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  • 2000-2004  (378)
  • 1985-1989  (6,723)
  • General Chemistry  (5,463)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (1,638)
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  • 201
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Endoperoxides ; Cycloheptatriene ; Dichloroketene ; Singlet oxygen ; Cobalt ; Porphyrins ; Furans ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -CoII-tetraphenylporphyrin-catalyzed decomposition of bicyclic endoperoxides 4 and 5 with a strained double bond moiety has been studied. Compounds 4 and 5 have been synthesized by photooxygenation of 3 which itself was obtained by dichloroketene addition to cycloheptatriene, followed by removal of the chlorine atoms. An unusual decomposition mode of 4 promoted by CoII-TPP resulted in the formation of 8 and 9 which are important building blocks in furofuran systems.
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  • 202
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 1373-1373 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -No Abstract.
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  • 203
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Thiolato-bridged complexes ; Iron ; Ruthenium ; Mixed-valent compounds ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of [FeIIIL] with [RuIICl2(dmso)4] in methanol under argon, affords, upon addition of NaPF6, brown crystals of [LFeRuFeL](PF6)2· 3 CH3OH (1). Its one-electron oxidation product [LFeRuFeL](PF6)3 (2) [L = 1,4,7-(4-tert-butyl-2-mercaptobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane] was generated by using one equivalent of [NO]BF4. The crystal structure determination of [LFeRuFeL](BPh4)2· CH3CN · 3 (CH3)2CO shows that 1 contains a trinuclear, face-sharing thiolato-bridged dication. Mössbauer spectroscopy established that the oxidation state distribution of 1 can best be described by Fe2.5RuIIIFe2.5 and 2 by FeIIIRuIIIFeIII. Complex 1 possesses a diamagnetic (St = 0) and 2 an St = 1/2 ground state. The electronic structures of 1 and 2 are rationalized by an MO picture involving Fe-Ru metal-metal bonds of bond order 0.5 in both species. Complex 1 is formally a mixed valence compound with complete delocalization of the “excess electron” (class III).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 204
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Platinum ; Uracil ; Nucleobase ; Host-guest chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The open “molecular box” [(en)Pt(U-N1,N3)]4 (1) (where en = ethylenediamine, U = uracil dianion) is able to act as an efficient ligand for additional metal ions. Reactions of the 1,3-alternate conformer of 1 with divalent metal ions result in the formation of octanuclear compounds of the general formula [(en)Pt(U-N1,N3,O2,O4)M]4X8 [M = Cu2+, X = Cl (2a), X = (SO4)0.5 (2b), and M = Co2+ (3), Ni2+ (4), Zn2+ (5) with X = (SO4)0.5], in which the heterometals are bound at the exocyclic oxygen atoms of the uracil nucleobases. The structurally characterized heteronuclear compounds show a 1,3-alternate arrangement of the uracil nucleobases. Pt-M contacts are in the range 2.743(2)-2.804(2) Å; the Pt atoms act as weak σ donors to the heterometals. In spite of the high degree of positive charge associated with compounds 2a-5, they do not behave as hosts for anions. This is a consequence of the orientation of the four nucleobases which, in contrast to a cone arrangement, does not produce a sufficiently large cavity for the incorporation of anions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 205
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 165-168 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Arsenic ; Imino compound ; Hydrazinoiminoarsane ; Aminoiminoarsane ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dehydrohalogenation of (2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenylamino)chloro[tris(trimethylsilyl)hydrazino]arsane (3) or [tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)amino]chloro(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenylamino)arsane (4) with DBU yields novel stable compounds containing an As-N double bond, (2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenylimino)[tris(trimethylsilylhydrazino]arsane) (5) and [tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)amino](2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenylimino)arsane (6). The structure of 5 was confirmed by an X-ray structure determination.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 206
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Cobalt(III) ; Dithionate ; Trithionate ; Sulfato ligand ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crystal structures of amminehalocobalt(III) compounds with di- or trithionate anions have been determined in order to know whether they interact to adopt specific molecular packing patterns and whether di- and trithionate anions undergo the S-S bond cleavage reactions as has been found for the S4O62- ion. In the structures of p-[Co(tren)(NH3)Cl]S2O6·H2O (1) and t-[Co(tren)(NH3)Cl]S2O6 (2), the configurational differences in the cations dictate the hydrogen-bonding pattern with the dithionate anion to lead to racemic structures. cis-[Co(en)2(NH3)Br]S3O6 (3) also crystallizes in a racemic space group P21/c in which the ions form a macrocyclic hydrogen-bonded network. Aqueous solutions of S3O62- and p-[Co(tren)(NH3)Cl]2+ produce p-[Co(tren)(NH3)(OSO3)]ClO4 (4) which is believed to be derived from the hydrolytic cleavage of S-S bond in the trithionate anion. These results reinforce our previous observation of the S-S cleavage reactions for the tetrathionate anion.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 207
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 195-203 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Acid derivatives ; Cyclen and cyclam derivatives ; Phosphinic acid ; Potentiometry ; Protonation and stability constants ; 31P-NMR titration ; Hydrogen bonding ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two phenylphosphinic acid derivatives of tetraaza macrocycles, (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanetetrayl)tetrakis(methylene)tetrakis(phenylphosphinic acid) [(H4L1) and (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecanetetrayl)tetrakis(methylene)tetrakis(phenylphosphinic acid)] (H4L2), were synthesised and the crystal structures of H4L2 and its bis(1-adamantylammonium) salt were determined. In both the structures, the ring conformation is virtually the same and is stabilised by hydrogen bonds. Protonation constants of the acids and stability constants of their Zn2+ and Cd2+ complexes were determined pH-metrically at 25 °C and at an ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm-3 (KNO3). The pKA values found for both the compounds are lower than those for their carboxylic analogues and correspond to the expected electron-withdrawing ability of the -P(Ph)O2H moiety. The value pK1 of the last dissociation constant of H4L1 is surprisingly high. The complexes of Zn2+ and Cd2+ with (L1)4- and (L2)4- are less stable than those with other similar ligands, which is in accordance with lower overall basicity of H4L1 and H4L2. A pronounced drop in the stability of the complexes of H4L2 can be explained by partial coordination of the ligand to the metal ions. The solution properties of the ligands were also investigated by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The spectra observed suggest stable (on the NMR time scale) conformations of the protonated ligands in solution. A comparison of NMR spectra in solution and CP/MAS-NMR spectra indicates that the structures of the conformers roughly correspond to the structures observed in the solid state. The conformations are stabilised by intramolecular hydrogen bonds and by hydrophobic interactions of phenylphosphinic moieties. The conformers are stable even at 90 °C, but not in the presence of complexing metal ions.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under -//_/_http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/2000/99149_s.pdf or from the author.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 208
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 217-224 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Reaction mechanisms ; Cyclopalladation ; Acetic acid ; Pd-C bond stability ; Polynuclear species ; Palladium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The processes operating during the synthetic cyclopalladation reactions of imines in acetic acid have been studied from a kinetico-mechanistic point of view. These reactions include a fast initial coordination to the palladium through the N-donor atom of the imine, followed by the proper C-H bond activation to produce the acetato bridged dimeric species. At this point, the lability of the bridging acetato groups, the hydrolysis of the C-Pd bonds, and/or the hydrolysis of C=N exo bonds contribute to the generation of dark red polynuclear compounds. The processes occurring after the C-H activation have been followed kinetically, both from palladium acetate plus imine, and the synthetically pure isolated acetato dimers as starting materials. The kinetic and activation parameters have been found identical within experimental error whatever the starting material was (k323 = 1.5 × 10-4 s-1; ΔH# = 51 kJ mol-1; ΔS# = -163 JK-1 mol-1 ΔV# = +19 cm3 mol-1 for the 4-ClC6H4-CH=N-CH2-C6H5 imine derivative 1a). Acidolysis of C-Pd bonds has been found to occur in these polynuclear species. When alternative monomeric Cbenzylic-Pd bond-containing complexes are possible follow ups of the reactions produce them as final dead-end complexes (k323 = 2.2 × 10-5 s-1; ΔH# = 61 kJ mol-1; ΔS# = JK-1 mol-1 ΔV# ≈ 0 cm3 cm-1 for the [2,4,6-(CH3)3]C6H2-CH=N-CH2-[2-(CH3]C6[H4] imine derivative 3d). The same study has been carried out with primary amines in order to check the validity of the data if C=N bond hydrolysis is taking place in the imine derivatives with exo C=N bonds. For complexes with similar type of metallacycles, the results agree reasonably well with the proposed mechanism [k323 = 1.2·10-4 s-1, ΔH# = 46 kJ·mol-1, ΔS# = -180 J·K-1mol-1, ΔV# = -16 cm3·mol-1 for the polynuclear formation of the C6H5-CH2-NH2 derivative 4e; k323 = 3.0·10-4 s-1, ΔH# = 55 kJ·mol-1, ΔS
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 209
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 1507-1516 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Nucleosides ; Nucleosides ; Radical reactions ; Hydrogen transfer ; CH-π interaction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---A new approach to the synthesis of nucleoside analogs has been developed, which involves initial chemo- and regioselective cohalogenation of 1-N-vinylpyrimidinediones 10a,b using N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of variously substituted propargylic alcohols. Radical carbocyclization of the resulting β-bromo propargylic ethers 17-22 then leads to 3-methylenetetrahydrofurans 23-26. In such cyclizations, different reactivities have been observed for diastereomers 22a,b obtained by cohalogenation with (R)-1-benzyloxybut-3-yn-2-ol; although the expected anti 3-methylenetetrahydrofurans 27a,b were obtained, the syn diastereomers 28a,b were only the minor constituents of a mixture in which bicyclonucleosides 29a,b were the major components. The formation of 29a,b results from a 1,6-hydrogen transfer followed by cyclization, which might be favored by a CH-π interaction in radical intermediate synII.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 210
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 1517-1520 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Electrochemistry ; Regioselectivity ; Solvent effects ; o-Quinone imines ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The electrochemical reduction-Bamberger substitution of 2-nitroanisole in 1 M H2SO4 yields predominantly 2,5-dimethoxyaniline, not the expected 2,4-isomer. The selectivity was found to be acid- and solvent-dependent, with lower acidity and less polar solvents favoring the formation of 2,4-dimethoxyaniline during galvanostatic electrolysis. A mechanistic working hypothesis involving an ortho-quinone monoimine dication is presented to direct further synthetic studies.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 211
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Ketones ; Steroids ; Synthetic methods ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The synthesis of a new progestomimetic steroid, analogous to the cetaloxopromegestone precursor of Trimegestone has been carried out in eight steps from 9α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione. This latter compound can be obtained from the fermentation of γ-sitosterol, a sterol extracted from soya bean oil.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 212
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Catalytic hydrogenation ; Ruthenium complexes ; Sulfoxides ; Sulfoxides ; Asymmetric induction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The diastereoselective catalytic hydrogenation of β-keto sulfoxides in the presence of ruthenium complexes was studied. Optically pure β-keto sulfoxides were hydrogenated in the presence of achiral catalysts leading to moderate yields and stereoselectivities. Using chiral ruthenium catalysts such as [(R)-MeO-BIPHEPRuBr2] and [(S)-MeO-BIPHEPRuBr2], the hydrogenation proceeded in good yields with very high diastereoselectivity. Chirality at the secondary centre of the β-hydroxy sulfoxides produced was controlled by the catalysts.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 213
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Cyclophanes ; Myricanone ; Diaryls ; C-C coupling ; Dinitriles ; Condensation reactions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The syntheses of the diaryls 14 and 21, substituted by two ω-cyanoalkyl chains (one on each ring), are described. Treatment of the unsymmetrical diaryl 14 with NaN(Me)Ph in a Thorpe-Ziegler reaction failed to give any definite product. Under the same conditions the symmetrical diaryl 21 led to an isomeric mixture of dimeric enaminonitriles 24. Mild acidic hydrolysis of the latter yielded the isomeric β-ketonitriles 25, whereas more drastic hydrolytic conditions led to the macrocyclic diketone 26.
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  • 214
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper ; Magnetic properties ; Supramolecular chemistry ; Three-dimensional architecture ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel three-dimensional copper(II) compound of the formula [Cu3(btre)5(H2O)2](ClO4)6·H2O (btre = 1,2-bis(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)ethane) has been synthesized. The structure has been solved at 150 K by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The compound [C30H44Cu3N30O2·6(ClO4)·H2O] crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1bar with a = 12.488(1), b = 13.195(1), c = 19.756(2) Å, α = 78.959(8), β = 84.553(8), γ = 63.869(7)°, V = 2868.4(5) Å3, Z = 2 (trinuclear CuII units), 6484 reflections [I 〉 4σ(Ι)], RF = 0.0581, wR2 = 0.1214. The structure of this coordination polymer consists of a three-dimensional network built up from linear trinuclear CuII cations of formula [Cu3(btre)5(H2O)2]6+. This crystallographically independent unit comprises a linear array of three CuII ions linked by triple N1,N2-1,2,4-triazole bridges, yielding Cu1-Cu2 = 3.893(1) Å and Cu2-Cu3 = 3.889(1) Å. These linear trinuclear CuII units are linked by various pathways involving tridentate and tetradentate bridging btre ligands, which yields an unprecedented three-dimensional network. The CuII ions are weakly antiferromagnetically coupled with J = -1.01(2) cm-1 (based on the Hamiltonian: H = -J[SCu1·SCu2 + SCu2·SCu3] using the expression for the molar magnetic susceptibility S = 1/2 of a linear trinuclear system). The nature and the magnitude of the antiferromagnetic exchange have been discussed on the basis of the structural features.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 215
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Metal-rich antimonides ; Magnetism ; Structure and bonding ; Conductivity ; LMTO ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title compounds can be synthesized in quantitative yields by arc-melting of stoichiometric amounts of HfSb2, Hf and one of the 3d metals V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. These antimonides crystallize in a substitution variant of the W5Si3 type, in which one position is statistically mixed, occupied by the 3d metal atom M or the Sb2 atom in different ratios. Within the linear (M,Sb) chain, the M:Sb ratio may vary between 3:1 and 2:3. According to calculations of the electronic structures of Hf10MδSb6-δ with δ = 1, these phases are metallic compounds stabilized by strong Hf-Hf, Hf-M, and Hf-Sb bonds, and to a smaller extent by bonding interactions within the linear (M,Sb) chain. The metallic character was confirmed by measurements of the electrical resistivity and the magnetism of selected samples. Whereas Pauli paramagnetism was observed experimentally for M = V, Co, and Ni, Hf10FeSb5 is apparently the only phase with localized magnetic moments and magnetic coupling. This is in agreement with the magnetic ground state obtained solely for the ordered structure model of Hf10FeSb5 with spin-polarized calculation within the local spin density approximation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 216
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 323-330 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Alkynes ; Ferrocene ; Palladium ; Catalysis ; Bioorganometallic chemistry ; Biosensors ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This work describes a Pd-catalyzed coupling of ferrocene alkyne derivatives to iodo amino acids. Ferrocene carboxylic acid propargyl amides were easily obtained in high yield. The crystal structures of the propargyl amine derivative 3 and the 1,1-diethylpropargylamine derivative 4 have been determined by X-ray diffraction. Pd-catalyzed coupling to p-iodoanilide amino acids gave the corresponding ferrocene-labeled amino acid derivatives, which were easily purified by diethyl ether extraction in the case of the 1,1-diethyl derivatives 8. The coupling reaction did not require anhydrous solvents and tolerated a variety of functional groups present in peptides such as alcohols (8a, Ser), thioethers (8d, Met), disulfide bonds (cystine, 12) esters (as in the N-labeled Leu derivative 10) and of course amides. A minor by-product of the coupling reaction, namely the homo-dimer bis(ferrocene carboxylic acid propargylamide) 9, was identified in the crude reaction mixtures by mass spectrometry and independently synthesized by oxidative coupling (Glaser and Eglington) of 3. All new compounds were completely characterized spectroscopically, including 15N- and 2D NMR spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and electrochemistry. This work introduces a versatile procedure for a selective functionalization of amino acids with organometallics at the C-terminus which is expected to be of general applicability to peptide chemistry.
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  • 217
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 331-340 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Indenyl complexes ; Cyclopentadienyl complexes ; Molybdenocene ; Ring slippage ; Molybdenum ; DFT calculations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reduction of [IndCpMo(L)Br]Br (L = 1a, CO; 2, NCMe) with Cp2Co in the presence of two equivalents of the ligand L′ gives the ring-slipped neutral complexes [(η3-Ind)CpMoL′2] (L′ = 5, CO; 6, 1/2 dppe; 7, PMe3; 8, P(OMe)3; 9, CNtBu) in good yield. Products 7, 8, and 9, but not [IndCpMoL′], are also formed in the presence of only 1 equivalent of L′ in modest yields. In the case of the reduction of [IndCpMo(L)Br]Br [L = 2, NCMe; 3a, CNtBu; 4, P(OMe)3] mixtures of the complexes, [(η3-Ind)CpMoL2] (8, 9) and [(η5-Ind)CpMoL] [L = 11, P(OMe)3; 12, CNtBu] were obtained. The only product of formal type [(η5-Ind)CpMoL] that could be prepared by these methods was the alkyne complex [(η5-Ind)CpMo(η2-PhC≡CPh)] (10). These results contrast with the well-known reductions of similar bis-cyclopentadienyl cations [Cp2Mo(L)Br]+, which produce [Cp2MoL] complexes under the same conditions. The reduction of the dications [Cp2MoL2][BF4]2 [L = CO; P(OMe)3] with Cp2Co is now reported to afford the neutral complexes [CpMo(η3-C5H5)(CO)2] (13) and [Cp2Mo(P(OMe)3)] (14), respectively, showing that the stability of the ring-slipped complexes is dependent on the other ligands. From DFT and EHMO calculations used to probe the bonding and the energetics of these ring slippage processes it is concluded that weak π acceptor ligands favour η5-Ind → η3-Ind slippage and disfavour η5-Cp → η3-Cp slippage at the CpMoL2 fragment. Redox-induced ring slippages involve very similar energies for both indenyl and cyclopentadienyl complexes and should be able to produce more examples of the otherwise rare η3-Cp coordination mode.
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  • 218
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 351-358 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Aminophosphanes ; Palladium ; Alkylations ; Enantioselectivity ; Theoretical study ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various 4-(diphenylphosphanyl)-1-(dialkylamino)butane ligands were prepared from commercial (2S,3S)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-threitol. These ligands, associated with Pd2(dba)3, gave enantioselectivities of up to 75% in the alkylation of racemic 1,3-diphenylprop-2-enyl acetate with dimethyl malonate anion. A theoretical study shows the important role played by two factors in the alkylation reaction: steric control, leading to the formation of a unique diastereoisomer of the π-allylpalladium complex, and orbital control, which orients the attack of the nucleophile trans to the phosphorus atom.
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  • 219
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Alkenylcarbynes ; Dinuclear tungsten complexes ; Electrochemistry ; Tungsten NMR ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neutral trans-cyanide alkenylcarbyne complexes 2a and 2b have been prepared by reaction of the complex 1a and 1b with NaCN or [Bu4N]CN. The reaction of complexes 2a and 2b with an equimolar amount of the acetonitrile complexes 1a and 1b in CH2Cl2 leads to the cationic cyanide-bridged bis(alkenylcarbyne) di-tungsten complexes 3a-d. Diisocyanide-bridged bis(alkenylcarbyne) di-tungsten complexes 4a and 4b have been synthesized by the reaction of complexes 1a and 1b with 0.5 equivalents of the diisocyanide 1,4-(CN)2C6H4. IR as well as 1H-, 31P{1H}-, 13C{1H}-, and 183W-NMR data are reported. The spectroscopic data show that in the dinuclear complexes 3a-d, the bridging CN group and the alkenylcarbyne units are located in trans positions, while in the dinuclear complexes 4a and b, the isocyanide groups of the bridging ligand 1,4-(CN)2C6H4 and the two alkenylcarbyne moieties are cis. The 183W chemical shifts of complexes 2a, 2b, 3a-d, 4a, and 4b were obtained through two-dimensional indirect 31P, 183W NMR recording techniques. A downfield shifting of 183W resonances of the cyanide-bridged dinuclear complexes 3a-d with respect to the mononuclear ones, 2a and 2b, was observed. The δ183W of isocyanide bridging dinuclear complexes 4a and 4b appear at higher field than those of the corresponding mononuclear cyanide 2a and 2b in accordance with the higher π-acceptor electron properties of the isocyanide ligand. The electrochemical behaviour of all the complexes has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis in aprotic media and at a Pt (or vitreous C) electrode. Complexes 1, 2, or 3 undergo multi-electron irreversible oxidation processes involving anodically induced proton dissociation from the alkenylcarbyne ligands, and irreversible cathodic processes are also observed for all the complexes. The order of the redox potentials reflects that of the net electron π-acceptor/σ-donor character of the ligands and the ligating alkenylcarbynes are shown to behave as remarkably strong π-electron acceptors (even stronger than CO).
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  • 220
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Phosphanylcarbenes ; Substituent effects ; Quantum chemical calculations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A phosphanyl group exerts much less π-conjugation properties than an amino group. On this basis, corresponding carbene structures exhibit much smaller singlet-triplet energy separations. Of the various structures investigated quantum-chemically the largest singlet-triplet energy separations are predicted for cyclic diphosphanylcarbenes, in which the two functional groups are incorporated into a ring system and the phosphorus atoms are substituted by phosphoraniminato groups. Then the singlet-triplet energy separations become essentially larger than for the Bertrand-type (push-pull) carbenes.
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  • 221
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 375-381 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Fluorine ; Silicon ; Ab initio calculations ; Donor-acceptor systems ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum chemical calculations at the ab initio level indicate that Lewis donors such as amine or water form weak donor-acceptor complexes with fluoro-substituted silanes. The strength of the donor-acceptor formation increases with increasing degree of fluorine substitution. Amine and water form strong adducts only for tetrafluorosilane. The higher element homologues of Lewis donors, such as phosphane and sulfur dihydride, do not in essence coordinate. A considerable role in donor-acceptor formation is exerted by chelation effects which impose intramolecular interactions on functionalized ligands. The corresponding structures are explored.
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  • 222
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Radicals ; Carbenium ions ; Clusters ; Cobalt ; Molybdenum ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complexed α-CF3 propargyl alcohols of the general formula [(M2L6){μ-η2,η2-RC≡CCH(CF3)(OH)}] were prepared with M2L6 = Co2(CO)6, R = CH3(CH2)4- (1), R = C6H5- (2); M2L6 = Co2(CO)5P(C6H5)3, R = CH3(CH2)4- (3a,b), R = C6H5- (4a,b); M2L6 = Co2(CO)4dppm, R = C6H5- (5); M2L6 = Co(CO)3MoCp(CO)2, R = CH3(CH2)4- (6a,b), R = C6H5- (7a,b). An X-ray molecular structure of the propargyl-alcohol complex [{Co2(CO)4dppm}{μ-η2,η2-C6H5C≡CCH(CF3)(OH)}] (5) was also determined. The related carbenium ions [(M2L6){μ-η2,η3-RC≡CCH(CF3)}][BF4] (8-12) were obtained from the parent propargyl alcohol complexes by direct protonation with HBF4· Et2O in diethyl ether. These carbenium ions were reduced further by Zn in CH2Cl2 to give the alkyne adducts [(M2L6){μ-η2,η2-RC≡CCH2(CF3)}] (13-17), as confirmed by the X-ray molecular structure of [(Co2(CO)4dppm){μ-η2,η2-C6H5C≡CCH2(CF3)}] (17). Treatment of the carbenium ion complex [{Co(CO)3MoCp(CO)2}{μ-η2,η3-CH3(CH2)4C≡CCH(CF3)}][BF4] (8) with NaSMe unexpectedly afforded the reduced alkyne adduct [{Co(CO)3MoCp(CO)2}{μ-η2,η2-CH3(CH2)4C≡CCH2(CF3)}] (13), along with the alkyne-thioether diastereomers {Co(CO)3MoCp(CO)2}{μ-η2,η2-CH3(CH2)4C≡CCH(CF3)[(SMe)}] (18a,b). Presumably, all the reduction reactions proceed primarily by the formation of the transient radical species, which are subsequently transformed into the reduced alkyne complexes by hydrogen abstraction from the solvent medium. Interestingly, in the case of the complexed alcohols [{Co2(CO)5P(C6H5)3}{μ-η2,η2-RC≡CCH(CF3)(OH)}] (3a,b) and (4a,b), the reduction process occurs in acidic medium in THF/CH2Cl2. An extensive study of the electronic and steric factors that influence the stability and reactivity of the carbenium ions were performed, which allowed us to explain the behavior of the related radical species in solution during the reduction process.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 223
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Pyridyl carboxamides ; Carbonyl complexes ; Rhenium ; Metallotropic shifts ; NMR spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl halide complexes of pyridyl mono- and di-carboxamides and -thioamides has been studied by dynamic NMR techniques. Oxygen coordination to ReI of the carboxamide ligand reduced the energy barrier to C-N rotation by 2-13 kJ mol-1 whereas sulfur-ReI coordination of the thioamide ligands led to a reduction of 28-33 kJ mol-1. In the pyridyl dicarboxamide and -dithioamide metal chelate complexes metallotropic shifts occur between the three donor atoms, O, N, O or S, N, S, energies [ΔG
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 224
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Coordination modes ; Cyclophanes ; Macrocycles ; Sandwich complexes ; Solid-state structures ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel mode of containment for metal ions which participate in longer-range interactions with aryl rings (≥ 2.5 Å) is demonstrated in the preorganized cylindrical host 1. Three equatorial sulfur atoms in 1 hold metals in a trigonal planar ligand field between two apical benzene centroids at an M-Ar distance of about 3 Å. Evidence of an interaction between the π electrons and the metals is gained by 1H NMR spectroscopy of the complexes, and support for the general description of metal-arene contacts in the 2.5-3.5 Å range as ‘‘bonds’’ is derived from a statistical study of η6-coordination in the solid state. Crystal structures of [Ag(1)]BF4 and [Cu(1)]BF4 confirm the first examples of arene AgI and CuI sandwich complexation and indeed the only structurally characterized CuI-aryl centroid interaction. The two isomeric tris-sulfoxides derived from 1 show less tendency to interact with metals ions.
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  • 225
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Clusters ; Steroids ; Protonation ; Carbocations ; Immunoassay ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stabilization of carbenium ions by an adjacent organotransition metal moiety has been evaluated using the classical Deno's method as well as a new procedure based on DCI-MS spectrometry. The ability of transition metal clusters to enhance the stability of a proximate carbocationic center in 17α-alkynylestradiol-[OM] derivatives {[OM] = Co2(CO)6; Co2(CO)4(dppm); Mo2Cp2(CO)4; M3(CO)10, M = Ru, Os; HRu3(CO)9} has been related to their capacity to inactivate the estrogen receptor (affinity marker properties).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 226
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 505-512 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ion-molecule reactions ; Mass spectrometry ; Allene ; Germanium ; Silicon ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gas-phase ion chemistry of germane/allene and silane/allene mixtures has been studied, with the aim of obtaining information on the experimental conditions leading to the formation of clusters of increasing size containing Ge or Si bonded to carbon atoms. Mechanisms of ion/molecule reactions have been elucidated by ion-trap mass spectrometry using single and multiple isolation steps. Rate constants for the most important reactions have been determined experimentally and compared with collisional rate constants. The germane/allene mixtures display a low reactivity and the most abundant germanium and carbon containing ion is GeCH3+. However, chain propagation proceeds after the first nucleation step, even if rather slowly, with the formation of large clusters such as Ge4C3H3+ at low abundance. In contrast, the silane/allene mixtures are very reactive and many different processes are observed, with the formation of several silicon and carbon containing ions with appreciable efficiency. Chain propagation proceeds mainly through reactions of silicon-containing ions with allene molecules and the subsequent formation of large clusters such as Si3C3H5+ and Si4C3H7+.
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  • 227
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Polyoxometalates ; Heteropolyanions ; Dawson-type structures ; Transition metal cations ; Electrochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complexes formed by [(1)-2,3-P2Mo2W15O61]10- with vanadium(IV), manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) were synthesized. They were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV/Vis and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Their electrochemical studies are complemented by those of the previously synthesized iron(III)- and Mo(VI)-substituted complexes. Among the main conclusions from the electrochemistry of all these compounds, it can be pointed out that only the iron(III) and the copper(II) ions within the complexes are reducible in the same potential domain as the molybdenum(VI) moieties. In the case of the iron(III) complex, it has been possible to obtain a reversible overall three-electron process on the first wave of the oxometalate by varying the pH of the solution. In contrast, copper can be deposited from the corresponding complex. Substitution of [(1)-2,3-P2Mo2W15O61]10- with vanadium(IV), manganese(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II) and molybdenum(VI) gives a series of complexes in which the trimetallic moiety constituting one of the ‘‘caps’’ of the polyoxometalate contains cations different from the remaining tungsten skeleton. The electrochemical properties of these complexes are modulated by this particular constitution.
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  • 228
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 665-674 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Autocatalysis ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Nitric acid ; Nitrogen oxides ; Reduction mechanism ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to explain and analyze the corrosion process of AISI 304 L stainless steel in the presence of nitric acid condensates, the reduction mechanism of nitric acid was studied on a platinum electrode in various nitric acid solutions (4 mol·L-1, 8 mol·L-1 and 12 mol·L-1) at 100 °C. Classical electrochemical techniques were used: cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry on a stationary electrode as well as on a rotating disk electrode. A reduction mechanism is proposed; this mechanism is autocatalytic and involves a charge-transfer step and a heterogeneous chemical reaction which regenerates the electroactive species at the electrode surface. The electroactive species is assumed to be nitrous acid which is a soluble species. The other compounds involved in the reduction mechanism are NO and NO2, which are supposed to be adsorbed. The nitric acid concentration influences the major product of the reduction process: NO for concentrations lower than 8 mol·L-1 and NO2 for higher concentrations.
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  • 229
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 683-691 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Calix[4]arenes ; Bipyridines ; Podands ; Cobalt complexes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Introduction of one or two 2,2′-bipyridine units at the upper rim of the calix[4]arene platform was performed by means of the Wittig reaction. The resulting alkenes were hydrogenated to give two new bipyridyl-based calixarene podands, which were studied as ligands for CoII cation. The mono-bipyridyldichlorocobalt complex was notably fully characterised by 1H-NMR and X-ray crystal structure analyses, which confirmed the tetrahedral coordination mode involving the bipyridyl subunit and the two chlorine atoms around the cobalt centre.
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  • 230
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Bridging ligands ; Nitrito bridge ; Copper ; Nickel ; Magnetic properties ; Supramolecular chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of NiX2 · 6 H2O (X = NO3-, ClO4-), bidentate amine, [Cu(oxpn)] [oxpn = N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl)oxamide] and sodium nitrite in ethanolic solution, leads to the formation of new Cu2+-Ni2+ complexes of general formula [Cu(oxpn)Ni(NO2)(aa)]n(X)n [1, X = ClO4-, aa = N,N,N′-trimethylethylenediamine (trimen); 2, X = ClO4-, aa = N,N,N′N′- tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen); 3, X = ClO4-, aa = N,N-dimethyl-N′-ethylethylenediamine (dmeten); 4, X = PF6-, aa = trimen; 5, X = PF6-, aa = dmeten]. The structure of complex 1 consists of [Cu(oxpn)Ni(trimen)]2+ units linked by a nitrite group acting as a tridentate ligand, giving a one-dimensional system separated by ClO4- anions. In contrast, the structure of complex 2 consists of isolated [Cu(oxpn)Ni(NO2)(tmen)]+ dinuclear units and uncoordinated ClO4- anions. The nitrite group acts as a bidentate ligand. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility studies were performed on 1-5. The J value through the oxamidato bridge is close to -110 cm-1 in all five cases. For complex 1, considered as a chain, a simulation of the χMT vs T was performed with the CLUMAG program. These calculations revealed the influence of the magnetic interactions between the dinuclear entities through the nitrito bridging ligand, on the susceptibility curves at low temperatures.
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  • 231
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 693-702 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Germylene ; Stannylene ; Plumbylene ; Schiff base ; Transition metal complexes of M ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The syntheses, characterization, and reactivities of the new stable mono- and cis-disubstituted Group 14 metal(II) chromium and tungsten carbonyl complexes (salen)M=M′(CO)5 [salen = 2,2′-N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine; M′ = Cr, M = Ge (4), Sn (5), Pb (6); M′ = W, M = Ge (7), Sn (8), Pb (9)] and [(salen)M]2=M′(CO)4 [M′ = W, M = Ge (10), Sn (11), Pb (12); M′ = Cr, M = Sn (14), Ge (15)] are described. Complexes 4-9 were obtained in high yields by treatment of the M′(CO)5 · THF intermediates with the stable divalent species (salen)MII [M = Ge (1), Sn (2), Pb (3)]. Direct irradiation of mixtures of (salen)MII and M′(CO)6 resulted in formation of the monosubstituted compounds 4-9 together with the disubstituted species 10-12, 14, and 15 in ratios depending on the nature of both M and M′. Pure complexes 10-12 were obtained by two different synthetic approaches starting from the (salen)MII species or the (salen)M=M′(CO)5 complexes. Each of the new complexes has been characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR, and by 119Sn-NMR in the case of 5, 8, 11, and 14, as well as by IR spectroscopy in all cases. The molecular structures of 5, 8, 11, and 14, determined by X-ray structure analyses, reveal a pentacoordinated tin atom. The tin-chromium distances are among the shortest (in particular that in 5, 2.557 Å) observed for transition metal divalent tin complexes and the tin lies about 0.99 Å above the plane defined by the O2N2 atoms of the salen ligand. All these complexes have been found to be unreactive towards water and organic acids. Simple phosphane monosubstitution of carbonyl in 8 using Ph3P led to the new complex 13. Reactions with 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone resulted in displacement of the divalent species from the carbonyl complexes 5 and 8.
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  • 232
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ruthenium ; s-Triazole ; s-Triazoline ; Oxidations ; Crystal structure ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chemical behavior of triazole, thiadiazole, and triazoline derivatives of thiocarbonohydrazide towards cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)4] (2) was studied. Reaction of 4-amino-5-methylthio-3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (L1) with 2 gave two diastereomeric complexes, trans,cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)2(L1)] (3) and chiral cis,cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)2(L1)] (4). Reaction of 2 with 2-(2-formylhydrazino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole in MeOH gave the complex trans,cis-[RuCl2(DMSO)2(L2)] (5) with concomitant deformylation of the starting ligand. The process was catalyzed by RuII in very low yield. Synthesis of the Ru complexes of 4-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-Δ2-triazoline-5-thione (L3) and 4-amino-3-ethyl-1,2,4-Δ2-triazoline-5-thione (L4) resulted in an interesting oxidation of the metal promoted by DMSO. Reaction of 2 with these ligands in a 6 N HCl solution led to the isolation of the complexes mer-[RuCl3(DMSO)(L3)]·1/2 H2O (6) and mer-[RuCl3(DMSO)(L4)]·1/2 H2O (7). The complex mer-[RuCl3(DMSO)(L4)]·CH3COOH·H2O (7′) was obtained by recrystallization of 7 from ethyl acetate. The complexes 6, 7, and 7′ were highly stable in HCl solutions and acetone but not in neutral aqueous solution. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of RuIII complexes with an N-N-C-S chelating system.
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  • 233
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 713-718 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Cobalt ; Sandwich complexes ; Aldol reactions ; Ketones ; C-H activation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acetone, cyclohexanone, and acetophenone react with the toluene-bridged triple-decker complexes [{(η5-CpR)Co}2-μ-(η4:η4-toluene)] (R = Me5 3; 1,2,4-tri-tert-butyl 4) by toluene substitution and homo-aldol coupling of two ketone molecules to form the first oxadiene cobalt complexes. These reactions may involve a Csp3-H activation step of the ketones by 14 e- [(η5-CpR)Co] fragments generated from the triple-decker complexes 3 and 4. If no acidic protons are present in the position α to the carbonyl carbon position in the ketone, no Csp3-H activation occurs. In agreement with this, benzophenone does not react with complex 3.
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  • 234
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper ; Oxygen ; Bioinorganic chemistry ; Oxidations ; Coordination chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copper(I) and copper(II) complexes of the ligand N,N′-bis[2′(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N′-dimethylethane-1,2-diamine (Me6trien) were synthesized and structurally characterized. In the solid state the complex cation [Cu(Me6trien)]+ (1) adopts a distorted tetrahedral configuration. Crystallography, EPR measurements, and UV/Vis spectroscopy indicate that the analogous copper(II) complex [Cu(Me6trien)Cl]+ has a square pyramidal geometry in the solid state as well as in solution. The reaction of 1 with dioxygen was investigated in different solvents. No copper dioxygen intermediates could be detected spectrophotometrically during these reactions.
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  • 235
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Palladium ; S ligands ; One-dimensional extended networks ; Structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and spectral characterization of a new triangular, trinuclear palladium(II) complex with the dianion of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone N4-dimethylthiosemicarbazone, 4MeOAp4Me22- is reported. The X-ray crystal structure determination of [Pd(4MeOAp4Me2)]3·DMSO shows it to contain a chair-type hexagon of alternating Pd and S atoms which form a molecular bowl. The crystal structure of H24MeOAp4Me2 shows that it is the E isomer with respect to the imine bond of the thiosemicarbazone moiety.
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  • 236
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 735-739 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Silaboranes ; Cluster compounds ; Siloxanes ; Silicon ; Boranes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of alkoxide adducts of o-silaborane [(TMPDAH)2][(Me2Si2B10H10)2O] (3) and [TMPDAH][(Me2Si2B10H10)OMe] (4) are presented (TMPDA = tetramethylpropylenediamine). For both silaborate clusters 3 and 4 the results of the NMR spectroscopic investigations together with the X-ray single crystal structure determinations are discussed. The geometries of ab initio calculations (HF and B3LYP methods) on the hydroxide adduct [Si2B10H12(OH)]- are compared with the structures of 3 and 4. The dynamic behaviour of the adducts 3 and 4 in solution is discussed with respect to the calculated energy profile for the rotation of the HSi(OH) group.
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  • 237
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Terpyridine ; Copper sensing ; Cyclam ; Fluorescence ; Solution studies ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A synthetic strategy has been devised for the preparation of new compounds in which terpyridyl fragments are linked to 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam). Reaction of excess cyclam with 4′-[(4-bromomethyl)phenyl]-2,2′:2″,6′-terpyridine afforded the ligand 1-[4′-p-tolyl-(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridyl)]-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (L1) in which the tetraaza macrocycle was covalently attached to one benzyl-terpyridyl fragment. Under similar conditions reaction of cyclam with excess 4′-[(4-bromomethyl)phenyl]-2,2′:2″,6′-terpyridine gave the tetra substituted cyclam derivative 1,4,8,11-[4′-p-tolyl-(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridyl)]-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (L2). The multidentate ligand L2 was crystallographically characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Reaction of L1 with [Ru(mtpy)Cl3] gave the heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(L1)(mtpy)][PF6]2 (mtpy = 4′-methyl-2,2′:6′2″-terpyridine). The fluorescent intensity of the metallo-receptor [Ru(L1)(mtpy)][PF6]2 was quenched selectively in the presence of copper(II) in an aqueous environment. To gain insight into the nature of this interaction, potentiometric titrations on [Ru(L1)(mtpy)]2+ in the presence of Cu2+ were carried out. The quenching of the emission intensity was associated with the presence of the copper {Cu[Ru(L1)(mtpy)]}4+ complex in solution. The receptor 1-[4′-methyl-(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridyl)]-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (L3), in which the cyclam fragment is separated from the terpyriyl by a methylene group, has also been synthesised by reaction of 4′-bromomethyl-2,2′:2″,6′-terpyridine and cyclam. With L3 as starting material, the ruthenium complex [Ru(L3)(mtpy)]2+ was prepared in order to evaluate the effect that the nature of the spacer has on the quenching of the fluorescence upon addition of Cu2+.
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  • 238
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Rhenium ; Diimine ligands ; Charge transfer ; Solvatochromism ; Substituent effects ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Re(1,2-diimine)(CO)3Cl compounds containing the p-substituted bis(arylimino)acenaphthene derivatives DIAN-R with R = H, Me, OMe, Br, and Cl were prepared and characterized. The diimine ligands of this series provide unoccupied orbitals at rather low energies and display a pronounced π-accepting strength. This feature determines the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of the Re(DIAN-R)(CO)3Cl complexes. All compounds show rhenium(I) to π*(diimine) metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorptions in the visible spectral region. The maxima of these CT bands systematically shift upon modification of the substituents R and are sensitive to variations of the solvent polarity (negative solvatochromism). Re(DIAN-R)(CO)3Cl complexes are non-luminescent both in fluid solution at 298 K and in solvent glass at 77 K.
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  • 239
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 753-769 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Hydrogenation ; Isomerization ; Rhodium ; Iridium ; Hydrides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bulky β-diiminate ligands [(2,6-C6H3X2)NC(Me)CHC(Me)N(2,6-C6H3X2)]- (X = Me, LMe; X = Cl, LCl) have been found to be effective in stabilizing low coordination numbers (CN) in Rh and Ir complexes. The 14- complex LMeRh(COE) (COE = cyclooctene) has a three-coordinate T-shaped Rh environment and is nonagostic. Coordinative unsaturation is avoided by incorporation of a small ligand (e.g. N2, MeCN, olefins), by the intramolecular coordination of a chlorine atom in LClRh(COE), or by an agostic interaction in LMeRh(norbornene). In solution at room temperature, LMeRh(COE) undergoes rapid isomerization according to the allyl hydride mechanism; the corresponding 2,3-dimethylbutene complex actually prefers the allyl hydride structure. Rhodium(I) complexes of LMe and LCl catalyze olefin hydrogenation; hydrogenation of 2,3-dimethylbutene has been shown to be preceded by isomerization. The shielding properties of the bulky β-diiminate ligands allow direct observation of a number of reactive intermediates or their iridium analogues, including an olefin-dihydrogen complex (with Rh) and an olefin dihydride (with Ir). These observations, together with calculations on simple model systems, provide us with snapshots of a plausible hydrogenation cycle. Remarkably, hydrogenation according to this cycle appears to follow a 14-e/16-e path, in contrast to the more usual 16-e/18-e paths.
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  • 240
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 771-781 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Cooperative effects ; Coordination modes ; Nickel ; Bimetallic complexes ; π interactions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Different cooperative binding modes of nitriles within the bimetallic pocket of a pyrazolate-based compartmental dinickel(II) site have been studied. The H3O2-bridged dinuclear complex 1 reacts with cyanamide to yield 4, in which a secondary hydrogencyanamido(1-) bridge spans the two metal centers at an unusually short metal-metal distance imposed by the primary ligand matrix. In 5, a single 2-cyanoguanidine (cnge) molecule is N-bound to one nickel(II) ion through its nitrile part and is coordinated to the adjacent metal site through an amido nitrogen. The characteristics of the coordination spheres of the metal centers suggest an additional side-on π-bonding interaction of the nitrile moiety with the second high-spin nickel(II) ion. This unusual interaction is corroborated by comparing the IR bands for the ν(C≡N) stretching vibration of 5 with those of complex 6, which has two end-on bound cnge molecules, and those of the related mononuclear complex 7, which lacks a second nickel(II) ion. The nature of the π-bonding interaction in 5 is further analyzed by DFT calculations on relevant model systems. Even though the π-bonding is found to be very weak, it does include some backbonding from occupied 3d MOs at the second high-spin nickel(II) ion to the π* MOs of the nitrile. Such an unconventional π-interaction is suggested to be enforced by the constrained fixation of the nitrile unit within the highly organized coordination pocket of the bimetallic framework. In contrast, the bifunctional 2-hydroxybenzonitrile is accommodated by the distinct binding of the nitrile and phenolate functions to the different metal centers in 8, which confirms that the simultaneous binding of both an OR-function and an end-on bound nitrile is indeed feasible within the active site pocket. Such a situation is reminiscent of the bimetallic effect that has been assumed to enable the cooperative hydration of nitriles at the dinickel(II) site of 1. Complexes 4·(ClO4)2, 5·(ClO4)2, 6·(ClO4)3, 7·(ClO4)(BPh4), and 8·(ClO4)2 have been characterized structurally by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 241
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Carbocycles ; Clusters ; Cobalt ; Electrochemistry ; Facial ligands ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical reduction of the cluster complexes [Co4(CO)3(μ3-CO)3(μ3-C8H8)L2] 3 (L2 = C8H8), 4 (L = CO), 5 (L2 = C6H8) and 6 (L2 = 6,6-Ph2C6H4) gives the trinuclear anion [Co3(CO)3(μ2-CO)3(μ3-C8H8)]- (7) in high yield. It is proposed that formation of 7 occurs via degradation of the radical anions [3]- - [6]-, which can be generated reversibly via cyclic voltammetry. The anion 7 is stabilised by the facial C8H8 ligand and does not degrade further. Reaction of 7 with [(C5Me5)Ru(NCMe)3][BF4] results in the formation of [Ru(C5Me5)Co3(CO)3(μ3-CO)3(μ3-C8H8)] (8). The crystal structures of [NEt4]+-7, [(C5H5)2Co]+-7, and 8 were determined. In 7 and 8, the cyclooctatetraene ligand is coordinated to the Co3 face of the cluster in the facial mode.
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  • 242
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 789-799 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Asymmetric synthesis ; Chirality ; Computer chemistry ; Lithium ; Dilithiomethane ; Sulfoximines ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and X-ray analysis of chiral dilithiomethane analogues derived from sulfoximines are presented. The structures of the sulfoximine-stabilised mono- and dilithio salts have been compared and allow a rationalization of the second lithiation. Organophosphorus-based dilithiomethane derivatives are also structurally described. The gas-phase structures of N,S,S-trimethylsulfoximine 19 and of its mono- and dilithiated isomers 20-21 were calculated by ab initio methods employing different levels of theory. For an application in asymmetric synthesis, the dilithiation of (N-methyl)-S-ethyl-S-phenylsulfoximine (11) afforded a chiral dinucleophile that undergoes highly regio- and stereoselective alkylation reactions with electrophiles. The transmetallation of a chiral dilithiomethane reagent such as 14 with ClTi(OiPr)3 followed by addition of an aldehyde, constitutes a simple one-pot process for the formation of (E)-alkenylsulfoximines with excellent diastereoselectivity.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 243
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 801-818 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Zeolites ; Microporous zeolites ; Titanosilicates ; Transition metal ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stable microporous materials, such as zeolites, are extremely important for applications in catalysis, adsorption, ion-exchange, and separation. In this review we describe a new class of stable microporous materials that involves novel mixed octhaedral-tetrahedral framework oxides. The archetypal material is based on titanosilicates, although there is tremendous scope for introducing many other transition metals. These materials not only have potential novel applications in the fields normally associated with zeolites but also possible applications in the areas of optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, batteries, magnetic materials and sensors.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 244
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Colloids ; Sol-gel processes ; Immobilization ; Heterogeneous catalysts ; Hydrogenations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A bimetallic, fully alloyed Pd/Au colloid of 3.0 nm particle size, obtained by the co-reduction of Pd and Au salts with tetraalkylammonium triethylhydroborate, was embedded in a silica matrix employing a modified sol-gel procedure with THF as the solvent. The removal of the protecting tenside led to a mesoporous texture with a comparatively narrow pore distribution. The physical characterisation by a combination of several techniques has shown that the SiO2-embedded Pd/Au colloid preserves the size and the structural characteristics of the colloidal metal precursor. The new material exhibits catalytic properties in selective hydrogenation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 245
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 827-830 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ammonolysis ; Chlorine ; Nitrogen ; Silicon ; Silsesquiazane ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ammonolysis of trichlorosilanes RSiCl3 [R = CH(SiMe3)2 (1a), Ph (1b), Et (1c)] leads to a series of condensed products such as six-membered rings [(Me3Si)2CHSi(OH)NH]3 (2a) and [PhSi(NH2)NH]3 (2b), disilazane [(Me3Si)2CHSi(NH2)2]2NH (3) and the cage compound (EtSi)6(NH)9 (4). The mixed Si-N-O compound 2a was obtained when liquid ammonia was not dried over sodium prior to use. The reaction with sodium gives NaCl instead of NH4Cl as a by-product which is easily removed by filtration.
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  • 246
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 857-877 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Crystal packing ; Neural networks ; Pattern recognition ; Organometallic compounds ; Close packing ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structures of hundreds of thousands of molecular compounds have now been determined with the quantitative information being stored in large databases. Chemists are generally interested in that specific part of this information which refers to individual molecules. The packing of molecules and their spatial relation to each other is not the focus of interest, even though the material properties of a molecular crystal are determined by both the packing arrangement of the molecules and their specific properties. The lack of interest in packing has at least one obvious reason. It is difficult for the non-expert to find the appropriate packing categories when looking at a principally infinite lattice. A tool performing this search for individual categories of packing in an automatic manner would therefore be of general importance. The development and application of such a tool is described in this paper. Novel strategies to extract a set of n points forming a specific n-point polyhedron from a set of p points (p 〉 n) is at its basis. Neural networks and second moment analysis are used as the methods of pattern recognition. In order to correlate packing and shape, second moment analysis of molecular shape is also used. This novel method is applied to three classes of organometallic compounds to determine whether the crystals formed by these compounds belong to any of the three classes fcc, bcc, or hcp in an idealized sense. A strong correlation is found between molecular shape and the membership or nonmembership of these classes. The corresponding program, including appropriate tools for visual representation, is available from the authors.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 247
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 889-894 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Rhodium hydride complexes ; Parahydrogen ; Tin ligands ; Hydrogenations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The oxidative addition of dihydrogen to the [RhH(SnCl3)5]3-/PR3 system (PR3 = PPh3, PEtPh2, PEt3) leads to the formation of previously unknown dihydride complexes, the 1H-NMR spectra of which have been studied by means of the ParaHydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) method. The composition of the resulting complexes crucially depends on the type of the added phosphane. With PEt3 as the phosphane and acetonitrile as the solvent, a complex with a SnCl2L ligand (L = CD3CN) can be detected. All systems examined catalyze the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. During these reactions, both the 1H-NMR resonances of the dihydride complexes and those of styrene, the hydrogenation product of phenylacetylene, can be detected simultaneously. In the case of SnBr3 ligands, hydrogen addition in the presence of phosphanes leads to similar dihydride complexes, which were also identified via 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, a mixed complex of the structure [Rh(SnBr3)nBr6-n]3- has been isolated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 248
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Germanium(I) ; Tetrahalgenodigermanate(2-) ; Octahedral [Ge6]2- clusters ; Organometallic derivatives ; Carbonyl complexes ; Chromium ; Tungsten ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: GeI2 reacts with [M2(CO)10]2- (M = Cr, W) leading to reductive coupling of two GeI2 units to produce the [Ge2I4]2- ligands of [{(OC)5M}I2Ge-GeI2{M(CO)5}]2- (1a and 2a). The [Ph4P] salts of these anions have been characterised by X-ray structure analyses as have the [Ph4P] salts of [{(OC)5M}Cl2Ge-GeCl2{M(CO)5}]2- (1b and 2b) obtained from the iodo derivatives 1a and 2a by halide metathesis with [Ph4P]Cl. Treatment of GeI2 with [W2(CO)10]2- in the presence of 2,2′-bipyridine leads to [{(OC)5W}I2Ge-Ge(bipy){W(CO)5}] (3). The digermanium ligands in 1-3 contain germanium in the unconventional formal oxidation state +I. Reductive condensation of [{(OC)5Cr}I2Ge-GeI2{Cr(CO)5}]2- (1a) by addition of [Cr2(CO)10]2- leads to the octahedral cluster [{(OC)5Cr}6Ge6]2- (4) in a yield of 40%. The sequence of reactions as reported describes the first systematic approach to the synthesis of [E6]2- clusters.
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  • 249
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Arenetricarbonyl chromium complexes ; Palladium ; Cross coupling reaction ; Thiophenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cross coupling reaction of (p-chloroanisole)tricarbonylchromium complex (1) with thiophene derivatives under palladium-catalyzed conditions leads to the selective formation of tricarbonyl-η6-[(2-thiophenyl)arene]- or -η6-[(2-thiophenyl)carbonylarene]chromium complexes (2 or 3) depending on reaction conditions. The conformation of complexes 2 and 3 in the solid state as well as in solution are reported.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 250
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Cages ; Synthesis ; Lithium ; Crystal structures ; Chromophores ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three new macrocyclic cages 1, 2 and 3, able to selectively encapsulate the lithium ion, were studied. The synthesis and characterization of 2 and 3 are reported. The basicity behaviour of the three cages was investigated by spectrophotometry and by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The protonation constants were determined by potentiometric methods in aqueous solution (I = 0.15 mol dm-3 NMe4Cl, T = 298 ± 0.1 K) and were found to be logK1 = 11.67(5), 10.77(7), 11.17(7); logK2 = 7.76(5), 5.7(1), 5.6(1); logK3 = 1.3(1), 2.4(1), 1.9(1) for 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The lithium equilibrium complex formation Li+ + L = LiLH-1 + H+ was monitored by 13C and 7Li NMR spectroscopy, as well as by spectrophotometric and potentiometric techniques; log values of -9.1(1) and -8.0(1) were found for 1 and 3, respectively. For 2, precipitation of the lithium complex occurs. UV/Vis studies in aqueous solution show a significant shift towards high energy of the λmax in the lithium complex, indicating the potential for application of these ligands in colourimetric analysis. The crystal structure of 1 was examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Data collection was performed on two samples, namely 1a and 1b, obtained from two different crystallization procedures. Crystals of 1a are monoclinic, space group P21/n, while 1b crystallized in an orthorhombic space group Pc21b. The cell parameters are a = 12.423(3), b = 14.378(9), c = 28.436(7) Å, β = 93.74(2)° for 1a, and a = 10.674(4), b = 14.408(2), c= 17.034(2) Å for 1b. Molecular simulations were carried out on both conformational isomers 1a and 1b, with results indicating that the two isomers have essentially the same flexibility.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 251
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: (R)-(+)-2,3-Epoxy-1-propanol ; 2,3-Dihydroxyalkyl phosphanes ; 1,3,2-Dioxaborolane ; 1,3-Dioxolane ring ; Enantiopure phosphanes ; Complexes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of (R)-(+)-2,3-epoxy-1-propanol with Ph2PH, Ph(Me)PH, or PhPH2 in the superbasic medium KOH/DMSO affords the novel chiral phosphanes 1a-1c. While 1a is obtained enantiomerically pure, 1b and the secondary phosphane 1c are formed as mixtures of diastereoisomers (RPRC, SPRC) with homochiral β carbon atoms. Derivatization of 1a with phenylboronic acid or 2,2-dimethoxypropane yields 2a and 3a with 1,3,2-dioxaborolane and 1,3-dioxolane ring systems, respectively. The X-ray structure of 2a (space group P21) reveals the presence of four molecules of R configuration in the unit cell. Nucleophilic phosphanylation of (R)-(-)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglycerol tosylate with Ph2PH, Ph(Me)PH, or PhPH2 yields chiral 3a-3d. Compound 3b was obtained enantiomerically pure. The secondary phosphane 3c has been employed in syntheses of the hydrophilic tertiary phosphanes 3e, 3f and of the novel bidentate phosphane ligands 3g, 3h, all of which have homochiral β carbon atoms. PdII complexes PdL2Cl2 of 1a, 2a, 3a (L) are formed as mixtures of cis/trans isomers. RhI complexes of 1a, 3a, and bidentate 3h have also been synthesized.
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  • 252
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 97-102 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Mesoporous materials ; MCM-48 ; Immobilization ; (1,1′-Ferrocenediyl)dimethylsilane ; 13C and 29Si solid-state NMR ; Sandwich-complexes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The walls of the cubic mesoporous silicate MCM-48 have been grafted with ferrocenyl end groups by a ring-opening reaction of the ansa-bridged ferrocene [Fe{(η-C5H4)2SiMe2}], carried out in a pentane solution at room temperature. The orange product has been characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, 13C and 29Si solid-state NMR, N2 adsorption measurements, and Fe K-edge EXAFS. A high loading has been obtained (8.18 mass % Fe) and, as a result of the inclusion of the organometallic moiety, the N2 adsorption isotherm exhibits a lower uptake. Direct structural evidence for the surface attachment of both single ferrocenyl and short chain oligo(ferrocenyl) fragments has been obtained.
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  • 253
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ruthenium ; Phenanthroline ; Luminescence ; Sterically hindered ligands ; Terpyridine ; Cyclometallation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two series of cyclometallated and noncyclometallated ruthenium(II) complexes incorporating mono- or disubstituted 1,10-phenanthroline- and 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-type ligands have been synthesized and characterized. An X-ray crystal structure for one of the complexes, Ru(ttpy)(mapH)-(Cl)(PF6), has been obtained (mapH = 2-p-anisyl-1,10-phenanthroline; ttpy = 4′-tolyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine). Distinct electrochemical and photophysical properties have been observed for the two series: a remarkable feature is the observation of relatively long-lived MLCT excited states (from 70 to 106 ns at room temperature in CH3CN) for three of the cyclometallated complexes. A discussion is given on the role of factors like sigma donation by the cyclometallating ligands, interligand steric hindrance and interligand π-π interactions that affect the electrochemical and spectroscopic properties.
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  • 254
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Imaging agents ; Lanthanides ; NMR spectroscopy ; DNA cleavage ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hydration state of a series of [Ln(DO2A)(H2O)n]+ complexes in aqueous solution at pH = 6.4-7.0 was studied by measuring the lanthanide-induced 17O shifts (LIS) of water [Ln includes elements from Ce to Yb; DO2A = 1,7-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane]. Their contact contribution, obtained from Reilley plots, indicated a decrease in the inner-sphere water coordination number of the [Ln(DO2A)(H2O)n]+ complexes from n = 3 (Ce-Eu), to n = 2 (Tb-Yb). A temperature-dependent UV/Vis absorption study of the 578-582 nm 7F0 → 5D0 transition band of [Eu(DO2A)(H2O)n]+ in aqueous solution showed that this complex is present in an equilibrium between eight- and nine-coordinate species with n = 2 and n = 3, respectively. The hydration equilibrium parameters (2 ↔ 3), K2-3298 = 4.0 ± 0.2, ΔH2-30 = -12.1 ± 1 kJ mol-1 and ΔS2-30 = -28.9 ± 3 J mol-1 K-1,correspond to an average hydration number of 2.65-2.85 in the temperature range 273-363 K. A variable temperature, multiple field 17O NMR study combined with direct EPR measurements of the transverse electronic relaxation rates has been used to obtain the parameters characterizing water exchange, rotation and electronic relaxation, all influencing the proton relaxivity of [Gd(DO2A)(H2O)2-3]+. The small increase in the water exchange rate of [Gd(DO2A)(H2O)2-3]+ (kex298 = (10 ± 5) × 106s-1) relative to that of[Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]- (4.8 × 106 s-1) is a consequence of an unfavorable interplay of charge and hydration equilibria. The value of τR298 = 40 ± 1 ps is short, and the electronic relaxation rate (1/T2e ≍ 1.2 × 1010 s-1) is fast relative to [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]- (1.3-2.4 × 109 s-1 for B = 0.34 T). These parameters negate to some extent the expected increase in proton relaxivity of the [Gd(DO2A)(H2O)2-3]+ complex.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under -//_/_http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/2000/99338_s.pdf or from the author.
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  • 255
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Metal complexes ; Template synthesis ; Schiff bases ; Oxaazamacrocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New series of macrocyclic Schiff-base lanthanide(III), yttrium(III), and cadmium(II) complexes, [M(1)]Xn (X = NO3-, M = Y, Ln = La-Yb except Pm and Dy; X = ClO4-, M = Cd, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd, or Er) and [M(3)]Xn (X = NO3-, M = Dy; X = ClO4-, M = Er and Cd), have been prepared by cyclocondensation of O1,O7-bis(2-formylphenyl)-1,4,7-trioxaheptane with O1,O7-bis(2-aninyl)-1,4,7-trioxaheptane (1) or tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (3) in the presence of the appropriate metal salt as a template agent. The Schiff-base macrocycles 1 and 3 are also formed in the absence of a metal ion. Treatment of 1 with NaBH4 in methanol gives the diamine macrocycle 2. The reactions of LnIII, CdII, and YIII ions with 2 have also been investigated. The crystal structures of the monoprotonated ligand 2 and of the complex [Cd(3)](ClO4)2 have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under -//_/_http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/2000/99352_s.pdf or from the author.
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  • 256
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 1025-1030 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Phthalocyanines ; Nitrides ; Oxo complexes ; Rhenium ; Molybdenum ; Tungsten ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of new nitrido(phthalocyaninato)molybdenum (1-4) and -tungsten complexes (5-7) starting from the corresponding phthalonitriles and MNCl3 (M = Mo, W) is reported. In addition, the reaction of (tBu4Pc)WN (6) with PPh3 leading, after several steps, to the diamagnetic compound (tBu4Pc)WO (7) is described. The reaction of (tBu4Pc)ReN (9) with PPh3 leads to [(tBu4Pc)ReO]2 (12), and of [(C5H11)8Pc]ReN (10) with PPh3 leads, under different conditions, to {[(C5H11)8Pc]ReO}2O (11).
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  • 257
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Molybdenum ; Fluxionality ; Pyridylphosphanes ; Phosphane oxides ; Polydentate ligands ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pseudo-octahedral complexes [Mo(η3-allyl)Br(CO)2(PPynPh3-n-P,N)] (Py = 2-pyridyl; n = 2, 3) and [Mo(η3-allyl)Br(CO)2(OPPymPh3-m-O,N)] (m = 1, 2, 3) undergo three different dynamic processes in solution, depending on the chelating ligand. The complexes containing PPhPy2 and PPy3 as chelating P,N-donors undergo a novel “pivoted double switch” mechanism which scrambles two equatorial coordination sites with racemization, while maintaining the identity of the phosphorus atom trans to the allyl ligand. The complexes containing 2-pyridylphosphane oxides as chelating O,N-donors undergo a nondissociative intramolecular trigonal-twist (or turnstile) rearrangement which maintains the identity of the phosphane oxide oxygen atom coordinated in an equatorial position. All the complexes containing uncoordinated pyridyls undergo a slow dissociative exchange of pyridyls without coordination site scrambling. The structure of the complex [Mo(η3-allyl)Br(CO)2(OPPy3-O,N)] has been determined by X-ray diffraction.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under -//_/_http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/2000/99363_s.pdf or from the author.
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  • 258
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 1039-1043 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Iridium ; Amphiphiles ; N ligands ; Structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of 4′-functionalized 6′-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands (L-n) with the dimer [(ppy)2IrCl]2 (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine anion) and subsequent counterion exchange affords a new series of cationic orthometallated iridium(III) complexes, [(ppy)2Ir(L-n)][PF6] (1-5), which have been characterized by spectroscopic methods. These complexes have a large shape anisotropy and significant amphiphilic character. The crystal structure of 4 has been determined by X-ray diffraction.
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  • 259
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Palladium ; Dithiadiazole ; Radicals ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two new 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazoles, [4-(4′-C5H4N)CN2S2] (L1) and [4-(3′-C5H4N)CN2S2] (L2), with different pyridyl groups at the 4-position were prepared. As Lewis bases, the dithiadiazoles reacted with Lewis acids via their pyridyl groups to form acid-base adducts with retention of the five-membered dithiadiazole ring. Ligands L1 and L2 reacted with excess triethylborane to give L1BEt3 and L2BEt3 (1a and 1b) and with Mn(CO)5Br to give the fac-Mn(CO)3Br(L1)2 (2a) and fac-Mn(CO)3Br(L2)2 (2b) complexes. When reacted with Pd0 complexes, namely, Pd(PPh3)4 and a mixture of [Pd2(dba)3] and dppf, the dithiadiazoles underwent ring-opening reaction by reductive cleavage of the S-S bond of the dithiadiazole ring. The resulting formation of Pd-S bonds gave the corresponding trinuclear complexes [Pd3{μ-SNC(4′-C5H4N)NS-S,S′}2(PPh3)4] (3a), [Pd3{μ-SNC(3′-C5H4N)NS-S,S′}2(PPh3)4] (3b), and [Pd3{μ-SNC(4′-C5H4N)NS-S,S′}2(dppf)2] (4) [dba = dibenzylideneacetone, dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene]. Complexes 3a and 3b reacted with excess triethylborane to give the corresponding acid-base adducts [Pd3{μ-SNC(4′-C5H4NBEt3)NS-S,S′}2(PPh3)4] (5a) and [Pd3{μ-SNC(3′-C5H4NBEt3)NS-S,S′}2(PPh3)4] (5b.) Complex 3a reacted with Mn(CO)5Br to give {[Pd3{μ-SNC(4′-C5H4N)NS-S,S′}2(PPh3)4][MnBr(CO)3]}n (6). The structures of 3a, 5a, and 5b were established by X-ray crystallography.
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  • 260
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Lanthanide(III) ; Ytterbium ; Aryloxides ; Fluorine ; C-F Activation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of [Yb(OAr)2(THF)3] (OAr = OC6H2-2,6-tBu2-4-R; R = H, Me, tBu) with perfluorodecalin in THF at room temperature results in C-F activation and formation of the first heteroleptic aryloxofluorolanthanoid complexes, [Yb(OAr)2F(THF)]2. Oxidation of bis(cyclopentadienyl)ytterbium(II) with perfluoro(methylcyclohexane) or perfluorodecalin in DME surprisingly gives unsolvated [YbCp2F]3. The analogous reaction of bis(methylcyclopentadienyl)ytterbium(II) yields unsolvated [Yb(MeCp)2F]4, whilst in THF, the oxidation provides [Yb(MeCp)2F(THF)]2. Treatment of [YbCp2F(THF)]2 with triphenylphosphane oxide gives [YbCp2F(OPPh3)]2. X-ray structure determinations revealed [Yb(OAr)2F(THF)]2 (R = H or tBu) to be centrosymmetric fluoride-bridged dimers with five-coordination for ytterbium. Examination of the structures of the cyclopentadienyl complexes showed that [YbCp2F]3 is trimeric with formal eight-coordination for ytterbium and a planar (YbF)3 ring, whereas [Yb(MeCp)2F]4 is an eight-coordinate tetramer having a puckered (YbF)4 ring with F-Yb-F angles of ca. 90° and Yb-F-Yb angles close to 180° [178.9(4), 168.4(3)°]. Both [Yb(MeCp)2F(THF)]2 and [YbCp2F(OPPh3)]2 are nine-coordinate fluoride-bridged dimers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 261
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide fixation ; Magnesium ; N ligands ; C-C coupling ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of oxalic amidines R1-N=C(NHR2)-C(NHR2)=N-R1 with CH3MgX followed by uptake of CO2 results in the formation of the trimeric carbamato complexes [R1-N=C(NR2-COO)-C(NR2COO)=N-R1]3Mg3(THF)6 (2a: R1 = R2 = Ph; 2b: R1 = R2 = p-tolyl) as the thermodynamically stable final products of the reaction. Their X-ray crystal structures show that the three metal centres are in a linear arrangement. The central magnesium ion is octahedrally surrounded by six O-donor atoms of the μ2-carbamato bridges, while both peripheral magnesium ions are facially coordinated by three O-donor atoms of the carbamato groups and three THF molecules. This coordination sphere can be considered as a structural model for the active centre in the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase enzyme. Compound 2a reacts with ZnCl2 or CoBr2, with CO2 elimination, to form dimeric complexes of the type [X2M(oxalamidinato)MX2][Mg(DMF)6] (M = Zn, Co; X = Cl, Br). X-ray crystal structure analyses show that the d-metals are tetrahedrally coordinated. The magnesium-bromide-containing intermediates in the formation of 2a and 2b are able to transfer CO2 to acetophenone, thus simulating the CO2 activation step in enzymatic biotin-dependent carboxylation reactions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 262
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Carbene complexes ; Carboxylato complexes ; Density functional calculations ; Palladium ; Rhodium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structures of several complexes arising from the interaction between methylene and palladium and rhodium diformates were optimized through density functional calculations. For palladium, mono-, di-, and trimeric complexes were considered. The results obtained show that in all cases the most stable structures correspond to complexes in which methylene has inserted in one of the M-O bonds, while metal-carbene complexes are energy minima only for monomeric palladium diformate and for rhodium diformate. Trimeric palladium formate is thermodynamically stable upon fragmentation. However, when it reacts with methylene, fragmentation becomes favorable. The role of the resulting monomeric complex in the olefin cyclopropanation mechanism catalyzed by palladium dicarboxylates is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 263
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Silicon ; Silyl anions ; Lithium ; Silanes ; Polysilyl dianions ; α,ω-Dilithiooligosilanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (Me3Si)3Si(Me2Si)2(Me3Si)2SiLi (1) and LiSi(Me3Si)2(Me2Si)2Si(Me3Si)2Li (2) were synthesized by the reaction of (Me3Si)3Si(Me2Si)2Si(Me3Si)3 in THF with one or two mol-equivalents, respectively, of MeLi. Both 1 and 2 were characterized spectroscopically and by trapping reactions, and 1 also by X-ray crystallography.
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  • 264
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 1097-1105 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Fluorinated porphyrins ; Electrochemistry ; Manganese ; Oxidation catalysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and characterization of manganese complexes of β-octafluoro-meso-tetraarylporphyrins are reported. The presence of the electron-withdrawing β-fluorine atoms induces a very large shift of the redox potential for the oxidation of the manganese(II) derivatives. With the meso-aryl group bearing two ortho-chlorine atoms (2,6-dichlorophenyl) or five fluorine atoms (pentafluorophenyl), metal complexation leads to the isolation of pure manganese(II) compounds. The stability and catalytic activity of these new derivatives have been studied using hydrogen peroxide and iodosylbenzene as oxidants, and standard substrates for epoxidation and hydroxylation reactions. The results are compared to those obtained with the β-hydrogenated analogs under the same conditions. In the case of hydrogen peroxide, the high level of porphyrin degradation prevents efficient catalytic activity. With iodosylbenzene as oxidant, both stability and epoxidation are similar to those of the β-hydrogenated porphyrins, however, a substantial improvement in the efficiency of the hydroxylation of cyclohexane is observed with up to 33 turnovers with (perfluorotetraphenylporphyrin)manganese(II).
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 265
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Densitiy functional theory ; Epoxidation ; Reaction mechanisms ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Seven-coordinated molybdenum oxobisperoxo complexes with chelate nitrogen donors like pyrazolylpyridines are catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins. An NMR spectroscopic and quantumchemical study on the fluxionality of the chelate ligand proves that during this process partial ligand dissociation takes place. This gave rise to a detailed theoretical study on the activation of CH3OOH at the model complex (NH3)2MoO(O2)2 including dissociation of one of the ammonia ligands and proton transfer from the hydroperoxide to one of the peroxo ligands.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under -//_/_http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/2000/99429_s.pdf or from the author.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 266
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ruthenium ; S ligands ; Hydrazine ; Diazene ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the search for ruthenium complexes with sulfur-dominated coordination spheres that bind, activate, or stabilize nitrogenase relevant molecules, complexes containing the new and robust tetradentate ligand ‘tpS4’-H2 were synthesized. Treatment of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] with ‘tpS4’2- gives [Ru(PPh3)2(‘tpS4’)] (1), which contains two labile PPh3 ligands. The reaction of 1 with PEt3 or DMSO led to substitution of both PPh3 ligands, yielding [Ru(PEt3)2(‘tpS4’)] (2) and [Ru(DMSO)2(‘tpS4’)] (3), respectively. When treated with nitrogenous ligands, complex 1 lost only one PPh3 ligand to yield [Ru(L)(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)] complexes where L = py (7), NH3 (8), N2H4 (9), NH2NHMe (10), and CH3CN (12), all of which are labile. The labile acetonitrile complex [Ru(CH3CN)(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)] (12) proved to be particularly suited as a precursor for the syntheses of other [Ru(L)(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)] complexes. The 18 and 19 valence electron NO complexes [Ru(NO)(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)]BF4 (13) and [Ru(NO)(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)] (14), (NEt4)[Ru(N3)(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)] (15), [Ru(I)(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)] (16), and [Ru(N3)(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)] (17) were obtained starting from complex 12. The labile mononuclear hydrazine complex [Ru(N2H4)(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)] (9) gave the dinuclear complex [μ-N2H4{Ru(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)}2] (18) by dissociation of hydrazine. The dinuclear diazene complex [μ-N2H2{Ru(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)}2] (19) was obtained by oxidation of 9 and more readily from [Ru(CH3CN)(PPh3)(‘tpS4’)] (12) and N2H2, which was generated in situ from K2N2(CO2)2 and acetic acid. The molecular structures of 7, 13, 16, 18, and 19 were determined by X-ray structure analyses. The complexes 18 and 19 represent the first complexes containing the hydrazine/diazene couple, which enables us to compare both the bonding features and the formation of N-H···S bridges when hydrazine and diazene bind to transition metal sulfur sites.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 267
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Binaphthyls ; Chirality ; Circular dichroism ; Dendrimers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The absorption and CD spectra of a series of Fréchet (compounds 7-10) and backfolding (compounds 11-12) dendrimers derived from enantiopure (S)-2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthalene have been recorded (THF) in the range 200-350 nm. All the compounds examined show a positive couplet between 200 and 240 nm (1B transition of the 2-naphthol chromophore), the intensity of which (Δεmax of the low-energy branch) ranges between 100 and 40. By means of the DeVoe polarizability model the intensity of the 1B couplet has been calculated vs. the dihedral angle θ. This analysis provides θ angles of 95-110° for the Fréchet dendrimers and 100-110° for the backfolding compounds. These values clearly indicate that the torsional angle θ, defined by the two naphthalene planes, never exceeds the critical value of 110°. This investigation confirms the wide utility of CD spectroscopy to provide geometrical information that cannot be obtained by other types of structural analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 268
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    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 83-90 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Diastereoselective alkylation ; Oppolzer's sultam ; Sultam-imine enolate ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---As part of an ongoing project concerning the synthesis of nonnatural amino acids, we have now developed a general strategy for the preparation of β2-amino acids (or 2-aminocarboxylic acid derivatives). Our procedure involves the synthesis of the sultam β-alaninate precursor 5 whose alkylation led with high yields and excellent diastereoselectivity to the precursor of β2-homophenylalanine, β2-homoalanine, and β2-homoleucine. Subsequent deprotection and Boc-protection yielded the expected β2-amino acids. X-ray analysis of the alkylation product established that (-)-sultam yielded (R)-β2-amino acids, conversely (+)-sultam yielded the enantiomer. The topicity of this alkylation is in agreement with the alkylation of Oppolzer's precursor for the synthesis of α-amino acids and opposite to that observed for gem-dialkylation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 269
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Peptides ; Stereoselectivity ; Chirality ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---While geminally disubstituted α-amino acids are helix-inducing residues in α-peptides, gem-disubstituted β-amino acids are predicted not to fit into any of the three major secondary structures of β-peptides recognized to date [the 314 helix, the 12/10/12 helix, and the pleated sheet (Figure 1)]. In order to be able to synthesize and structurally identify β-peptides containing such building blocks, or consisting entirely of them, and in order to establish the chirality of secondary structures they may form, achiral and chiral gem-disubstituted β-amino acids must be readily available. The methods of preparation of 3-amino carboxylic acids with two carbon substituents at the 2- or 3-position (β2,2-/β3,3-amino acids, Figure 2) are reviewed. While there are numerous essentially classical routes to achiral and rac-β-amino acids of this type (Schemes 1-4), their EPC synthesis is currently the subject of investigations. These include the nucleophilic addition to (R)- or (S)-N-sulfinimines (Schemes 6-10) and other Mannich-type transformations (Schemes 19-22), stereoselective alkylations of various chiral hydropyrimidines (Schemes 11, 12, 18), of esters or amides of 2-cyano-alkanoic acids (Schemes 13, 14, 16), and of Li2 derivatives of non-racemic N-protected 3-amino-alkanoates (Scheme 17), as well as sequences of reactions involving enantiopure gem-disubstituted succinic acid derivatives and a Curtius degradation (Schemes 23-26). Oligomers of the achiral gem-disubstituted compounds 1-(aminomethyl)-cyclopropane and -cyclohexane carboxylic acid have already been shown to form 8- and 10-membered hydrogen-bonded rings, respectively (Figure 5), which provide novel motifs for the possible construction of turns, links, or steps in β-peptidic chains.
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  • 270
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 125-132 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Aldol condensations ; Carbohydrates ; C-C coupling ; Isomerases ; Controlled ozonolysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---A short enzymatic route for the synthesis of L-fucose analogs modified at the nonpolar terminus is reported. In particular, fucose derivatives bearing extended linear (1b) and branched (1e) saturated, or various unsaturated (1c, 1d) aliphatic chains have been prepared, in order to increase hydrophobic contacts. The rather general approach involves a sequential application of the recombinant enzymes L-fuculose 1-phosphate aldolase (FucA) and L-fucose ketol isomerase (FucI) from E.coli. Enantiomerically pure L-fucose analogs have been prepared in up to 30% overall yield starting from the appropriate hydroxyaldehyde precursors and dihydroxyacetone phosphate as readily available components. Unsaturated 2-hydroxyaldehydes have been efficiently prepared by alk(en/yn)yl Grignard addition to cinnamaldehyde followed by controlled ozonolysis of the styrene fragment.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 271
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Gabosine ; Secondary metabolite ; Carbohydrates ; Chemical screening ; Biomolecular-chemical screening ; DNA binding ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---In addition to the known gabosines A (4), B (5) and C (6), three new gabosines L (1), N (2) and O (3) were detected by chemical screening as secondary metabolites of Streptomyces (strains GT 041230, GT 051024 and S 1096). The constitutions of 1, 2 and 3 were established by spectroscopic techniques and derivatization reactions. The absolute stereochemistry of 1 and 2 was determined by Helmchen's method and has been verified in the case of gabosine N (2) by X-ray analysis. The DNA-binding properties of the gabosines were investigated and analyzed by binding studies using a recently developed thin-layer chromatography technique (bimolecular-chemical screening).
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  • 272
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Dendrimers ; Fullerenes ; Macromolecular chemistry ; Template synthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The synthesis and complete characterization of dendritic hexakisadducts 8-13 of C60 with a mixed (1:5, 2:4, 3:3 and 4:2) Th symmetrical addition pattern is described. Pentakis-, tetrakis-, tris- and bisadducts 4-7 of C60 with diethyl malonate addends arranged in an incomplete octahedral addition pattern served as core building blocks. Completion of the pseudo-octahedral architecture was achieved by exhaustive cyclopropanation with first- to third-generation bromomalonate dendra 1-3 consisting of the corresponding Fréchet-type 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol subunits. This concept allows for the convergent synthesis of globular dendrimers with a variable number of dendritic malonates (1-4) and a high dendron density in good yields. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra reflect the Th symmetrical addition pattern of the products and reveal spatial interactions of inner dendron branches.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 273
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Hydroxyalkenoic acids ; Hydrogen bonds ; Crystal engineering ; Molecular assemblies ; Scanning force microscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The substituted 6-hydroxy-trans-3-hexenoic acids 2-4 have been prepared by a template coupling reaction between (butadiene)zirconocene, W(CO)6, and cyclobutanone, cyclodecanone, or cyclododecanone, respectively, followed by hydrolytic/oxidative demetallation of the resulting metallacyclic zirconoxycarbene tungsten complexes. The hydroxyalkenoic acids 2-4 have been found to form two novel fundamental types of associated supramolecular structural arrays in the solid state through intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which have been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The cyclobutanone-derived compound 2 exhibits an infinitely extending sheet-like structure, which is composed of symmetrically alternating interconnected 12- and 36-membered rings, each being constructed from the functional groups or frameworks of four individual molecules of 2. In contrast, the cyclodecanone-derived compound 3 adopts a ribbon-type structure composed of C2-symmetrically arranged symmetry-equivalent 15-membered rings, each containing the functionalities from three individual molecules of 2. On the basis of scanning force microscopy studies, the cyclododecanone-derived compound 4 would appear to have a similar structure in the solid state. The structural features of the molecular assemblies that are formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding of compounds 2-4 in the solid state are selectively controlled by the size and favoured conformations of the spiro-anellated carbocyclic rings at C6 of the 6-hydroxy-trans-3-hexenoic acid carbon chain.
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  • 274
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Aminooxy group ; Phosphorylations ; Nucleotides ; Fluorescent labelling ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Preparation of the uridine and adenosine triphosphates 1 and 2 bearing a linker with a terminal aminooxy group is described. Both 1 and 2 react readily with the aldehydic fluorescein derivative 15. They could each be incorporated into a 330-mer fragment with T7 RNA polymerase.
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  • 275
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Macrocycles ; Palladium ; Polymers ; Catalysis ; C-C coupling ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Preparation of the 15-membered cycle (E,E,E)-1,6,11-tris[(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1,6,11-triazacyclopentadeca3,8,13-triene (8) is reported. This cyclic triolefin forms a stable Pd0 complex 9 which catalyzes several cross-coupling reactions and can be recovered. Anchoring to a polystyrene framework affords a solid version of the catalyst, which is recovered by simple filtration and reused without loss of catalytic activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 276
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Allyl azides ; Vinyl azides ; Azirines ; Rearrangements ; Photochemical cis-trans isomerizations ; Rearrangements ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---A reinvestigation of the reaction between 2,3-diphenyl-2H-azirine (1) and phenyldiazomethane (2) has shown that a literature report has to be corrected since no vinyl azide 4 but rather the allylic compound 3-azido-1,2,3-triphenyl-1-propene (3) is produced. This stable substance, which can also be prepared by substitution reactions of allylic bromide (E)-10 or from alcohol (E)-11, may be separated into its geometrical isomers (E)-3 and (Z)-3, although these equilibrate through rapid [3,3] sigmatropic migration of the azido group. Attempts to synthesize 4 by dehydration of azido alcohols 7 using methanesulfonyl chloride and sulfur dioxide or by elimination of hydrogen chloride from azides 15 led only to 3 and 2-benzyl-2,3-diphenyl-2H-azirine (14). This heterocycle, which can also be prepared by Neber rearrangement, has been found to be the thermal and photochemical decomposition product of the unstable vinyl azides 4. However, dehydrations of 7 using thionyl chloride at low temperature have led to the first isolation of 1-azido-1,2,3-triphenyl-1-propenes (4). Starting with 3 and various other allylic azides, rearrangement reactions involving sigmatropic shift of the azido group or photochemical cis-trans isomerization have been investigated, as have base-catalyzed (prototropic) rearrangements to give vinyl azides.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 277
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 281-289 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Phosphorus acid amphiphiles ; (α-Aminoalkyl)phosphonic acids ; Carboxyalkyl (α-aminoalkyl)phosphonic acid monoesters ; Spiro compounds ; Pudovik reaction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The addition reaction between the P-H bond of tetraoxyspirophosphoranes 1-2 and long-chain imines 3a-h (decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, and oleyl imines) occurs instantaneously at room temperature. It is diastereoselective, and quantitatively leads to the corresponding (α-aminoalkyl)spirophosphoranes 4a-h and 5e. The influence of the pentacoordinated phosphorus atom on the stereoselectivity of the Pudovik reaction might be attributed to the involvement of the rigid spirophosphoranide (PV) intermediate in the addition reaction. Selective and one-pot hydrolysis of these P-C bond spirophosphoranes readily proceeds either at room temperature in the presence of moist solvents to give the corresponding carboxyalkyl (α-aminoalkyl)phosphonic acid monoesters 6a-h and 7e, or the reaction may be carried out in the presence of 20% aqueous hydrochloric acid under reflux, to afford the free (α-aminoalkyl)phosphonic acid amphiphiles 8a-h in high yields. In contrast to their sodium salts, these single- and double-chained free and monoester phosphonic acid amphiphiles exist as zwitterions and are not soluble in water.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 278
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 2000 (2000), S. 303-311 
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Phthalocyanines ; Cycloadditions ; Ladder Oligomers ; Macrocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---The condensation of substituted diiminoisoindolines with alkyl-substituted 1,3,3-trichloroisoindolines results in the formation of the highly soluble metal-free phthalocyanines 9, 15. By the same methodology, metal-containing phthalocyanines such as 16, 18 are accessible from suitable metal salts. The precursors 24 and26 were obtained from the phthalocyanine 9 and tetracyclone. The generation of the phthalocyanines 23 and 25 possessing isobenzofuran moieties as diene subunits was accomplished; in the presence of excess 28, the tetracyclone-bisadducts 22 and 24 were transformed into the model compounds 29 and 30, while an excess of 20 or 9 leads to the appropriate trimer-oligomers 31 and 32.
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  • 279
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: “Proton sponge” analogues ; Orientation dependence of hydrogen bonds ; Crystal structures ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---1,2,4,5-Tetrakis(dimethylamino)benzene (4) and 2,3,6,7-tetrakis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (5) were prepared and structurally determined. Electron-donor functions, protonation, and the geometry of intramolecular hydrogen bonds are discussed. By oxidation of 4 to its dication the benzenoid aromaticity is cancelled in favour of two independent cyanine-type units as determined by X-ray structure analysis.
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  • 280
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 13-16 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Pyrazole ; Titanium ; Redox reaction ; Mercury ; Amalgams ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reduction of [L2TiCl2] (1) (L = 3,5-tert-butylpyrazolate) with 1% Na/Hg in tetrahydrofuran (THF) affords the complex [L2TiCl(THF)2] (2), which crystallizes from hexane in moderate yield. The analogous reduction carried out in toluene gives dimeric [(L2TiCl)2] (3) in high yield. If the reduction time is extended to 3 days, the complex [L3Ti] (4) is isolated as light blue crystals in low yield. An alternative procedure for preparing compound 4 requires mixing [TiCl3(THF)3] with 3 equivalents of potassium 3,5-tert-butylpyrazolate in toluene. Crystallization from hexane affords 4 in high yield. Crystallographic data for 2, 3 and 4 are presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 281
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Polyoxometalates ; Ruthenium ; Homogeneous catalysis ; Oxidations ; Microwaves ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Microwave irradiation for 15 minutes allowed the highly selective hydrothermal synthesis of the diamagnetic, air-stable oxidation catalyst [PW11O39RuII(DMSO)]5-, as confirmed by 1H, 31P, 99Ru and 183W NMR techniques.
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  • 282
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 29-32 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Arene complexes ; Ruthenium ; Benzimidazole ; Benzothiazole ; Benzoxazole ; Cycloisomerisation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fourteen ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [RuCl2(η6-arene)L], (arene = 1,4-MeC6H4Pri or C6Me6; L = benzimidazole derivative in which the NH group is substituted by N-alkyl or isoelectronic O or S atoms) have been prepared by cleavage of [RuCl2(η6-arene)]2 with the N-heterocycle L. Their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are described. The effect of the nature of the benzazole (L) on the catalytic activity of these complexes for the intramolecular cyclization of (Z)-3-methylpent-2-en-4-yn-1-ol into 2,3-dimethylfuran has also been studied; the benzimidazole complexes were found to be the most active.
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  • 283
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 59-63 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Phosphorane imine ; Sulfur ligands ; Nickel ; Palladium ; Platinum ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of the trinuclear [M(′S3′)]3 complexes {M = Ni (4), Pd (5), Pt (6); ′S3′2- = bis(2-mercaptophenyl)sulfide (2-)} with HNPnPr3 yielded the new phosphorane imine complexes [M(NHPnPr3)(′S3′)] {M = Ni (1), Pd (2), Pt (3)}. The complexes 1-3 have been completely characterized and are rare examples of mononuclear phosphorane imine complexes with late transition metals. Spectroscopic and structural results indicate that the HNPnPr3 ligands favor the ylidic structure when binding to [M(′S3′)] fragments. X-ray structure determinations showed that [M(NHPnPr3)(′S3′)] complexes associate through N-H···S(thiolate) bridges to give centrosymmetric dimers.
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  • 284
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 75-82 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Macrocyclic ligands ; Conformational equilibria ; EXSY spectroscopy ; Lanthanide-induced shifts ; Solution structure ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure and the conformational equilibria in aqueous and methanolic solutions of YbDOTMA (DOTMA = (1R,4R,7R,10R)-α,α′,α′′,α′′′′-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) are investigated and the dynamics studied by means of NMR methods. The presence of two isomeric forms in slow exchange is confirmed and quantitatively characterized by EXSY. The exchange peaks are assigned to the inversion of the conformation of the macrocycle ring. No evidence is obtained of a reorientation of the methyl acetate substituents. The protons switch between positions with the same geometrical factors, i.e. positions that would have the same pseudocontact shifts were it not for the different magnetic susceptibility anisotropies of the two species; steady-state NOE spectra on the major form allow unequivocal assignment of the conformations of the two isomers.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under -//_/_http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2005/2000/99141_s.pdf or from the author.
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  • 285
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Photocatalysis ; Polyoxotungstates ; Catalytic oxidations ; Iron porphyrins ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoexcitation of (nBu4N)4W10O32 is a suitable mean of oxidizing cyclohexene and cyclooctene with O2 at room temperature and pressure. This process can be carried out in homogeneous solution as well as using the decatungstate in a dispersed form after its heterogenisation on silica. Cyclohexene and cyclooctene are mainly oxidized to the corresponding hydroperoxides as a consequence of primary photoprocesses which lead to the formation of allylic radicals. The presence of the FeIII[meso-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin] chloride as cocatalyst strongly affects the photocatalytic properties of (nBu4N)4W10O32, playing a key role in the allylic-hydroperoxide dependent oxidation of the cycloalkenes. In the photooxidation of cyclohexene, the porphyrin increases the photocatalytic efficiency of the decatungstate in terms of total turnover number and catalyses the decomposition of cyclohexenyl hydroperoxide with the selective formation of cyclohex-2-en-1-ol. On the other hand, its presence during the photoinduced oxidation of cyclooctene favours the formation of cyclooctene epoxide by addition of ROO· and RO· radicals to the double bond. In the case of cyclooctene, the heterogenisation of the decatungstate on the solid support also affects the chemoselectivity of the photocatalytic process in the absence of the iron porphyrin complex.
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  • 286
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 103-112 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ab initio calculations ; Ionization potentials ; Phosphorus ; Heterocycles ; Small ring systems ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio quantum chemical calculations have been used to explore the P3H3 potential energy surface focussing on the ring-chain rearrangements of the three-membered ring in (PH)3 (1), the parent triphosphirane. Relative energies between stationary points were estimated using the QCISD(T)/6-311G(d,p) method based on MP2/6-31G(d,p) geometries and corrected for zero-point contributions. Ring strain, proton affinities, ionization and excitation energies and heats of formation have been evaluated using larger basis sets, e.g. 6-311++G(3df,2p). The cyclic trans-triphosphirane (1a) is the most stable P3H3 isomer and lies about 40 kJ/mol below the open-chain phosphanyldi-phosphene (H2P-P=PH). The decrease of ring strain in three-membered rings when CH2 is replaced by PH is confirmed. Triphosphirane 1a is a virtually strain-free ring and even gains some stabilization relative to three separate P-P single bonds. The reduced ring strain also helps diminish the phosphorus inversion barrier to 224 kJ/mol compared to the monocyclic isomers of (CH2)(PH)2 and (CH2)2(PH). Compound 1a follows a pure ring-opening or a 1,2-hydrogen shift rather than a combined motion pathway, in fundamental contrast with corresponding processes of diphosphirane and phosphirane. This is due to the existence of an open-chain P3H3 phosphorane intermediate stabilized by allylic conjugation. The pericyclic ring-opening of 1a is the most favored process but the energy barrier in the gas phase is about 180 kJ/mol high. Electron density is largely delocalized within the three-membered P3 ring not only in the C3v-symmetric 1b (all-cis) but also in 1a (Cs). The proton affinity of 1a is similar to that of PH3. The proton affinities decrease with n in cyclo-(CH3)3 -n(PH)n and their values were obtained: PA(1a) = 777 ±10, PA(diphosphirane) = 799 ±10 and PA(phosphirane) = 802 ±10 kJ/mol. Heats of formation are evaluated as follows (ΔH°f0 at 0 K in kJ/mol): 1a, 70 ±10; cyclo-(PH)2(PH2)+ (protonated 1a), 821 ±10; diphosphirane, 85 ±10; cyclo-(CH2)(PH)(PH2)+ (protonated diphosphirane), 814 ±10; phosphirane, 86 ±10; and protonated phosphirane, 812 ±10 kJ/mol. All P rings remain cyclic following ionization to the radical cations. Adiabatic ionization energies (IEa) are estimated as: 1a and diphosphirane, 9.3 ±0.3 eV and phosphirane 9.5 ±0.3 eV. The first UV absorption band shifts toward the longer wavelength region on going from phosphirane to 1a. The GIAO/B3LYP computed magnetic shieldings for 1a and related molecules reveal a clear relationship between the narrow bond angles in the rings and their unusually strong magnetic shielding. The similarity of the predicted 31P-NMR signals in 1a and its heteroanalog diphosphirane, (CH2)(PH)2, can be rationalized in terms of a compensation of the carbon-substituent effect (downfield shift) and the bond-bending effect imposed by the ring (upfield shift).
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  • 287
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Copper ; Oxygenase ; Copper-oxygen radical species ; RPY2 ligand ; Oxygenation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe the reactivity of new copper AlkylPY2 type complexes which react with dioxygen and thus hydroxylate an aliphatic C-H bond of the ligand in the same manner as copper-containing monooxygenases.
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  • 288
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 399-407 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Relaxivity ; Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion ; Imaging agents ; NMR spectroscopy ; MRI contrast agents ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dipolar interaction between the metal ion and proximate water molecules represents an efficient mechanism for solvent relaxation in Gd3+ complexes currently employed as MRI contrast agents. Besides inner sphere (metal bound) and outer sphere hydration molecules, a well-defined second coordination shell may provide an additional mechanism for paramagnetic relaxation leading to a strong enhancement of the relaxivity of the complexes. Through a careful choice of hydrogen-bond-acceptor groups on the ligand we may: (1) promote the formation of a strong interaction; (2) increase the number of water molecules in the second hydration shell; (3) decrease their average distance from the paramagnetic metal center. These possibilities have been explored by considering complexes bearing phosphinate, phosphonate and carboxoamide pendant arms, by exploiting the formation of ion-pairs with cationic substrates and inclusion compounds of these adducts with -cyclodextrin. Finally, the contribution of this relaxation mechanism to the relaxivity of the commercially available MRI contrast agents is discussed and the NMRD data reevaluated and compared with crystallographic data.β
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  • 289
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 417-421 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Phosphorus ; Benzynezirconocenes ; Azazirconacyclopentenes ; Exchange reactions ; 1,2-Azaphosphindole ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first 1,2-azaphosphindoles 14a,b, 15a,b were obtained in a straightforward manner upon heating diphenylzirconocene in the presence of a cyanophosphane, which afforded azazirconacyclopentenes 11a,b which can be reacted with various dichlorophosphanes. The use of the tetrachlorodiphosphane Cl2P(CH2)2PCl2 instead of a dichlorophosphane allowed the preparation of the bis(1,2-azaphosphindoles) 19, 19′. The monosulfur adduct of the azaphosphindole 14a, i.e. 16a, was characterized by X-ray structure analysis. Alkylation of 14a or 16a with methyltrifluoromethane sulfonate occurred selectively on the intracyclic phosphorus atom or on the sulfur atom, giving the salts 20 or 21, respectively.
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  • 290
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Functionalized zirconocenes ; Half-sandwich complexes ; Hydroboration ; Propene polymerization/Homogeneous catalysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 6-Amino-6-methylfulvene has been coupled with benzoic acid by treatment with 7-azahydroxybenzotriazole and DCC. Subsequent two-fold deprotonation, at the NH and 6-methyl groups, generated the vinylidene-bridged Cp/benzoylamido ligand 5. Treatment of 5 with ZrCl4(THF)2 gave the spiro-metallocene complex 3a (characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis), while reaction of 5 with (Et2N)2ZrCl2(THF)2 yielded the bridged half-sandwich complex 3b. Treatment of 3a with two molar equivalents of the strongly electrophilic borane HB(C6F5)2 resulted in hydroboration of the exocyclic C=C double bond with concomitant intramolecular N-B adduct formation to yield the azaboretidine-type systems 7 (three diastereoisomers, one of which has been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis). Similarly, hydroboration of 3b with HB(C6F5)2 yielded the azaboretidine derivative 9. Activation of the complexes 7 and 9 with methylalumoxane led to active homogeneous Ziegler-type propene polymerization catalysts.
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  • 291
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ruthenium ; Sulfur ligands ; Exchange reactions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a quest for ruthenium complexes having [RuNS4] cores, a non-fluxional configuration, trans-thiolate donors, and exchangeable coligands L, [Ru(L)(‘pyS4’)] complexes have been synthesized [‘pyS4’2- = 2,6-bis(2-mercaptophenylthio)dimethylpyridine(2-)]. Treatment of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] with ‘pyS4’2- gave [Ru(PPh3)(‘pyS4’)] (1). Alkylation of 1 with excess MeI yielded [Ru(PPh3)(‘pyS4’-Me2)]I2 (2). [Ru(DMSO)(‘pyS4’)] (3) was obtained from [RuCl2(DMSO)4] and ‘pyS4’2-. The PPh3 or DMSO coligands in 1, 2, and 3 proved to be very inert to substitution. Only the DMSO could be displaced by CO under drastic conditions yielding [Ru(CO)(‘pyS4’)] (4). Treatment of [RuCl2(CH3CN)4] with ‘pyS4’2- yielded [Ru(‘pyS4’)]2 (5); in the presence of PEt3 or N2H4 mononuclear [Ru(PEt3)(‘pyS4’)] (6) and [Ru(N2H4)(‘pyS4’)] (7) were formed. Template alkylation of NBu4[Ru(NO)(S2C6H4)2] with 2,6-bis(tosyloxymethyl)pyridine gave [Ru(NO)(‘pyS4’)]Tos (8). Complex 8 proved to be the best suited precursor for L exchange reactions. Under reducing conditions, 8 releases its NO ligand and the resulting [Ru(‘pyS4’)] fragments can combine either with each other to give 5, or with PEt3 and N2H4 to yield 6 and 7, respectively. All complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis; 1, 2, 3, and 4 have also been submitted to X-ray structure analysis.
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  • 292
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Methylnickel complexes ; 2-Phosphanylphenolate ; Chelates ; Homogeneous catalysis ; Oligomerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of various substituted 2-phosphanylphenols 1a-f with half-molar amounts of cis-[MeNi(μ-OMe)(PMe3)]2 have been found to yield square-planar methyl(2-phosphanylphenolato)(trimethylphosphane)nickel(II) complexes 2a-f. 2JPP coupling constants of 305-316 Hz at low temperature indicate a trans-configuration for the products, while broad 31P-NMR signals at room temperature can be attributed to rapid dissociation of PMe3. Reaction with excess 1 gave rigid bis(2-phosphanylphenolato)nickel(II) complexes as exemplified by 3e, whereas addition of PMe3 to 2a led to the pentacoordinate methyl(2-phosphanylphenolato)bis(trimethylphosphane)nickel(II) complex 4a. Higher yields of 4a and 4d were obtained by reactions of 1a and 1d with Me2Ni(PMe3)3. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of 3e and 4a have revealed the structures as square-planar trans-bis- and trigonal-bipyramidal mono(2-phosphanylphenolato)nickel(II) P1O-chelate complexes, respectively. The methylnickel complexes 2 and 4 have been found to be effective one-component catalysts for the oligomerization of ethene. High conversions (〉 96%) were achieved with the P-basic derivatives 2e, 2f, and 4d bearing one or two branched alkyl groups (isopropyl, tert-butyl), whereas the diphenylphosphanyl derivatives were less active; 4d gave shorter oligomers than 2e or 2f.
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  • 293
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Alkoxides ; Lactone ; Ring-opening ; Polymerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of trialkylaluminum Al2R6 (R = Me, Et) with 2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) (mbmpH2) gives the dimeric mono(alkyl) complex [Al(mbmp)R]2 with bridging oxygen atoms. Reaction of [Al(mbmp)R]2 with one equiv. of 2-propanol results in the formation of the dimeric isopropoxide [Al(mbmp)(μ-OiPr)]2. Single-crystal X-ray analysis shows a C2h-symmetric structure with a planar Al2O2 core. Monomeric methylbis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolato)aluminum, AlMe(OC6H2-2,6-tBu2-4-Me)2 (MAD), was found to react with one equiv. of 2-propanol to give a dimeric isopropoxide [AlMe(OC6H2-2,6-tBu2-4-Me)(μ-OiPr)]2 in which the bulky phenolate, instead of the methyl group, has been displaced. According to the single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, the molecule contains a similar Al2O2 core, but the two 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolato ligands are cis- and orthogonally arranged to each other. ε-Caprolactone is polymerized at 50 °C in toluene in a controlled manner by [Al(mbmp)(μ-OiPr)]2, to give poly(ε-caprolactone) with high molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn 〈 1.50). The low efficiency values (number of polymer chains initiated per aluminum atom) imply that [Al(mbmp)(μ-OiPr)]2 exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium. The polymerization of ε-caprolactone by [AlMe(OC6H2-2,6-tBu2-4-Me)(μ-OiPr)]2 is faster, but somewhat less controlled.
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  • 294
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 447-454 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Zinc ; Metalloporphyrins ; Porphyrins ; Cations ; Radicals ; ESR ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zinc(II) complexes of substituted tetraphenylporphyrins, Zn[T(X-P)P], where X = H, p-F, p-Cl, m-Cl, p-CH3O, and m-CH3O, have been synthesized and characterized. Peripheral substitution shows marked changes in the chemical shifts of the phenyl proton resonances and E1/2 values of the redox couples in the anodic region while the UV/Vis spectra are unaffected. The monocation radicals of these complexes are generated by chemical oxidation with bromine. The ESR spectra reveal the formation of two types of radical species, Zn[T(X-P)P]+·Br- (species I) and Zn[T(X-P)(Brn-P)]+·Br- (species II): Species I at 298 K shows a spectrum, with well-resolved bromine hyperfine features, characteristic of a 2A2u electronic ground state while species II, except for the complex with X = m-CH3O, shows a featureless, isotropic resonance attributable to a 2A1u state. Zn[T(m-CH3O-P)(Brn-P)]+·Br-, on the other hand, exhibits nine resolved nitrogen hyperfine features corresponding to a 2A2u state. Variable temperature ESR spectra (77-298 K) indicate reduction in the bromine and nitrogen hyperfine coupling constants and an increase in the g value of species I from 2.0049 to 2.0060 with lowering temperature and suggest a labile electronic ground state for species I. The p-CH3O substituted complex exhibits an electronic transformation from 2A2u to 2A1u while the remaining complexes, including m-CH3O, show a transformation from 2A2u to an admixed 2A1u/2A2u state. The effect of substitution on the variable temperature ESR spectra are discussed.
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  • 295
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Tin ; Nucleotides ; NMR spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interactions between diethyltin dichloride and 5′-CMP, 5′-dCMP, and 5′-UMP in aqueous solution were investigated by multinuclear 1D and 2D NMR techniques including 119Sn, 15N and 31P nuclei. These studies were combined with electrospray mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, solid state 13C, 31P and 117Sn CP-MAS NMR, and elemental analysis. As demonstrated by 31P-1H HOESY spectroscopy, the diethyltin moiety interacts with the phosphate group of the pyrimidic mononucleotides in the pH range 0.5-3.5. Compound 8 (X = Cl), the solid isolated in this pH range from 5′-CMP, contains two tin atoms bridged by one oxygen and one chlorine atom, each tin atom being linked to the phosphate group of a nucleotide moiety. For 5′-UMP the solid isolated (12) has a dimeric structure with two different tin atoms; it can be formed by dimerization of compound 11 with the elimination of two water molecules. As demonstrated by 1H-119Sn HMQC correlation NMR data and the 2J(119Sn-O-117Sn) coupling constant of 156 Hz, the diethyltin moiety reacts with the O(2′) and O(3′) oxygen atoms of the nucleotides to form a dimeric diethyldioxastannolane at pH 〉 9.0. Between pH 5.0 and 9.0, no evidence for any interaction between the diethyltin moiety and the nucleotides was found.
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  • 296
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Coordination chemistry ; Gallium(III) ; Dynamik 19F NMR ; EXSY ; Kinetics of ligand exchange ; Bailar and Rây-Dutt mechanisms ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rates of intramolecular rearrangement of the meridional isomer of the metal tris-chelate complex [Ga(fox)3, fox = 5-fluoro-8-hydroxyquinoline] in DMF solution were measured using 1D NMR line shape analysis and 2D EXSY spectra. The rates of exchange kab, kbc and kac between the three non-equivalent ligands a, b and c were determined. The values of the activation parameters were obtained. ΔH
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  • 297
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Pyrrolizinato complexes ; Tetracyanoethylene ; Phthalocyanines ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complexes of NiII, CuII, ZnII, and CoIII containing the 1,2,6,7-tetracyano-3,5-dihydro-3,5-diiminopyrrolizinide (L) and the 2,4-tert-butylacetylacetonide (DPM) ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The absorption optical spectra of these species and of the corresponding ML2 complexes in coordinating solvents are compared with those of metal-phthalocyanines (MPc) and hydrogen-phthalocyanine (H2Pc), respectively. The comparison shows a close similarity, especially for the nickel-containing species, in the low-energy spectral region where the first π→π* transitions occur (Q band). The Q band position of the pyrrolizinato complexes is much more dependant on the metal than is the case for MPc. For the same metal, the Q band position is also dependant on the M-N bond lengths in the molecular plane. For M = Ni, a reduction of this distance causes a red-shift of the Q band and a decrease of its maximum intensity. These conclusions are based on the X-ray molecular structure of the solvent-free NiL(DPM) complex and its pyridine solvate NiL(DPM)(Pyr)2 · 2 Pyr and on their solvatochromism. A symmetry-based correlation diagram between the frontier orbitals of the pyrrolizinato-complexes and the phthalocyanines is proposed.
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  • 298
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Mesoporous materials ; MCM-41 ; MCM-48 ; Immobilisation ; Solid-state NMR ; Heterogeneous catalysis ; Titanium ; Titanocenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Titanium(IV)-grafted mesoporous silicas have been prepared by diffusion of an excess of the ansa-bridged titanocene [SiMe2(η5-C5H4)2]TiCl2 into the channels of hexagonal MCM-41 and cubic MCM-48 in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The choice of solvent determines the course of the reaction and hence the activity of the resulting materials as catalysts in the catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene with tert-butylhydroperoxide. Magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR (13C, 29Si) spectroscopy was used to characterise the local environment of the surface-bound titanium active sites. When dichloromethane is used, the dominant species anchored to the surface are isolated ansa-bridged titanocene fragments. When THF is used, the [SiMe2(η5-C5H4)2] unit is lost with the concomitant formation of surface-bound TiIV species coordinated by THF molecules. These materials showed the best catalytic performance per Ti atom for the conversion of cyclooctene. All materials were further characterised by means of elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption and FTIR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 299
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 2000 (2000), S. 559-565 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Macrocyclic ligands ; Copper ; EPR spectroscopy ; Electronic spectrophotometry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copper(II) mononuclear complexes with the polyazamacrocyclic ligands NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″triacetate), DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecane-N,N′,N″,N″′-tetraacetate), NOTP [1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-tris(methylenephosphonate)] and DOTP [1,4,7,10tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetrakis(methylenephosphonate)] were characterised in aqueous solution by electronic absorption spectrophotometry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. While two isomeric species were detected by EPR spectroscopy in frozen samples of the polycarboxylate complexes, only one complex form was found for the poly(methylenephosphonate) systems. The results obtained are in accordance with a six-coordinate pattern for the metal centre, yielding tetragonally distorted complexes in solution, in agreement with previously reported studies on CuII complexes, both in solution and in the solid state.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 300
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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