had previously been thought, especially in pediatric patients. MRI offers the most conclusive means of diagnosis and, considering the possibility of family predispositions, this is also the method to be used in screening a patient's family members. The operation is easy, at least for the most frequent location, and is justified in view of the risk of hemorrhage and relapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00776709
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybridoma growth and monoclonal antibody production in iron-rich protein-free medium: Effect of nutrient concentration (1991)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 7 (1991), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: mouse-mouse hybridoma ; protein-free supplement ; basal medium ; apoptosis ; bioreactor culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The iron-rich (500 μM ferric citrate) protein-free supplement was added to six different basal media. Cell growth and monoclonal antibody production of a mouse-mouse hybridoma were investigated in 1.3 1 batch cultures performed in a laboratory bioreactor with automatic control of pH and dissolved oxygen concentration. RPMI 1640 served as the control medium. Fortification of the basal medium by balanced mixtures of amino acids and vitamins showed higher positive effect than daily supplementation by glucose and glutamine. Strongly fortified medium, based on RPMI 1640, was found superior to other basal media. The viability index increased by a factor of 3.04 and the total antibody production by a factor of 2.82, relative to the control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00135636
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die validität der Kernspintomographie bei der Beurteilung der traumatisierten Bandscheibe (1991)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 376 (1991), S. 346-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Spine fracture ; MRI ; Validity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Validität der Kernspintomographie bei der Beurteilung der traumatisierten Bandscheibe wurde im Rahmen einer prospektiven diagnostischen Studie im Vergleich zur intraoperativen Diskographie als Goldstandard ermittelt. Die Untersuchungen wurden an beiden dem Frakturwirbel benachbarten Bandscheiben von 27 Patienten, deren Wirbelfraktur operativ behandelt worden war, durchgeführt. Die Sensitivität der Kernspintomographie als nichtinvasives Untersuchungsverfahren betrug 96%, die Spezifität 75%. Diese Werte entsprechen einer Validität von 88%.
    Notes: Summary The validity of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of injured intervertebral discs was examined by a prospective diagnostic study. The golden standard being intraoperative discography. The examinations were carried out on both intervertebral discs adjoining the fractured vertebral body. There were 27 patients with 54 injured discs. The sensitivity of the MRI as a noninvasive method is 96%, the specifity is 75%. These results comply with a validity of 88%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186427
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EEG laterality in the era of structural brain imaging (1991)
    Springer
    Brain topography 3 (1991), S. 381-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: EEG laterality ; MRI ; The 10–20 system ; Alpha rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bilateral EEG recording is a common practice when brain laterality needs to be assessed in cognitive neurophysiology and psychiatry research. Its precision and validity remain uncertain. With structural brain imaging methods, it is possible to examine EEG electrode placements according to the 10–20 system and the validity of inferences made on derived data. Frequent sources of placement errors are examined along with important factors that contribute to EEG imbalance. Examples are mentioned where asymmetries of EEG/ERP caused by cranial and parenchymal brain asymmetries may be mistaken for cognition-related laterality changes. Because external skull landmarks are not reliable predictors of cranial and parenchymal brain asymmetries, laterality assessment cannot be guaranteed by the 10–20 system. Consequently, a return, on a case-to-case basis, to nonstandard montages, assisted by structural brain imaging is seen as an acceptable alternative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01129641
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accurate Matching of electromagnetic dipole data with CT and MR images (1991)
    Springer
    Brain topography 3 (1991), S. 425-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: CT ; Dipole ; EEG ; Epilepsy ; Multimodality Matching ; MEG ; MRI ; Volume Visualization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interpretation of EEG (electroencephalography) or MEG (magnetoencephalography) derived three-dimensional dipole localizations is hampered by poor visualization. This paper describes a method for combining dipole data with structural image data of the same patient. To ensure high precision this method utilizes external markers that are easy to apply. These markers can achieve subslice accuracy and can even be used to pinpoint reference points outside the scanned volume. Accurate matching is thus provided even in standard imaging protocols employing thick slices and/or large interslice gaps. The results of the matching method are presented in 2D and 3D visualizations. The hybrid images facilitate the interpretation of dipole localizations with respect to the patient's anatomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01129001
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seeing through the skull: Advanced EEGs use MRIs to accurately measure cortical activity from the scalp (1991)
    Springer
    Brain topography 4 (1991), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: High-resolution EEG ; Evoked potential ; MRI ; Spatial signal enhancement ; Deblurring ; Finite element model ; Laplacian derivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is a vast amount of untapped spatial information in scalp- recorded EEGs. Measuring this information requires use of many electrodes and application of spatial signal enhancing procedures to reduce blur distortion due to transmission through the skull and other tissues. Recordings with 124 electrodes are now routinely made, and spatial signal enhancing techniques have been developed. The most advanced of these techniques uses information from a subject's MRI to correct blur distortion, in effect providing a measure of the actual cortical potential distribution. Examples of these procedures are presented, including a validation from subdural recordings in an epileptic patient. Examples of equivalent dipole modeling of the somatosensory evoked potential are also presented in which two adjacent fingers are clearly separated. These results demonstrate that EEGs can provide images of superficial cortical electrical activity with spatial detail approaching that of O15 PET scans. Additionally, equivalent dipole modeling with EEGs appears to have the same degree of spatial resolution as that reported for MEGs. Considering that EEG technology costs ten to fifty times less than other brain imaging modalities, that it is completely harmless, and that recordings can be made in naturalistic settings for extended periods of time, a greater investment in advancing EEG technology seems very desirable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01132769
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leukoaraiosis: A reappraisal. II. MRI studies (1991)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 12 (1991), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Cerebrovascular disease ; cerebral arteriosclerosis ; leuko-encephalopathy ; aging ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario La Risonanza Magnetica è più sensibile della TC nei confronti delle alterazioni della sostanza bianca encefalica di incerto significato osservate in soggetti anziani denominate leucoaraiosi. Studi clinici trasversali hanno dimostrato che la presenza o l'estensione di queste alterazioni è maggiore in soggetti con malattia cerebrovascolare o fattori di rischio vascolari. Studi patologici hanno rivelato che alterazioni di diverso tipo possono essere sottese alle lesioni focali: infarti lacunari completi ed incompleti, stato cribroso, spaziperivascolari (di Virchow-Robin) dilatati, demielinizzazione e gliosi. Più difficoltosa è attualmente l'interpretazione del significato delle lesioni diffuse. Queste potrebbero corrispondere ad uno stadio evolutivo delle lesioni focali, oppure essere il risultato di una ischemia diffusa della sostanza bianca. In alternativa potrebbero essere correlate ad alterazioni del flusso liquorale trans-ependimale. Studi longitudinali in soggetti asintomatici con correlazione dei reperti della Risonanza Magnetica con dati clinici, fisiopatologici ed istopatologici, sono necessari per una migliore comprensione del significato e del valore prognostico delle alterazioni della sostanza bianca corrispondenti alla leuco-araiosi. È questo presupposto indispensabile per la definizione di strategie terapeutiche mirate a prevenire o curare tali alterazioni.
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive than computed tomography to brain white matter changes of undefined significance observed in elderly subjects termed leuko-araiosis. Cross-sectional clinical studies have shown that these changes are more frequent or are more extensive in patients with cerebrovascular disease or vascular risk factors. Pathological studies have revealed that a number of alterations may underlie focal white matter changes including complete and incomplete lacunar infarcts, état criblé, dilated perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces, demyelination, and gliosis. Diffuse white matter changes are more difficult to explain. These might result from confluence of focal changes, or from diffuse white matter ischemia (incomplete infarct). Alternatively, they may be related to alterations of the transependymal CSF flow. Longitudinal studies in asymptomatic subjects correlating the MRI picture with clinical, pathophysiological, and histopathological data are needed in order to establish the significance and prognostic value of the different processes underlying LA, and to plan therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02337774
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroradiological, neurophysiological and anatomopathological study of a case of locked-in syndrome (1991)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 12 (1991), S. 317-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Locked-in syndrome ; CT ; MRI ; BAEPs ; SEPs ; TEPs ; MAPs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Viene riportato un caso anatomoclinico di “Locked in” syndrome e riferiti i risultati delle indagini Neuroradiologiche e Neurofisiologiche. In particolare la RMN conferma la sua utilità diagnostica nella patologia della fossa cranica posteriore; lo studio neurofisiologico (BAEPs, SEPs, MAPs, TEPs) evidenzia che la lesione, sul piano funzionale, può in realtà essere più estesa di quanto dimostrato dagli esami neuroradiologici e dai dati anatomopatologici. I potenziali evocati possono quindi assumere una considerevole importanza per una precisa localizzazione delle lesioni troncali.
    Notes: Abstract We report an anatomoclinical case of locked-in syndrome together with the neuroradiological and neurophysiological findings. MRI confirmed its value in the diagnosis of posterior cranial fossa pathology while the neurophysiological work-up (BAEPs, SEPs, MAPs and TEPs) revealed that the lesion may have broader functional implications than may be gauged from the neuroradiological and pathological evidence. Evoked potentials may therefore be of considerable importance in pinpointing brainstem lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02337780
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative evaluation of SPECT, CT and CW Doppler data in patients with ischemic lesions of the brain (1991)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 12 (1991), S. 377-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Ischemic cerebrovascular lesions ; 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT ; CT ; CW Doppler US ; digital subtraction angiography ; carotidography ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Gli autori presentano i dati SPECT, TC, e CW DOPPLER in una casistica di 117 pazienti affetti da lesioni ischemiche cerebrali e correlano i risultati di tali indagini con il quadro clinico. Evidenziano inoltre la sensibilità dell'esame SPECT-PAO per la localizzazione di lesioni focali nei confronti della TC che nel 50% dei casi risulta normale o evidenzia un quadro di atrofia cerebrale. In questi sessi casi l'esame CW Doppler, eseguito a livello dei tronchi sopraortici, dimostra alterazioni cricoscritte o diffuse. Sulla base dei dati forniti dalla CW Doppler e dalla SPET gli autori ritengono pertanto che il reperto TC di atrofia cerebrale possa essere espressione di una alterazione della perfusione e del metabolismo cerebrale quindi debba essere rivalutato per la diagnosi e la prognosi di pazienti affetti da lesioni ischemiche cerebrale li.
    Notes: Abstract We report the SPECT, CT and CW Doppler findings in a series of 117 patients with cerebral ischemic lesions and correlate them with the clinical finding SPECT-PAO proved to be more sensitive in localizing focal lesions than CT which in 50% of the cases was normal or yielded an image of cerebral atrophy. In the latter cases CW Doppler ultrasound on the supraaortic trunks showed changes, circumscribed or diffuse. On the CW Doppler and SPECT evidence we consier that the CT image of cerebral atrophy may denote an alteration of the cerebral blood flow and metabolism and should be assessed in this light in the diagnosis and prognosis of cerebral ischemic lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02335777
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging the thoracic lymphatics: Experimental studies of swine (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 4 (1991), S. 433-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: MRI ; pulmonary ligament ; ethiodol oil ; heart lung model ; transplantations ; lymphangiogram ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The lungs and hearts of 15 swine were surgically harvested intact and studied in the fresh state. The lymphatics of the lung and mediastinum were cannulated and contrast medium was introduced by retrograde injection to identify the visceral pleural lymphatics and deep lymphatics of the lung. Radiographic x-ray, CT, MR, and color photographic images were obtained. Collateralization, extravasation (bronchorrhea), perivascular stasis, and circumvention were demonstrated. Lymphatic communication with the contralateral lung, thoracic duct, heart, and the diaphragm was demonstrated. The findings correlate with the lymphangiographic display of lymphedema of the extremities, obstruction to lymph flow secondary to congenital abnormalities, trauma, tumor, and infections. Our results support the view that stents and/or large bore needles may be introduced into the superficial lymphatics of the lung. The lymphatics of the lung may be anastomosed post lung transplantation and thus possibly reduce passive congestion that occurs in the early postoperative period. The authors postulate that tumor cells and infectious agents may be spread from one lung to the other by the anatomical pathways demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980040605
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