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  • 1990-1994  (2,230)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1993  (2,230)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2,230)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulphonate buffers affect the recovery of microtubule-associated proteins MAP1 and MAP2: Evidence that MAP1A promotes microtubule assembly (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 25 (1993), S. 234-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: micotubules ; tubulin ; polymerisation ; MAP isoforms ; high-molecular weight MAPs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The influence of two commonly used sulphonate buffers, PIPES and MES, on the in vitro assembly of bovine brain microtubule protein was examined. Microtubule assembly was monitored by turbimetry and, after centrifugation, the polymerised protein was analysed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Assembly in MES when compared with PIPES resulted in a higher recovery of microtubule proteins at both pH 6.4 and pH 6.9 and in an altered protein composition. The buffer pH affected the total amount of protein polymerized but did not significantly affect the protein composition. At both pH conditions the recovery of HMW-MAPs was markedly increased in MES buffer and this increase was mostly due to an increase in the amount of MAP1. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970250304
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenesis of F-actin in hair cells (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 25 (1993), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cochlea ; rat ; stereocilia ; phalloidin labeling ; cytoskeletal proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This report describes the ontogenesis of cochlear stereocilia using scanning electron microscopy for analysis of cilia appearance, and fluorescence microscopy of phalloidin, a label for F-actin, to determine the maturation of the cilia framework. Surface and frozen-sectioned preparations of the otic capsule were obtained from several stages of rat pup development beginning at the 16th gestational day and at various stages until adulthood. In the earliest stage investigated, strong fluorescence labeling was visible on the apical part of Kölliker's organ, revealing a reticular outline of cell junctions. Hair cells started to differentiate at the 18th day of gestation from cells within the primordial receptor area. Phalloidin labeling revealed a sequential appearance of F-actin as the hair cells differentiated from the cells within the Kölliker's organ. The differentiation of receptor cells occurred first with the appearance of a junctional complex between the hair cell and the surrounding cells. Then a cuticular plate appeared followed by the progressive emergence of stereocilia.The F-actin labeling also revealed a progressive differentiation of receptors cells from the cochlear base to its apex. There was also an inner to outer hair cell developmental gradient of label. Inner hair cells developed stereocilia before outer hair cells. The third row of outer hair cells was the last to acquire stereocilia. The adult patern of stereocilia was reached around the 6th postnatal day.We conclude that the appearance of actin filaments in developing receptor cells and the emergence of stereocilia can be regarded as markers for correlating function and other structural differentiation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970250302
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060101
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiber orientation of anterior cruciate ligament: An experimental morphological and functional study, part I (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 26-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: knee joint ; anterior cruciate ligament ; joint morphology ; joint function ; isometric reconstruction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is divided morphologically as well as functionally into anteromedial and posterolateral bundles.The changes in distance between femoral and tibial attachment sites of both bundles were measured throughout the full range of motion in ten formalin-carbol preserved cadaveric knees.The femoro-tibial distance (and thus the length) of the anteromedial bundle remains nearly the same throughout the full range of motion. The femoro-tibial distance for the posterolateral bundle decreases with flexion; thus it becomes increasingly slack from 0° to 90° of flexion.For a truly functional replacement of the ACL, in which the roll-glide motion of the knee joint is regained, isometric reconstruction of the anteromedial bundle is necessary. By utilizing the described method of intraoperative measurement, isometric positioning of the graft may be achieved. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060105
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphologic study of interthalamic adhesions in Korean brains (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: interthalamic adhesion ; Korean human brain ; incidence ; size ; site ; configuration ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The incidence, size and, configuration of interthalamic adhesions were investigated in 146 Korean human brains. The incidence of adhesions was 88.4% and they were located mainly in the center of the third ventricle and posterior-superiorly in quadrant I. Average size was 6.7 ± 2.19 mm × 5.1 ± 1.89 mm, and the most common shape was oval. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060106
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The variable anatomy of the nerve to the extensor carpi radialis brevis (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 48-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: nerve variations ; radial nerve ; wrist extensors ; nerves ; extensor carpi radialis brevis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The origin and course of the nerve to the extensor carpi radialis brevis are closely related to the lateral aspect of the elbow joint and proximal portion of the radius - both of which are frequent sites of pathology and surgical treatment. The specific origin of the nerve supply to the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle has been attributed variably by diverse anatomic and clinical texts to be the radial nerve, its deep branch or its superficial branch. This study was undertaken to determine the most common source of the nerve to the extensor carpi radialis brevis, as well as the most predictable topographic site of its origin. A total of 111 limbs were dissected, with the most common origin (56.7%) found to be the deep radial nerve, followed by the superficial branch of the radial nerve (31.5%), and least frequently from the bifurcation of the radial nerve into its superficial and deep branches (11.7%). This nerve branch was found to arise in most individuals within one centimeter of the distal edge of the humeroradial joint and to pass distally about 3.5 centimeters before entrance into the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060108
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notices (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 65-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060114
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060201
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The medial femoral circumflex artery: Its clinical anatomy and nomenclature (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 94-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: arteries ; thigh vessels ; femoral artery ; profunda femoris ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The medial femoral circumflex artery (MFC) is important in its supply to the head and neck of the femur and to the adductor and hamstring muscles, several of which, notably the gracilis and biceps femoris, are used commonly in reconstructive surgical procedures. Considering the clinical significance of this artery, it is somewhat surprising to note the present lack of clarity of description and inconsistency of the nomenclature for this vessel and its branches, as seen in respected sources. This project was undertaken 1) to reexamine the origin, course, and distribution of the MFC and 2) to reevaluate the nomenclature in the anatomic and clinical literature for this artery and its branches. In 30 cadaveric specimens the MFC arose most commonly from the deep femoral artery (53%) or the femoral artery (40%). The MFC typically gave origin to two major ventral muscular branches and a small trochanteric branch before passing from the adductor compartment into the flexor compartment of the thigh. Thereafter, the MFC divided into an ascending branch to the hip and a descending branch to the hamstrings and sciatic nerve. We recommend the use of the terms “ascending” and “descending,” which are listed in the 6th Edition of the Nomina Anatomica, and the deletion of “transverse,” “superficial,” and “deep” as named branches of the MFC. We question the description of the “crucial” or “cruciate anastomosis,” as usually taught to medical students. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060205
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cadaveric study of the peroneus tertius muscle (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 106-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: muscle ; peroneus tertius ; intertendinous connections ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Most anatomy textbooks state that peroneus tertius arises from the distal third of the fibula and is inserted into the fifth metatarsal. In a study of one limb from each of 40 cadavers, peroneus tertius was absent in 2 limbs, and in 35 it arose from the lower middle quarter of the fibula. The origin was continuous with that of extensor digitorum longus in 33 limbs, and the length of the origin was correlated with the width of the tendon (r = 0.67). The tendon was single in 37 limbs and double in 1. Intertendinous connections between peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum longus were found in 6 limbs. The trapezoidal insertion of peroneus tertius into the fifth metatarsal was bifurcate in two cases and trifurcate in one. Our study suggested that the standard textbook descriptions of peroneus tertius need to be revised. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060206
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An autoradiographic study of the distribution of the vagus nerve in the wall of the ferret stomach (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: dorsal motor nucleus of vagus ; truncal vagotomy ; autoradiography ; myenteric ganglia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study, the normal distribution of the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks in the wall of the stomach of the ferret was investigated by the method of partial acute vagotomy and analyzed by light autoradiography. The dorsal trunk is distributed to the dorsal surface of the body and both surfaces of the pylorus. The ventral trunk reaches principally to the body of the ventral surface of the stomach. Three months after partial vagotomy, tritiated leucine was injected into the vagal dorsal motor nucleus to map any anatomical changes in the gastric distribution of each abdominal vagal trunk.Three months after dorsal trunk vagotomy, the ventral trunk invaded the territory of the dorsal trunk close to the lesser curvature of the body of the stomach by reactive sprouting. Three months after ventral trunk vagotomy, the dorsal trunk spread to innervate the ventral surface of the stomach that formerly was innervated by the ventral trunk.Three months after ventral trunk vagotomy, regrown connection of the ventral trunk was observed crossing over the ligature to the denervated areas of the ventral surface of the stomach. This result was observed in the three animals of chronic ventral vagotomy only, and the histological examination of the regrown connection showed that it was neuronal.This phenomenon of the compensatory reactive sprouting of the surviving vagal nerve terminals, whether regenerative or terminal, may explain the recovery of gastric function. This could account for some of the failures of partial vagotomy in humans. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060104
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular anatomy of the spleen: The basis for organ-preserving surgery (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: splenic blood supply ; splenic segmentation ; partial splenectomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The increased susceptibility to infection following splenectomy calls for a partial organ-preserving operative procedure. The basis for this conservative surgery depends on a thorough knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the organ. With this in mind 32 spleens were studied by angiographies and corrosion casts. The organs were classified into four groups according to their vascular pattern with special emphasis on the blood supply of the polar segments. Two, three, and four segments were found in 3.1%, 15.6%, and 81.3%, respectively. A bifurcation of the splenic artery was noted in 93.8%, and a trifurcation in 6.2%. A Y-type of branching of the hilar vessels with easier access for surgical procedures was noticed in 84.4%, and a T-type in 9.4%; in 6.2% a classification was not possible. Intersegmentary anastomoses, as a potential hazard for operations on the spleen, were present in 15.6%. Arteries and veins coincided. The exact diagnosis of the specific individual vascular anatomy and segmental organization of the spleen are necessary presuppositions for a successful partial spleen-preserving technique. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060102
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of the gubernacular-scrotal interface during testicular descent in the newborn rat (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 356-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: gubernaculum ; scrotum ; testicular descent ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The gubernaculum has been described as the “rudder” that guides the testis into the scrotum. Prior to inguinoscrotal testicular descent, the gubernaculum rests in the groin and does not attach to the scrotum. Subsequently, it migrates and attaches to the scrotum under control of the genitofemoral nerve. This study evaluates, with electron microscopy, the relationship of the gubernaculum with the developing scrotum during normal testicular descent.Male rats were sacrificed at 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 18 days (n = 2 for each group) and sagittal sections through the gubernacular-scrotal interface evaluated with transmission electron microscopy. We observed the following with increasing animal age: (1) gubernacular cremaster muscle matured and nuclei shifted to the periphery of cells as connective tissue surrounding myofibers decreased, (2) scrotal fibroblasts initially showed high activity with dilated endoplasmic reticulum, but activity and number subsequently decreased, (3) scrotal collagen increased and organized into defined fibers and bundles, (4) a well-delineated band of collagen developed along the gubernaculum and advanced towards the inferior scrotum, and (5) nerve fibers appeared between the layers of cremaster muscle, increased in number with increasing age, and became myelinated at age 14 days. Gubernacular migration is intimately associated with scrotal development and testicular descent. Knowledge of cellular and intracellular differentiation during migration in the normal animal can further understanding of abnormal development and lead to improvements in treatment for common surgical problems such as cryptorchidism. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060608
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notices (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 380-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060613
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    American association of clinical anatomists criteria for membership (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 199-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060315
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical study of the symmetry of lateral extensor compartment of the wrist (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 222-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: abductor pollicis longus ; extensor pollicis brevis ; stenosing tenosynovitis ; de Quervain's disease ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The anatomy of the lateral extensor compartment of the wrist has been extensively studied, since it is the site of stenosing tenosynovitis of the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis (de Quervain's disease). Septation of the compartment and multiplicity of the tendons within it have been thought, by some surgeons, to cause overcrowding and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of the condition.This anatomical study of ten pairs of cadaveric hands has shown that these variations are common, confirming previous reports in the literature, and, more importantly, that they are frequently bilaterally symmetrical. Since de Quervain's disease tends to occur unilaterally, it seems unlikely that anatomical variations are important in its pathogenesis.Appreciation of these variations is, however, important in surgical treatment.Adequate exposure is necessary to recognize the anatomical structures, so that all subcompartments within the fibroosseous tunnel may be decompressed. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060405
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microvasculature of the human esophagus: A study on 25 autopsy specimens (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: esophagus ; blood supply ; capillary circulation ; esophageal surgery ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The increasing number of esophagectomies coupled with the importance of microvasculature for anastomotic healing and a paucity of published data have prompted this study. Human esophagi were harvested from 12 male and 13 female cadavers with a mean age of 57.7 years (21-84) and an average length of 30.7 cm (22-40). Transverse sections (31) of each esophagus were made at equidistant intervals and prepared for microscopy. The number of intramural capillaries was counted in each section, the mean being 51.8 (45.4-61.3). Vascularization of the esophagus was best at the level of the cricoid cartilage (57. 12), proximal to the clavicles (57.44), and in its distal thoracic part (61.28), and worst cranial to the aortic arch (47.64) and above the diaphragm (45.36). The differences were significant (p 〈 0.05). The parts with the least number of capillaries correspond to the zones between the different origins of the main arterial sources. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060404
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the Editor (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 256-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060411
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    British association of clinical anatomists membership application form (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 262-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060414
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Posteriorly situated retroperitoneal colon: A study using CT and MRI (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: colon ; anatomy ; radiography ; computed tomography ; magnetic resonance imaging ; spine ; nerve root ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a patient with symptoms attributable to lumbar spine disease, computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the descending colon lying in an exceptionally posteromedial position. The colon, within the retroperitoneal fat, passed between the psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles, thereby abutting the normal left L4 ventral ramus lateral to the L5 pedicle. Although it remains debatable whether this curious anatomical arrangement was responsible for this patient's symptoms, the case prompted us to see how often the colon was situated so posteromedially. Among 33 consecutive patients whose abdominal CT images were analyzed, this close anatomical relationship was seen in only one patient; it was not seen in any of 50 randomly selected patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine. As judged by CT measurements, the average position of the most posteromedial portion of the descending colon lies 5 mm anterolateral to a plane joining the anterolateral margins of the psoas major, quadratus lumborum, and iliacus muscles and 54 mm from the ventral ramus. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060502
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  • 121
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    Variations of the middle meningeal artery: Significance for surgery and practice (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: dural vascularization ; middle cranial fossa ; arterial variations ; head injuries ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The origin and branching of the middle meningeal artery (MMA), as well as the length and development of its three main branches, were analyzed by following the arterial sulci on skull bones. We examined 186 macerated skulls (128 male and 58 female). Variations were classified into nine types. Some of the previously ignored communications of the branches of MMA with other arteries of the external carotid systems such as the deep temporal a., deep auricular a., occipital a., and anterior tympanic a. are described. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060505
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
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    Relationship of deep structures of the hand and wrist to topographical landmarks (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 300-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: carpal canal ; carpal tunnel surgery ; carpal tunnel syndrome ; flexor retinaculum ; transverse carpal ligament ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship of topographical landmarks to the deep structures of the wrist and hand has not been clearly defined and would be of benefit to surgeons performing endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery. To this end, 10 fresh cadaveric wrist specimens had radiopaque markers placed adjacent to key anatomic structures within the wrist and hand. A new technique for localizing the hook of the hamate was established. We found that the thick segment of the flexor retinaculum, often defined as the transverse carpal ligament, was 2.2 cm in length. Its distal border was 1 cm distal to the distal aspect of the hook of the hamate. The proximal ligamentous portion had a mean length of 1.2 cm, whereas the distal aponeurotic portion (distal to the hook of the hamate) had a mean length of 1.0 cm. The position of the superficial palmar arch was 2.7 cm distal to the hook of the hamate or at a line bisecting three-fourths of the distance from the distal flexor wrist crease to the proximal palmar crease. The relationship of the superficial palmar arch to topographical landmarks was more consistent than it was when the standard reference of Kaplan's cardinal line was used. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060507
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    “The human brain” by John Nolte. Third edition, 446 pp. St. Louis: Mosby-Yearbook, 1993. $37.95 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 319-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060511
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  • 124
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    Notices (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 324-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060514
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  • 125
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    Tracheostomy: An anatomico-clinical review (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 337-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: surgery ; trachea ; anatomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tracheostomy surgery may be accompanied by complications that lead to morbidity and mortality. The incidence of these complications is not inconsiderable, as documented by case reports that continue to appear annually. Most complications are based on failure to appreciate the anatomic relationships of the area. In an operation that often falls to the lot of the junior surgeon and that deals with normal anatomic structures, it is disappointing to find that the surgeon gets little help when consulting clinical anatomic texts. Infact, the advice given may be erroneous, indefinite, or even misleading. It is strongly urged that a tracheostomy education program be instituted at the clinical anatomic level. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060604
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    Observation of anomalus triplication of unilateral anterior digastric muscle (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 353-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: anomaly ; anterior belly of the digastric muscle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We describe a rare anomaly in the submental region of a single male cadaver specimen. The anterior belly of the right digastric muscle was observed to have three separate insertions. Most medial of these crossed the midline and inserted to the digastric fossa with the opposite digastric muscle. These muscle bands were united in a common tendon as they continued with the posterior belly. This is an anatomical variation in the mylohyoid digastric muscle group in the floor of the mouth. Consideration of such variations of the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles should be noted during the evaluation of the floor of the mouth in the CT examination or MR imaging. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060607
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  • 127
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    “Medical neuroanatomy: A problem-oriented manual with annotated atlas,” by Frank Willard and Daniel P. Pearl, 304 pp., 137 illus. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1993, $25.50 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 377-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060611
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  • 128
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    Clinical anatomy: Trends in medicine and medical education and their impact upon the future (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 54-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060109
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  • 129
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    Neuroanatomy: A review with questions and Explanations, by Richard S. Snell. pp. 1-ix + 298. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1992. £16 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 62-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060111
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  • 130
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    Illustrating science: Standards for publication. 1988: Council of Biology Editors, Inc. 9650 Rockvile Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 63-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060112
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  • 131
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    Characteristic features of the ultrastructure of choroid plexus capillaries of fetal lateral ventricles and their clinical significance for intraventricular hemorrhage (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: choroid plexus ; capillary endothelium ; basement membrane ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The capillaries within the lateral ventricular choroid plexuses from 14 normal fetal brains and one 5-year-old child were studied with electron microscopy. Endothelial pores and simple tight junctions were not observed until a fetal age of 24 weeks. From 24 weeks through 30 weeks of fetal age, the protein particles of the tight junctions became progressively aligned into a continuous row. Only an intermittent basement-membranelike material was found in the fetal tissues; however, a continuous basement membrane was found in tissues from a 5-year-old child. We suggest fluid in capillary lumina may enter the tissue space through “very leaky” endothelial tight junctions due to the fixed osmotic gradient, while the macromolecular substances pass into the tissue space by pinocytosis of the endothelial cells. The macromolecular substances may in turn be transferred into the ventricular cavities by epithelial cells. Although the pathogeny of fetal interventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is unclear, we suspect that the simple tight junctions found early in development may break down under certain abnormal vascular conditions and allow blood to leak out. Normal deficiencies in the fetal basement membrane and its weak extensibility are also factors which could contribute to fetal IVH. No relationship was demonstrated between the types and numbers of cell organelles present and fetal age. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060203
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  • 132
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    A quarter century of changes in anatomy: Genesis and viewpoint (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 116-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: No Abstruct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060208
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  • 133
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    Principal of anatomy and oral anatomy for dental students. By M. E. Atkinson and F. H. White 529pp. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingston, 1992. £27.50 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 122-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060210
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  • 134
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    Periosteal and Intraosseous arteries of the human femur: Sphincter-arteries in the medullary cavity (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: proper arteries of the human femur ; age-dependent alterations ; arterial sphincters ; corrosion casts ; histology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Microanatomic injection and corrosion casts were made of 30 human femora of all ages to study the distribution of periosteal and intraosseous arteries; additionally, the marrow of 85 femora (also from all ages) was harvested for histological examination of these vessels. Examination of the diaphyseal and metaphyseal periosteal arteries revealed slight rarefication in density during the lifespan, whereas endosteal arteries were significantly changed in appearance. Two broad dense arterial trees (one located in the proximal half and the other in the distal half) with regular branching crowns were found in the fetal femur. By the second decade of life, the two vascular trees were reduced to an irregular, sparse structure that often showed glomuslike convolutions. Histologically, the intraosseous arteries often developed single or grouped axially oriented smooth muscle cells located in any of the layers of the arterial wall or were sometimes found included within the internal elastic lamina. In about 10% of the glomuslike convolutions, circumscribed intra-arterial cushions and sphincters of modified epithelioid smooth muscle cells were found. These structures may be part of arteriovenous anastomoses that serve to regulate blood pressure and may release humoral agents. The transformation of the arterial distribution pattern and the occurrence of arterial cushions and sphincters parallel the change of red haematopoetic marrow into yellow marrow. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060303
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  • 135
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    Insertion orientation of terminal vastus lateralis obliquus and vastus medialis obliquus muscle fibers in human knees (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: quadriceps ; patella ; vastus medialis ; vastus lateralis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The quadriceps mechanism consists of the patellar ligament distally and the quadriceps tendon proximally. The quadriceps tendon is the confluence of the tendinous portions of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. Lieb and Perry (J. Bone Joint Surg. 50A:1535-1547, 1968) have described the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and Hallisey et al. (J. Bone Joint Surg. 69A:545-549, 1987) have described the vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO). These muscles are the terminal medial and lateral insertions of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis. This study delineates and quantifies anatomic sex differences for the medial and lateral angular terminal insertions of the vastus lateralis obliquus and vastus medialis obliquus in relationship to the longitudinal axis of the patella in 40 embalmed cadaver knees. A mathematical model is developed and discussed using least steps regression equations y = Ax + B, where y = the VLO insertion angle, x = the VMO insertion angle, A = the coefficients, and B = the y intercept. These equations are different in males and females, with males having more horizontally oriented VLO fibers than females. The vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO) insertion angle can be predicted based upon measurement of the vastus medialis obliquus insertion angle and sex: Log VLO = 1.36 + .00531 VNIO - 0.000166 (S × VMO), where S = 1 for females and S = 0 for males. In embalmed cadaver knees, the angular terminal insertion of the vastus lateralis obliquus related to the longitudinal axis of the patella is more horizontally oriented in males than in females. The angular terminal insertion of the vastus medialis obliquus of males and females does not increase equally with increases in the angular terminal insertion of the vastus lateralis obliquus. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060302
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  • 136
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    Age changes in the human laryngeal cartilages (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 154-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: radiographic anatomy ; human larynx ; calcification ; ossification ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Various changes in the human laryngeal cartilages have been studied by the naked eye, radiology, and histology in 28 dissecting room and 20 autopsy specimens (21 male and 27 female) ranging from 14 to 101 years. Except for one 14- and one 20-year-old specimen, radiographic signs of calcification occurred in all and were found in hyaline cartilaginous tissue of the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, and the variably occurring triticiate cartilages. A series of stages has been established indicating the pattern of spread of the process in the thyroid cricoid and arytenoid cartilages. Minor differences between the sexes were found in the thyroid and the cricoid, and some correlation was noted between sites of calcification with sites of muscle attachment and sites of greatest mass. The degree of involvement was not, however, found to be a reliable index of age, with wide variations occurring between individuals. Histology showed various degenerative processes, including calcification, but also revealed the occurrence of actual ossification even in some younger specimens. However, some foci of cartilage always persisted even when ossification was well advanced. Naked eye examination detected regions within the cartilages where ossification was well established, dark areas being produced by the presence of marrow. The remaining tissue was found histologically to be composed of cartilage, which might be calcified or might even contain small foci of bone. Radiology was an accurate method for detection of calcification and ossification, which were sometimes distinguishable, larger masses of calcified cartilage having a dense uniform radiographic appearance unlike the trabecular pattern of bone. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060305
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  • 137
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    Characterization of collagenous and elastic fiber systems and microvasculature of human cruciate ligaments: An electronmicroscopic and stereologic study (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 146-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: electron microscopy ; collagen ultrastructure ; extracellular matrix ; vessels ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cruciate ligaments of 35 human knee joints were analyzed by the combined use of immunohistochemistry and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results were verified by morphometric analyses. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) had a more twisted and complex architecture compared to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The PCL showed significantly (p 〈 0,05) thicker fibril diameters (x = 84,2 nm, s = 25,8 nm vs. x = 79,3 nm, s = 19,9 nm) and a higher total cross-sectional area (252,00 mm2 vs. 208,0. 5 mm2) than the ACL. In both ligaments, type III collagen was detected using monoclonal antibodies. The ACL revealed more type VI but less type IV collagen than the PCL. The vascularization of the ACL revealed an age-dependent pattern and was significantly (p 〈 0,001) less well marked than in the PCL. The results reflect the poor vascular supply of the ACL in the human knee joint. The complex collagen architecture and the lower vascularization of the ACL in comparison with the PCL may contribute to poor surgical results after traumatic anterior cruciate ligament rupture. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060304
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  • 138
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    Pterygospinous and pterygoalar foramina: A role in the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia? (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: skull ; morphology ; pterygospinous foramen ; pterygoalar foramen ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pterygospinous and pterygoalar foramina are illustrated photographically. To confirm the incidence of the foramina 454 skulls from various racial groups were examined. A survey of the literature shows that the pterygospinous foramen is present in about 10% of individuals and the pterygoalar foramen in about 1%. The possibility that either foramen may trap, compress, or cause traction of anomalous cutaneous branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, or occlude blood vessels supplying the trigeminal ganglion is discussed in relation to trigeminal neuralgia. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060308
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  • 139
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    Teaching and examining clinical skills in anatomy (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 185-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: education ; assessment ; preclinical ; integration ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Basic clinical skills are taught throughout the undergraduate anatomy course at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. They are tested in weekly, termly, and end-of-course examinations, and this material is reinforced by anatomy lectures during the clinical course. Anatomists and clinicians are involved in both teaching and examining. This fires the students' motivation for learning and enhances their knowledge of anatomy. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060310
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  • 140
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    Abstracts (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 194-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060314
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  • 141
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    Design of heart valves: A review (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: valves ; heart ; atrioventricular ; semilunar ; annulus ; cusps ; chordae tendineae ; papillary muscles ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Each of the major cardiac valves (two arterial and two atrioventricular) is made up of a fibrous annulus with a characteristic configuration, and cusps or leaflets comprising a layer of endocardium folded over a fibrous lamina. Each of the arterial valves (aortic and pulmonary) has an annulus shaped like a three-pronged coronet to which are attached three equal-sized semilunar cusps. The arterial wall beyond each cusp forms a pocket or sinus which is crucial in the efficient closure of these valves. The coronary arterial orifices in the aorta lie high in two of the sinuses or above them and are unaffected by valve action. Narrowing of the annulus is a significant component of closure of each cardiac valve, more so for the atrioventricular valves than the arterial. Despite their traditional terminology, the left and right atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) both possess more than three leaflets each. Closure of these valves is not dependent on the number of leaflets and it is easiest to regard leaflet tissue as a continuous veil or skirt tapering towards the ventricles, where it is tethered to papillary muscles by means of chordae tendineae. Closure of these valves is biphasic, an incomplete phase in late diastole and complete closure during ventricular systole. Movement of atrioventricular leaflet tissue is slight as it is held down by tension of the chordae tendineae. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060602
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    Measurement of the vena cava at postmortem examination, from the upper end of the superior vena cava via the right atrium to the lower end of the inferior vena cava (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: versa cava ; IVOX ; postmortem examination ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report describes the length of the entire vena cava in Japanese subjects. This length is important for the use of the new intravenous oxygenator (IVOX). The IVOX is used as an intravascular artificial lung. Situated in the vena caval system, IVOX extends from the upper end of the superior vena cava via the right atrium to the lower end of the inferior vena cava. It was first reported by Mortensen (1987) and has been used clinically in the United States and Europe. The IVOX has four sizes, which range in length from 30 to 40 cm. When using the IVOX for Japanese subjects, a vena cava size that accommodates the IVOX should be chosen. We measured the length of the entire vena cava in 34 cases at postmortem examination. These lengths varied from 30 to 46 em. The calculated average caval distance was 37 cm with a standard deviation of ± 4 cm. Among three corporal indexes of weight, height, and body surface area, the most significant statistical correlation was between vena cava length and patient height. The regression equation for this is as follows: Y = -13. 0 + 0. 31 × X, where Y is predicted length of the vena cava (cm), and X is patient height (cm). This finding should serve as a relatively simple means for calculating the length of the entire vena cava, and it should be useful in clinical practice with the IVOX in Japan. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060606
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    The normal vermiform appendix at computed tomography: Visualization and anatomical location (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: appendix ; computed tomography ; distribution ; visualization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We prospectively studied the normal vermiform appendix in 100 patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis in order to assess its rate of visualization, isolate factors affecting its successful identification, and determine its most frequent position. Our standard CT protocols were followed, as dictated by the patient's clinical circumstances; this usually meant employing a 10 mm slice-thickness at 15 or 20 mm intervals. The appendix was confidently identified in 27 of the 79 patients who had not undergone previous appendectomy. It was most commonly seen in a retroileal position. It had a mean maximum outer diameter of 5.7 mm (range 3-10 mm) and was most often seen as a thin-walled, air-filled tube. Its visualization was unaffected by the position of the cecal pole in a cranio-caudal direction, the amount of intraabdominal fat, the type of radiographic contrast media administered, or the patient's sex. Computed tomography thus appears to be a useful, if limited, radiological method of examining the normal appendix. Our study suggests that, in vivo, the uninflamed appendix may not be most commonly situated in a retrocecal position, as reported in surgical and postmortem studies. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060103
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    Abstracts (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060110
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    Computerized modelling of nasal capsular morphogenesis in prenatal primates (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: primate ; chondrocranium ; computerized modeling ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Descriptive and comparative analysis of primate chondrocranial anatomy relies on three-dimensional reconstructions of embryonic and fetal tissues. Typically, reconstructions are accomplished using manual techniques that are time-consuming and laborious. Recent advances in computer technology permit computerized reconstruction, but most available systems do not interpolate surfaces so models consist of solid polygons without intervening surfaces. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new computerized surface-modelling routine for the rapid and reliable reconstruction of nasal capsular anatomy in prenatal primates as well as to apply this system for the comparative analysis of nasal morphogenesis. Models of the nasal capsule and anterior cranial base are generated for a developmental series of prenatal specimens including Microcebus murinus, Macaca mulatta, and Homo sapiens. Results show that the computerized system reconstructs complex morphologies rapidly and automatically. The computerized models display higher anatomical resolution than that available from reconstructions generated through manual methods or algorithms used in commercially available systems and they can be viewed on a personal computer. Comparative anatomical analysis reveals that the nasal floor is highly specialized in Microcebus which displays a zona annularis. However, complexity in this region is reduced in Macaca and Homo which probably corresponds to a morphological reduction, but not elimination, of the vomeronasal organ and associated structures. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060107
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    Atlas of chest imaging by Marvin Wagner and Thomas L. Lawson. New York: Raven Press, 1992 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 64-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060113
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  • 147
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    Comparison bilaterally of lingual and facial arterial rami in the mandibulo-perimandibular complex: Arterioradiographic models for surgical consideration (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 71-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: mandibular complex ; lingual-facial rami bilaterally ; radioarteriography ; mandibulo-perimandibular surgery ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anatomic illustrations and arterioradiograms of the facial, submental, lingual and sublingual arteries, and their primary branches in the mandibulo-perimandibular complex are routinely demonstrated unilaterally; illustration and comparison bilaterally have not been documented. The unilateral illustration mode erroneously implies arterioanatomic similarity contralaterally. Mandibulo-perimandibular arteries in 50 stillborn human fetuses and 50 human adult cadavera were assessed. Head and neck arteries of fetal subjects were perfused with a radiopaque perfusant via the ascending thoracic aorta. Then the entire mandibular complex and tongue of each fetus was excised en bloc and radiographed from above the tongue. The radiograms showed 1) that sublingual and submental arteries and their primary rami differ in size, number, arrangement, and distribution unilaterally, as well as bilaterally and 2) that the entire mandibular body complex (including periosteum, cortex, spongiosa, and dentoparadontal structures) receives substantial sources of supply via the facial, submental, and sublingual arteries (extrinsic sources). The facial and lingual arteries and their ramifications in the adult mandibular complex were demonstrated by gross dissection. Comparison between fetal and adult mandibular arterial anatomies showed remarkable similarity. Furthermore, the results of this arterio-anatomic assessment and the results of concurrent, independent, experimental bone surgical studies (Hadidi, Doctoral dissertation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 1985) favor a growing opinion that rami from the facial, submental, and sublingual arteries (extrinsic sources) to the mandibular body are more essential to its need than is commonly believed. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060202
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  • 148
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    Lymphatico-venous anastomosis after obstruction of abdominal lymphatics and lymphatic drainage of the prostate in canines (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: lymphatico-venous anastomosis ; vertebral venous system ; prostate ; lymphatic drainage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The communication between abdominal lymphatics and the vertebral venous system in canines was observed under conditions of lymphatic obstruction. After obstructing lymphatics of the lumbar trunks, lipiodol was injected into the pedal lymphatics and visualized to enter the inferior vena cava 10 days later, and the vertebral venous system 12 days later by fluoroscopy. Radiographs of the transverse sectioned vertebrae showed that the contrast medium flowed from the para-aortic lymph nodes into the vertebral venous system and entered the vessels around the vertebrae and in the spinal canal, and the vertebral body at the ventral surface of lumbar vertebra. Histologically, the contrast medium was identified in the Haversian canal and peripheral region of the bone marrow. These results suggest that prostate cancer may metastasize the vertebral bone through the lymphatico-venous anastomosis and vertebral venous system. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060204
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  • 149
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    Two cases of non-rotation in adults: Its anatomical analysis (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: non-rotations ; adult ; anatomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two adult cases of non-rotation were anatomically analysed. The small intestine occupied the right flank and the colon the left. The ileum crossed the midline to enter the cecum from the right. The appendix vermiformis rested on the front of the cecum and extended upwards. The cecum was located in the lesser pelvis. They had no Ladd's bands, but in the first case fibrous bands from the posterior abdominal wall caused kinking. The colon of the first case had an intricate twist under the left kidney. The second case was also complicated with three loops, the third loop posed between the first and the second, accompanied by a rare vascular anomaly, a double inferior mesenteric artery. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060207
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  • 150
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    Notices (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 126-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060212
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  • 151
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    Clinical neuroanatomy for medical students 3e, by R. S. Snell. Distributed in Europe by Churchill Livingstone. 653 pages. Price: £24.95 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 121-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060209
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  • 152
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    Position of the fabella relative to the path of the common peroneal nerve across the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: fabella ; common peroneal nerve ; gastrocnemius ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fabella is an inconstant sesamoid bone located in the origin of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The presence of a fabella has been associated with a number of pathologies including compression injury of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) as it crosses the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. This study was designed to determine the incidence of fabellae and the geometric relationship of the fabella to the CPN using anatomical dissection. In the 78 specimens examined, the incidence of fabellae was 27%, a figure near the high end of the previously reported range. To our knowledge, the geometric relationship of the fabella to the CPN has not previously been reported. Using measurements taken during dissection of fabellae, the zone of potential locations of the fabella overlapped 26.0% of the length of the CPN across the lateral head of the gastroenemius. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060306
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  • 153
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    History of anatomy in the university of Cambridge, U.K. (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 188-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060311
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  • 154
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    Quantitative morphology of the normal human tricuspid valve: Autopsy study of 24 cases (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: chordae tendineae ; chordal density ; gender differences ; valvular prolapse ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: To describe thoroughly and quantitatively the morphologic features of the human tricuspid valve, to define and classify classify certain prominent normal variations, and to offer a clear and concise terminology for describing its morphology. Background. In recent years there has been growing interest in the tricuspid valve. Noninvasive imaging is now commonplace and remarkably detailed. Surgical interventions involving the tricuspid valve have become increasingly common. These factors underscore the need variations. Methods. Quantitative and anatomic features of the tricuspid valve were studied in 24 normal hearts at autopsy from subject evenly distributed by age and sex. Leaflet length, surface area, chordal number, and leaflet morphology were recorded. Results. Valves demonstrated some degree of leaflet subdivision in 92% of cases. Mean tricuspid valve length was 11.3 ± 0.1 cm and the surface area was 21.0 ± 1.1 cm2. Mean lengths and surface areas were similar for the anterior, posterior, and septal leaflets (38-42 mm and 5.9-7.8 cm2, respectively). However, for a given valve, the longest leaflet could be twice the length and three times the area of the smallest. Calculated valvular diameter was 2.13 ± 0.03 cm/m2. The tricuspid valve was served by and average of 170 ± 36 chordae tendineae, 49% inserted on the free edge of the valve, 44% on the undersurface, and 7% on the basal regions. Chordal density (number of chordae/cm2) was greater in women than men (9.9 ± 0.5 vs. 7.3 ± 0.7 chordae/cm2, P 〈 0.02). The septal leaflet had the greatest chordal density and the anterior leaflet the lowest (12.7 ± 0.9 vs. 5.9 ± chordae/cm2). Conclusions. The concept of chordal density for the tricuspid valve has not been previously described and may be clinically relevant in the pathogensis of valvular prolapse. Modifications of existing tricuspid valve nomenclature are suggested. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060402
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  • 155
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    Common variations in muscles and tendons of the human hand (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 226-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: first palmar interosseous ; lumbricals ; abductor pollicis longus ; accessory extensors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Common variations in muscles and tendons of the hand were determined by dissecting 40 pairs of hands (20 male, 20 female). Contrary to some anatomy textbooks which describe only three palmar interossei, with the thumb lacking one, this study found four palmar interossei present in 85% of hands and 90% of bodies. This first palmar interosseous typically arose from the base of the first metacarpal and inserted along with the tendon of the oblique head of adductor pollicis into the base of the proximal phalanx. Forty hands (50%) did not have the usual arrangement of lumbricals. Twenty-seven (34%) third lumbricals and four (5%) fourth lumbricals split at their insertions; four third lumbricals and four fourth lumbricals inserted on the ulnar side of the middle and ring fingers, respectively. The abductor pollicis longus inserted by 2 or 3 tendons in 91% of hands. The tendon of extensor digiti minimi split into 2 or 3 slips in practically all of the hands studied (96%). The tendon of extensor indicis split into 2 slips in more than a third (38%) of hands. In almost a third (30%) of hands there were accessory extensor muscles present deep to the tendons of extensor digitorum. Lastly, extra slips of origin of the abductor digiti minimi were present in 10% of hands. This study confirms the presence of a palmar interosseous muscle for the thumb and demonstrates that some variations occur more frequently than was expected. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060406
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  • 156
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    The uniform anatomical gift act: What every clinical anatomist should know (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Donation of body/organs/tissues - law and legislation ; history ; social aspects ; ethics ; Organ transplantation - law and legislation ; Willedbody programs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although many are aware of the existence of a document called the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA), few are aware that there are actually two such Acts (1968 and 1987), and even fewer have read the Acts themselves. Consequently, there are many different and frequently false impressions about their purpose and content. This paper is an attempt to acquaint readers with the two UAGAs. The historical background leading to the unprecedented rapid, uniform and unanimous adoption of the 1968 Act is presented. The content, rationale, and significance of that Act are outlined. The perceived shortcomings of the first Act resulting in the much less successful and less widely-adopted 1987 Act is explained and the major changes incorporated in the second Act are outlined. Specific features of the Acts of concern to anatomists involved in willed-body programs, and clinicians who may become involved in body/body part donation or utilization are addressed. Finally, the relationship of the UAGA to other lines of regulation and the need to be aware of them is indicated. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060409
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  • 157
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    Notices (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 264-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060415
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  • 158
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    Masthead (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060501
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  • 159
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    Comparison of four methods for measuring femoral anteversion (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 280-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: femur ; anteversion ; ultrasound ; bones ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study evaluates the most valid and reproducible method for directly measuring anteversion (torsion) in dried femora using a commercially available measuring machine. Each femur was placed horizontally on the surface of the machine and readings were obtained from the head, the shaft distal to the lesser trochanter, and the distal end. Using computer software, four different anteversion angles were calculated: the center head-neck line to the retrocondylar line (Method 1); the center head-neck line to the transcondylar line (Method 2); the anterior head-trochanter line to the retrocondylar line (Method 3); and the anterior head-trochanter line to the transcondylar line (Method 4). The methods were applied to 20 femora, which were measured twice by one observer. The most reproducible method of measuring femoral anteversion uses the bone surfaces on the anterior aspect of the head and greater trochanter and on the posterior aspect of the condyles (Method 3.95% confidence limits of ± 0.4°). The other methods are shown to be reproducible to ±2.4°, ±3.3° and ±1.7° (Methods 1, 2, and 4, respectively, 95% confidence limits). Conversion factors between the different methods are: 12.5° + 0.8 x (anteversion angle) to change each of Method 2 to Method 1 and Method 4 to Method 3; and 8° + 0.7 x (anteversion angle) to change each of Method 1 to Method 3 and Method 2 to Method 4 (correct to within ±3°). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060504
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  • 160
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    Assessment of the accuracy of local steroid injection into the lateral extensor compartment of the wrist (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 308-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: De Quervain's tenosynovitis ; local steroid injection ; wrist ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: De Quervain's tenosynovitis can be treated either by conservative or operative measures. Harvey et al. (1990) have shown that treatment by local injection of corticosteroid into the lateral extensor compartment can effect cure in 80% of cases without surgical intervention. However, the lateral extensor compartment may be anatomically divided by septa into subcompartments, and this prevents the distribution of steroid throughout the compartment, and hence may lead to failure of conservative treatment. This study was undertaken to develop an injection technique that will ensure that, even if septa are present, both subcompartments are penetrated by the needle and receive steroid. The technique is shown to enhance the accuracy of injection and hence should further increase the proportion of patients treated conservatively with success. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060508
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  • 161
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    Axillary-femoral bypass graft: A problem-based learning model in applied gross anatomy (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: extra-anatomic bypass ; femoral-femoral bypass ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Extra-anatomic arterial bypass grafts provide an exciting opportunity to teach gross anatomy. We describe a study of axillobifemoral bypass grafts and how a simulation of this procedure can be used in a modified problem-based learning exercise for first-year medical students. The axillobifemoral bypass exercise adds a new clinical perspective to the traditional approach to review the gross anatomy of the axillary region, the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall, and the anterior thigh and femoral triangle. This clinically relevant problem challenges students to devise a surgical approach to the axillary and femoral arteries. Students become active participants because they must discover the anatomical details of the axilla, femoral triangle, and thoracoabdominal wall, from shoulder to groin. Important nerves and blood vessels have to be identified in relation to anatomical landmarks. In addition, students must decide which structures can be cut and/or ligated, keeping in mind the functional consequences of these actions. Finally, the exercise provides an opportunity to integrate functional concepts of collateral circulation, hemodynamics, and relevant biomechanics with anatomical structures. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060509
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  • 162
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    Ameican association of clinical anatomists criteria for membership (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 322-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060513
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  • 163
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    Grooves in the superior surface of the liver (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: cadaverie livers ; grooves ; right lobe ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A group of cadaveric livers bearing anteroposterior grooves or furrows in the superior surface of the right lobe is described. Such grooves have been noted by others in living patients. The existence of these grooves has been recognized since at least 1888, but there seems to be no agreement as to their cause. It appears from this study that different types of groove or indentation occur, according to their orientation relative to the median plane of the body. Two major groups of theories of causation are recognized, but no firm conclusions are drawn. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060603
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  • 164
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    Functional anteversion of the femur in healthy children and its measurement (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 342-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: hip ; knee ; femoral anteversion ; tibial torsion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this paper, we introduce the concept of functional anteversion of the femur and its positional change. It emerged from studies using B-mode and real-time ultrasound to determine femoral anteversion in two knee positions. Twenty healthy children were scanned at the hips whilst lying supine with knees extended and then with the knees flexed to about 90°. The “anteversion” angle between the head-trochanter line and the horizontal measured with knees extended and feet together is determined by three factors: 1) anatomical femoral anteversion, 2) femoro-tibial rotation at the knee, and 3) tibial torsion. This is one type of “functional anteversion” of the femur.The best reproducibility for functional femoral anteversion was obtained by scanning with real-time ultrasound and the knees extended (95% confidence limits within ± 2.8°); the use of B-mode ultrasound in the knees-extended position is significantly less reproducible (95% confidence limits within ± 6.1°). In the flexed-knee position, the reproducibility is similar with both B-mode and real-time ultrasound (± 2.6-3.5°). Both positions have limitations in attempts to measure anatomical femoral anteversion by ultrasound.The functional femoral anteversion angle measured by B-mode and real-time ultrasound is significantly larger (by 9-10°) with the knees flexed than with the knees extended. This positional change of measured femoral anteversion involving axial rotation at the hip is attributed mainly to 1) lateral rotation (unlocking) of the femur at the knee during flexion from the fully extended position and 2) any lateral tibial torsion which rotates the femur nedially in the knees-extended position with the feet vertical. The considerable individual variation and asymmetry of this axial rotational change may have relevance to the etiology of certain clinical disorders of the spine, hip, and knee joints. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060605
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  • 165
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    Abstracts (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 370-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060610
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  • 166
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    Anatomy, the writing of a textbook (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 366-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: human anatomy ; anatomical textbooks ; anatomical illustration ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The history of the production of a textbook of human anatomy is recounted. The objective was to compose a volume that would (1) be regional rather than systemic in organization, (2) be a concise guide for both medical and dental students, and stress points of clinical importance, (3) be clearly illustrated but not be a substitute for an atlas, (4) include excellent radiographs and examples of other methods of imaging, (5) use the (then new) internationally accepted nomenclature, but provide a glossary of eponymous terms, and (6) treat the subject as a university discipline with its own history and encompassing an appropriate literature, including both strictly anatomical and clinically applied references. It should be remembered that at that time, more than 30 years ago, these notions were not nearly as frequently encountered in practice as they might be today, although even now it would be difficult to find a textbook in which all of the above features are combined. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060609
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  • 167
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    British association of clinical anatomists membership application form (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 378-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060612
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  • 168
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    Clinical anatomy for medical students, 4th edition. By Richard S. Snell. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1992. £24.95 [Distributed in Europe by Churchill, Livingstone, Edinburgh] (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 193-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060313
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    Notices (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 201-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060316
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  • 170
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    A Course of study in the anatomical sciences for a problem-based curriculum (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 240-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: medical education ; problem-based learning (PBL) ; self-directed learning behaviors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Different models of medical education in the basic sciences have arisen in the last decade, some in response to issues raised in the 1984 GPEP Report. Each model attempts to redress problems of identifying core content in any particular discipline, within which the knowledge base is continually expanding, and of providing optimal educational experience outside of the traditional lecture/laboratory format. These objectives must also be achieved within a collapsing allocation of time for instruction as it has been commonly understood. In this paper, we discuss instructional method, developed to meet these demands, which are currently used in the Anatomical Sciences Program of the Alternative Curriculum, Rush Medical College's problem-based curriculum. Although circumstances determining curricular constraints vary among medical colleges, we offer our positive experience with this particular format as a potential guide to curricular reform in the anatomical sciences. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060408
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  • 171
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    Masthead (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060401
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  • 172
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    Variability of the arterial system of the human pancreas (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: dorsal pancreatic artery ; vascular pancreatic segments ; transplantation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The basic feature related to survival and the ultimate functioning of a transplanted segment or whole pancreas is the preservation and continuation of an adequate blood flow. The current study examined the anatomical variability of the arterial vascularization in 126 pancreases following their removal form cadavers by the technique routinely used for transplantation. Arteriography was conducted initially by the injection of either 75% uropolin or barium sulfate in 70 specimens following removal of the specimen. All 126 specimens were injected with latex, and corrosion casts were prepared through maceration with either sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. The dorsal pancreatic artery showed the greatest variability with respect to the mode of origin and division into branches. Also 42.1% of the cases were found to have poor anastomoses between the body and tail segments. These observations suggest that it is necessary to carefully assess the origins of the vascular supply of the donor organ 1) as resection at the celiac rather than the splenic artery can increase preservation of the dorsal pancreatic artery; 2) whole organ transplantation may be indicated to ensure adequate vascularization; and 3) the presence of a separate arterial supply to the caudal segment in 42.1 % of the cases allows the consideration of its use as an independent transplant from a live donor. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060403
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  • 173
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    Multiple accessory spleens: Case report and literature review (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 232-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: abnormalities ; embryology ; topography ; spleniculi ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Accessory spleens may be overlooked during splenectomy. Consequently, a second splenectomy may be necessary. This report concerns the occurrence of multiple accessory spleens discovered during routine dissection of a male cadaver. Their size ranged from 0.5 to 6 cm, and they were located in the hilus and ligaments of a spleen with a normal appearance. Their splenic structure was confirmed histologically. The embryological basis of accessory spleens is re-examined, and the frequency of their occurrence and their clinical significance are reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to alert the practicing surgeon again to the existence and significance of accessory spleens. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060407
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  • 174
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    Dissection and the risk of HIV infection (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 255-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060410
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  • 175
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    Abstracts Presented at the Annual General Meeting of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists, December 18, 1992, Royal London Hospital Medical College, London, U.K. (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060412
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  • 176
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    An imaging atlas of human anatomy, by Jamie Wier and Peter H. Abrahams. 199 pp. London: Wolfe Publishing Ltd., 1992. $30.00 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 261-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060413
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  • 177
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    Operative approach to the calcaneus: A comparison of classical and modified techniques with regard to arterial vascularization (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: calcaneal fractures ; soft tissue necrosis ; heel ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Skin and soft tissue necrosis of the heel are the main problems following operative treatment of calcaneal fractures with the classical medial (McReynolds, 1982), lateral (Palmer, 1948), enlarged lateral, and the bilateral approaches. In order to show how classical approaches harm the vessels supplying the adjacent soft tissues, we studied the vascularization to both the calcaneus and its surrounding soft tissues. Our findings show that the calcaneus is well supplied by a collateral circulation derived from the posterior tibial, peroneal, lateral tarsal, the medial and lateral plantar arteries. The soft tissue supply is less rich. On the medial side, the soft tissue supply comes from the posterior tibial and lateral plantar arteries. On the lateral side, it is supplied by a thin anastomotic arch that runs between the lateral tarsal and peroneal arteries. Based on our anatomical findings we have proposed two modified approaches which minimize damage to the vessels of the adjacent soft tissues and still allow exact reposition of the fractures. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060503
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  • 178
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    Lateral costal branch of the internal thoracic artery (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: lateral costal branch ; internal thoracic artery ; myocardial revascularization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The lateral costal branch (LCB) of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) was studied because its presence sometimes may reduce the blood flow of the ITA when it is used for myocardial revascularization (Singh and Sosa, 1981). The ITA of 90 cadavers of adults of both sexes, whose ages ranged from 20 to 84 years, was studied after neoprene latex injection to determine its incidence, its relation to the phrenic nerve and first rib, its diameter, and the distance between the origin of the ITA and the origin of the LCB. We found the LCB in 16.6% of the cases, with bilateral presence in 5.5%. Unilateral rightside incidence was 11.1%, and left unilateral incidence was not observed. The LCB originated from the ITA in all cases, with a distance of origin along the ITA of 23.7 + 6.7 mm on the right side and 29.5 ± 6.4 mm on the left side. The mean diameter of the LCB was 1.7% ± 0.8 mm. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060506
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  • 179
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    “The extremities, muscles, and motor points”, by John H. Warfel. Sixth edition, 140 pp. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1993, $21.50 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 318-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060510
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  • 180
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    In Memoriam Arthur W. Ham (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 320-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060512
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  • 181
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    Masthead (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060601
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  • 182
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    British Association of Clinical Anatomists Membership Application Form (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 124-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060211
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  • 183
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    Masthead (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060301
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  • 184
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    Segment length and root orientation in normal and sacrally attached spinal cords: A morphometric study (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: spinal nerve root angulation ; spinal cord segment length ; normal cord ; sacral cord ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study compares human spinal cord segment length and spinal nerve root orientation in normal and sacrally attached cords. The proportion of the total length of the mature normal spinal cord made up by individual segments varies little between C1 and T1. Between T2 and T6 it increases gradually to a maximum and decreases steadily from T7 to the caudal termination of the cord. The C1 and C2 roots run superolaterally from the cord to their intervertebral foramina. C3 runs almost horizontally. From C4 to T2 roots run progressively more caudally. At T3 and lower levels each root runs caudally in contact with the lateral cord margin before turning laterally to its intervertebral foramen. The pattern of variation in segment length of a sacrally attached cord resembles that in normal cords between upper cervical and lower thoracic levels. In the sacrally attached cord, segment length remains relatively unchanged between mid-thoracic and mid-lumbar levels and decreases rapidly caudal to L3. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060307
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  • 185
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    Letter to the editor (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 192-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060312
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  • 186
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    Two years' experience of assessment of anatomy teachers and courses by preclinical and clinical students (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 6 (1993), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: medical ; education ; basic science ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Students at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland completed a questionnaire at the end of the anatomy course assessing teachers and teaching in the department of anatomy. Individual teachers were rated on a five-point scale for their performance as lecturers, demonstrators, and examiners. Anatomy teaching was considered in its various subdivisions: regional anatomy, the dissection room course (gross laboratory), radiological anatomy, embryology, neuroanatomy, and histology, and each was scored on a similar five-point scale for relevance and interest. Constructive criticism of both staff (faculty) and course was invited. The results of this survey have been used to counsel staff to good effect, and to improve course structure and content. Resultant changes were made in the teaching of histology, neuroanatomy, and embryology, and the restructuring of surface anatomy tutorials. Numerical scores for teachers provide indices of teaching abilities for comparative purposes and for professional advancement. A similar questionnaire given to clinical students 1 year after completion of the anatomy course is shown to have been of little value. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980060309
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  • 187
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    Molecular cloning of a novel mRNA sequence expressed in cleavage stage mouse embryos (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: cDNA library ; Differential hybridization ; Gene expression ; Mitochondria ; Preimplantation ; Repetitive sequence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In an approach to study genes transcribed during early mouse development, a cDNA library was constructed from poly(A) RNA isolated from the 8-cell morula. The cDNA library was differentially screened with labelled cDNA probes synthesized on poly(A) RNA isolated from the 8-cell morula or unfertilized eggs. Six clones which increased in abundance in the 8-cell morula were selected and further analyzed. Sequencing analyses showed that some of these clones corresponded to RNA transcripts from B1 and B2 repetitive sequences, as well as mRNA for cytochrome C oxidase I and NADH dehydrogenase III derived from the mitochondrial genome. One clone was not identical to any known sequences. The unidentified sequence (M025) was found at low levels in the unfertilized egg, but increased at the 2-cell stage. The predicted amino acid sequence revealed that the M025 gene may encode a Ca2+ binding protein. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340102
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  • 188
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    A major mRNA of the human epididymal principal cells, HE5, encodes the leucocyte differentiation CDw52 antigen peptide backbone (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 8-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: cDNA cloning of HE5 ; HE5 mRNA localization ; In situ transcript hybridization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: HE5, a very abundant human epididymal gene product, was cloned by a differential screening procedure which employed testis as the primary negative control tissue. Sequencing of the HE5 cDNA showed it to be identical to that encoding the peptide backbone of the human leucocyte differentiation antigen CDw52. Since human genomic DNA contained only one cross-hybridizing fragment, this implies that both products were transcribed from the same gene. Northern blot analysis and in situ transcript hybridization revealed a highly tissue- and cell-type-specific expression pattern for HE5, showing the gene product to originate from epithelial cells of the epididymal and deferent duct. The possible identity of the HE5 product with the CDw52 antigen suggests a link between the immune and reproductive systems. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340103
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  • 189
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    Evidence of new antigens in the mouse cumulus oophorus during preovulatory cumulus expansion (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Mouse anti-cumulus antibody ; Immuno-contraception ; In vitro fertilization ; Cumulus expansion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of an antiserum (anti-COC) against ovulated mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) on in vitro fertilization of mouse oocytes were studied. Preincubation of ovulated COC with various concentrations of anti-COC led to dose-dependent impairment of fertilization rates as well as to a decrease in the number of spermatozoa attached to the zona pellucida. Anti-COC was used to probe Western blots of cumulus proteins. These cumuli were obtained from 2 experimental groups of mice corresponding to 2 different maturational stages (preovulatory immature COC or preovulatory mature COC). Two antigens (70 and 80 kDa) present in cumulus intercellular matrix from mature COC were only found as traces in matrix from immature COC. In addition, the protein pattern of the cumulus intercellular matrix was different from that of cumulus cells, whatever the COC maturational stage. These results indicate the appearance of new proteins in the cumulus oophorus during preovulatory expansion and are consistent with the contraceptive action of anti-COC. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340113
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  • 190
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    In vitro maturation of oocytes from a marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Macropus eugenii ; Maturation ; Oocytes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study examined the competence of oocytes from the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugeniio mature in vitro. Oocytes were collected from follicles 〉1 mm diameter 24 h after pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) treatment and incubated in Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, at 35°C in 5% CO2 in air for 24, 36, or 48 h. Oocytes were incubated either granulosa cell-intact or granulosa cell-free or in the presence of 10 IU ml-1 PMSG or 10 μg ml-1 porcine luteinizing hormone (LH) + 10 μg ml-1 porcine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The ability of oocytes recovered from small (〈1.5-mm-diameter) and large (≥1.5-mm-diameter) follicles to mature in vitro was also examined. The nuclear status of oocytes was assessed using the DNA-specific dye Hoechst 33342. Initially, all oocytes examined contained a germinal vesicle. After 24 h of culture, 60% of oocytes had progressed to metaphase I or anaphase I. After 36 h, approximately 20% of oocytes possessed metaphase II chromosomes, and 20% of oocytes were at metaphase I or anaphase I. At the completion of the 48 h culture period, 40% of oocytes had completed maturation to the metaphase II stage. In vitro oocyte maturation after 48 h was not affected by the presence of granulosa cells, PMSG, or LH and FSH. More oocytes from large follicles (55%) completed maturation by 48 h than from small follicles (20%). Approximately 50% of oocytes remained at the GV stage at all times under all conditions. Marsupial oocytes thus undergo spontaneous nuclear maturation once removed from the follicular environment, suggesting a basically similar control system to that in placental mammals. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340314
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  • 191
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    Process of nuclear envelope reduction in spermiogenesis of a mosquito, Culex tigripes (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 416-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Spermatid ; Ultrastructure ; Diptera ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When the Culex tigripes spermatid begins to elongate, the nucleus exhibits on its surface invaginations of the nuclear envelope. These invaginations have a uniform diameter of 0.3 μm. They separate from the envelope of the nucleus and form spherical intranuclear vesicles. In the old spermatids these vesicles are imprisoned in the condensed chromatin. The spermatozoon also possesses these vesicles which are then ovoid in shape. This process of vesiculation permits the diminution of the surface of the nucleus when it decreases in volume during spermiogenesis. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340410
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  • 192
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    Noninvasive chemical enucleation of mouse oocytes (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Mouse oocytes ; Enucleation ; Nuclear transplantation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A noninvasive method of enucleating mouse oocytes has been developed and evaluated. Strong chromosome to chromosome binding was induced by culturing early metaphase I oocytes in etoposide supplemented medium. Subsequent expulsion of the entire chromosome complex during polar body extrusion was facilitated by exposing the etoposide treated oocytes to a combination of cycloheximide and etoposide during anaphase and telophase. This simple two-step chemical enucleation procedure yields fully enucleated mouse oocytes in 96% of cases. Chemically enucleated oocytes do not contain maturation promoting factor (MPF) at the end of etoposide-cycloheximide enucleation. MPF levels are, however, restored during subsequent incubation in drug-free medium and, after 15 h of post-enucleation culture, the cytoplasts regain their full capacity for parthenogenetic activation and nuclear remodelling. We believe that this novel enucleation technique will greatly facilitate the research in nuclear transplantation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340412
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    Control of in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus-oocyte complex by preovulatory granulosa cells (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 431-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Bovine ovary ; Preovulatory follicle ; Intrafollicular regulations ; Cumulus cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The present study was designed to investigate (1) the influence of the secretions of follicular cells on the in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and (2) the origin of the factors controlling the metabolic function of cumulus cells during the preovulatory period. Preovulatory granulosa cells were collected from synchronized heifers either before or 7-9 hr after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, and their secretions were recovered after a 3 hr incubation. Follicular fluids (FFs) originating from the same follicles and sera from the same animals were also collected. The effects of FFs, sera, and secretions of granulosa cells on COC metabolism were compared during 24 hr of culture. FF stimulated cumulus expansion, progesterone secretion, and overall protein synthesis by COCs but decreased the amount of a major protein of 28 kDa. The time at which FF was collected influenced both cumulus expansion and protein synthesis by COCs. The effects of FF on COC metabolism were detected at the lowest protein concentration studied (0.073 mg/ml) and could be mimicked with serum, but only at a protein concentration 100-fold higher. The inhibitory effect of FF and serum on the amount of the 28 kDa protein was reproduced with the secretions of granulosa cells, acting at protein concentrations five- and 500-fold lower, respectively. However, the secretions of granulosa cells enhanced slightly cumulus expansion and had no effect on progesterone secretion and overall protein synthesis by COCs. These results suggest that COC metabolism is influenced both by endocrine and by local factors secreted by granulosa cells in response to gonadotropins. The paracrine control of COC metabolism by preovulatory granulosa cells could be exerted not only via intercellular contacts but also via substances secreted in FF. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340413
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    Role of glutathione in the maturation and fertilization of pig oocytes in vitro (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 35 (1993), S. 76-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Male pronucleus formation ; Buthionine sulfoximine ; Glutathione ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The present study examined, by treatment of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which is a specific inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, the role of GSH in the maturation and fertilization of pig oocytes in vitro. Follicular oocytes collected from prepubertal gilts at a local slaughterhouse were cultured for 36 h in Waymouth MB 752/1 with or without BSO (1 mM), fertilized in vitro, and assessed for GSH concentration (before insemination), maturation, and fertilization. The addition of BSO to maturation medium immediately after culture (Group I), 12 h after culture (Group II), or 24 h after culture (Group III) significantly decreased the GSH concentration in pig oocytes compared with the control (P 〈 0.01), whereas the rate of cumulus mass expansion at 36 h of culture and the rates of nuclear maturation and sperm penetration following in vitro insemination did not differ. However, the rate of pig oocytes having condensed sperm heads was significantly lower and the rate of male pronucleus formation of pig oocytes was significantly higher in oocytes matured in the control and Group III than in oocytes matured in Groups I and II (P 〈 0.01). In experiment 2, when BSO was added to maturation media 15, 18, 21, or 24 h after culture, the rate of pig oocytes having condensed sperm heads was significantly lower and the rate of male pronucleus formation of pig oocytes was significantly higher in oocytes matured in the medium supplemented with BSO at 21 or 24 h of culture than in oocytes matured in other groups (P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01). The results indicate that GSH synthesis occurs throughout in vitro maturation of pig oocytes and GSH is an important cytoplasmic factor for regulating sperm nuclear decondensation and male pronucleus formation following sperm penetration in pig oocytes. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080350113
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    Purine control of mouse oocyte maturation: Evidence that nonmetabolized hypoxanthine maintains meiotic arrest (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 35 (1993), S. 82-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Meiotic maturation ; Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase ; MPTF ; 6-MP ; De novo purine synthesis ; Xanthine oxidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Hypoxanthine is present in preparations of follicular fluid and has been shown to suppress the spontaneous meiotic maturation of mammalian oocytes in vitro. The present experiments examined the possible role of hypoxanthine metabolism in mediating this meiotic arrest. Four putative inhibitors of the enzyme, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), which metabolizes hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate, were tested on lysates of oocyte-cumulus cell complexes. At a concentration of 1 mM, 6-mercapto-9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-purine (MPTF) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) suppressed enzymatic activity by 86% and 98%, respectively, while 6-azauridine and 2,6-bis-(hydroxyamino)-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-purine had no effect. MPTF and 6-MP increased the inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine on germinal vesicle breakdown, but the other agents did not. The 2 active agents had similar effects on salvage activity and hypoxanthine-maintained meiotic arrest in denuded oocytes. Also, oocytes from XO mice were more sensitive to the meiosis-arresting action of hypoxanthine than oocytes from XX littermates, which have twice the HPRT activity. The actions of the HPRT inhibitors were not due to their conversion to nucleotides via HPRT and negative feedback on purine de novo synthesis, because azaserine and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside, which are more potent inhibitors of de novo synthesis, had a stimulatory, rather than inhibitory, effect on hypoxanthine-arrested oocytes. Furthermore, several lines of evidence indicate that metabolism of hypoxanthine to xanthine and uric acid by xanthine oxidase does not mediate the inhibitory action of this purine base on meiotic maturation. The data therefore suggest that nonmetabolized hypoxanthine is responsible for the meiotic arrest observed, most likely through suppression of cAMP degradation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080350114
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    Bovine oocyte development following different oocyte maturation and sperm capacitation procedures (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 94-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: In vitro maturation ; In vitro fertilization ; Hormones ; Embryo culture ; Cattle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Various procedures have been reported for successful in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) of bovine follicular oocytes. Direct comparisons of these different recommended procedures have been rare. In this research, involving a total of 5,128 oocytes, a series of experiments were conducted to compare oocyte maturation, fertilization, and development in vitro with 2 maturation systems (with or without added hormones) and 3 types of sperm treatment procedures. Oocytes were collected from ovarian antral follicles (2-7 mm in diameter) within 3 hr after slaughter of cows or heifers. Those with intact or at least 4 layers of cumulus cells were selected for IVM/IVF. Oocytes were incubated for 22 hr in either Medium 199 with 7.5% fetal calf serum (M199 + FCS) alone or M199 + FCS with added hormones (M199 + FCS + H; oFSH 0.5 μg/ml, oLH 5.0 μg/ml, and E2 1.0 μg/ml) at 39°C in 5% CO2 and 95% air. For IVF, frozen-thawed sperm were treated with either 0.1 μM calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187) for 1 min, or 10 or 100 μg/ml heparin (H10 or H100) for 15 min. Our results demonstrated the following: (1) both M199 + FCS and M199 + FCS + H supported maturation development to the metaphase II stage (90-95%, P 〉 0.05); (2) when oocytes were matured in M199 + FCS without added hormones, A23187 sperm treatment was superior to H10 or H100 treatment for fertilization and blastocyst development of the inseminated oocytes (P 〈 0.05); (3) when oocytes were matured in M199 + FCS + H, A23187 treated sperm again produced a higher fertilization rate than the H10 group (P 〈 0.05), but the development to the blastocyst stage was similar among all 3 sperm treatment groups (P 〉 0.05); (4) direct comparison of the 2 maturation systems with A23187 treated sperm resulted in no difference in all criteria measured; however, (5) when compared retrospectively, beneficial effects of added hormones are evident for blastocyst development (but not for fertilization) when sperm were treated with heparin procedures. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340115
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    Comparative spermatology 20 years after, serono symposia vol. 75, edited by B. Baccetti, Raven Press, New York, 1991, 1112 pp, $175 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 114-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340118
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    Molecular cell biology, 2nd edition, by James Darnell, Harvey Lodish, and David Baltimore, Scientific American Books, distributed by W. H. Freeman, New York, 1105 pp, $56.95 (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993), S. 114-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340119
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    Masthead (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 34 (1993) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080340201
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  • 200
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    Lysophosphatidylcholine disrupts the acrosome of tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii) spermatozoa (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 35 (1993), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Acrosome ; Marsupial ; Tammar wallaby ; Lysophosphatidylcholine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The acrosomal status of wallaby spermatozoa was evaluated by light and electron microscopy after incubation in 1-100 μM lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) for up to 120 min. Treatment with 1 and 10 μM LPC for 120 min did not lead to acrosomal loss, or detectable alteration to the acrosome, as detected by Bryan's staining and light microscopy. Incubation with 25 μM LPC had little effect on acrosomal loss, however statistically significant changes (P 〈 0.05) in the acrosomal matrix (altered) were detected after 10-min incubation by light microscopy. Around 50% of acrosomes were altered after 20-min incubation in 50 μM LPC (P 〈 0.001), and 40% of spermatozoa had lost their acrosome after 60-min incubation (P 〈 0.001). Treatment with 75 and 100 μM LPC led to rapid acrosomal loss from around 50% of spermatozoa within 10 min (P 〈 0.001), and by 60 min acrosomal loss was 70-80%. LPC, like the diacylglycerol DiC8 (1,2-di-octanoyl-sn-glycerol), is thus an effective agent to induce loss of the relatively stable wallaby sperm acrosome, and it also induces changes within the acrosomal matrix.Ultrastructure of the LPC-treated spermatozoa revealed that the plasma membrane and the acrosomal membranes were disrupted in a manner similar to that seen after detergent treatment (Triton X-100). There was no evidence of point fusion between the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome and the outer acrosomal membrane. The plasma membrane was the first structure to disappear from the spermatozoa. The acrosomal membranes and matrix showed increasing disruption with time and LPC concentration. Wallaby spermatozoa incubated with LPC at concentrations that induced significant acrosomal loss also underwent a rapid decline in motility that suggested that acrosomal loss may be due to cell damage, rather than a physiological AR. This study concluded that LPC-induced acrosomal loss from tammar wallaby spermatozoa is due to its action as a natural detergent and not as a phosphoinositide pathway intermediate. The study further demonstrates the unusual stability of the marsupial acrosomal membranes. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080350310
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