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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (3,433)
  • 1955-1959  (11)
  • 1930-1934
  • Engineering  (3,320)
  • transformation
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid mediated silver resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii (1994)
    Springer
    BioMetals 7 (1994), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Acinetobacter ; conjugation ; curing ; plasmid ; silver uptake ; silver resistance ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Acinetobacter baumannii BL88, an environmental isolate, was resistant to 13 metals and 10 antibiotics. Plumbagin cured resistance to silver, cadmium, antimony, streptomycin and ampicillin at varying frequencies. However, only silver resistance transferred (1 × 10−6 recepient−1) to Escherichia coli K12 during conjugation. Correspondingly there was transfer of a 54 kb plasmid (pUPI199) from A. baumannii BL88. The plasmid transformed E. coli DH5α cells at a frequency of 1 × 10−8 recepient−1. The growth rate of E. coli DH5; (pUPI199) was slower as compared with E. coli DH5α. Plasmid pUPI199 was 76 and 9.6% stable in the host A. baumannii BL88 in the presence and absence of selection pressure, respectively. A. baumannii BL88 was found to accumulate and retain silver whereas E. coli DH5α (pUPI199) effluxed 63% of the accumulated silver ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205194
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Canonical correlation and reduction of multiple time series (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 46 (1994), S. 625-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Rank of multiple time series ; transformation ; spectrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that a degenerate rankd-variate stationary time series can be reduced to a full rank time series of lower dimension via an orthogonal transformationT provided that ρ, the canonical correlation between past and future of the time series is strictly less than one. Procedures for estimation of rank of the multiple time series,T and testing ρ=1 are outlined, the latter is related to testing the unit root hypothesis in ARMA models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00773471
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic ecology: A new interdisciplinary science, fundamental for evolution, biodiversity and biosafety evaluations (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Genetics ; ecology ; DNA-transfer ; conjugation ; transformation ; transduction ; transposons ; dormant cells ; epilithon ; microbial colonisation ; symbiosis ; virus resistance ; biosafety ; release of genes ; insults to humanity ; evolution ; biodiversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic ecology is the extension of our modern knowledge in molecular genetics to studies of viability, gene expression and gene movements in natural environments like soils, aquifers and digestive tracts. In such milieux, the horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne genes between phylogenetically distant species has already been found to be much more frequent than had been expected from laboratory experience. For the study of exchanges involving chromosomally-located genes, more has to be learned about the behaviour of transposons in such environments. The results expected from studies in genetic ecology are relevant for considerations of evolution, biodiversity and biosafety. The role of this new field of research in restoring popular confidence in science and in its biotechnological applications is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920741
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and regeneration of transgenic plants (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 13 (1994), S. 130-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Sinapis alba L. ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; transformation ; regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A procedure for the regeneration of fertile transgenic white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) is presented. The protocol is based on infection of stem explants of 7–9 day old plants with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harboring a disarmed binary vector with chimeric genes encoding neomycin phosphotransferase and β-glucuronidase. Shoots are regenerated from callus-forming explants within 3–4 weeks. Under selection, 10% of the explants with transgenic embryonic callus develop into fertile transgenic plants. Rooting shoots transferred to soil yield seeds within 14–16 weeks following transformation. Integration and expression of the T-DNA encoded marker genes was confirmed by histochemical β glucuronidase assays and Southern-DNA hybridization using primary transformants and S1-progeny. The analysis showed stable integration and Mendelian inheritance of trans-genes in transformed Sinapis lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239878
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable expression of the GUS reporter gene in chrysanthemum depends on binary plasmid T-DNA (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1994), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; transformation ; T-DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) cultivars were cocultivated with 2 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains in combination with 4 pBIN19 derived binary plasmids, all carrying the Nosnptll selection gene and 35Sgus(intron) reporter gene. All binary plasmids transferred DNA to chrysanthemum explants but only pMOG410 gave good stable expression of GUS. This plasmid differs from the other plasmids in 2 aspects: 1) It carries a restored nptll gene and 2) the selection gene is positioned at the left border side of the reporter gene. Cocultivation with AGLO(pMOG410) yielded up to 13 GUS positive shoots per 100 explants. The presence of the gus and nptll gene in recovered shoots was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233300
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and transformation of rice aleurone protoplasts (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 13 (1994), S. 394-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Rice ; α-amylase ; protoplasts ; aleurone ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Protoplasts isolated from the aleurone have been used extensively in molecular studies focusing on hormone-mediated regulation of gene expression in barley seed. To extend the use of aleurone protoplasts to other species, we have determined the conditions necessary for the isolation of protoplasts from rice aleurone layers of germinated seed. Many of the common cell wall degrading enzymes used in making protoplasts were tested for their ability to release protoplasts from rice aleurone layers. Cellulysin was found to be the most effective. Transformation of these aleurone protoplasts was accomplished using polyethylene glycol and DNA constructs containing the firefly luciferase reporter gene under the control of two different promoters were tested. Luciferase expression was 24-fold greater when the reporter gene was under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter than when the promoter from the alcohol dehydrogenase 1 gene was used. With the isolation and transformation of aleurone protoplasts from rice, it is now possible to investigate molecular events occurring in this tissue during germination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234145
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular improvement of cereals (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 925-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cereals ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014667
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of conserved domains in the Δ12 desaturases of cyanobacteria (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Anabaena variabilis ; fatty-acid desaturation ; Synechococcus PCC7002 ; Synechococcus PCC7942 ; Synechocystis PCC6714 ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cyanobacterial genes for enzymes that desaturate fatty acids at the Δ12 position, designated desA, were isolated from Synechocystis PCC6714, Synechococcus PCC7002 and Anabaena variabilis by crosshybridization with a DNA probe derived from the desA gene of Synechocystis PCC6803. The genes of Synechocystis PCC6714, Synechococcus PCC7002 and A. variabilis encode proteins of 349, 347 and 350 amino acid residues, respectively. The transformation of Synechococcus PCC7942 with the desA genes from Synechocystis PCC6714, Synechococcus PCC7002 and A. variabilis was associated with the ability to introduce a second double bond at the Δ12 position of fatty acids. The amino acid sequence of the products of the desA genes revealed the presence of four conserved domains. Since one of the conserved domains was also found in the amino acid sequences of ω3 desaturases of Brassica napus and mung bean, this domain may play an essential role in the introduction of a double bond into fatty acids bound to membrane lipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023560
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Directed disruption of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast psbK gene destabilizes the photosystem II reaction center complex (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 779-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; chloroplast ; transformation ; photosystem II ; psbK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using particle gun-mediated chloroplast transformation we have disrupted the psbK gene of Chlamydomonas reihardtii with an aadA expression cassette that confers resistance to spectinomycin. The transformants are unable to grow photoautotrophically, but they grow normally in acetate-containing medium. They are deficient in photosystem II activity as measured by fluorescence transients and O2 evolution and they accumulate less than 10% of wild-type levels of photosystem II as measured by immunochemical means. Pulse-labeling experiments indicate that the photosystem II complex is synthesized normally in the transformants. These results differ from those obtained previously with similar cyanobacterial psbK mutants that were still capable of photoautotrophic growth (Ikeuchi et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 1111–1115). In C. reinhardtii the psbK product is required for the stable assembly and/or stability of the photosystem II complex and essential for photoautotrophic growth. The data also suggest that the stability requirements of the photosynthetic complexes differ considerably between C. reinhardtii and cyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029859
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable transformation and long-term expression of the gusA reporter gene in callus lines of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 401-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Lolium perenne L. ; transformation ; rice gene GOS2 ; long-term GUS expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stable transformation of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was achieved by biolistic bombardment of a non embryogenic cell suspension culture, using the hpt and gusA gene. The transformation yielded on the average 5 callus lines per bombardment (1.4×106 cells). Stable integration of the genes into the plant genome was demonstrated by Southern analysis of DNA, isolated from hygromycin-resistant callus lines. The gusA reporter gene, which was regulated by the constitutive promoter of the rice gene GOS2, was expressed in both transient and stable transformation assays, indicating that this promoter is suitable for expression of a transferred gene in perennial ryegrass. Long-term GUS expression was observed in ca. 40% of the callus lines, whereas the other callus lines showed instability after 6 months and 1 year of culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020178
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of selectable and non-selectable transgenes in maize after introduction by particle bombardment (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 25 (1994), S. 951-961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Cell biology ; epigenetics ; maize ; transformation ; transgenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Zea mays transformants produced by particle bombardment of embryogenic suspension culture cells of the genotype A188 × B73 and selected on kanamycin or bialaphos were characterized with respect to transgene integration, expression, and inheritance. Selection on bialaphos, mediated by thebar orpat genes, was more efficient than selection on kanamycin, mediated by thenptII gene. Most transformants contained multicopy, single locus, transgene insertion events. A transgene expression cassette was more likely to be rearranged if expression of that gene was not selected for during callus growth. Not all plants regenerated from calli representing single transformation events expressed the transgenes, and a non-selectable gene (uidA) was expressed in fewer plants than was the selectable transgene. Mendelian inheritance of transgenes consistent with transgene insertion at a single locus was observed for approximately two thirds of the transformants assessed. Transgene expression was typically, but not always, predictable in progeny plants-transgene silencing, as well as poor transgene transmission to progeny, was observed in some plant lines in which the parent plants had expressed the transgene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014669
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of ω3 desaturase from cyanobacteria and its use in altering the degree of membrane-lipid unsaturation (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 249-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: desB gene ; desaturase ; fatty acid ; Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 ; Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cyanobacteria respond to a decrease in temperature by desaturating fatty acids of membrane lipids to compensate for the decrease in membrane fluidity. Among various desaturation reactions in cyanobacteria, the desaturation of the ω3 position of fatty acids is the most sensitive to the change in temperature. In the present study, we isolated a gene, designated desB, for the ω3 desaturase from the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The desB gene encodes a protein a 359 amino-acid residues with molecular mass of 41.9 kDa. The desB gene is transcribed as a monocistronic operon that produced a single transcript of 1.4 kb. The level of the desB transcript in cells grown at 22°C was 10 times higher than that in cells grown at 34°C. In order to manipulate the fatty-acid unsaturation of membrane lipids, the desB gene in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was mutated by insertion of a kanamycin-resistance gene cartridge. The resultant mutant was unable to desaturate fatty acids at the ω3 position. The desA gene, which encodes the Δ12 desaturase of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and the desB gene were introduced into Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Whilst the parent cyanobacterium can only desaturate membrane lipids at the Δ9 position of fatty acids, the resultant transformant was able to desaturate fatty acids of membrane lipids at the Δ9, Δ12 and ω3 positions. These results confirm the function of the desB gene and demonstrate that it is possible to genetically manipulate the fatty-acid unsaturation of membrane lipids in cyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039536
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) pollen-specific polygalacturonase mRNA: tissue and temporal specificity of its promoter in transgenic tobacco (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 1989-1993 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: polygalacturonase ; pollen-specific promoter ; cotton ; transgenics ; transformation ; β-glucuronidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A gene (G9) expressed during late microsporogenesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was isolated. Sequence analysis of the cDNA (1.3 kb) as well as the gene (2.6 kb) revealed an open reading frame of 1233 bases encoding a protein of 43.9 kDa. The coding region of the gene is interrupted by three introns. Northern analysis of the RNA from developing anthers showed that the transcripts appear 12 days before anthesis and that the maximal concentration of RNA occurs in pollen on the day of anthesis. This pattern of gene expression suggests functions in post-anthesis events. Sequence comparisons with other known plant genes indicated that G9 is homologous to polygalacturonases. The G9 promoter conferred tissue and temporal specificity of β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in transgenic tobacco plants. Thus, the G9 promoter can be used to drive gene expression in homologous as well as heterologous plants in a tissue-specific manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019509
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of fertile transgenic maize by electroporation of suspension culture cells (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 24 (1994), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Zea mays L. ; transformation ; electroporation ; bar ; phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fertile, transgenic maize plants were generated by electroporation of suspension culture cells that were treated with a pectin-degrading enzyme. Electroporation of cells from two different suspension cultures, one derived from A188 X B73 and one derived from a B73-related inbred, with a plasmid containing the bar gene, resulted in high-frequency recovery of stably transformed callus lines. Plants were regenerated from thirteen transformed callus lines and transmission of bar to progeny was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040573
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hairy roots of Brassica napus: II. Glutamine synthetase overexpression alters ammonia assimilation and the response to phosphinothricin (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1994), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; Brassica napus ; glutamine synthetase ; phosphinothricin ; rape ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hairy roots of Brassica napus (rape cv. Giant) have been produced that contain the cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS) gene from Glycine max (soybean). Leaf explants were cocultivated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4T harbouring the binary vector pLN16. This vector was constructed by inserting a soybean cytosolic GS cDNA into the multiple cloning site of pGA643, placing it under the control of the CaMV promoter. In addition, the T-DNA region of pLN16 contained a NPTII gene for selection of transformed cells. Transgenic hairy roots grew prolifically on hormone-free media containing a selective level of kanamycin. Southern and northern analyses confirmed the presence of soybean GS DNA and transcripts, respectively. These transformed hairy roots also have a greater abundance of the GS polypeptide, approximately 3–6 fold greater GS activity and lower levels of endogenous ammonia. Hairy roots provide a useful system for studying responses to phosphinothricin (PPT). Hairy roots grown in media containing PPT had lower GS activity, greater ammonia accumulation and slower growth than controls. The presence of the soybean GS gene in the hairy roots reduced these PPT-induced effects and resulted in higher GS activity, lower ammonia levels and faster growth than in PPT-treated controls. Greater tolerance of PPT was also seen in shoots regenerated from the hairy roots displaying elevated levels of GS activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233296
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-DNA-insert-independent mutations induced in transformed plant cells duringAgrobacterium co-cultivation (1994)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 3 (1994), S. 317-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; mutagenesis ; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia ; nitrate reductase ; ploidy ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transformation frequencies were determined for 1n, 2n, and 4n Nicotiana plumbaginifolia protoplast cultures inAgrobacterium-mediated gene transfer experiments. An unexpected large drop (50%) in plating efficiencies was observed in the non-selected (control) 1n populations after transformation treatment with virulent strains. This effect was not observed in the 2n or 4n cultures or in the 1n cultures when treated with avirulent bacteria. The mortality was disproportionally high and could not be explained by the low (0.1–0.5%) transformation efficiency in the 1n population, indicating mutagenesis of the cell populations independently from the T-DNA insertions. Mutagenesis was also indicated in gene tagging experiments where nitrate reductase-deficient (NR−) mutants were selected from haploidNicotiana plumbaginifolia protoplasts, as well as from leaf disc cultures or protoplasts of diploid plants that were heterozygotic for a mutation either in the NR apoenzyme gene (nia/wt) or one of the molybdenum-containing cofactor genes (cnxA/wt), afterAgrobacterium co-cultivation. The chlorate-resistant isolates were tested for the T-DNA-specific kanamycin resistance trait only after NR-deficiency had been established. Thirty-nine independent NR-deficient mutants were analysed further by Southern blot hybridization. There was no indication of integrated T-DNA sequences in the mutated NR genes, despite the fact that NR-deficient cells were found more frequently in cell populations which became transformed during the treatment than in the populations which did not. These observations suggest that transformation-competent cells undergo mutagenesis during theAgrobacterium gene transfer process not only as a result of stable integration events, but also through accompanying events that do not result in major changes in the mutated loci. The nature of these changes at the molecular level remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973592
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of gene transfer by pollen from field-grown transgenic potatoes to non-transgenic potatoes and related species (1994)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 3 (1994), S. 216-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; genetic modification ; transformation ; gene transfer ; genetic isolation ; risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Information on the extent of transgene dispersal by pollen to adjacent potato plots and to related weed species is an important requisite for risk assessment; a procedure followed before novel transgenic plants are evaluated under field conditions. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the frequency of cross-pollination between potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants at different distances, using a kanamycin resistnace transgene (nptII) as a selectable marker. All potato plants were from the variety Désirée. Non-transgenic potato plants, used as potential recipients of transgene-containing pollen, were planted in 12 sub-plots, at distances of 0–20 m from the nearest transgenic potato plants. Seeds harvested from the non-transgenic plants were screened for resistance to kanamycin, and molecular methods were used to confirm that resistant progeny contained thenptII gene. Where transgenic and non-transgenic potato plants were in alternate rows (leaves touching), 24% of seedlings from the non-transgenic parent plants were kanamycin-resistant. Comparable seedlings from plants at up to 3 m distance had a resistance frequency of 2%, at 10 m the frequency was 0.017% and at 20 m no resistant progeny were observed. Plants of the weed speciesS. dulcamara andS. nigrum were also planted close to the transgenic potatoes to test for evidence of hybridization, and no kanamycin-resistant seedlings were observed among progeny fromS. dulcamara andS. nigrum. This investigation provided evidence that the extent of gene dispersal from transgenic potatoes to non-transgenic potatoes falls markedly with increasing distance, and is negligible at 10 m. There was, also, no evidence of transgene movement from potato toS. dulcamara andS. nigrum under field conditions. These data will be valuable in defining genetic isolation procedures for the early field evaluation and the use of novel transgenic potato genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02336774
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombinant viruses as transformation vectors of marine macroalgae (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 6 (1994), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: algae ; genes ; recombinant ; transformation ; vectors ; viruses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The large dsDNA viruses that are known to infect eukaryotic algae show promise as genetic vectors for algal biotechnology. The large size (150–330 kbp) of these viral genomes may permit insertion of large sequences of foreign DNA. The viruses infecting filamentous marine brown algae appear to be integrated into the genomes of their hosts, and may provide integration mechanisms that can be used for directing insertion of foreign genes into algal chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186078
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maintenance and expression of heterologous genes in chloroplast ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 6 (1994), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; transformation ; chloroplast ; aminoglycoside adenine transferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chloroplast genome ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii has been transformed with a chimeric gene consisting of the chloroplastatpA promoter and the bacterial gene for aminoglycoside adenine transferase (aadA). TheatpA-aadA cassette has been placed within the chloroplast DNAEcoRI restriction enzyme fragment 14, or within the chloroplastBamH1 fragment 10. The chimeric constructs were introduced into the chloroplast by particle bombardment. Integration of the cassette into chloroplast DNA then occurred via homologous recombination of sequences flanking the cassette with their corresponding chloroplast sequences. We demonstrate that the chloroplastatpA promoter inatpA-aadA routinely recombines with its endogenous counterpart, resulting in heteroplasmic chloroplast DNA populations that may persist for many generations. The heterologous gene does not require a 3′ inverted repeat sequence for its expression. TheatpA-aadA gene copy number, which is dictated here by its position in the chloroplast genome, is proportional to the steady state level ofatpA-aadA mRNA. However, neither genomic position, gene copy number, or mRNA level have a significant effect on cellular resistance to spectinomycin, nor activity of theaadA gene productin vitro. These results suggest that, in the case ofaadA, the limiting step for expression of this gene is at the translational or post-translational level. TheatpA-aadA cassette should prove a useful model for future studies on the maintenance and expression of heterologous genes inC. reinhardtii chloroplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186077
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple technique for producing 13C or 14C-labelled fronds of Lemna gibba and their use in soil incubation investigations (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 160 (1994), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon-labelling ; carbon dioxide production ; decomposition ; 14C-glucose ; Lemna ; soil organic matter ; sugars ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The duckweed Lemna gibba required light and a suitable energy source such as sucrose, glucose or fructose, for maximum growth in culture. The requirement for light was relatively unimportant and the plants grew well in a photon flux density of only 52 μmol m-2s-1 PAR. The uptake and incorporation of uniformly labelled 14C-glucose into fronds was related only to the concentration of the sugar. When incubated with soil, labelled L. gibba behaved in a manner similar to that of labelled ryegrass roots which had been produced by a more elaborate technique using a 14CO2 labelled atmosphere. During incubation with soil for 224 days the L. gibba material (specific activity 6133 Bq mg-1 d. wt) lost 64% of its radioactivity as 14CO2 and ryegrass (specific activity 6634 Bq mg-1 d. wt) lost 49%. Alkaline extracted humic and fulvic acids from soil had specific activities for the L. gibba incubation of 3409 and 407 Bq mg-1 solid and for ryegrass roots of 4609 and 546 Bq mg-1 solid respectively. The production of 13C or 14C-labelled L. gibba can be undertaken using only simple equipment producing material the specific radioactivity of which can be controlled by adjusting the activity of the sugar energy source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010144
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    A robust protocol for site-directed mutagenesis of the D1 protein inChlamydomonas reinhardtii: A PCR-splicedpsbA gene in a plasmid conferring spectinomycin resistance was introduced into apsbA deletion strain (1994)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 42 (1994), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: chloroplast ; Photosystem II ; psbA ; site-directed mutagenesis ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we describe a protocol to obtain a site-directed mutants in thepsbA gene ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii, which overcomes several drawbacks of previous protocols, and makes it possible to generate a mutant within a month. Since the large size of the gene, and the presence of four large introns has made molecular genetics of thepsbA gene rather unwieldy, we have spliced all of the exons of thepsbA gene by PCR to facilitate genetic manipulation and sequencing of the gene. The resultant construct (plasmid pBA153, with several unique restriction sites introduced at exon boundaries) carried 1.2 and 1.8 kb intact sequences from the 5′- and 3′-flanking regions, respectively. The plasmid was used to transform a D1-deletion mutant and was found to complement the deletion and restore photosynthetic activity. In addition, a bacterialaadA gene conferring spectinomycin resistance (spe r) was inserted downstream of the intron-freepsbA gene, to give construct pBA155. This allowed selection of mutant strains deficient in photosynthesis by using spectinomycin resistance, and eliminated the possibility of selection for revertant strains which is a consequence of having to use photosynthetic activity as a selection pressure. Finally, pBA155 was used to construct pBA157, in which additional restriction sites were inserted to facilitate cassette mutagenesis for generation of mutations in spans thought to be involved in donor-side interactions. AllpsbA deletion strains transformed with intron-freepsbA-aadA constructs encoding the wild-type D1 sequence, and screened on spectinomycin plates for thespe r phenotype, were able to grow photosynthetically, and all showed identical kinetics for electron transfer from primary (QA) to secondary quinone (QB) in Photosystem II, as assayed by the decay of the high fluorescence yield on oxidation of the reduced primary acceptor (QA −).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02187123
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  • 22
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    Some features about transposition of the maize elementDissociation inNicotiana plumbaginifolia (1994)
    Springer
    Genetica 93 (1994), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: Ac/Ds ; transformation ; transgenic plants ; transposon tagging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have recently shown that a plasmid-borneDissociation (Ds) element can excise from extrachromosomal plasmid DNA and integrate into a plant genome in the presence of theActivator (Ac) transposase.Ds andAc-carrying plasmids were used to co-transformNicotiana plumbaginifolia protoplasts. Transgenic plants were regenerated and analyzed. Here we describe further characterization of the system and discuss its efficiency in terms of DNA transformation and transposon tagging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01435238
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  • 23
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    Transmission of injected DNA sequences to multiple eggs of Metaseiulus occidentalis and Amblyseius finlandicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) following maternal microinjection (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 18 (1994), S. 319-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Maternal microinjection ; transformation ; genetic improvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The persistence of DNA injected into two species of adult female phytoseiids and its transmission to serial eggs deposited by them was assessed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effect of DNA concentration on persistence and transmission was examined in Metaseiulus occidentalis. M. occidentalis females were microinjected with plasmid DNA at three different concentrations (250, 500, 750 ng μL−1) and allowed to deposit one to five eggs before the females and their last eggs were analyzed. Plasmid DNA was found in 82% of the females assayed and in 70% of all the eggs analyzed (including the fifth eggs produced after microinjection). Transmission of DNA to multiple eggs was also examined in Amblyseius finlandicus. Females of this species are less traumatized by microinjection allowing analysis of transmission over a more extended number of eggs. Females were microinjected and allowed to deposit eggs until their death. DNA from every fifth egg was analyzed by the PCR. PCR products were amplified from 51% of the eggs and from all egg classes except the 30th egg. The persistence and presence of plasmid DNA in both eggs and females suggests that (1) maternal microinjection is a more efficient method for DNA delivery than traditional egg microinjection, (2) it may be possible to isolate transformants from fewer maternally-microinjected females than originally expected, and (3) maternal microinjection could be useful as a DNA delivery system in other phytoseiids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116313
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    Genetics and gibberellin production inGibberella fujikuroi (1994)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 65 (1994), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Gibberella fujikuroi ; gibberellins ; mutants ; regulation by nitrogen ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gibberella fujikuroi (Fusarium moniliforme) is a complex group of plant pathogens. Some strains produce gibberellic acid and other gibberellins that promote growth and regulate various stages in plant development. The paper describes the research effort directed to development of genetic tools for this species. Furthermore the main features of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway as established in Gibberella are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00871950
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stably transformed cell lines from protoplasts of maize endosperm suspension cultures (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 37 (1994), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: endosperm cell culture ; maize ; protoplast ; transformation ; zeins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts were isolated from Zea mays (L.) A69Y endosperm suspension cultures and transformed by polyethylene glycol mediated DNA uptake with chimaeric gene constructs containing β-glucuronidase (GUS) or neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII); GUS-expressing and Kanamycin-resistant cultures were recovered. The transformed cells showed integration of the introduced foreign genes into genomic DNA and maintained their ability to synthesize endosperm-specific reserve proteins (zeins). No deletion or rearrangement of zein genes were observed in transformed cultures. Stable transformation of cultured maize endosperm cells may therefore represent a new methodological approach for the study of the transcriptional regulation of endosperm-expressed genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048115
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  • 26
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    Efficient plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from callus induced on mature rice embryos (Oryza sativa L.) (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 36 (1994), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: monocotyledons ; Oryza sativa L. ; plant regeneration ; rice ; somatic embryogenesis ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To obtain a reproducible efficient procedure for regeneration of rice plants through somatic embryogenesis from callus four published methods of callus induction and regeneration were compared. Callus was initiated from mature embryos of the Japonica cultivar Taipei 309 of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The number, mass and morphology of the callus formed on the scutellum were dependent on the medium used. A limited humidity and an optimal aeration of the culture vessels enhanced the frequency of embryogenesis and plant regeneration. A method described by Poonsapaya et al. (1989) was found to be the most efficient and was slightly modified. As a result 98% of the T309 embryos formed callus, of which 63% regenerated into plants. Each callus yielded an average of 6 plants. Plant morphology, fertility and seed set of the regenerants were found to be normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037729
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  • 27
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    Factors that effect leaf regeneration efficiency in apple, and effect of antibiotics in morphogenesis (1994)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 37 (1994), S. 257-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: adventitious shoots ; Malus x domestica Borkh. ; tissue culture ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several factors that affect the frequency of organogenesis in apple leaf explants were examined for the scion cultivars ‘Empire’, ‘Freedom’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Liberty’, ‘McIntosh’, and ‘Mutsu’ and for the rootstocks Malling 7A and Malling 26. The main factors affecting morphogenesis were BA concentration, basal medium, leaf explant origin and maturity, explant orientation, and photosynthetic photon flux. Depending on the genotype, optimal regeneration was obtained using either 22.2 or 31.1 μM BA and the N6 basal medium, with the exception of ‘Golden Delicious’ which regenerated better on MS medium. After 6 weeks, the average number of shoots per segment varied from 5 to 16, and the percentage of regeneration between 70 and 100%, depending on the genotype tested and the maturity of the explant. Regeneration capacity increased dramatically from the tip towards the base of the leaf, and was higher from the middle to the proximal end. Cefotaxime and carbenicillin, two antibiotics commonly used during transformation studies to eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens from plant tissue, were tested to determine their effect on morphogenesis. Cefotaxime at a dose of 250 mg 1-1 enhanced regeneration and shoot development, whereas carbenicillin at a dose of 500 mg l-1 induced abundant callus formation and inhibited regeneration. Kanamycin, a widely used selection agent for plant transformation, strongly inhibited regeneration even at very low doses. Schemes for selection and recovery of transgenic apple plants when kanamycin is used as the selection agent are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042339
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    Micropropagation of thirteen Malus cultivars and rootstocks, and effect of antibiotics on proliferation (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 15 (1994), S. 55-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) ; selection ; tissue culture ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Several factors that affect in vitro establishment, proliferation, and rooting of thirteen Malus cultivars and rootstocks were studied. Apple shoot tips (1.5±0.5 cm in length) were established using ascorbic and citric acids as antioxidants. Four proliferation media containing 1.0 mg 1−1 BA and different concentrations of IBA and GA3 were tested. Proliferation rates varied depending on the genotype and medium used. The highest proliferation rate was obtained for a rootstock that produced 11.6±2.5 shoots (1.5±0.8 cm in length) per tube per month. Rooting was induced with IBA for all the genotypes tested. The optimal IBA concentration was cultivar dependent (between 0.1 and 1.0 mg 1−1 IBA), and lower concentrations were necessary to induce rooting in liquid rather than in solid medium. The effects on shoot-tip proliferation of cefotaxime, carbenicillin and kanamycin, three antibiotics commonly used for transformation studies, were also evaluated. Cefotaxime at 200 mg 1−1 stimulated shoot growth and development, but at 500 mg 1−1 caused abnormal shoot morphology. Carbenicillin at 500 mg 1−1, alone or in combination with cefotaxime at 200 mg 1−1, inhibited proliferation and caused excessive enlargement of the basal leaves, inducing callus formation and release of phenolic compounds in the medium. Kanamycin at 50 mg 1−1 was phytotoxic and caused shoot chlorosis and necrosis. Consideration of the toxicity of these antibiotics is critical when designing transformation schemes for selection and recovery of transgenic apple plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024677
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    Masthead (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100101
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    Iterative computation of second-order derivatives of eigenvalues and eigenvectors (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An iterative method is introduced for computing second-order partial derivatives (sensitivities) of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices which depend on a number of real design parameters. Numerical tests confirm the viability of the method and support our theoretical analysis. Alternative methods are reviewed briefly and compared with the one proposed here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100102
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    Semi-Loof element for plate instability (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the formulation of the semi-Loof element the rotation of the tangent plane is derived from the interpolation of the transverse displacement, while the rotation of the normal is interpolated separately by another set of shape functions. The geometric stiffness matrix can be formulated by use of either of the two rotation representations. It is demonstrated that the use of the tangent plane representation in the geometric stiffness matrix is far superior to the common form at present.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100103
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  • 32
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    Least-squares T-elments: Equivalent FE and BE forms of a substructure-oriented boundary solution approach (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient solution to boundary-value problems may be based on the application of a suitably truncated T-complete set of Trefftz functions over individual subdomains and on linking the fields by a least-squares procedure. Although it yields a symmetric system of linear equations, this approach as originally presented by Zielinski and Zienkiewicz is not suited for implementation into FE codes. The present paper presents two equivalent formulations, which take respectively the form of the finite (FE) and non-conventional boundary-element (BE) approach. Both allow the resulting simultaneous equations to be assembled following the standard direct stiffness methods and can readily be implemented into existing FE codes.As in the conventional p-method, the accuracy may be controlled within large limits without increasing the number of elements. The present approach allows substantial saving in computer time in comparison with the so-called hybrid-Trefftz (HT) elements, though the assumed displacement fields are identical. The practical efficiency of the new T-element approach is assessed on the problem of stress concentration in a symmetrically compressed perforated panel.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100104
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    High-order polynomial interpolation in boundary integral equation analysis (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A sixth-order polynomial shape function is developed for BIE analysis. The function is applied over only three-noded elements, but with the support for the function extending over adjacent elements. This avoids the oscillations near the ends of the range which otherwise are characteristic of high-order polynomial interpolation. Various test problems are explored, and it is shown that results as accurate as those from conventional quadratic elements are obtained with larger nodal spacings, and thus giving the potential for significant reductions in matrix storage requirements and solution times.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100208
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    Accurate finite element method for steady and quasisteady lifting aerofoil (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 155-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element formulation based on superposition is proposed for a lifting aerofoil in incompressible potential flow. An accuracy improvement technique for the singularity at the aerofoil trailing edge is discussed. It is shown that the quarter-node quadrilateral element can be readily employed to simulate this singularity. It is also demonstrated that the circulation in the flow field can be easily represented by a single constraint equation rather than introducing an artificial cut line in the mesh. The influence of finite-element mesh size on solution accuracy and the correct form of the boundary condition have been investigated as well. Numerical examples are given for both steady and quasisteady Joukowski aerofoils of various thicknesses and at a range of incidences. In all test cases, good agreement is observed between the analytical solution and the numerical result.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100207
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  • 35
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    Masthead (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100301
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    A 3D element for non-linear analysis of solids (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An 8-node element (HMITC) for 3D non-linear analysis of solids is presented. The new element is based on an element developed by Wilson and Ibrahimbegovic, that incorporates incompatible modes, and on the method of mixed interpolation of tonsorial components. The HMITC element does not contain spurious zero energy modes and satisfies Irons' Patch Test. The numerical experimentation indicates that the HMITC has good performance even with distorted meshes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100302
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    Space-time oriented streamline diffusion methods for non-linear conservation laws in one dimension (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 203-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we consider an explicit finite-element method, with elements adaptively oriented in space-time, for the solution of one-dimensional conservation laws, extending previous work dealing with linear convection-diffusion and incompressible flow. In particular we consider Burgers' equation and the compressible Euler equations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100304
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    Neural-network-based approximations for solving partial differential equations (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method, based on neural-network-based functions, for solving partial differential equations is reported in the paper. Using a ‘universal approximator’ based on a neural network and point collocation, the numerical problem of solving the partial differential equation is transformed to an unconstrained minimization problem. The method is extremely easy to implement and is suitable for obtaining an approximate solution in a short period of time. The technique is illustrated with the aid of two numerical examples.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100303
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  • 39
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    Cyclic symmetry in boundary elements (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient algorithm for consideration of axial and cyclic symmetry in the boundary-element method is presented. The appropriate transformation relationships was derived. The algorithm is then implemented in a boundary element program for the analysis of 2D elastostatic problems. Through analysis of typical problems the validity of the algorithm and its implementation is verified. A high level of accuracy and substantial reduction in computer time and storage was achieved.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100305
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  • 40
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    Explicit variable time-step method for implicit moving boundary problems (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The diffusion of oxygen into an absorbing medium as an example of an implicit moving boundary problem has been dealt with by a number of authors using various numerical techniques, and, where appropriate, approximate analytical expressions. To evaluate the time for complete absorption, extrapolation is usually employed. An unconditionally stable explicit numerical scheme that avoids the limitations of such methods is presented and tested herein. Unlike existing schemes this method is fully numerical; it avoids the large array size, generally required for existing methods, by using a variable-length time step. The time for complete absorption emerges from the final step in the normal computing procedure with no recourse to extrapolation. Furthermore, owing to the implicit condition prevailing at the moving boundary, no iterations are needed to evaluate the time step required for the moving boundary to move a single space increment. The numerical results obtained compare very favourably with those due to earlier authors.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100306
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  • 41
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    Boundary-element solution of some structural-acoustic coupling problems using the multiple reciprocity method (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 237-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper we have developed a new formulation for solution of structural-acoustic coupling problems by boundary elements using the multiple reciprocity method. It is assumed that the structure is composed of plate components and is excited by the external or the internal noise source. The efficiency of the proposed formulation becomes especially remarkable if the boundary-value problem is to be solved repeatedly for different values of frequency. The accuracy of the numerical computations has been compared with the analytical solution in a test example.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100307
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  • 42
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    Homogenization and effective elastoplasticity models for periodic composites (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Techniques for stress- and strain-controlled in situ homogenization of inelastic periodic composites are presented. The results of homogenization computations on a specific elastoplastic composite solid are then employed to validate the form of an orthotropic elastoplasticity model with a tensorial kinematic hardening law.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100309
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  • 43
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    Lagrange multiplier approach for evaluation of friction in explicit finite-element analysis (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An algorithm for evaluation of friction in general contact-impact interfaces is described. The algorithm is based on an explicit finite-element method. Coulomb's friction law is assumed. The defence node algorithm is used such that the sticking condition can be imposed with the Lagrange multiplier method even in explicit dynamic analysis. The algorithm is supposed to be applicable in general situations, including large deformations of the contact-impact bodies and large relative sliding between the contact-impact boundaries. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100308
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    Conference diary (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 275-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100311
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    Masthead (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100401
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  • 46
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    General forming of transition elements (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 267-273 
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    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A generalization of the r(1-m)/m strain singularity of higher-order isoparametric elements is presented. It is shown that, by variable placement of the side nodes between their original and singular positions, the point of singularity sensed by the element can be controlled. The transition elements have a strain singularity outside their domain. The singular and non-singular elements are elements are special cases of the general mapping. The transition elements, together with the singular isoparametric elements, can be used for solving crack problems.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100310
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  • 47
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    Some geometric problems related to fracture-control in complex structures (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the design of members with flaws, it is necessary to keep the stress intensity factor K of any sharp crack below the fracture toughness Kcr of the materials. Stress-intensity factor equations for the more common basic specimen geometries and various loading conditions are available in the literature. The application of these equations to complex structures involves geometric problems such as the identification of the outline of each member and the sizing of the equivalent specimen for each flaw. The paper gives a response to such difficulties.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100402
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  • 48
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    Modified simplex optimization program (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 303-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple, yet storage-effective ‘linear’ programming code is given. The assumption of non-negative variables is bypassed without increasing the size of the problem. Furthermore, the objective is allowed to be summed over not just linear, but also concave, functions. A specific truss topology optimization example is shown.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100405
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  • 49
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    Fourth-order difference method for quasilinear Poisson equation in cylindrical symmetry (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We propose in this paper a nine-point, fourth-order difference method for the numerical solution of the quasilinear Poisson equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ Au_{zz} + \frac{1}{r}u_r + Bu_{rr} = f\left({r,z,u,u_r,u_z} \right) $$\end{document} with appropriate boundary conditions. The method is based on five evaluations of f. The numerical results of four problems obtained using this method are listed. The results demonstrate the fourth-order accuracy of the method.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100403
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  • 50
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    Use of central-difference operators for solution of singularly perturbed problems (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Singularly perturbed second-order elliptic equations with boundary layers are considered. These may be considered as model problems for the advection of some quantity such as heat or a pollutant in a flow field or as linear approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations for fluid flow. Numerical methods composed of central-difference operators on special piece-wise-uniform meshes are constructed for the above problems. Numerical results are obtained which show that these methods give approximate solutions with error estimates that are independent of the singular perturbation parameter. An open theoretical problem is posed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100404
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    Superconvergent patch recovery of finite-element solution and a posteriori L2 norm error estimate (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 313-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the paper we present a superconvergent patch recovery technique for obtaining higher-order-accurate finite-element solutions and thus a postprocessed type of L2 norm error estimate. Two modifications make our procedure different from the one proposed by Zienkiewicz and Zhu (1992), in which higher-order-accurate derivatives of the finite-element solution at nodes are determined. Firstly, the recovery process is made for element, not for nodes. An ‘element patch’, which represents the union of an element under consideration and the surrounding elements, is introduced. Secondly, the local error estimate is calculated directly from the improved solution for this element. Numerical tests on both 1D and 2D model problems show that this method can provide an asymptotically exact a posteriori L2 norm error estimate if the used element possesses superconvergent points for the solutions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100406
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    Universal matrices with new infinite elements for quasiharmonic equation (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 321-331 
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    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new approach to developing serendipity quadrilateral infinite elements is presented. Using these elements universal matrices for quasiharmonic equation are developed. For a particular member of the family these matrices are independent of the size and shape of the element. Using these matrices the element stiffness matrix can be generated in a simpler manner by taking into account the size and shape of the element.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100407
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    Accelerated modified Newton-Raphson iteration-based finite-element solution of structural problems involving non-linear deformation behaviour (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new global secant relaxation (GSR)-method-based improvement procedure is used to improve the overall convergency performance of the modified Newton-Raphson iteration in carrying out the solution of discrete systems resulting from the finite-element discretization of a certain class of structural problems involving non-linear deformation behaviour.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100408
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    A simulation of free-surface electrohydrodynamic flow (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 339-353 
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    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Theoretical and experimental analysis of free-surface electrohydrodynamic flow is fragmented and incomplete. Simulation studies of this phenomenon are further limited by the inherent complexities in the modelling process. In this note a mathematical model is developed to analyse free-surface electrohydrodynamic flow in two dimensions, and preliminary results of the simulation are described. The configurations examined include electrified conducting surfaces, the dielectrophoretic forces, and a conducting jet. The simulation is compared with analytical results in the first two investigations and is shown to be quite accurate. In the last simulation it is demonstrated that in the initial formation of a conducting jet, a 10 per cent increase in applied voltage results in about a 10 per cent increase in fluid velocity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100409
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    Conference diary (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100410
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    Announcements (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 359-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100411
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    Masthead (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100501
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    Improvement on dual reciprocity boundary element method for equations with convective terms (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 361-371 
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    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The dual reciprocity boundary element method, first proposed by Nardini and Brebbia (1982, 1985), is a powerful technique for solving elliptic partial differential equations. Adopting this approach, a singular volume integral, which needs to be evaluated with a traditional boundary element method, can be converted into a boundary integral. However, when the governing equation is of a certain type, this conversion fails due to the singularities being introduced inside the physical domain and on the boundary arising by differentiating distance functions. We avoid these artificially created singularities by constructing a transformation which leads to improved numerical results.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100502
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    A direct solver for the least-squares problem arising from GMRES(k) (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 743-749 
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    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This is a study about one of the core questions in the GMRES(k) method regarding the obtaining of vector yk for the least-squares problem, argminy |Hky - β(n)e1|2 (see Saad and Schultz1). We propose a simple but efficient approach to the resolution of this problem and a low cost computation of the residual and the residual norm, including both in a complete and detailed FGMRES(k) algorithm. The whole algorithm of minimization only involves two backward substitutions with triangular matrices and a dot product. The residual and the residual norm are computed, making use of results in the least-squares problem.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100909
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    Conference diary (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 759-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100911
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    Announcements (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994), S. 761-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640100912
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  • 62
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    Masthead (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640101001
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  • 63
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    Adnan Saleh (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070108
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    Editorial (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 75-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070202
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  • 65
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    Characteristics of the general rectangular 2D-TLM network (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 127-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper the traditional square mesh 2D-TLM algorithm is generalized for rectangular meshes of arbitrary aspect ratio. It is shown that the anisotropic rectangular TLM network can be conceived in such a way that the propagation vector remains independent of the direction of propagation in the infinitesimal approximation. A full dispersion analysis of the rectangular mesh in then performed for the general case, and results are compared to that of the traditional square mesh.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070206
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  • 66
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    Integral equation formulation of radiation from rectangular waveguides and horns (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 155-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The radiation field patterns of rectangular waveguides and horns of finite dimensions are obtained numerically. The electric field integral equation is formulated to relate their radiation patterns to the surface current distribution. These currents are determined numerically by reducing the integral equation to a matrix equation, using the moment method. The computed currents are then used to calculate the radiation patterns and cross-polar fields of the finite wavegiudes and horns. The method is numerically efficient and can be applied to the computation and optimization of the antenna feed configurations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070303
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    The modelling and the electromagnetic scattering from bifurcated open-ended cavities (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Ray-besed methods have been previously developed for accurately predicting the electromagnetic scattering from cavity interiors that allowed for realistic modelling of complex cavities such as jet engine inlets. An analytic geometric model is developed for bifurcated cavities based on connecting sections of generalized super-ellipse functions. The electromagnetic scattering from such cavities using the ‘shooting and bouncing rays’ (SBR) method is discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070304
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  • 68
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    FDTD analysis of crosstalk in multilayer printed circuits (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 209-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A theoretical analysis has been developed to study the crosstalk in crossed bundles of parallel lines. The model is based on the theory of the coupled transmission lines and the resulting system of differential equations has been solved by means of the finite difference, time-domain (FDTD) method. The frequency response of the network has been achieved by the discrete fourier transform (DFT) algorithm; measurements, performed with a vectorial network analyser, show a good agreement with numerical simulation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070308
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  • 69
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    3-D edge element analysis of dielectric loaded resonant cavities (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The eigenmodes in electromagnetic cavities, loaded with arbitrarily shaped dielectric materials, are computed by the edge element method. The computation shows that the well known ‘spurious modes’ no longer appear. Formulae are given and verified so that the number of zero eigenvalues, which come from ∇ × H = 0, may be accurately predicted. Formulae for the order and density of the global matrices are given for a rectangular cavity regularly divided into bricks and tetrahedra, allowing an associated comparison between the contrasting edge and nodal element formulations. Comparison of the computed results with available theoretical and previously published data show the edge element approach to be a robust, accurate and effective method.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070105
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    Harmonic balance method applied to the numerical electrical physical modelling of two-terminal, non-linear microwave circuits in the frequency domain (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 253-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A numerical frequence-domain modelling of two-terminal, non-linear microwave circuits is presented. It basically relies on a process allowing the solution of the frequency-domain curcuit harmonic balance equations while accounting for the semiconductor device by means of an accurate numerical macroscopic physical model. In its present state of development, the model allows the study of a single two-terminal device circuit operating in harmonic mode. Its capabilites are illustrated by means of the results of a study devoted to the optimization of the load curcuit configuration of a millimetre-wave avalanche diode frequency multiplier. The influence of the output load impedance level on the circuit output RF performance has been investigated for different input power levels in direct frequency multiplication mode and in the presence of additional circuit tunings at low harmonic rank idler frequencies.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070404
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    Masthead (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070501
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    A non-linear and distributed modelling procedure of fets (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a rigorous and systematic procedure to derive a non-linear distributed FET model that an easily be implemented in CAD routines of simulators based on harmonic balance techniques. The new model is derived from a knowldge of the conventional linear lumped equivalent circuit, from non-linear current sources extracted with pulsed measurements, and from the physical dimensions of the FET.For fundamental and haromonic requencies, the FET is modelled by N identical cells. Each cell is made up of a non-linear two-port section inserted between two linear four-port sections that simulate the coupling and the distributed effects along the electrodes of the FET in the width direction only. This non-linear distributed scaling approach to FET modelling has been applied to the analysis of a submicrometre-gate GaAs FET at Millimetre-wave frequencies, and the results were compared to the non-linear lumped element approach. This approach can be applied to other transistors used in non-linear regions at microwave and millimetre-wave frequencies.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070502
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    Calls for papers (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 375-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070508
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    Erratum (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. ii 
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    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070602
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    Symbolic approach to inverse problems in method of moments (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Symbolic computational systems introduce some unique features in computational engineering. There have been several papers published on the solution of differential equations under given boundary conditions by symbolic systems. The finite element formalism has received prime attention in the course of development of symbolic computation in engineering. The main idea has been to develop a symbolic FEM package to reduce the burden of manual algebra, eliminate errors introduced by numerical quadrature, and improve the efficiency of element generation.This work discusses a symbolic solution to electromagnetic linear antenna problems. The solution is a method of moments that transforms Pocklington's integral equation to a matrix equation. The symbolic system is used to produce (1) analytical integration, (2) the parametric expression for the input impedance and (3) computational code for forward and reverse problem of the input impedance.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070604
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    A Laplace domain finite element method (LDFEM) applied to diffusion and propagation problems in electrical engineering (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 419-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a new finite element formulation in the Laplace domain for both diffusion and wave equations with applications in the field of electrical engineering. With the aid of congruence transformation of matrices, the finite element equations in the Laplace domain are solved and time-domain results can be obtained through the inverse Laplace transform. In a test problem, good agreement between the numerical results derived with the present method and the analytical solutions has been found. For applications in which only Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are involved, this new finite element approach can be applied and provide both frequency-domain and time-domain results in one run without any timestepping scheme. The limitations of using the congruence transformation in solving propagation problems are also addressed in this paper.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070606
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    Numerical analysis of discontinuities in a rectangular waveguide loaded with isotropic or anisotropic obstacles by means of the coupled-mode method and the mode-matching method (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 7 (1994), S. 433-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A hybrid method obtained as a combination of the coupled-mode method (CMM) and the mode-matching method (MMM) is developed and applied in the analysis of multiple dielectric and magnetic discontinuities in rectangular waveguides. As both are moment methods, some kind of truncation has to be carried out in the computer implementation. It is shown that selection of a different number of modes in the two methods is not necessary, unless low-permittivity meida inside the waveguide are considered. As a consequence, the procedure for slecting the number of basis functions is only done in one of the methods. Numerical examples are presented showing the behaviour of the method and the proofs of convergence. Examples are included illustrating the power of this hybrid technique, especially in relation to non-reciprocal structures containing magnetized ferrites.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660070607
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    Different tumorigenicity of cell clones derived from stromal fibroblasts of human colon cancer xenografts (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 118 (1994), S. 879-882 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: fibroblasts ; xenografts ; thymus-free animals ; transformation ; immortalization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The tumorigenicity of cell clones derived from fibroblast lines isolated from colon cancer xenografts is studied in thymus-free animals. During cloning of the cell line obtained from the 3rd passage of the xenograft about 20% of the clones proved to be nontumorigenic, whereas such cells were not found in the line obtained from the 89th passage. Cytogenetic analysis of nontumorigenic clones revealed monosomy for the 13th chromosome with no alterations in the other chromosome pairs. Hybridization for the presence of Alu sequences was negative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02444455
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    An algorithm for the optimization of directionally stretched triangulations (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 1481-1497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A procedure for the optimization of stretched triangular grids is described. The method is based on the construction and minimization of a function that represents a generalized version for stretched grids of a non-linear spring system. The function is minimized using a gradient method based on the steepest descent. Examples are provided to show the applicability of the method to computational fluid dynamics problems.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370905
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    Optimum application of the multigrid method in generating body-fitted co-ordinates (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 1465-1480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Multigrid method is used to accelerate the convergence of the numerical solution of the set of partial differential equations for generating the Body-Fitted Co-ordinate system (BFC) for both simply and doubly connected domain problems. The multigrid method is based on the full approximation scheme with bilinear interpolation as prolongation operator. The other components of the multigrid method such as the relaxation method, restriction operator, number of relaxation sweeps per cycle and direction of relaxation sweeps are varied with a view to obtaining the general principle in implementing an efficient multigrid algorithm for the generation of the BFCs.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370904
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    Node and element resequencing using the Laplacian of a finite element graph: Part II - Implementation and numerical results (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 1531-1555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In Part I of this work, Paulino et al.1 have presented an algorithm for profile and wavefront reduction of large sparse matrices of symmetric configuration. This algorithm is based on spectral properties of a Finite Element Graph (FEG), An FEG has been defined as a nodal graph G, a dual graph G* or a communication graph G· associated with a generic finite element mesh. The novel algorithm has been called Spectral FEG Resequencing (SFR). This algorithm has specific features that distinguish it from previous algorithms. These features include (1) use of global information in the graph, (2) no need of a pseudoperipheral vertex or the endpoints of a pseudodiameter, and (3) no need of any type of level structure of the FEG. To validate this algorithm in a numerical sense, extensive computational testing on a variety of problems is presented here. This includes algorithmic performance evaluation using a library of benchmark test problems which contains both connected and non-connected graphs, study of the algebraic connectivity (λ2) of an FEG, eigensolver convergence verification, running time performance evaluation and assessment of the algorithm on a set of practical finite element examples. It is shown that the SFR algorithm is effective in reordering nodes and/or elements of generic finite element meshes. Moreover, it computes orderings which compare favourably with the ones obtained by some previous algorithms that have been published in the technical literature.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370908
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    The benefits of parallel multibody simulation (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 1557-1572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: To exploit the benefits of parallel computer architectures for multibody system simulation, an interdisciplinary approach has been pursued, combining knowledge of the three disciplines of dynamics, numerical mathematics and computer science. An analysis of the options available for the formulation and numerical solution of the dynamical system equations yielded a surprising result. A method initially proposed to solve the inverse problem of dynamics is the best choice to generate the system equations required for solving the simulation problem, when relying on implicit integration routines. Such routines have the particular advantage of handling stiff systems, too. The new O(N)-residual formalism, generating the system equations in a form required for implicit numerical integration, has a high potential to benefit from parallel computer architectures. Two strategies of medium and coarse grain parallelization have been implemented on a Transputer network to obtain a package for parallel multibody simulation. An analysis of the performance of this package demonstrates for typical multibody simulation problems that the new code is five times faster than existing codes when implemented on a serial computer. An additional speed-up by the same order of magnitude is obtained when the code is implemented on a Transputer network.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370909
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    A finite volume format for structural mechanics (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 181-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general Finite Volume Method (FVM) for the analysis of structural problems is presented. It is shown that the FVM can be considered to be a particular case of finite elements with a non-Galerkin weighting. For structural analysis this can readily be interpreted as equivalent to the unit displacement method which involves mainly surface integrals. Both displacement and mixed FV formulations are presented for static and dynamic problems.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370202
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    Element-free Galerkin methods (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 229-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An element-free Galerkin method which is applicable to arbitrary shapes but requires only nodal data is applied to elasticity and heat conduction problems. In this method, moving least-squares interpolants are used to construct the trial and test functions for the variational principle (weak form); the dependent variable and its gradient are continuous in the entire domain. In contrast to an earlier formulation by Nayroles and coworkers, certain key differences are introduced in the implementation to increase its accuracy. The numerical examples in this paper show that with these modifications, the method does not exhibit any volumetric locking, the rate of convergence can exceed that of finite elements significantly and a high resolution of localized steep gradients can be achieved. The moving least-squares interpolants and the choices of the weight function are also discussed in this paper.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370205
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    Large deflection inelastic pseudo-transient analysis of laminated composite plates (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 37-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A pseudo-transient (static) linear, geometric, material and combined geometric and material non-linear analyses of composite laminates are presented. A nine-noded isoparametric quadrilateral finite element belonging to the Lagrangiar family is used in space discretization. An explicit time marching scheme is employed for time integration of the resulting discrete ordinary differential equations with the special forms of diagonal fictitious mass and/or damping matrices. Elasto-plastic material behaviour is incorporated using the flow theory of plasticity. In particular, a modified version of Hill's initial yield criterion is used in which anisotropy parameters of plasticity are introduced. The shear deformation is accounted for by assuming a constant transverse shear strain across the thickness of the laminate and the geometric non-linearity is considered in the sense of von Karman strains. The layered element approach is adopted for the treatment of plastic behaviour through the thickness. A wide range of numerical examples is presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the present approach. The results for combined non-linearity are also presented. The variety of results presented here, which are based on realistic material properties of often-used advanced laminated composite plates, and especially those for combined non-linear analysis, should serve as a reference for future investigations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370104
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    A variationally coupled FE-BE method for transient problems (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 91-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A variationally coupled finite element-boundary element method is developed for transient problems. A single variational statement is obtained for the entire domain and the unknown tractions, which may be discontinuous on the interface and are often a source of difficulties, are eliminated. Moreover, no interface conditions need be taken into consideration at the level of the discretized equation. The discrete equations for the coupled system can be obtained directly without any intermediate steps. The method generalizes a coupling method previously developed by the authors for statics. Numerical examples show that the solutions obtained by the present method agree very well with those obtained by analytical solutions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370107
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    An accurate shear-deformable six-node triangular plate element for laminated composite structures (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 431-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A six-node triangle plate/shell element is developed for the analysis of laminated composite structures. This model is formulated using Hamilton's principle along with a first-order (Reissner/Mindlin) shear deformation theory. The element is based upon an isoparametric representation along with an interdependent interpolation strategy; bicubic polynomials for the transverse displacement and biquadratic polynomials for the element geometry, in-plane displacements and rotations. The resulting element, which is evaluated using exact numerical integration, has correct rank and is free of shear ‘locking’. Numerical results are presented that validate the new element and prove its outstanding convergence capabilities in comparison to existing triangular elements using standardized test problems (elastic eigenvalue analysis, patch test, static simply supported square-plate solutions) and experimentally measured vibration data of cantilevered isotropic and composite plates.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370305
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    Stability of collapsed 8-node 2-D and 20-node 3-D isoparametric finite elements (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 475-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The collapse of ordinary finite elements to generate the desired strain singularity at the crack tip for fracture mechanics applications can lead to unwanted additional singularities in that area. Although neither the quarter-point nor the half-point 8-node two-dimensional (2-D) and 20-node three-dimensional (3-D) elements exhibit this behaviour, the present article proves that arbitrarily small deviations from the quarter-point element can be constructed which do have additional singularities. Since the general behaviour of the half-point element is not affected by small modifications, this element is better suited to match complex body geometries.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370307
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    Conference diary (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 537-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370310
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    Superconvergent patch recovery with equilibrium and conjoint interpolant enhancements (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 517-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The superconvergent patch derivative recovery method of Zienkiewicz and Zhu is enhanced by adding the squares of the residuals of the equilibrium equation and natural boundary conditions. In addition, a new conjoint polynomial for interpolating the local patch stresses over the element which significantly improves the local projection scheme is presented. Results show that in the 4-node quadrilateral, the equilibrium and boundary condition residuals usually improve accuracy but not the rate of convergence, whereas in the 9-node quadrilateral, results are mixed. The conjoint polynomial always improves the accuracy of the derivative field within the element as compared to the standard nodal interpolation, particularly in 4-node quadrilaterals.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370309
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    A quadrilateral hybrid stress element for Mindlin plates based on incompatible displacements (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 279-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An hybrid stress element formulation based on internal, incompatible displacements is used to develop efficient Mindlin plate elements. The 4-node quadrilateral Mindlin plate element is derived from a modified energy functional. Both displacements and stresses are defined in the natural co-ordinate interpolation system. The assumed stress field is obtained by tensor transformation and so chosen as to ensure that the element is co-ordinate invariant and stable. Shear locking is avoided through an appropriate identification of the internal, incompatible displacement field. The role played by incompatible displacements in the formulation of hybrid stress elements for thin and moderately thick plates is discussed. Numerical applications are presented to illustrate the accuracy and reliability of the suggested Mindlin plate element.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370207
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    A comparison of Lanczos and optimization methods in the partial solution of sparse symmetric eigenproblems (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 605-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the present paper, we analyse the computational performance of the Lanczos method and a recent optimization technique for the calculation of the p (p ≤ 40) leftmost eigenpairs of generalized symmetric eigenproblems arising from the finite element integration of elliptic PDEs. The accelerated conjugate gradient method is used to minimize successive Rayleigh quotients defined in deflated subspaces of decreasing size. The pointwise Lanczos scheme is employed in combination with both the Cholesky factorization of the stiffness matrix and the preconditioned conjugate gradient method for evaluating the recursive Lanczos vectors. The three algorithms are applied to five sample problems of varying size up to almost 5000. The numerical results show that the Lanczos approach with Cholesky triangularization is generally faster (up to a factor of 5) for small to moderately large matrices, while the optimization method is superior for large problems in terms of both storage requirement and CPU time. In the large case, the Lanczos-Cholesky scheme may be very expensive to run even on modern quite powerful computers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370405
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    A new eight-node quadrilateral shear-bending plate finite element (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 387-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new eight-node quadrilateral shear-bending Reissner-Mindlin plate finite element for the very thin and thick plates without locking and spurious zero-energy modes is presented. The element has very good convergence characteristics both for thin and thick plates, is hardly insensitive to mesh distortions, and passes the patch tests. The formulation of the element is derived from a displacement variational principle and some general criteria to compute inconsistent transverse shear strains. These criteria have been applied with success to four- and eight-node quadrilateral plate finite elements and could be applied to construct triangular elements. The eight-node quadrilateral shear-bending plate finite element proposed has been found to be very efficient.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370303
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    A unified theory for formulation of hybrid stress membrane elements (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 457-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A theory is proposed in this paper to explain, in a unified manner, the three rational approaches using the incompatible displacements uλ in the hybrid element formulation. Limited to the plane stress case, the theory suggests that the introduction of uλ is to constrain the total value of the invariant I2(= σxσy - τxy2) of the assumed stresses over the element to zero. In the plane stress case, this is the well-known condition for the stress distributions to be independent of the elastic constants of the material. The theory proposed is also used to explain the closeness of the performances of the four 4-node hybrid stress membrane elements, 5β-I, 5β-II, 5β-A and 5β-C, that have been developed previously. The differences among them are shown to be of the second degree in the distortion measures of the element shape, when they are compared on the basis of the non-vanishing total value of I2 of their respectively adopted assumed stress field. Several numerical examples are used to verify and to illustrate the proposed theory.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370306
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    Masthead (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620370401
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    The use of Stokes' fundamental solution for the boundary only element formulation of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for moderate Reynolds numbers (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 1825-1840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a boundary element formulation for the permanent Navier-Stokes equations in which the well-known closed-form fundamental solution for the steady Stokes equations is employed. In this way, from the integral representation formulae for the Stokes' equations, an integral equation is found in which the original non-linear convective terms of the Navier-Stokes equations appear as a domain integral. Additionally, the method of dual reciprocity is used to transform the domain integral to boundary integrals (this method is closely related to the method of particular integrals also used in the literature to transform domain integrals to boundary integrals). Numerical results are presented for the three-dimensional internal flow in a cylindrical container with a rotating cover, in which the accuracy of the method is shown.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620371104
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    An intrinsic beam model based on a helicoidal approximation - Part II: Linearization and finite element implementation (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 2291-2309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The helicoidal beam model developed in the first part of this work is applied here to the development of a mixed finite element for space-curved and twisted beams undergoing large displacements and finite rotations. Starting from the governing weak form expressed by the principle of virtual work, a consistent linearization is obtained in the following and a novel updated Lagrangian finite element implementation is thoroughly discussed.The unique features and the distinguishing properties previously claimed for the helicoidal model are shown here to imply remarkable numerical consequences. For this purpose, meaningful example problems regarding the non-linear static response of beams are addressed in the following and the results are compared with those available from the literature.Furthermore, a finite element in time for the rigid body dynamic problem is developed within the framework of the helicoidal geometry. The underlying philosophy of this novel finite element for dynamics is the realization of the helicoidal decomposition of the rigid body motion within a time step.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620371309
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620371401
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shape optimization in frictionless contact problems (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 2311-2335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element approach for shape optimization in two-dimensional (2-D) frictionless contact problems is presented in this work. The goal is to find the shape that gives a constant distribution of stresses along the contact boundary.The whole formulation, including mathematical model for the unilateral problem, sensitivity analysis and geometry definition is treated in a continuous form, independently of the discretization in finite elements. Shape optimization is performed by direct modification of geometry through B-spline curves and an automatic mesh generator is used at each new configuration to provide the finite element input data for numerical analysis and sensitivity computations. Using augmented-Lagrangian techniques (to solve the contact problem) and an interior-point mathematical-programming algorithm (for shape optimization), we obtain several results reported at the end of the article.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620371310
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conference diary (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 2337-2338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620371311
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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