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  • 1995-1999  (58)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1930-1934
  • 1995  (58)
  • Life Sciences (general)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 123-129 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies of the properties of subtilisin, Novo type, immobilized on porous glass with the aid of hexamethylene diisocyanate were carried out. The immobilized proteinase preparation shows optimum activity at a pH value of 10.7 and at a temperature between 60-65°C. It was stable in a wider range of pH and temperature values than the native subtilisin. The KM values for hemoglobin and BAEE were 9.2 × 10-5 [M] and 139 × 10-5 [M], respectively. Under relatively non-aqueous conditions, immobilised subtilisin was able to synthesize phenylacetic acid ethyl ester.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 131-135 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A number of agricultural residues such as Saccharum munja Roxb. (Sarkanda), Oryza sativa L. (Paddy straw, as the control), Vinna unguiculata (L.) Walp (Cowpeas), Abelmoschus esculentum (L.) Moench (Lady's finger), Zea mays L. (Maize) and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (Guar) were used for the cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer. The biological efficiency of the fruit bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju from the above mentioned substrates were found to be 13.47, 11.20, 8.37, 8.31, 6.87, and 6.08 percent, respectively. S. munja and paddy straw were found to be the best substrates for the growth of P. sajor-caju followed by Z. mays, V. unguiculata, A. esculentum, and C. tetragonoloba.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 136-136 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 139-148 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The non-pollutant plant support material of the dwarf duckweed Wolffia arrhiza (Fam. Lemnaceae) was used for the entrapment of living yeast cells (Kluyveromyces fragilis) which hydrolyse lactose with the subsequent fermentation of glucose and galactose at high cell densities (up to 7.0 × 108/ml support). The stabile yeast-plant cell immobilizates are able to produce ethanol from lactose-containing media (e.g. whey) by batch fermentation (on a rotary shaker) or continuous fermentation (in a turbulence reactor) for several days (at a pH below 4.2 and a temperature of 30°C). The removal of whey proteins by a preceding heat denaturation of whey, high dilution rates, CSo values of 50 to 60 g lactose per litre whey and the preferential use of the K. fragilis strain DSM 7238 were determined as the prerequisites for an optimum continuous fermentation. Economically interesting productivities (Pmax ≥ 15 g ethanol/1 · h, D = 0.72 h-1) with an actual lactose turnover of 90% were obtained by using these parameters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 211-222 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Penicillium notatum No. 1 as a producer of β-galactosidase was cultivated in a 5-1 fermenter. Various methods of protein isolation and concentration from the culture fluid were optimized. Then the conditions of β-galactosidase purification using an affinity chromatographic technique were established. The purified enzyme was immobilized on a controlled porous glass (CPG). The optimum temperature and pH values of the native and immobilized forms of β-galactosidase were determined as 50°C and 30-50°C as well as pH 3 and pH 3-5, respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 232-232 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some effects of the xylanase treatment on the separate birch ORGANOSOLV pulp fibre wall morphological layers were examined. These investigations were focused on the outer layers, i.e. the primary wall (P) and the outer layer of the secondary wall (S1), as well as the central layers, i.e. the central layer of the secondary wall (S2) and the tertiary wall (T). Step by step, the fractionation of the pulp components in the polar solvents N,N-dimethylformamide (DMFA), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and DMSO/H3PO4 was used as a mild technique for the isolation of the lignin-carbohydrate complexes. The different residual amounts of lignin and hemicelluloses in the outer and central pulp fibre wall layers as well as the different lignin-hemicellulose ratios were determined. The size-exclusion chromatographical (SEC) analysis showed a higher initial lignin content in the region of the high molecular mass (MM) fibre wall fraction extracted with “DMSO/H3PO4” than the outer cell wall layers. In the central layers, the amounts of soluble lignin (calculated on the mass of total dissolved substance) were approximately the same for all the three solvents.The xylanase treatment brought the most considerable changes in the high MM part of the residual lignin (the lignin carbohydrate complex). This was true for both the P-S1 and S2-T layers. The careful brightness comparison of the outer and central fractions after the X-E-P-P bleaching sequence showed a surprisingly low bleachability of the outer layer fraction. The xylanase action depended on the composition of the lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) and the extent of the maintenance of the outer layers during the pulping process.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 223-231 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thirty six pancreatic casein peptones from various producers were analyzed by HPLC and by microbiological growth tests. The data were compared by using the principal coordinate analysis and simple mathematical tests. The Proteose peptone quotient, PQ1, determined by the growth of Escherichia coli, separated these casein peptones into three groups, depending on their suitability as nutrients compared to Proteose peptone as a standard. These groups corresponded to the HPLC patterns, characterized by the specific peaks of polypeptides, peptides and amino acids, respectively. The peaks of the high-molecular weight polypeptides were negatively correlated with the growth parameters. The peptides of a low molecular weight promoted the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with and without the exhaustion of usable N compounds and in the presence and absence of glucose (PQ2 and PQ3). The colony sizes correlated weakly with certain peaks only. HPLC patterns, thus, seem to be useful for the characterization of casein peptones for the standardization of nutrient media as well as for special applications.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: α-Glucosidase was detected in four wild-type amylolytic strains belonging to the Bacillus genus. The strains showed α-glucosidase activity in extracellular and membrane-bound fractions. Kinitic studies of the α-glucosidase synthesis in the batch cultures of four strains of the Bacillus genus showed two profiles: partially and totally growth-linked synthesis.The presence of different activities and production profiles of α-glucosidase in the strains at high or low glucose concentrations in the medium would indicate that α-glucosidase may have a role in the regulation of the metabolism of α-polysaccharides.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 241-248 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of growth conditions (incubation time, inoculum size, initial pH value) and some nutrient concentrations on the growth and rifamycin B and SV production by free and immobilized cells of Amycolatopsis mediterranei CBS 42 575 was studied. In alginate beads, the immobilized cells behaved like the free cells, but a pronounced difference was observed in antibiotic production and cell growth. The rifamycin production by the immobilized cells was higher than that obtained by the free cells. The immobilized cells were also reused repeatedly for six batch cultivations with a fresh medium charged into flasks at the beginning of each batch. It was found that the immobilized cells were stable, and the rifamycin yield was almost constant during the first three batches and then decreased.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of cellulase was investigated in semi-solid state culture using the immobilized mycelium of Trichoderma reesei mutants on polyurethane foam impregnated with lactose medium. An extremely high value of about 2.6 FPU/ml was reached after the cultivation of T. reesei D-78085 on a 0.5% lactose medium in continuous culture at a pH medium of 4.0 when a bioreactor with vertical polyurethane foam plates was used. The enzyme yield on lactose was 520 FPU/g of lactose metabolized in comparison with 160 FPU/g using a stirred tank bioreactor.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 297-306 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nitrilase of Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA-34 catalyzes the production of optically active amino acids from aminonitriles. The amino acid sequence of the NH2 terminus of the purified nitrilase was determined for the preparation of a synthetic oligonucleotide as a southern hybridization probe. A 9.5-kbp Pst I-fragement, which hybridized with the oligonucleotide probe, was isolated from R. rhodochrous PA-34 genomic libraries constructed in pUC 19. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the nitrilase gene codes for a putative polypeptide of 380 amino acids which correspond to a relative molecular weight of 41, 723.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 323-335 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cephalosporin C biosynthesis was investigated in a pilot-plant external-loop airlift bioreactor for evaluating the capacity of this bioreactor to surpass the problems which arise from the morphology of the mould and the rheology of the broth.Some of the results were compared with those obtained in a stirred tank bioreactor.The dilution and the use of static mixers was necessary to overcome the effects of the high viscosities. The oxygen transfer rate represented 84% of that in the stirred bioreactor, but the efficiency of the power utilization was higher.The specific productivity of Cephalosporin C is comparable to that obtained in the stirred tank bioreactor, but the average specific power consumption was found to be 2/3 of that in the stirred vessel.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 346-346 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 337-345 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of the precultivation with different carbon sources on the ability of three different bacterial strains (Sphingomonas sp. strain BA2, Gordona sp. strain BP9, Mycobacterium sp. strain VF1) to grow on phenanthrene. anthracene, pyrene or fluoranthene as the sole source of carbon and energy were studied. The strains were found to maintain their ability to grow on two of the four PAH after 30 serial transfers in liquid nutrient broth medium without selective pressure. The ability to grow on these PAH as the sole carbon and energy source was also maintained after curing experiments with acridine orange. The high stability of the PAH-degradation phenotype suggests that the tested strains carry at least parts of the PAH-degradation pathway genes on the chromosome. The PAH-degradation versatility of the strains was also influenced by the carbon source being used for precultivation. Possible reasons for the particularly good impact of the precultivation on hexadecane on the PAH degradation are discussed in this paper.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 355-366 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of two mixing systems on the principal parameters of mycelial fermentations of Aspergillus niger, Fusicoccum amygdali Del. and Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. as well as their metabolite citric acid, fusicoccin and gibberellic acid production was analyzed from the viewpoint of flow energy distribution in a bioreactor.The growth and metabolite synthesis during fermentation was compared under different mixing conditions in the fermenter FU-8 with a turbine mixing system (TMS) and a counterflow mixing system (CMS). It was found that the growth, productivity and respiration characteristics as well as the morphology of these cultures varied dependent on the mixing system and agitation regime used. The counterflow mixing system was more favourable for large agglomerates (F. amygdali) or soft pellets (A. niger) forming fungi, while the turbine mixing system was more effective for F. moniliforme growing in the form of small clumps and freely dispersed hyphae. Flow characteristics under different mixing conditions were analyzed in a model fermenter.The kinetic energy of flow fluctuations was measured in gassed and ungassed water and different fermentation broth systems by using a Stirring Intensity Measuring Device (SIMD-F1). The difference of the energy values at different points was better expressed in the fermenter with a turbine mixing system in comparison with that having a counterflow mixing system. High viscous F. amygdali and A. niger broth provided higher energy values compared to water and low viscous F. moniliforme broth. It was observed that the intensity of growth and the intensity of the synthesis decreased at very high energy values, which was obviously connected to the influence of the irreversible shear stress on the mycelial morphology.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Permeabilized cells of Kluyveromyces marxianus CCY eSY2 were tested as the source of lactase in the ethanol fermentation of concentrated deproteinized whey (65-70 g/l lactose) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCY 10-13-14. Rapid lactose hydrolysis by small amounts of permeabilized cells following the fermentation of released glucose and galactose by S. cerevisiae resulted in a twofold enhancement of the overall volumetric productivity (1.03 g/l × h), compared to the fermentation in which the lactose was directly fermented by K. marxianus.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 149-159 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cell structured support material (CSM) prepared from Wolffia arrhiza fronds were loaded with Saccharomyces cereevisiae by the propagation of yeast cells introduced in the aerenchyma. The loading process could be strongly accelerated by preventing the growth of freely suspended yeasts in the fermenter. The pathway of the inoculation through the stomata could be visualized by transparent light microscopy of amylase and protease treated CSM. Slices of the loaded CSM clearly showed that the framework of the inner chlorenchyma cells remains intact during the propagation of the included yeast cells. Most of the yeast cells were found to be localized as a dense suspension within unbroken cells. During long-term treatment of the loaded CSM at high convection, about one third of the yeasts was released into water with a constant rate greater than 0.34 h-1. The residual amount of yeast cells remained in a stable compartment from which further loss did not occur for the period tested (20-48 h). It is assumed that the stable compartment is identical with the interior of chlorenchyma cells. The results are discussed in relationship to the possible use of the immobilized biomass in fermentation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growing Penicillium raistrickii i 477 cells immobilized by microencapsulation, entrapment in calcium alginate beads and photopolymerization were used for the 15α-hydroxylation of 13-ethyl-gon-4-en-3,17-dione (I) to 15α-hydroxy-13-ethyl-gon-4-en-3,17-dione (II). The immobilized cells had lower maximum specific growth rates and yield coefficients when cultivated on the carbon source glucose than the non-immobilized cells, which leads to lower volumetric productivities than the use of nonimmobilized cells. However, the cells immobilized by microencapsulation and calcium alginate entrapment showed a specific productivity equal to that of the respective non-immobilized cells based on product formation per dry biomass and time. Photommobilized cells were not able to grow in the presence of the steroid because the substrate concentrations within the polymer reached inhibiting amounts for growth and product formation. In the absence of the steroid, the growing photoimmobilized cells showed a prolonged lag-phase in comparison with the free cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 196-198 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
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    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 173-195 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bioprocess engineering at present concentrates on the enormous problems in the environment. What is therefore needed is a sound methodology, which should be based on the interactions between the physiology of biological reaction networks and physical processes in the environment and which should be an analogy to bioreactor performance. The conventional methodology is empirically oriented, using pilot plant data for the experimental estimates of process economics, where all further details are elucidated following the mechanistic approach on the microscopic level based on assumed mechanisms (causalities). According to the new view, the new systems-based methodology uses mathematical models as approximations and includes all the interactions. Pilot plant data are needed for model falsification, using analogies on the formal macroscopic level. Bioreactor scale-up as one application is a more rapid procedure of reasonable accuracy, where both the biokinetics as well as the fluid dynamics are quantified using formal macroscopic analogies.Model consistency and plausibility are the basic criteria when using model computer simulations as a decisive aid, while experiments lose their central role and are on longer the basis for evaluating the scientific work; they are simply the basis of the researcher's intuition. Another typical feature of complex systems is that model parameters are interdependent. The final decisive fact will be the mental experiment (“thinking” with the left and right side of the brain), which can be supported using computer simulations. This evolutionary interplay between the three realities of thinking, experimenting and simulating leads to a holistic progress towards the better understanding of highly complex systems. It offers the solution to the problems, which is needed in future.
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 3-26 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review of the intensification of moment, mass and heat transfer using an “unconventional” method, namely the application of static mixers, also known as “motionless mixers”, is presented in this paper.After the presentation of some structural types of static mixers, studies with particular emphasis on flow behaviour, pressure drop, mixing, mass and, heat transfer in the presence of static mixing devices, used in biotechnology and chemical engineering, were discussed.The suitability of static mixers to enhance the transfer process parameters was also justified by the low energy requirement, while the fluids might have different viscosities and because of this fact they could remove any mistakes made by the equipment.The article is not directed towards a comprehensive review, but it should serve as a landmark in future undertakings.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 27-39 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The development of model plant-microbial associations between Gram negative soil microbes capable of degrading phenoxyacetate herbicides, such as 2,4-D and 2,4-D methyl ester, and the crops canola and wheat was described. Both an Acinetobacter baumannii pJP4 transconjugant and Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134 colonised non-parasitically on the roots of sterilised seedlings in a hydroponic system. Laser scanning confocal microscopy has shown that colonisation occurred both on the root surface and deeper inside the mucilage layer or inside some surface root cells. When 2,4-D was added to the hydroponic medium supporting the growth of those seedlings colonised by 2,4-D degrading bacteria, the gas chromatographic analysis showed a rapid decrease in the concentration of this herbicide. These bacteria colonising the root system were shown to be responsible for the degradation of 2,4-D. Plants inoculated with the 2,4-D degrading microbes were subsequently found to be less susceptible to damage by the herbicide in such hydroponic systems.
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 41-48 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Under the conditions of various aeration and medium mixing intensities (even at a constant medium oxygen partial pressure value), the variations in the RNA synthesis as well as the growth rate of lysine producing Brevibacterium flavum strains are inversely correlated with the ppGpp concentration in the cells.An increase in the ppGpp synthesis and a decrease in the RNA content in the cells was observed in the cases of a low cell energy charge value (lower than 0.6). This took place in the cases of bacterial cultivation at a low or very high medium aeration and mixing intensity. Hence, the energy production in the cells, the ppGpp synthesis and the growth control mechanism in Corynebacteria may be regarded as connected processes.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 49-55 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Minute nuclei named “smaller nuclei” were generated when the cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were treated with colchicine. The formation of “smaller nuclei” seemed to be related to nuclear division because those nuclei were only produced under conditions suitable for nuclear division. The fact that the average DNA content of “smaller nuclei” was almost one tenth of that of the isolated normal diploid nuclei showed that the “smaller nuclei” are not condensed nuclei but aneuploid nuclei like micronuclei in animal cells. It appeared therefore likely that a micronuclei-like structure could be produced by colchicine treatment in S. cerevisiae.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 57-66 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lignin was mineralized in the experiments in which 14C-lignin was incubated with lignin peroxidase or manganese peroxidase in a tartrate buffer in the presence of cycloheximide-treated protoplasts obtained from the ligninolytic mycelia of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The rate of lignin mineralization was dependent on the lignin peroxidase or manganese peroxidase concentration in the medium. In the experiments in which lignin was incubated with lignin peroxidase or manganese peroxidase, lignin was repolymerized irrespective of the presence of protoplasts mineralizing lignin, suggesting that an active degradation of lignin and repolymerization took place. Taking into account that lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase were the only extracellular enzymes in the experiments in which lignin was mineralized by the protoplasts, it is postulated that lignin peroxidase and/or manganese peroxidase can degrade lignin into small fragments which can then be further absorbed by the fungal cells and subsequently degraded to CO2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 67-76 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The behaviour of different Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum species in the fermentation of Manchego whey was experimentally studied and the results were statistically analyzed using a hypothesis contrast method. The steadiness of the velocity of the production of lactic acid during the fermentation process allowed the use of this variable to compare the different microorganisms. From this comparison it was inferred that the individuals of the same population behave alike and that the L. casei population produces lactic acid at a higher rate than the L. plantarum population. A competitive effect among the members of the L. casei population was also observed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 77-95 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The present paper reviews the different monoterpenols and monoterpene polyols identified in the glycoside form in the plant kingdom. The glycosidic moieties involved are also considered. The natural pathways for the synthesis and hydrolysis of these monoterpene glycosides and the different hypothesis concerning their metabolism are discussed. The present state of different projects for the biotechnological transformation of these aromatic precursor compounds is reported.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 107-115 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of extracellular glucose oxidase in a submerged culture by a number of auxotrophic, 2-deoxy-D-glucose resistant and protease-less mutants of Aspergillus niger was evaluated. Among the auxotrophic strains, no evident dependence was found between the kind of the nutritional requirements and the level of the glucose oxidase activity. However, the majority of auxotrophs, requiring serine or niacin, showed a higher enzyme activity (from 16 to 680%) than the parent strain. The dynamics of the glucose oxidase synthesis by the free and immobilized mycelium of the most active niacin- mutant of A. niger was also investigated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The 5C outer membrane protein, one of the N. meningitidis class 5 proteins, was preferably expressed in bacteria isolated from the nasopharynx and its role in adhering to the mucosal cells and invading them as well as the development of anti-5C antibodies in healthy carriers was demonstrated. Anti-5C monoclonal antibodies are bactericidal in the presence of the human complement. The immunodominant region of the 5C protein is highly conserved among the different strains of N. meningitidis, and the opc gene, which encodes the protein, does not seem to show antigenic variations.Here the isolation of the opc gene from the Cuban strain B:4:P1.15 by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is presented. Under the regulation of the tryptophan promoter, the gene was cloned and sequenced in E. coli with a high level of expression and fused to the amino-terminal end of the interleukin-2 gene. In the dot-blot experiments, the presence of the gene in those strains which did not express the protein in the whole cell ELISA was also detectable.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 117-121 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple medium enhancing the production of thiaminase I (EC 2.5.1.2) by Bacillus thiaminolyticus was developed. Ca2+ stimulated the enzyme production. The activity of extracellular thiaminase I ranged between 1.29 and 1.33 U/ml medium.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 44
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 45
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 277-287 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of the rapid reduction of the water activity (aw) on the extracellular protein and amylolytic activity of Aspergillus niger was studied. An aw value gradient from 0.90 to 0.99 in KCl solutions was applied for the mycelium treatment. It was found that the aw reduction considerably influenced the protein secretion. This phenomenon was dependent on the age of the treated mycelium and the range of the aw gradient. The highest protein and enzyme secretion yields were obtained at aw = 0.98 using a 72-h old mycelium. In comparison with the non-treated mycelium, the increase in the secretion amounted to about 60% for the amylolytic activity and 37% for the soluble protein, respectively. It was shown that the mycelium incubated in KCl solutions of an aw value from 0.90 to 0.99 had the ability for regeneration in fresh CZAPEK-DOX medium. The effect of the osmotic shock on the protein secretion was limited only for the treated cell population and declined in the mycelium which was regenerated after the transfer into the culture medium.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 251-267 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Surface-active compound of biological origin (biosurfactants) have only been described in the past few decades. With the advantage of biodegradability and production on renewable resources, biosurfactants have been gaining prominence and their applications are becoming wider. So far, literature contains mixed reports on the successes of the applications of biosurfactants and their economical viability. They remain compounds which are not very well understood, yet, with several important applications. The target industries for biosurfactant use are the petroleum remediation industries and environmental conservation agencies. These industries, however, seem reluctant to use them for fear of dealing with microbes or microbial products. This includes cleaning up oil spills from the environment, remediation of metal-contaminated soils or waste streams, mobilizing heavy oil sludge and enhanced oil recovery. The importance of biosurfactants, their production, characteristics and limited successes and applications in oil pollution remediation and oil storage tank cleaning are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 269-276 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Leachate from a municipal waste landfill site was treated using an activated sludge bioreactor, a fluidized bed biofilm reactor and a packed-bed column reactor (trickling filter).The leachate contained high organic matter (2.0-2.6 g/l of COD), high ammonium (300-700 mg/l) and sulphide (200-800 mg/l) concentrations, as well as low metal concentrations.The continuously operating reactors were employed to study the effects of TOC loading on the removal of TOC as well as on the nitrification and denitrification processes.Among the three biological treatment technologies investigated, the fluidized bed biofilm reactor was best with respect to removing ammonia and TOC. More than 90% of TOC and 99% of ammonia were removed when TOC loading was less than 0.5 kg/m3 × d. At a TOC loading of 4 kg/m3 × d, the removal of TOC and ammonia was 80% and 99%, respectively.In contrast, the treatment of leachate with the packed-bed reactor was successful in TOC removing only at TOC loading less than 0.3 kg/m3 × d (TOC elimination decreased from 86% at 0.06 kg/m3 × d to 60% at 0.3 kg/m3 × d). However, the reactor was active in nitrification even at a higher TOC loading (more than a 98% ammonia elimination at a TOC loading of 0.5 kg/m3 × d).Leachate was processed in the activated sludge reactor when TOC loading was less than 0.5 kg/m3 × d (with a removal of TOC and ammonia up to 83% and 99%, respectively). The activated sludge reactor was also effective in TOC removal at a higher TOC loading (e.g. a 74% TOC removal at a TOC loading of 1 kg/m3 × d), but for ammonia elimination, the activity continuously decreased (less than 60% ammonia removal at a TOC loading of 1 kg/m3 × d).Overloading in the activated sludge system was indicated by a high concentration of ammonia and nitrite in the effluent. In the packed bed reactor, overloading was characterized by a progressively incomplete TOC removal. No significant overloading was found in the fluidized bed reactor up to a TOC loading of 4 kg/m3 × d.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Rhizobium sp. When isolated form the root nodules of a leguminous climbing shrub Derris scandens produced a high amount of indole acetic acid (IAA) (135.2 μg/ml) from the tryptophan-supple-mented basal medium. Growth and IAA production started simultaneously, and the maximum amount of IAA was produced as a secondary metabolite in the stationary phase of growth. The IAA production by the Rhizobium sp. was increased by 503% when the medium was supplemented with mannitol (2%), KNO3 (0.2%), nicotinic acid (0.1 μg/ml) and MnSO4 (1 μg/ml) in addition to tryptophan (4 mg/ml)/The possible role of the rhizobial production of IAA on the rhizobia-legume symbiosis is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 53
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 347-353 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The determination of the KS values presented here is based on the estimation of the stationary substrate concentrations in continuous cultivation experiments. The separation of biomass from the suspension was performed by an ultrafiltration step which succeeded within one second. The decay of substrate concentration during sampling was calculated to amount to less than 6% of the stationary substrate concentration at relevant growth rates. The KS values derived from these reduced substrate concentrations deviated by only 10% from the theoretical values at a biomass concentration of about 1 g/1. Thus relevant kinetic parameters can be calculated from the data obtained by this procedure. Values of 11, 59 and 14 μM were obtained with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), phenol and fructose, respectively. Similar KS values were derived with 2,4-D and fructose by using a respirationbased determination for reasons of comparison. With phenol this value was only 7 μM which is as cribed to a physiological background.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 367-374 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of basic physiological factors on the quality of inocula and L(+)-lactic acid production by Rhizopus arrhizus CCM 81 09 were studied.The most effective preparation of the spores (5 × 107 spores/ml) and subsequent good lactate production was achieved on the agar medium with soil extract and malt agar. The optimum initial amount of active spores for inoculation was 103-104 spores/ml. The preparation of inoculum required intensive stirring with lower aeration and pH maintained in the range from 4.8 to 6.0 by the addition of CaCO3. The maximum yield of lactic acid production was achieved by using 5% (v/v) of 24-h-old inoculum. The intensity of lactic acid production in the inoculum was proportional to its production in the subsequent steps of fermentation and can be used as a fast control of the physiological state of the producers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 381-386 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 39859 was immobilized onto small cubes of wood to produce ethanol and very enriched fructose syrup from glucose/fructose mixtures through the selective fermentation of glucose. A maximum ethanol productivity of 21.9 g/l-h was attained from a feed containing 9.7% (w/v) glucose and 9.9% (w/v) fructose. An ethanol concentration, glucose conversion and fructose yield of 29.6 g/l, 62% and 99% were obtained, respectively. This resulted in a final fructose/glucose ratio of 2.7. At lower ethanol productivity levels the fructose/glucose ratio increases, as does the ethanol concentration in the effluent. The addition of 30 mg/l oleic acid to the medium increased the ethanol productivity and its concentration by 13% at a dilution rate of 0.74 h-1.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 15 (1995), S. 375-380 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stability behaviour of the pBR322 plasmid derivative pBB210 with β-lactamase gene and human interferon-α1 gene in Escherichia coli TG1 was studied in chemostat cultures under non-selective (medium without antibiotics), selective (medium with β-lactam antibiotic ampicillin) and modified selective (medium with ampicillin and the β-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam) conditions. Under non-selective conditions, a behaviour typical of unstable systems was found. Under selective conditions, the behaviour predicted by the models was obtained - the fraction of plasmid-bearing cells in the population approached a constant value which was dependent on the ampicillin concentration in the feeding and on the cell concentration in the chemostat. Under modified selective conditions, the higher the concentration of sulbactam in the medium was, the higher the fraction of plasmid-bearing cells was in steady state conditions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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