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  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (1,358)
  • 1993  (1,358)
  • Engineering General  (629)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (478)
  • Genetics  (251)
  • Nuclear reactions
Material
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (1,358)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus ; HLA-DP ; Ro (SS-A) autoantibodies ; La (SS-B) autoantibodies ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the association of HLA-DPB1 alleles with the occurrence of autoantibodies against Ro (SS-A) or La (SS-B) using recombinant 52kD-Ro, 60 kD-Ro and La proteins in 177 German patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A significant increase in the frequency of DPB1 *0101 is observed in SLE patients compared to healthy controls (P corr.〈0.004). Antibodies against 52 kD-Ro, 60 kD-Ro and La are tested by ELISA and are found with a frequency of 25.4%, 33.9% and 17.5% in the patients, respectively. An association with HLA-DPB1 *0101 is observed for antibodies against La (P〈0.01) and 52 kD-Ro (P〈0.01), but not for 60 kD-Ro in the absence of La/52 kD-Ro. Since there is a strong linkage disequilibrium between DPB1 *0101 and DR3 in the normal population and in SLE patients, and since there is an association between DR3 and SLE, as well as between DR3 and the occurrence of recombinant Ro/La antibodies in SLE patients, we investigated whether DPB1 *0101 is associated per se or via linkage disequilibrium with DR3. DPB1 *0101 in the absence of DR3 is not more common in patients than in controls and not in patients with autoantibodies to Ro and La than without antoantibodies. We conclude that there is no evidence for a direct involvement of DPB1 *0101 in the production of Ro/La autoantibodies in SLE patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hereditary ataxias ; Friedreich's ataxia ; Genetics ; FRDA locus ; Chromosome 9
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical features of Friedreich's ataxia are described and reevaluated in a group of 14 German patients from 9 independent families. In contrast to previous studies, demonstration of linkage to the Friedreich's ataxia locus (FRDA) on chromosome 9p allowed confirmation of the genetic homogeneity of the disease in the patients under study. Marked variability within families was observed for age of onset of the disease (4–24 years) and for age of becoming wheelchair bound (17–37 years). Electrocardiographic changes were present in all and echocardiographic changes in 50% of the patients. Pathological changes of visual evoked potentials were detected in only 50% of the patients while brainstem auditory evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials were always abnormal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 240 (1993), S. 151-155 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Genetics ; Complex partial seizures ; Waking and sleep EEGs ; Siblings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Waking and sleep EEGs were recorded in 29 siblings of 19 patients with complex partial seizures. At least 1 sibling with epileptic activity (EA) was found for 36.8% of the patients. Taking the 29 siblings as a basis, in 7 EA was recorded. Most EA was seen during sleep in stage C (29%). More EA was recorded in female siblings (28% :18%) and in siblings of female patients (56% :20%). All EA was seen in the age range 5–14 years. Siblings with occipital theta-delta activity with a generalization tendency showed more EA (59%) than those without this pattern (8%). Of the siblings of patients with generalized EA 50% showed EA, but only 25% of those of patients with localized EEG patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; DNA polymorphism ; glucose ; phosphorylation ; glycolysis ; chromosome 2 ; insulin resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is characterized by decreased levels of glucose 6-phosphate in skeletal muscle. It has been suggested that the lower concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate contribute to the defect in glucose metabolism noted in muscle tissue of subjects with Type 2 diabetes or subjects at increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Lower levels of glucose 6-phosphate could be due to a defect in glucose uptake, or phosphorylation, or both. Hexokinase II is the isozyme of hexokinase that is expressed in skeletal muscle and is responsible for catalysing the phosphorylation of glucose in this tissue. The recent demonstration that mutations in another member of this family of glucose phosphorylating enzymes, glucokinase, can lead to the development of Type 2 diabetes prompted us to begin to examine the possible role of hexokinase II in the development of this genetically heterogeneous disorder. As a first step, we have cloned the human hexokinase II gene (HK2) and mapped it to human chromosome 2, band p13.1, by fluorescence in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes. In addition, we have identified and characterized a simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism in HK2 and used this DNA polymorphism to localize this gene within the genetic linkage map of chromosome 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; HLA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epidemiologic data suggest that a parental history of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus increases the risk of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in siblings of a Type 1 diabetes proband. This increase in risk is consistent with a shared genetic susceptibility between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. We have previously reported evidence that HLA-DR4-linked factors may represent a homogeneous subset of diabetes susceptibility. First, HLA-DR4 frequency was higher in Type 1 diabetic study subjects with a Type 2 diabetic parent than in Type 1 diabetic subjects whose parents were not diabetic. Second, a DR4-haplotype was transmitted from the Type 2 diabetic parent to the Type 1 offspring more often than expected. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that families with a Type 2 diabetic parent and Type 1 diabetic child, heavily determined by HLA-DR4 linked factors, may represent a homogeneous subset of diabetes susceptibility. In this report, we further explore the relationship between the high-risk HLA antigen (HLA-DR4) in study subjects with differing glycaemic status (National Diabetes Data Group criteria). In this community-based study, we find evidence that HLA-DR4 is increased in study subjects with Type 2 diabetes and may be a marker for Type 2 diabetes susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 467-468 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hirschsprung disease ; Familial occurrence ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hirschsprung disease (HD) is genetically heterogeneous with approximately 4% familial occurrence. The recurrence risk is higher in patients with severe involvement. We describe the transmission of histotopochemically proven HD from a father with long aganglionic segment disease to a son with ultrashort segment disease. This observation suggests that the length of involvement in HD is related to the variable expression of the gene defect. It also suggests autosomal dominant inheritance of HD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Androgen ; Receptor ; Genetics ; Mutations ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Androgen insensitivity syndromes represent one cause of human male pseudohermaphroditism related to defects in the androgen receptor. The formation of a biologically active androgen receptor complex with testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone is required for normal androgen action during fetal development and fifferentiation of the internal accessory sex glands and external genitalia. Cloning of the human androgen receptor complementary DNA and genetic screening of human subjects with the clinical and biochemical features of androgen insensitivity using the polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and nucleotide sequencing techniques have led to the identification of molecular defects in the androgen receptor. The complexity of phenotypic presentation by affected subjects with the complete or partial forms of androgen insensitivity is represented by the heterogeneity of androgen receptor gene mutations which include deletions and point mutations, with the latter causing, inappropriate splicing of RNA, premature termination of transcription and amino acid substitutions. The naturally occurring mutations in the androgen receptor of subjects with androgen insensitivity represent a base upon which we can increase our understanding of the structure and function of the androgen receptor in normal physiology, and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Behavioral activity ; Analgesia ; Rat ; Self-administration ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the current study was to investigate genetic differences between two inbred strains of rats, Fisher-344 (F344/N) and Wistar Albino Glaxo (WAG/GSto), in a number of drug-naive and drug-related behaviors, including oral and intravenous morphine self-administration. F344/N and WAG/GSto rats differed in drug-naive behaviors such as nociception, rearing and sensitivity to lick suppression tests but did not differ in locomotor activity, ambulation or grooming behavior. F344/N rats were less sensitive to thermal stimuli as measured via tail-flick response, and more sensitive to the suppressive effects of intermittent shock in a lick suppression test. The F344/N rats demonstrated a significantly greater amount of rearing in open field tests but did not differ from WAG/GSto rats in locomotor activity, ambulation or grooming behavior. In addition to the behavioral results, naive F344/N and WAG/GSto rats were found to differ in μ and α2 receptor concentrations (F344/N〉WAG/GSto) and in 5HT2 and D2 affinity constants (WAG/GSto〉F344/N). These two inbred rat strains also differed in drug-related behaviors. F344/N rats showed significantly greater depression of locomotor activity at morphine 3 mg/kg than WAG/GSto rats. In addition, F344/N rats consumed significantly greater amounts of morphine in a two-bottle choice procedure and morphine maintained significantly greater amounts of behavior during intravenous self-administration sessions. Importantly, drug maintained behavior was significantly greater than with vehicle only in the F344/N rats during operant self-administration sessions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 243 (1993), S. 143-149 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Genetics ; Linkage ; Psychiatric disorders ; Genetic epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Linkage analysis has been successful in identifying the genetic basis of numerous Mendelian diseases. These successes were due in part to the rapid developments in molecular biology, which have yielded a plethora of informative genetic markers. Although there is strong evidence that the manifestation of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorders is controlled by genes, no evidence for linkage has been established. For psychiatric disorders, the most important limiting factor is likely to be the lack of single loci with very large effects that occur with any relevant frequency. The difficulties of linkage studies in psychiatric disorders are discussed with reference to non-psychiatric genetic diseases for which linkage to genetic markers has been successful. Recommendations for collecting information to clarify the patterns of transmission of the psychiatric disorders are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 243 (1993), S. 131-142 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Genetics ; Nosology ; Methodology ; Linkage analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Statistical procedures and molecular genetic techniques have attained a fine degree of resolution. Their ability to find disease genes has revolutionized medicine and raised hopes for breakthroughs in psychiatry. However, such breakthroughs may require an equally discriminating nosology. A psychiatric genetic nosology seeks to classify patients into categories that correspond to distinct genetic entities by addressing the problem of diagnostic accuracy: the degree to which a diagnosis correctly classifies people with and without a putative genetic illness. We review methods that deal with misclassification in genetic studies. These are clinical and epidemiological approaches that deal directly with how to define the observable manifestation of a putative genotype. We discuss two groups of methods: those that use known phenotypes and those that design new phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 333-338 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Rice ; Salinity ; Tolerance ; Na-Kratio ; Diallel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genetics of salinity tolerance in rice was investigated by a nine-parent complete diallel including reciprocals. Test materials involved susceptible (IR28, IR29, and MI-48), moderately tolerant (IR4595-4-1-13, IR9884-54-3-1E-P1, and IR10206-29-2-1), and tolerant (“Nona Bokra”, “Pokkali”, and SR26B) parents. Twoweek-old seedlings were grown in a salinized (EC = 12 dS/m) culture solution for 19 days under controlled conditions in the IRRI phytotron. Typical characteristics of salinity tolerance in rice were found to be Na+ exclusion and an increased absorption of K+ to maintain a good Na-K balance in the shoot. Genetic component analysis (GCA) revealed that a low Na-K ratio is governed by both additive and dominance gene effects. The trait exhibited overdominance, and two groups of genes were detected. Environmental effects were large, and the heritability of the trait was low. Our findings suggest that when breeding for salt tolerance, selection must be done in a later generation and under controlled conditions in order to minimize environmental effects. Modified bulk and single-seed descent would be the suitable breeding methods. Combining ability analysis revealed that both GCA and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were important in the genetics of salt tolerance. Moderately tolerant parents — e.g., IR4595-4-1-13 and IR9884-54-3-1E-P1 — were the best general combiners. Most of the best combinations had susceptible parents crossed either to moderate or tolerant parents. The presence of reciprocal effects among crosses necessitates the use of susceptible parents as males in hybridization programs. Large heterotic effects suggest the potential of hybrid rice for salt-affected lands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Disease ; Mapping ; Breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Molecular markers at 103 loci were used to identify the location of quantitative sources of resistance to Exserohilum turcicum in 150 F2∶3 lines of a B52/Mo17 maize population. Host-plant response was measured in terms of the average number of lesions per leaf, the average percent leaf tissue diseased (severity), and the average size of lesions. The location of quantitative trait loci were compared with three loci having known qualitative effects, namely Ht1, Ht2 and bx1. Chromosomal regions containing the Ht1 and Ht2 loci showed a small contribution in determining lesion size, even though alleles with dominant, qualitative effects at these loci have never been reported in either inbred parent. Similar effects were not observed for the number of lesions or for disease severity. Likewise, some contribution was observed for chromosomal regions encompassing the bx1 locus in determining lesion size but not the number of lesions or disease severity. Overall the contribution of loci in the vicinity of Ht1, Ht2 and bx1 was small relative to variation attributable to loci with quantitative effects identified in this study. Molecular-marker-facilitated mapping concurred with previous reciprocal translocation mapping studies on the importance of chromosomes 3, 5 and 7, despite the fact that these studies utilized diverse sources of resistant germplasm.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 176 (1993), S. 53-63 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Acetabularia acetabulum ; Gamete release ; Mating efficiency ; Mating physiology ; Gamete half-life ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have improved zygote recovery 11–1,000 fold by optimizing the physiology of gamete release and mating inAcetabularia acetabulum. Gamete release was affected by agar purity, concentration, and volume/gametangial pair. Cold pre-treatment of gametangia (14–30 d at 10°C in the dark) synchronized subsequent gamete release at 21°C in the light. Cold pre-treatment was nearly twice as effective in synchronizing subsequent gamete release when intact, gametangia-bearing caps rather than isolated gametangia were pretreated. Synchronizing gamete release doubled mating efficiency. In a wild-type laboratory strain ofA. acetabulum, there were 1,561±207 gametes/gametangium which had half-lives of 14.5 d in 0.1% seawater-agar. We recovered 48–93% of the expected numbers of zygotes from a mass mating of 8 to 1,226 gametangia and 11–128% of the expected numbers of zygotes from mating single gametangial pairs: the large range in the calculated mating efficiency may be attributable to the variation in the numbers of gametes made per gametangium. Zygote recovery from single gametangial pairs was highly dependent on the volume of mating matrix. In addition, most zygotes recovered were unattached to any other zygotes in the subsequent generation (〉 95% single cells from matings of 1–500 gametangial pairs). Our improvements in mating conditions and zygote recovery (1) have facilitated cell manipulation and culture ofA. acetabulum in the laboratory; and (2) have made controlled crosses for selection and genetic analysis of mutants feasible. These advances have removed a major barrier to genetic analysis of development inAcetabularia.
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  • 14
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    Springer
    Sexuality and disability 11 (1993), S. 221-228 
    ISSN: 1573-6717
    Keywords: Genetics ; disability ; reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
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  • 15
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    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 333-346 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Genetics ; Pedigrees ; Molecular evolution ; Pan ; Hylobates ; Macaca ; DNA sequences ; Microsatellite loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using DNA amplified from shed or plucked hair follicles it is now possible to genotype individual primates at many nuclear and mitochondrial gene loci. Sequence specific primers and the polymerase chain reaction permit the rapid production of sufficient DNA from a single hair for numerous analyses. The direct sequencing of relatively conservative mtDNA sequences like cytochromeb is proving useful in establishing species and subspecies-level relationships. More variable sequences (e.g. the mtDNA control region or D-loop) are useful at the population and social community levels. Paternity exclusion, pedigree relationships, and community structure can be determined using simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs) of multiple hypervariable nuclear microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Studies involving captive and free-ranging chimpanzees, gibbons, and macaques illustrate the resolving power of these new non-invasive molecular genetic genotyping techniques.
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  • 16
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 639-647 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An a posteriori point-wise outflow flux recovery scheme which capitalizes on the hyperbolic nature of convection-dominated transport models is proposed. The scheme is seen to be robust in that it can be applied to any upwind finite-difference or finite-element approximation, and gives a superconvergent approximation to the outflow flux.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 17
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 757-766 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A geometrically non-linear global/local technique was developed and tested. This technique uses separate global and local finite-element models. Iteration is used to enforce equilibrium between the global and local models. The results of this initial study suggest that the technique can be used to reduce both computer memory and CPU requirements.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 18
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 785-785 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 19
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 773-784 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general line search concept is presented, which can be applied for the solution of non-linear equations in the presence of constraint conditions as in arc-length methods in a consistent manner.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 20
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 767-772 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The generalized geometric programming algorithm GGP has been found to be one of the better algorithms for optimizing algebraic functions subject to algebraic constraints. The paper discusses two problems with the GGP algorithm presented by Avriel et al. (1980). The first problem is that, because of the way that constraint tolerances are checked, the checks may pass even when a constraint is violated beyond the acceptable tolerance. This problem can affect an acceleration technique suggested for the algorithm. This paper presents two possible solutions to this problem. The second problem is the algorithm's weakness in handling equality constraints. This problem seems to especially affect the ‘Phase I’ part of the algorithm, which finds a feasible solution from a random starting point. While extensions have been made to get around this limitation, no discussion on why the original algorithm has problems with equality constraints has been made. This paper discusses why the problems exist.
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  • 21
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 22
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 797-803 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a filtering algorithm which corrects the results of measurements of certain physical quantities if any additional information about the measured values is known. The algorithm is very effective in one-dimensional as well as in two-dimensional problems where additional constraints are presented in the form of differential equations. For example, this technique can be used to correct the measurements of certain dynamic quantities if some information about motion of examined bodies is known. It can also be used to correct the strain field measurements if the conditions of continuity of strain field are included.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 23
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 805-814 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computer simulation is made of cellular convection in an anisotropic atmosphere in an attempt to more closely approximate the observed values with those obtained from mathematical models. A finite-element Galerkin technique, with Taylor approximation and Crank-Nicolson, is employed and comparisons are made with the author's earlier finite-element models of isotropic convection and with finite-difference models. It is found that postulates from physics on the effect of anisotropy on cellular atmospheric convection, with its increase in the aspect ratio, are well modelled with this finite-element technique.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 24
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 815-824 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of micromechanically based constitutive equations for contact interfaces leads to technically relevant parameters to ill-conditioned finite-element equations. In the paper an augmented Lagrangian technique is employed to overcome this difficulty and to provide a good converging algorithm.
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  • 25
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 883-888 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Elastic contact between a thick shell of revolution and a rigid plate in the case when the plate is brought into contact with the shell by giving a finite displacement to the plate is analysed by the finite-element method. Field-consistent higher-order strain-displacement relations with vanishing shear stresses on the surfaces are used. A finite element based on these relations is developed and used for the analysis. The contact conditions are imposed by use of the Lagrangian multipliers method, and the resulting minimization problem is solved iteratively. This procedure will lead to reduced memory requirements and computation time.
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  • 26
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 889-896 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An explicit formulation and a procedure for the computation of isotropic tensor-valued tensor functions is discussed. The formulation is based on a spectral decomposition in terms of second-order eigenvalue bases, which avoids the costly computation of eigenvectors. As an important result a compact structure of the fourth-order derivatives of general second-order isotropic tensor functions is presented.
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  • 27
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 933-935 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 28
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 29
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 937-949 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For some heterogeneous materials, it is not practical to model the microstructure directly using traditional finite elements. Furthermore, it is not always accurate to use homogenized properties. Macro elements have been developed which permit microstructure within a single element. These macro elements performed well in initial tests.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 30
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 957-974 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper deals with the solution of the quasi-harmonic equation by the finite element method in a domain with corners on its boundary. A mapping technique, which can be used for locating the nodes of standard isoparametric elements in a subgrid (patch) of finite elements in the vicinity of a corner singularity point, is presented. The equations of the mapping are based on the analytical singular solution of the problem. Some analytical and numerical results to show the efficiency of the technique are presented.
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  • 31
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 975-987 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian model is described for the prediction of metal flow in a steady-state forming process. The formulation is shown to be capable of dealing with free surface and boundary friction; the coupling with thermal effects is also considered. The numerical techniques are based on the finite elements for spatial discretization of the momentum equation and on an explicit integration scheme for discretization relative to time. The mass and energy equations are integrated by a finite-volume method. Details on the application to an orthogonal cutting process are given in the final Section of the paper.
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  • 32
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 951-956 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A procedure was implemented to determine the optimum values for the two parameters of the Zienkiewicz three-level time schemes which could be utilized for the numerical solution of a system of ordinary differential equations. A multivariable search method was implemented to estimate optimum values for these parameters. The resultant optimum three-level time scheme produced very accurate results, satisfied physical reality, and did not produce any oscillations for the various problems that were investigated. The optimum values for the two parameters β and γ in the three-level scheme were β = 0·50005 and γ = 1·0007. A comparison was made between this optimum scheme and other existing three-level time schemes. The optimum scheme demonstrated superior results for all the problems that were analysed. However, the results of the optimization analysis produced a set of optimum parameters that were identical to the values that would reduce the general three-level time scheme into a central-difference two-level time scheme, i.e. β = 1/2 and γ = 1.
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  • 33
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 989-1004 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new efficient formulation of the 36 degree-of-freedom conforming shallow shell element of an arbitrary triangular shape is presented. This formulation is based on natural co-ordinates and independently assumed natural strain fields, and applied to shallow shell analysis. The 3-node element incorporates the normal displacement and its first and second derivatives plus the tangential displacements and their first derivatives at each vertex. A closed form of the element stiffness matrix is achieved. The form of the stiffness matrix derived in this formulation explicitly reveals the essence of the shallow shell theory.The presented approach results in avoiding definite integrals and matrix inversions, and permits operation with lower-order numerical matrices, which are the same for all elements. The example applications presented demonstrate that accurate predictions of stresses as well as displacements are obtained with only a few elements.
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  • 34
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 1005-1011 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The formulation of a straight beam element to eliminate the shear locking phenomenon is presented. The element is based on curvature so that the bending energy is fully represented, and the shear strain energy is incorporated into the formulation by the equilibrium equation. Four examples are chosen to verify the concept of the element employed and its capability of the analysis. The solutions obtained reveal that the element describes the behaviour of the straight beam quite exactly and efficiently, showing no locking and that it is also applicable to the analysis of both thin and thick straight beams.
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  • 35
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1993), S. 1013-1015 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 36
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 47 (1993), S. 405-423 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A numerical method is developed to obtain sequences of functions converging to the eigenfunctions of a Schrödinger operator in the Hilbert space L2(-∞, ∞), whose norm is used to introduce the criterion of convergence in the norm and we show that it guarantees the accurate computation of expected values of a symmetric operator. The method consists in solving the Dirichlet problem associated to the eigenvalue problem in the interval [-n, n] by the Ritz method, whose convergence to both eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is guaranteed by the compactness criterion. Using the asymptotic perturbation theory in L2(-∞, ∞), we prove the convergence of both eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Dirichlet problem to those of the unbounded system when the interval [-n, n] is expanded. The method is applied to the harmonic oscillator, the Mitra potential, as well as to the potential V(r) = r and the Coulomb and Yukawa potentials; in each case, the convergence of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is shown. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 37
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 47 (1993), S. 425-435 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a relativistic theory for the nuclear spin-spin coupling tensor within the polarization propagator approach using the particle-hole Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian and the full four-component wave function. We give explicit expressions for the coupling tensor in the random-phase approximation, neglecting the Breit interaction. A purely relativistic perturbative electron-nuclear Hamiltonian is used and it is shown how the single relativistic contribution to the coupling tensor reduces to Ramsey's three second-order terms (Fermi contact, spin-dipole, and paramagnetic spin-orbit) in the nonrelativistic limit. The principal propagator becomes complex and the leading property integrals mix atomic orbitals of different parity. The well-known propagator expressions for the coupling tensor in the nonrelativistic limit is obtained neglecting terms of the order c-n (n ≥ 1). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 38
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 47 (1993), S. 437-448 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, we present a symmetrical and adiabatic reaction path for hydrogen transfer from methane by methyl by an ab initio method using the 6-31G** basis set with the MP2 corrections for UHF/6-31G** optimized geometries. The theoretical barrier is fitted with the symmetric Eckart function. We, then, take thermal averages of the rate constant (k) considering the discrete nature of the C-H oscillators and the continuous character of the various low-frequency modes of the composite system. Finally, we present a linear relation between log k and temperature. It is shown that this relation gives a good description of the kinetic results of both thermal and photochemical H-transfer reactions in the region of low temperatures. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 39
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 40
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 151-159 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the regime of the molecular-orbital theory, a new approach beyond of the Hartree-Fock approximations is proposed. By an appropriate introduction of the quantum fluctuation into the molecular electronic ground state, the Hartree-Fock equations plus Gaussian fluctuation are obtained. Basically, the procedure proposed consists of an adequate utilization of the Gaussian approximation of the Ising model on a lattice (K.G. Wilson et al., Phys. Rep. C 12, 76 (1974)). It leads to an effective nonlinear Hamiltonian for the molecule for studying nonlinear problems in the molecular electronic structure. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 41
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 185-200 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We review and update a recently developed one-particle theory of N-electron systems that bears a certain resemblance to density functional (DF) theory and has been put forward by the present author. As distinct from DF theory, the new one-particle scheme applies to any N-electron eigenstate including the ground state. For the latter case, the key equations become identical to those familiar from the Kohn-Sham version of DF theory. The theory given here constitutes the basis for a consistent treatment of normal conductivity and superconductivity, which will be discussed in Part II of this article. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 42
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 161-183 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An explicitly connected commutator expansion for the average value of an observable in the coupled-cluster theory is derived. Specifically, it is shown that the expectation value of an operator for the state Ψ, related to the Fermi vacuum Φ by the exponential Ansatz ψ = eT Φ, is expressed as a finite commutator series containing the cluster operator T and an auxiliary operator S, defined by a linear equation involving again a finite commutator series in T. The above result is applied to derive the explicitly connected commutator form of the order-by-order many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) expansion for the expectation values and density matrices. We also show how the commutator expansion derived by us can be used as a basis for size-extensive infinite-order summation techniques. An operator technique of eliminating the nonlocal, “off-energy shell” denominators from MBPT expressions is proposed and applied to obtain compact commutator formulas for the expectation values of one- and two-electron operators through the fourth and third order, respectively, and for the correlation energy through the fifth order of perturbation theory. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 43
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 201-209 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We show that a consistent N-electron theory of a solid can within the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation lead only to normal conductivity or to an insulating state. If one leaves the BO approximation by turning on electron-phonon interaction, one can establish a lower-lying new ground state that has the characteristic properties of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BSC) ground state. We demonstrate that an (N + Nn)-particle Schrödinger equation that describes the motion of N electrons and Nn nuclei of a solid can lead only to phonon-induced superconductivity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 44
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 45
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 219-224 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy levels in sodium atoms with quarks attached to the nucleus are obtained using the configuration interaction method. It is found that the calculated 3p (2P) → 3s (2S) electronic transition in the Na-1/3 quark-atom system is in agreement with that predicted by extrapolation of experimental data. Also, ionization potentials of fractionally charged sodium atoms are discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 46
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A survey is given of the resemblance theorems associated with various types of orthonormalization procedures having different kinds of symmetry properties appearing in the current literature. It is shown that the proofs for the minimum properties are closely connected with the fact that the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of an operator is always nonnegative and has the lowest value equal to zero. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 47
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 233-238 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electric-field maps of certain anions and cations of adenine and guanine have been studied. The results are compared with those of neutral adenine and guanine. In all cases, the geometries were fully optimized using the MNDO molecular orbital method and the fields were computed using Mulliken charges. Reactivities and hydrogen-bonding pattern predicted by electric fields, including those of cations, are in satisfactory agreement with experiment. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 48
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 239-247 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, a general method is presented that allows the derivation of the expansion coefficients of the product of two orthogonal functions provided the generating function is known. For the three classical orthogonal polynomials, the Laguerre, the Hermite, and the Legendre polynomials, the coefficients blmn with φmφn = ∑lblmnφl are derived. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 49
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 211-218 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When second-order Jahn-Teller couplings become strong along “streambeds” on potential energy surfaces, instability reflected in negative curvature along a symmetry-lowering distortion coordinate can take place. The point where such negative curvature sets in is usually not a transition state because the gradient of the potential is usually large there. In this paper, it is demonstrated how to use the local energy, local gradient, local Hessian, and knowledge of how quickly the curvature for the symmetry-breaking mode evolves along the streambed (i.e., the derivative of this curvature) to predict how far to move in the symmetry-breaking mode in search of the desired transition state. It is shown that the Hessian matrix evaluated at the symmetry-broken geometry suggested by this analysis has only one negative eigenvalue. Because this analysis is based on a local approximation to the potential, its predictions are, of course, approximate. As such, they only “suggest” the proper direction and magnitude that one should “step” to move toward a transition state. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 50
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronegativity perturbation theory up to the fourth order has been used to study the preferred isomer of linear triatomic molecules. Systems with 10-16 valence-electron systems are discussed and our results are in good agreement with the experiment. The only exception is the isomers of PNO. The usefulness of the perturbation theory is briefly discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 51
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 257-265 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recurrence relations are derived for the evaluation of two-electron repulsion integrals (ERIs) over Hermite and spherical Gaussian functions. Through such relations, a generic ERI or ERI derivative may be reduced to “basic” integrals, i.e., true and auxiliary integrals involving only zero angular momentum functions. Extensive use is made of differential operators, in particular, of the spherical tensor gradient Ylm(∇). Spherical Gaussians, being nonseparable in the x, y, and z coordinates, were not included in previous formulations. The advantages of using spherical Gaussians instead of Cartesian or Hermite Gaussians are briefly discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 52
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 267-276 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chain-length dependencies of 2Ag and 1Bu excitation energies as well as their unexpected inversion observed experimentally in trans-polyenes have so far been explained satisfactorily only in terms of configuration interactions within the standard Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) parametrization scheme with at least double excitations involving prohibitively large computational labor for long polyenes. A simpler calculation allowing nonzero differential overlap and employing restricted (first-order) single-excitation configuration interaction with chain-length-dependent screened potential is shown to provide an adequate alternative for the studies of those basic spectroscopic features of polyene excited states. The screening factor is parametrized in accordance with the chain-length-dependent behavior of the electrical polarizabilities of polyenes derived within the standard PPP approximation scheme. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 53
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 225-225 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 54
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 189-207 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The atomic statement of the principle of stationary action determines the theorems that establish the mechanics of an atom in a molecule. The atomic torque, power, and current theorems are derived. They, along with the atomic force, virial, and continuity theorems, provide a complete description of the behavior of matter at the atomic level, including the effects of electric and magnetic fields. The atomic power theorem, for example, enables one to determine the atomic or molecular source of the creation and dissipation of power in combustion or in an explosion. An atom in a molecule is an open system and an atomic equation of motion for an observable contains a component corresponding to the flux in its current density through the atomic surface. The differential form of each theorem yields an equation of motion for the corresponding property density in which the same surface flux appears as a divergence of the current density. The differential and integrated atomic theorems complement those for the total system, enabling one to relate the property to its atomic components and ultimately to a local contribution from each element in real space. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 55
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 56
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 235-250 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In 1940, Kramers derived an expression for the rate constant of chemical reactions in viscous media. In this theory, chemical reactions are modeled as Brownian processes in the presence of potential barriers. The derivation of the rate constant is based on the solution of the Smoluchowski equation, a Fokker-Planck-type equation in position space. Kramers' theory has been confirmed for reactions in systems ranging from nuclear processes to biochemical problems. The reaction rate can be obtained from the diffusion currents appearing in the Smoluchowski equation. A Smoluchowski-type equation in position space, similar to the one applied by Kramers, has been used to find a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) for dissipative, frictionally damped systems, taking into account wave-particle duality. For several potentials, the NLSE can be solved exactly, and analytic expressions for the currents, appearing in the Smoluchowski equation and necessary to determine the rate constants, can be obtained. These currents are not only stationary, but can also be time-dependent. It will be shown that, essentially, the determination of the time-dependence of the currents can be reduced to the solution of Newton-type equations of motion. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 57
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 263-294 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper considers a Husimi representation of quantum mechanics in which the (stationary) state of a system or ensemble is described by a Husimi function and an observable is described by a phase space function or distribution such that the expectation value of the observable is given by an integral over phase space of the product of that function or distribution and the Husimi function. The density matrix, Wigner function, and Husimi function are considered to be alternative ways of describing the state of a system or ensemble, and methods of recovering the Wigner function or density matrix from the Husimi function are discussed. The classical limits of the Wigner and Husimi functions and of the relationship between them are considered. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 58
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 59
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 333-347 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The nonlocal weighted density approximation (WDA) to the exchange and kinetic energy functionals of many-electron systems proposed several years ago by Alonso and Girifalco in the context of density functional theory is used to compute, within the framework of the spherical jellium model, the ground-state electronic density, chemical potential, and total energy of neutral and negatively and positively charged sodium clusters containing up to N = 800 atoms. From these calculations, we study the behavior of the total energies per atom, chemical potentials, ionization potentials, I(N), and electron affinities, A(N). These results are compared with analogous calculations using the well-known Thomas-Fermi-Weizsäcker-Dirac (TFWD) approximation for the kinetic (TFW) and exchange (D) energy functionals. Calculations including the local density approximation (LDA) to the correlation energy in both WDA and TFWD functionals are also presented. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 60
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 363-383 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We derived the necessary conditions to which the vector coupling coefficients (VCC) amn and bmn, describing atomic L, S-multiplets of pMdN and dNs1 configurations (1 ≤ N ≤ 9, 1 ≤ M ≤ 5), should satisfy. It is shown that for two-open-shell systems under consideration the unknown VCC should satisfy not only usual restrictions resulting from the spheric symmetry, but also some additional equation introduced in the present paper in the form of a postulate. VCC obtained were used for the ab initio calculations (by the general SCF coupling operator method) of several transitionmetal atoms and ions with electronic configurations 3d14p1, 3p43d3, and 3p53d3. To check the presented theory, we carried out a detailed comparison between these results and analogous data, obtained by the atomic Roothaan-Hartree-Fock method [2]. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 61
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 385-390 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Schrödinger equation for an atom or molecule is expressed in terms of hyperspherical coordinates. The eigenfunction is expanded in a series of orthonormal complete sets: Yλ,μ(Ω), eigenfunctions of generalized angular momentum scalar operator, and Lvn, generalized Laguerre polynomials. The recurrence relation of the expansion coefficients are derived and the eigenvalues can be obtained from the secular equation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 62
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have calculated certain dynamic polarizabilities (for both real and imaginary frequencies) for H, He, and H2 and the dispersion-energy coefficients for long-range interactions between them. We have done so in a sum-over-states formalism with explicitly electron-correlated wave functions to describe the states. To be precise, we have determined the dipole (α1), quadrupole (α2), and octupole (α3) polarizabilities of H and He for real frequencies (ω) in a range between zero and the first electronic-transition frequency and for imaginary frequencies (iω) on a 32-point Gauss-Legendre grid running from zero to ħω = 20 Eh, and for H2, we have found the dipole (α), quadrupole (C), and dipole-octupole (E) polarizability tensors for the same real and imaginary frequencies. The dispersion-energy coefficients, obtained by combining the sum-over-states for-malism for the polarizabilities with analytic integration over ω, gave values of C6, C8, and C10 for the atom-atom systems; C06, C26, C08, C28, and C48 for the atom-diatom systems; and C6, C′6 and C″6 for the H2—H2 system. Nearly all the results are considered to be more reliable than those hitherto published and some have been obtained for the first time, e.g., C(iω), E(ω), and E(iω) for H2 and C08, C48, and C48 for the H—H2 system. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 63
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 403-403 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 64
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 65
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 445-470 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, the efficient evaluation of the atomic integrals I =∫r1ar2br3cr23λr13μr12νe-αr1-βr2-γr3dτ with one or two factors rij-2 is described. These integrals are necessary for a lower-bound calculation for Li-like systems using the method of variance minimization or Temple's formula. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 66
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 409-431 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coupled-cluster equations for the calculation of the nonexpanded (fully damped) dispersion energy are derived. These equations are solved in the ring approximation using the Møller-Plesset expansion in terms of the fluctuation potentials WA and WB for the individual molecules. Numerical results of high-order perturbative calculations for the He, H2, LiH, H2O, and HF dimers are presented and compared with the converged results computed using the same basis sets. It is found that the convergence of the Møller-Plesset expansion of the dispersion energy in the ring approximation is very fast. The padé approximants still accelerate this already good convergence. For all complexes studied in this paper, the sum of the corrections through the second-order in WA + WB reproduces over 99% of the converged value. The sum of third- and higher-order corrections in the ring approximation is found to be one or two orders of magnitude smaller than the sum of second-order terms not included in the ring approximation and, therefore, may be safely neglected. Thus, it appears that a second-order calculation, which does not require iterating coupled-cluster equations or solving random phase approximation equations, offers the best compromise between accuracy and computational requirements. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 67
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 471-484 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The integrity bases for representations of the nuclear permutation groups Sn (n = 3,4) in the space of internal coordinates describing AXn molecules are determined. This allows optimal expressions of the molecular potential energy functions in terms of internal coordinates that are totally symmetric with respect to permutations of indistinguishable nuclei. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 68
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 69
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 491-505 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 70
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 489-490 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 71
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 563-572 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A p-version finite element method has been used to calculate second-order pair and total correlation energies for closed-shell Mg and Ar. Comparison with the best results found in the literature suggests that the present values are the most accurate and that the method should perform comparatively better for heavier elements. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 72
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some topics in relativistic quantum chemistry are reviewed with special emphasis on 4-currents and 4-potentials. It is shown that, both in molecular quantum theory and in solid-state physics, calculations can include relativistic and magnetic effects by means of 4-currents without an excessive increase in complication, provided that 4-component Dirac spinors are used rather than the Pauli approximation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 73
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 587-590 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Consider two orbital sets χk, k = 1…m and η1, 1 = 1…n, which are mutually nonorthogonal. Provided that n 〉 m, at least n - m orbitals of the set {η} can be orthogonalized to the set {χ} by a transformation within the set {η}. The orthogonalization of the remaining orbitals of {η} to the set {χ} requires a transformation in which the χk appear explicitly. The orthogonalization of one orbital set to another is relevant for SCF optimizations in a truncated basis set, in the presence of frozen occupied orbitals. Examples are frozen core calculations, ECP calculations, and embedded cluster calculations, where the cluster is embedded in a frozen environment. A simple orthogonalization scheme, which makes use of a corresponding orbital transformation, is presented. It is suggested that with a small, well-defined extension of the set {η} the complete orthogonalization can be done with a transformation in which the {χ} do not appear explicitly. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 74
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 67-80 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ground state electron correlation is introduced into the one-particle propagator via coupled cluster theory. This defines a similarity transformation of the Hamiltonian, which leads to the complete separation of the ionization and electron attachment aspects of the propagator. The latter makes it possible to solve for each property independently. Furthermore, the frequency (or energy) dependence which characterizes propagator theory is eliminated by introducing a wave operator formalism. It is shown that this procedure is equivalent to the summation of certain types of terms in the electron propagator perturbation expansion to infinite order. Finally, the resulting equations are found to be equivalent to those of the Fock-space coupled-cluster (or equivalently the equation of motion coupled-cluster) method, which provides an explicit wave function for each state, demonstrating the connection between these different approaches for the calculation of ionization potentials and electron affinities. Understanding this relationship permits new and powerful approximations to be proposed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 75
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 155-162 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 76
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 71-85 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A variational principle for the transition matrix is considered. Conception of the MC SCF (in particular, CASSCF) approach for the transition matrix is proposed as a solution of the variational problem on the optimal evolution of a packet of two stationary states with some additional conditions. An ordinary MC SCF method for a single state is a special case of the proposed approach. Some aspects of the solving of the equations for the optimal transition matrix are treated. The method can be used in atomic and molecular calculations of transition energies, oscillator strengths, and other properties. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 77
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 105-114 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some operators considered conventionally as Hermitian are not strictly Hermitian for the freeelectron states known especially in the case of solids. The consequences of this fact on the closure property are examined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 78
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 115-117 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 79
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 123-132 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The barriers to internal rotation about the N—C bond of formamide and the formamide-H2O complex have been examined by ab initio quantum chemistry methods. Both self-consistent field and correlated approaches have been utilized to determine the geometries, energies, and local harmonic vibrational frequencies of the minimum-energy and transition-state structures of these two systems. We find that formamide's rotation barrier of 14-15 kcal/mol is increased to 16-18 kcal/mol when a single H2O molecule is attached. This result contrasts with the effect of a single H2O solvent molecule on the barrier to tautomerization of formamide (to form formamidic acid HN—CHOH) for which a barrier lowering of ca. 20 kcal/mol has been observed. The rotation barriers obtained for formamide and for its H2O complex are compared with barriers obtained experimentally in various solvents. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 80
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 45 (1993), S. 167-176 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new formulation of the eigenvector equations for certain polymeric molecules is given. The electronic bands for the infinite molecules are deduced. For the finite molecules, the use of ghost molecules allows an exact specialization of the infinite to the finite eigenvector equations. The complete solution of the equations depends on the solution of a simple transcendental equation. Approximate solutions of this equation are given that bracket the accurate solutions so that, for molecules with many repeated moieties, the approximations become good. The general theory is illustrated by applications to the chrysene series and to the polyphenyls. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 81
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 269-285 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We exploit the unitary group formalism in formulating a multiconfigurational single-reference coupled cluster method for cases involving one or two electrons in open shells. The linear version of CCSD theory for the simple open shell case and for low lying singlet states of closed shell systems are considered in detail. The entire formalism is related to the unitary group based CISD method, and explicit expressions for size-extensivity corrections, leading to the L-CCSD formalism, are given. An illustrative example of the minimum basis set model of the BeH radical is also presented. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 82
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 303-308 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article gives an improved derivation for U(n1 + n2) ⊃ U(n1) × U(n2), SN1+N2 ⊃ SN1 × SN2, and other transformation coefficients by using a series of elementary Racah transformations. These transformation coefficients can be expressed generally in terms of a product of segments containing 6j symbols and easily calculated. Possible segment factors are given in Table I. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 83
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 309-319 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio electronic structure calculations, carried out in conjunction with rigorous analysis of the resulting wavefunctions, demonstrate that the electronic factors responsible for the unusual stability of the 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene carbene are directly related to the substantial σ-backdonation from the carbenic carbon to the adjacent nitrogen atoms. The π-donation is found to play only a minor role, ruling out the presence of significant stabilization due to ylidic resonance structures. The unusually large proton affinity of the carbene is explained by the extra π-electron stabilization of the corresponding 1,3-dimethylimidazolium cation. The MP2/6-311++G** level of theory is found to be sufficient for accurate predictions of the geometries of the imidazol-2-ylidene carbenes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 84
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 331-341 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vibration frequencies for 2-aminoethanol, neutral glycine, glycolic acid, n-propylamine, n-propanol, and propionic acid were calculated on the ab-initio RHF level with a variety of standard basis sets including polarization and diffuse functions. Experimental frequencies, if available, are compared with these data and basis set suitability is discussed on the basis of this comparison. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 85
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 355-361 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetic energy component is shown to be a well-defined quantity in the divide-and-conquer method. This kinetic energy converges to the conventional Kohn-Sham kinetic energy when the numbers of the “buffer atoms” for subsystems increase. Numerical results from sample calculations confirm that the kinetic energy component converges to the Kohn-Sham value as the basis set increases. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 86
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 479-490 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Results of an ab initio SCF (4-31G) study of the potential energy surface of 4-aminobutanol are reported. Four different intramolecular hydrogen bonds are present in the various local minima: N … H—O, N—H … O, C4—H … O, N … H—C1. These interactions are discussed and compared with those present in the homologues 3-aminopropanol and 2-aminoethanol. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 87
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many-body perturbation theory is applied to the nitrogen triple bond for bond distances ranging from the atomic regime to about 0.6a0 shorter than equilibrium. A full-optimized reaction space model is used to compute orbital spaces with an even-tempered gaussian-type basis set and also with a nominal Bagus-Gilbert Slater-type basis set. Conservation of orbital angular momentum in the atomic regime leads to perturbative theory for Hartree-Fock plus proper dissociation. Angular momentum conservation can also be enforced with a scaled Slater-Condon parameter. Third-order dissociation energies and spectroscopic constants approach limits of the chosen basis sets. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 88
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of 2,3-diketopiperazine in a crystal phase (P21/c), modeled by a 13-molecule cluster surrounded by point charges, was completely optimized using standard gradient procedures. The (ab initio) MIA approach was used to perform the SCF step, which using a 4-21G basis set, involves calculations using 1092 basis functions. Results are in very good agreement with experimental (X-ray) data, in contrast to a previous study in which a model was used consisting of only point charges. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 89
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 46 (1993), S. 87-100 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hartree-Fock calculations of the molecular geometry and electronic properties (ionization potentials) of bare Nin clusters (n = 3, 7, 13, and 25) and nickel clusters bearing a chemisorbed CH3 radical are reported. A basis of double-zeta quality on light atoms including carbon and a model core potential along with double-zeta plus polarization auxiliary basis set for nickel atoms have been used. Computed properties serve to assess cluster-size convergence when nickel atoms core electrons are described with [1s-3d] pseudopotentials. In spite of their simplicity, results with these potentials are in good agreement with previously reported theoretical and experimental data on seven-atom clusters. This suggests that the cluster-model approach to surface bonding using simple pseudoopotentials can lead to meaningful results and tractable computationl times when applied to larger chemisorbed organic molecules. Thus, this approach may be adequate to help find out direct experimental evidence of the interfacial bonding for grafted structures obtained under cathodic electropolymerization of acrylonitrile on nickel surfaces. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
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  • 90
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 46 (1993), S. 101-107 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: There exist problems in condensed-matter theory that require evaluating infinite Bloch sums of multipolar potential r-l-1Yl,m(θ,ϕ) on a periodic lattice. For an arbitrary multipolar order l, tractable formulas are given for summing such interactions on a two-dimensional Bravais lattice and evaluating their Bloch sums at a point outside as well as inside the plane of the lattice. The approach used is the Ewald method, which consists of separating the original series in rapidly converging sums in reciprocal and real spaces. Computational aspects of the present formulation are briefly reviewed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 91
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  • 92
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 46 (1993), S. 271-294 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Structure and the energy of the stable conformations of the two possible stereochemical configurations of 2,4-diphenylpentane are obtained using the ab initio molecular orbital theory. The objective was to mimic the possible structures and determine the corresponding energies of the dyads of syndiotactic and isotactic polystyrene and, consequently, to study the interactions between the phenyl groups. The results of complete geometry optimization showed significant changes in geometrical parameters compared with those expected from the ideal hydrocarbon structure. The steric strain is most pronounced in some of the gauche conformations where large (approximately 40°) distortions of the backbone torsional angles and/or simultaneous phenyl group rotations in the range of 30°-40° away from its global minimum position may occur. In addition to the discussion of the geometrical parameters, the corresponding dipole moments are also calculated and differences related to the various structures and discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
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  • 93
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 46 (1993), S. 319-333 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The eigenvalues of the Schrödinger equation with a polynomial potential are calculated accurately by means of the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method and a basis set of functions satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions. The method is applied to the well potentials having one, two, and three minima. It is shown, in the entire range of coupling constants, that the basis set of trigonometric functions has the capability of yeilding the energy spectra of unbounded problems without any loss of convergence providing that the boundary value α remains greater than a critical value αcr. Only the computation of the nearly degenerate states of multiwell oscillators requires dealing with a relatively large truncation order. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 46 (1993), S. 339-341 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 95
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 46 (1993), S. 119-125 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The lowest-energy N4 is computed ab initio to be the planar C2h(3Bu) open-chain structure 13. The open-chain N4 singlet-state structures dissociate on geometry optimization. The tetraazatetrahedrane Td structure 1 and the tetrazete D2h structure 2 are minima at MP2/6-31G*. However, both are higher in energy than 13 (24.1 and 21.2 Kcal/mol [UQCISD) (T)(full)/6-311+G*//MP2/6-31G* + ZPE(MP2/6-31G)*, respectively]. The energy of 13 is 157.5 kcal/mol higher than that of two N2(1∑g+ molecules [UQCISD(T)(Full)/6-311+G*//MP2/6-31G*] © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 46 (1993), S. 671-671 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 46 (1993), S. 673-674 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 46 (1993) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 48 (1993), S. 815-826 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many xenobiotics containing N or S heteroatoms are metabolized by the cytochrome P450s, leading to a variety of products which can be toxic, carcinogenic, or detoxifying. Thus, it is important to try to establish molecular criteria that modulate competitive product formation for these types of compounds. In the absence of 3D structures for the P450 isozymes that are responsible for the oxidations of N- and S-containing compounds, we have focused here on the characterization and identification of possible electronic and thermodynamic factors that could be modulators of different types of product formation. Specifically, the competition among N-oxidation, N-hydroxylation and Cα-hydroxylation for three amines were examined. Similarly, three thioethers were studied for their internal competition between S-oxidation and Cα-hydroxylation. The results obtained indicate that the stability of the cation radical intermediate formed by the one electron transfer mechanism is not a determinant of differences in product distribution between the two types of compounds. Rather, relative product stability appears to be a significant modulator of product distribution explaining why S-oxide formation is favored over N-oxide and why Cα-hydroxylation is usually favored over N-oxide formation in amines. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 46 (1993), S. 711-734 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This work analyses the adequacy of an analytical electrostatic energy formulation within the CNDO framework to predict the stable conformations of large molecular complexes. Comparisons are made with abinitio results for small systems such as water-formamide, methanol-water-imidazole, or guanine-cytosine and with AM1 results for two large systems: a molecular tweezer + the 9-methyladenine complex and a model active site of the α-chymotrypsin and its ligand complex. This approach is efficient in providing reliable confromers for large molecular systems in a very fast way. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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