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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2223-2238 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In this paper, a Mindlin plate element is formulated based on the Hellinger-Reissner principle and the γ-technique. The stiffness consists of a constant stress (one-point quadrature) matrix and a stabilization matrix. The stabilization matrix is compared with those previously proposed. In addition, the element uses a projection to modify the nodal displacements so that the patch test is satisfied. The projection matrix is based on a mode decomposition. Several numerical cases are presented, and it is shown that the mode decomposition projection is necessary both for satisfaction of the patch test and convergence.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2307-2321 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A method for the time domain identification of modal parameters of a vibrating structure using Z-transformation sequences is presented in this paper.This identification proceeds using the Z-transfer function of a vibrating structure from which an auto-regressive and moving-average (ARMA) model of the vibrating structure is derived. From this ARMA model and time domain data, the modal parameters can be identified. The time domain data can be obtained from single point or multiple shaker excitation modal testing. To demonstrate the application and efficiency of the method, a test on a simulated cantilever beam is presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2361-2381 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The dynamic behaviour of a saggy suspension cable under a moving load was investigated. First of all, the updated Lagrangian formulation and the finite element method were used to derive the property matrices of a saggy suspension cable in order to define the discretized equations of motion. Then, the Jacobi method was applied to the determination of the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the suspended cable. The moving-load-induced dynamic responses of the saggy suspended cable were obtained by using the Newmark direct integration method incorporated with the Newton-Raphson iteration technique. The influence of some pertinent factors, such as speed of moving load, ratio of axial rigidity to total cable weight (AE/0m̄g0L) and ratio of moving load mass to total cable mass, is the key point of the dynamic analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 211-236 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An a posteriori error estimator is presented which allows a good pointwise evaluation of the error in predicted stresses and can easily be implemented in existing FE codes. Although this estimator has especially been developed for and tested on p-version Hybrid-Trefftz (HT) elements, it is anticipated that it can also be applied to conventional conforming p-version elements. The practical efficiency of the estimator is illustrated through the solution of various plate bending problems by using the HT p-version Kirchhoff plate elements.2
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 245-260 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A numerical model is developed for computing two-dimensional circulation in coastal regions dominated by large tidal flat motion. This model is based on the shallow water momentum and continuity equations being operated upon by the Galerkin finite element method. The particular advantage of the model lies in its ability to accommodate a changing domain boundary. This is accomplished by adopting finite elements that change shape so as to consistently move with the water's edge. Application of the model to the Kuwait Bay is described, and the associated results on circulation are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 315-329 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Electrostatic charging inside a tank is analysed numerically using the boundary integral method. The electrostatic charge is transmitted to the tank through a charged liquid. Profiles for the charge density and potential are obtained in the tank during the filling operation. The analysis is based on the equation governing the transport of charge and Poisson's equation. The results are characterized by two dimensionless parameters, the dimensionless Debye length given by the Debye length divided by the height of the tank, and the number Pe defined as a Peclet number. The results show where the maximum charge density and potential occur and give a prediction of when during the filling operation a hazardous situation may occur.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 385-414 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An assumed strain (strain interpolation) method is used to construct a stabilization matrix for the 9-node shell element. The stabilization procedure can be justified based on the Hellinger-Reissner variational method. It involves a projection vector which is orthogonal to both linear and quadratic fields in the local co-ordinate system of each quadrature point. All terms in the development involve 2 × 2 quadrature in the 9-node element. Example problems show good accuracy and an almost optimal rate of convergence.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2695-2707 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper investigates the possibility of integrating the two currently most popular mesh generation techniques, namely the method of advancing front and the Delaunay triangulation algorithm. The merits of the resulting scheme are its simplicity, efficiency and versatility. With the introduction of ‘non-Delaunay’ line segments, the concept of using Delaunay triangulation as a means of mesh generation is clarified.An efficient algorithm is proposed for the construction of Delaunay triangulations over non-convex planar domains. Interior nodes are first generated within the planar domain. These interior nodes and the boundary nodes are then linked up together to produce a valid triangulation. In the mesh generation process, the Delaunay property of each triangle is ensured by selecting a node having the smallest associated circumcircle. In contrast to convex domains, intersection between the proposed triangle and the domain boundary has to be checked; this can be simply done by considering only the ‘non-Delaunay’ segments on the generation front.Through the study of numerous examples of various characteristics, it is found that high-quality triangular element meshes are obtained by the proposed algorithm, and the mesh generation time bears a linear relationship with the number of elements/nodes of the triangulation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2713-2714 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2715-2760 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In Part I of this paper,1 the conceptual framework of a rate variational least squares formulation of a continuously deforming mixed-variable finite element method was presented for solving a single evolution equation. In Part II2 a system of ordinary differential equations with respect to time was derived for solving a system of three coupled evolution equations by the deforming grid mixed-variable least squares rate variational finite element method. The system of evolution equations describes the coupled heat flow, fluid flow and trace species transport in porous media under conditions when the flow velocities and constituent phase transitions induce sharp fronts in the solution domain. In this paper, we present the method we have adopted to integrate with respect to time the resulting spatially discretized system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. Next, we present computational results obtained using the code in which this deforming mixed finite element method was implemented. Because several features of the formulation are novel and have not been previously attempted, the problems were selected to exercise these features with the objective of demonstrating that the formulation is correct and that the numerical procedures adopted converge to the correct solutions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 20 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2839-2853 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The Zienkiewicz-Zhu error estimator is shown to be effective in problems of plate flexure. When used in conjunction with triangular elements and an adaptive mesh generator allowing a prescribed size of elements to be developed, very fast adaptive convergence for results of specified accuracy is achieved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2889-2906 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The construction of changing sequences of irregular and nested triangulations, based on the use of conforming refinement/derefinement algorithms for triangulations, is presented and discussed. This strategy is particularly appropriate to combine adaptivity and full multigrid algorithms for dealing with moving fronts or fluid dynamics problems. It is shown that the quality of all the triangulations iteratively generated depends only on the geometric characteristics of the initial grid. A data structure suitable to create, manage and modify series of nested triangulations as well as the main features of the DEREF prototype package are described, and numerical examples are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2923-2941 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A unified presentation of some popular continuation procedures used in the non-linear finite element analysis of structural mechanics is introduced. An extension of the elliptical constraint equation proposed by Crisfield is given. It is shown that in the proposed procedure real roots can always be obtained in solving the iterative change of the load parameter. Updated weighting factors are introduced in the constraint equation in order to get better convergence characteristics in the case when localized deformations occur. For bifurcation points a modification of Rheinboldt's branching procedure is presented. Post critical response after limit and bifurcation points is determined in some numerical examples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2191-2202 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This note reports numerical experiments on the efficiency of simple error estimates derived earlier1 applied to incompressible mixed or related penalty type formulations. The rate of convergence and performance of various mixed elements is compared. Numerical results from a driven cavity and an incompressible elastic problem demonstrate that the T6B1/3D and T6/3C elements give a faster rate of convergence than the T6/1D element. However, in the case of a plane extrusion analysis (stronger singularity), the rate of convergence for the T6B1/3D element drops and is inferior to that of the T6/1D, while the T6/3C element still proves superior to the other two elements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2239-2255 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Timoshenko's and Vlasov's beam theories are combined to produce a C0 finite element formulation for arbitrary cross section thin-walled beams. Section properties are generated using a curvilinear co-ordinate system to describe the cross section dimensions. The element includes both shear and warping deformations caused by the bending moments and the bimoment. A Gauss quadrature order is employed which exactly integrates the bending and warping stiffness matrices and provides a reduced integration order for the shear stiffness matrices. Numerical results are presented for a channel section cantilever beam. The influence of shear deformation is investigated and the calculated results are shown to be in excellent agreement with the classical solutions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 929-942 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The virtual crack extension technique is a very efficient and accurate approach to fracture mechanics calculations in the numerical analysis of bodies containing cracks using the finite element method. A few variations of the technique have been described in the literature, and have been extensively used in linear elastic fracture mechanics, where good validation has frequently been available with accepted alternative solutions for standard tests. However, for non-linear materials extra complications arise in the technique, particularly in describing material response in a compatible manner. It is shown that, using few assumptions, a very competitive virtual crack extension technique based, on a direct minimization of potential energy is available for elastic non-linear elastic materials. Such materials can be closely approximated to elastic-plastic behaviour for monotonically increasing loads including mechanical, thermal and body force forms. The technique is described and demonstrated via examples to be in good agreement with alternative fracture parameter evaluations when evaluated in the same computer system, BERSAFE.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 979-979 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 71-85 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A study of linear monochromatic wave propagation is presented, based on a theory of potentials. The usual Berkhoff equation has been extended by the addition of partially pervious solid boundary effects and the bed friction.The problem has been solved by a hybrid finite element method including the effect of singular local elements such as the end of breakwaters or wharfs. This numerical method confirms the interest in quadratic Lagrangian finite elements.The comparisons with analytical solutions and existing numerical results show the validity of the method. Some original examples also prove the good performance of the proposed computation method.As an example, the study of the erosion of the beach of Calvi Bay in Corsica, France is presented. The phenomenon had started already in 1960, but the problem began to be very severe four years ago, after the implementation of a new harbour in 1982 and buildings, hotels, restaurants, and a main sewer on the beach. To consider the impact of these constructions and other factors like waves, currents and geomorphological aspects, the studies were divided into four parts: sedimentological, currents, wave propagation and geomorphological.This paper will describe the results of a complete two years study on the site, from February 1986 to December 1987.Findings show that the erosion process is due to the rise of the relative sea level with, as a catalyst, tourist behaviour and the implementation of the new constructions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 153-167 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Jacket structures have many sub-sea appurtenances attached to them. For example, a typical jacket structure has hundreds of sacrificial anodes attached to its members. The fluid loading of these structures is calculated using Morison's formula. The force coefficients used in the equation are based on experiments carried out, for the most part, on single cylinders in laboratories in ideal flow. There are very few experimental data available for the fluid loading of cylinders with appurtenances. Moreover, it is not possible to calculate theoretically the loading on such configurations in flows of practical interest using approaches such as the finite element method. However, appurtenances can contribute significantly to the overall loading on a structure. This paper presents the preliminary theoretical work that has been carried out as part of a programme to establish a rational method for estimating the fluid loading on tubular members with appurtenances.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2943-2946 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 331-358 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The finite strip method is applied to the non-linear analysis of plate structures. Large deflection effects are included via first order non-linearities in the strain-displacement relations, and material non-linearities are included via the von Mises yield criterion and associated flow rule. The virtual work equations are integrated numerically using Gauss quadrature, and the resulting non-linear equations are solved by Newton-Raphson iteration. Numerical results are presented for many applications including uniformly loaded rectangular and I beams, and square plates with either simply supported or clamped ends (or edges). The results are compared with known results from analytical and/or finite element analyses. Finally, a uniformly loaded stiffened panel is analysed and the results are compared with finite element results. In all cases, the results indicate that a single bending mode in the strip direction is sufficient to yield engineering accuracy for design purposes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 23 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. ii 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2257-2273 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A multi-domain method of solving three-dimensional elastic crack problems in an infinite elastic body using the boundary element method is proposed. The \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \sqrt r $\end{document} displacement and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 1/\sqrt r $\end{document} traction behaviours near a crack front are incorporated in special crack elements. The elimination of singularities arising from the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 1/\sqrt r $\end{document} term combined with Kelvin's kernel for displacement in the integrals is discussed in detail. Stress intensity factors of modes I, II and III are obtained directly from crack-front nodal values, without any extrapolation as in some other methods. No differentiation of conventional boundary integral equations (with Kelvin's tensor kernels) is necessary in the current approach. This method is applicable to cracks of arbitrary shape. Infinite bodies are modelled precisely as such, not approximated as large finite bodies. Numerical solutions of stress intensity factors are given for several problems involving a penny-shaped crack.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2339-2360 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Structural analysis often involves the solution of a sparse system of linear equations using matrix factorization. For structural reanalysis problems, the system of equations is progressively changing and matrix factorization is required at each iteration step. In this paper, we study the problem of updating the structure of sparse matrix factors using an ordered-tree model. The ordered-tree model provides the information needed to symbolically compute the non-zero structure of the matrix factor of a sparse matrix. Furthermore, for matrix factor modification problems, this tree model can be used to determine the numerically modified entries in the matrix factor. Examples for modification of a structure and h-adaptive refinement of a finite element model are given to illustrate the potential application of the procedures developed in this study.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2423-2449 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The development of a general boundary element method (BEM) for two- and three-dimensional quasistatic poroelasticity is discussed in detail. The new formulation, for the complete Biot consolidation theory, operates directly in the time domain and requires only boundary discretization. As a result, the dimensionality of the problem is reduced by one and the method becomes quite attractive for geotechnical analyses, particularly those which involve extensive or infinite domains.The presentation includes the definition of the two key ingredients for the BEM, namely, the fundamental solutions and a reciprocal theorem. Then, once the boundary integral equations are derived, the focus shifts to an overview of the general purpose numerical implementation. This implementation includes higher-order conforming elements, self-adaptive integration and multi-region capability. Finally, several detailed examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy and suitability of this boundary element approach for consolidation analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2451-2463 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Structures are often characterized by parameters, such as mass and stiffness, that are spatially distributed. Parameter identification of distributed structures is subject to many of the difficulties involved in the modelling problem, and the choice of the model can greatly affect the results of the parameter identification process. Analogously to control spillover in the control of distributed-parameter systems, identification spillover is shown to exist as well and its effect is to degrade the parameter estimates. Moreover, as in modelling by the Rayleigh-Ritz method, it is shown that, for a Rayleigh-Ritz type identification algorithm, an inclusion principle exists in the identification of distributed-parameter systems as well, so that the identified natural frequencies approach the actual natural frequencies monotonically from above.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 128
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2569-2581 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: At corners or edges in the boundary of the domain of a potential problem the local normal gradient of potential is double-valued. When Dirichlet boundary conditions are specified there are thus two unknowns at a single nodal point, and the sets of equations resulting from the usual BIE discretization are rendered indeterminate. We discuss here earlier approaches to the resolving of this problem, and describe a further approach which appears to offer some advantages. Both normal gradients can be approximated directly from local potential boundary conditions, showing the problem indeed to be formally overdetermined. This ability is discarded, in favour of yielding a robust and well-conditioned relationship between the two gradients. This, in conjunction with the BIE analysis, permits solutions of considerable accuracy to be found, including the gradients at such corner nodes. Illustrative calculations are presented for rectilinear and curvilinear domains. These show that, even with as few elements as there are corners, and thus one and a half times as many unknowns as there are nodal points, good approximations to the gradients can be obtained. The need for progressively finer discretization as a corner is approached is thus much reduced.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2710-2711 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2711-2711 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2777-2793 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper presents an efficient numerical integration scheme for evaluating the matrices (stiffness, mass, stress-stiffness and thermal load) for a doubly curved, multilayered, composite, quadrilateral shell finite element. The element formulation is based on three-dimensional continuum mechanics theory and it is applicable to the analysis of thin and moderately thick composite shells.The conventional formulation requires a 2 × 2 × 2 or 2 × 2 × 1 Gauss integration per layer for the calculation of element matrices. This method becomes uneconomical when a large number of layers is used owing to an excessive amount of computations. The present formulation is based on explicit separation of the thickness variable from the shell surface parallel variables. With the through-thickness variables separated, they are combined with the thickness dependent material properties and integrated separately. The element matrices are computed using the integrated material matrices and only a 2 × 2 spatial Gauss integration scheme. The response results using the present formulation are identical to those obtained using the conventional formulation. For a small number of layers, the present method requires slightly more CPU time. However, for a larger number of layers, numerical data are presented to demonstrate that the present formulation is an order-of-magnitude economical compared to the conventional scheme.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2829-2838 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper is concerned with the prevention of snow loading on an overhead conductor caused by the mechanism of cylindrical-sleeve growth. The eccentric snow loading on the windward side of the conductor, having finite torsional stiffness, causes the conductor to rotate and a theoretical study of how this rotation can be controlled on attaching counterweights along the span of the conductor is presented. In the absence of counterweights, the non-linear rotation equation is solved analytically in terms of elliptic functions, simulating ice loading by a uniform torque density; for large torque density an asymptotic solution is obtained using matched asymptotic expansions. In the rotation equation the counterweights producing torque at discrete points are incorporated as delta functions which enable the discontinuity in the twisting couple at such locations to be accounted for by means of an integral moment balance. A simple algorithm is then presented for integrating the equation of rotation as an initial value problem which can deal with any distribution of counterweights along the span of the conductor. Illustrative numerical results are presented for zero, one, two, three and four counterweights per span; in the absence of counterweights analytical and numerical solutions are in exact agreement.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2907-2922 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A new method for assembling blocks of global equations in FE programs is presented. The method has been implemented in SAP IV, the well-known FE program.The new assembling process consists of two phases. First, for each pair of blocks, the numbers of active elements are determined in ascending order. Then, from the sequential file containing element matrices, active records only are read and processed, the non-active ones being skipped.The most important features of the new method as compared to the method previously used are the following: (i) it saves up to 2/3 of the CPU-time for assembling, (ii) the amount of data on an auxiliary file is negligible, (iii) it does not require any additional high speed storage, (iv) it can be directly applied in any FE program with blocks using the constant bandwidth row storage scheme, (v) after some modifications it can be applied also in FE programs with blocks using the skyline column storage scheme.The full source code in FORTRAN IV is given in Appendix II.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1299-1316 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The preconditioned conjugate gradient (CG) method is becoming accepted as a powerful tool for solving the linear systems of equations resulting from the application of the finite element method. Applications of the non-linear algorithm are mainly confined to the diagonally scaled CG. In this study the coupling of preconditioning techniques with non-linear versions of the conjugate gradient and quasi-Newton methods creates a set of conjugate- and secant-Newton methods for the solution of non-linear problems. The preconditioning matrices used to improve the ellipticity of the problem and to reduce the computer storage requirements are obtained by the application of the partial preconditioning and the partial elimination techniques. Both techniques use a drop-off parameter ψ to control the computer storage demands of the method, making it more versatile for any computer hardware environment. Consideration is given to the development of a highly effective stability test for the line search minimization routine, which computes accurate values without much effort. This results in a beneficiary effect not only on the convergence properties of the methods but on their efficiency as well.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1371-1387 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An efficient and simple infinite element for modelling the far field potential of water wave diffraction problems is presented. The shape functions in the radial direction comprise the first two terms of the asymptotic expansions of Hankel functions. The integrals with infinite limit for calculating the coefficient matrix have been worked out. Numerical tests on the diffraction by a surface-piercing circular cylinder give surprisingly accurate resultant forces even if the infinite elements are placed very near to the cylinder. Other typical three dimensional examples also show that satisfactory results can be obtained by the use of this simple infinite element. A computer program, WALOAD, has been developed for computing the wave forces on fixed two and three dimensional bodies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1521-1537 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The nature of the crack and the structure behaviour can range from ductile to brittle, depending on material properties, structure geometry, loading condition and external constraints. The influence of variation in fracture toughness, tensile strength and geometrical size scale is investigated on the basis of the π-theorem of dimensional analysis. Strength and toughness present in fact different physical dimensions and any consistent fracture criterion must describe energy dissipation per unit of volume and per unit of crack area respectively. A cohesive crack model is proposed aiming at describing the size effects of fracture mechanics, i.e. the transition from ductile to brittle structure behaviour by increasing the size scale and keeping the geometrical shape unchanged.For extremely brittle cases (e.g. initially uncracked specimens, large and/or slender structures, low fracture toughness, high tensile strength, etc.) a snap-back instability in the equilibrium path occurs and the load-deflection softening branch assumes a positive slope. Both load and deflection must decrease to obtain a slow and controlled crack propagation (whereas in normal softening only the load must decrease). If the loading process is deflection-controlled, the loading capacity presents a discontinuity with a negative jump. It is proved that such a catastrophic event tends to reproduce the classical LEFM-instability (KI = KIC) for small fracture toughnesses and/or for large structure sizes. In these cases, neither the plastic zone develops nor slow crack growth occurs before unstable crack propagation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 137
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1599-1618 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A finite element method based on the virtual work principle to determine the steady state response of frams in free or forced periodic vibration is introduced. The axial and flexural deformations are coupled by mean of the induced axial force along the element. The spatial discretization of the deformations is achieved by the usual finite element method and the time discretization by Fourier coefficients of the nodal displacements. No unconventional element matrices are needed. After applying the harmonic balance method, a set of non-linear algebraic equations of the Fourier coefficients is obtained. These equations are solved by the Newtonian iteration method in terms of the Fourier coefficient increments. Nodal damping can easily be included by a diagonal damping matrix. The direct numerical determination of the Fourier coefficient increments is difficult owing to the presence of peaks, loops and discontinuities of slope along the amplitude-frequency response curves. Parametric construction of the response curves using the phase difference between the response and excitation is recommended to provide more points during the rapid change of the phase (i.e. at resonance). For undamped natural vibration, the method of selective coefficients adopted.Numerical examples on the Duffing equation, a hinged-hinged beam, a clamped-hinged beam, a ring and a frame are given. For reasonably accurate results, it is shown that the number of finite elements must be sufficient to predict at least the linear mode at the frequency of interest and the number of harmones considered must satisfy the conditions of completeness and balanceability, which are discussed in detail.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 138
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1703-1713 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: New fundamental solutions which automatically satisfy boundary conditions at the interfaces of an elastic plate perfectly bonded to two elastic halfspaces are implemented in a 3-D boundary element method (BEM) for crack problems. The BEM features a new integration scheme for highly singular kernels. The capability is achieved through a part analytic and part numerical integration procedure, such that the analytic part of the integration is similar for all slip/opening variations, ‘Part-through’ elliptic cracks in an elastic plate with traction-free surfaces are analysed and the stress intensity factor (SIF) values along the crack front are found to compare favourably with widely accepted numerically obtained SIF results by Raju and Newman.1
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 139
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 23-41 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Momentum transport ; Turbulent mixing layers ; Discrete vortex method ; Time-dependent momentum fluctuations ; Comparison with experiments ; Large-scale structures ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The turbulent momentum transport phenomena in a two-dimensional mixing layer are investigated numerically by a discrete vortex method. The numerical model and calculations are verified through a comparison with existing numerical simulations and experimental measurements. The main emphasis is placed on the exploration of the detailed time-dependent instantaneous local momentum fluctuations and on the comparison of numerical results with available experimental measurements. The current simulations confirm qualitatively the various trends in the turbulent momentum flux and fluctuating components of the velocity in the mixing layer found with several experimental results. The study shows that similarity exists in turbulent momentum quantities along the axial direction of the mixing layer. The calculations also show a definite correlation between the passage of a large-scale structure and a burst in the turbulent momentum flux. The probability density functions of the fluctuating quantities are shown to be mostly Gaussian-like, with only a few exceptions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 99-112 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Mixed and penalty FEM ; Navier-Stokes equations ; Round-off and ill conditioning ; Pressure discretization ; Coupled flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: It is generally accepted that mixed and penalty finite element methods can routinely solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. This paper shows by means of simple examples that problems can arise even for the simpler Stokes equations. The causes of the problem fall in either of two categories: round-off and ill conditioning, or a poor choice of pressure discretization. Nonsensical solutions can be obtained. Computation of the discrete divergence of the flow field is a simple and powerful tool to diagnose such conditions. In the first part of the paper several simple techniques for minimizing the effect of round-off are reviewed. In the second part it is shown that, for coupled flow problems, care must be exercised in the choice of the pressure approximation. A unified treatment of various observations by different workers is presented. This should prove useful for general users of the finite element method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 59-73 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Steady Euler equations ; Transonic flows ; Multigrid methods ; Boundary conditions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Steady 2D Euler flow computations have been performed for a wind tunnel section, designed for research on transonic shock wave-boundary layer interaction. For the discretization of the steady Euler equations, an upwind finite volume technique has been applied. The solution method used is collective, symmetric point Gauss-Seidel relaxation, accelerated by non-linear multigrid. Initial finest grid solutions have been obtained by nested iteration. Automatic grid adaptation has been applied for obtaining sharp shocks. An indication is given of the mathematical quality of four different boundary conditions for the outlet flow. Two transonic flow solutions with shock are presented: a choked and a non-choked flow. Both flow solutions show good shock capturing. A comparison is made with experimental results.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 167-183 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Axisymmetric turbulent flow ; Combustors ; Diffusers ; Navier-Stokes equations k-∊ model ; Zonal grid ; Finite differences ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Numerical studies of turbulent flow in an axisymmetric 45° expansion combustor and bifurcated diffuser are presented. The Navier-Stokes equations incorporating a k-∊ model were solved in a non-orthogonal curvillinear co-ordinate system. A zonal grid method, wherein the flow field was divided into several subsections, was developed. This approach permitted different computational schemes to be used in the various zones. In addition, grid generation was made a more simple task. However, treatment of the zonal boundaries required special handling. Boundary overlap and interpolating techniques were used and an adjustment of the flow variables was required to assure conservation of mass flux. Three finite differencing methods - hybrid, quadratic upwind and skew upwind - were used to represent the convection terms. Results were compared with existing experimental data. In general, good agreement between predicted and measured values was obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 213-233 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Preconditioning ; Conjugate gradients ; Non-symmetric matrices ; Finite elements ; Convective transport ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Preconditioning techniques based on incomplete Gaussian elimination for large, sparse, non-symmetric matrix systems are described. A certain level of fill-in may be specified in the incomplete factorizations. All methods considered may be applied to matrices with arbitrary sparsity patterns, for instance those associated with the general preprocessor algorithms or adaptive mesh techniques. The preconditioners have been combined with five conjugate gradient-like methods and tested on finite element discretized scalar convection-diffusion equations in 2D and 3D. It is found from numerical experiments that an amount of fill-in corresponding to about 50% of the number of original non-zero matrix entries is the optimal choice for this class of preconditioners. The preconditioners show almost no sensitivity to grid distortion. In problems with significantly variable coefficients or anisotropy the preconditioners stabilize the basic iterative schemes in addition to reducing the computational work substantially, mostly by more than 90%. The modified preconditioning technique, where fill-in is added on the main diagonal, performs in general better than the standard incomplete LU factorization, but is inferior to the latter in 3D problems and for matrix systems with complicated sparsity patterns.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 374-374 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 427-452 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Navier-Stokes equations ; Spectral method ; Chebyshev polynomials ; Convection ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A Chebyshev collocation method for solving the unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in vorticity-streamfunction variables is presented and discussed. The discretization in time is obtained through a class of semi-implicit finite difference schemes. Thus at each time cycle the problem reduces to a Stokes-type problem which is solved by means of the influence matrix technique leading to the solution of Helmholtz-type equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Theoretical results on the stability of the method are given. Then a matrix diagonalization procedure for solving the algebraic system resulting from the Chebyshev collocation approximation of the Helmholtz equation is developed and its accuracy is tested. Numerical results are given for the Stokes and the Navier-Stokes equations. Finally the method is applied to a double-diffusive convection problem concerning the stability of a fluid stratified by salinity and heated from below.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 325-340 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Semidirect methods ; Finite difference formulation ; Robust solutions ; Navier-Stokes and energy equations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Semidirect solution techniques can be an effective alternative to the more conventional iterative approaches used in many finite difference methods. This paper summarizes several semidirect techniques which generally have not been applied to the Navier-Stokes and energy equations in finite difference form. The methods presented use both successive substitution and Jacobian-based updates as well as two variations of Broyden's full matrix update. A hybrid method is also presented, as is a norm-reducing search technique that can be used to enhance the convergence characteristics of any semidirect approach. These methods have been compared with the well known iterative methods SIMPLE and SIMPLER. The comparison was performed on the natural convection and driven cavity problems. The semidirect methods proved to be reliably convergent without the need for a priori specification of variable under-relaxation factors, which was necessary with the iterative methods. Natural convection and driven cavity solutions have been readily obtained with the proposed methods for Rayleigh and Reynolds numbers up to 109 and 106 respectively. Of the semidirect techniques, the hybrid approach was the most robust. From an arbitrary zero initial guess this method was able to obtain a solution to the natural convection problem for Rayleigh numbers three orders of magnitude larger than was possible with the Newton-Raphson update. The computational effort required by the semidirect methods is comparable to that required by the iterative methods; however, the memory requirements can be significantly greater.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1051-1055 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1059-1072 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Viscoelastic flow ; Leonov model ; Convective integration ; Finite element method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The finite element method is used to find the elastic strain (and thus the stress) for given velocity fields of the Leonov model fluid. With a simple linearization technique and the Galerkin formulation, the quasi-linear coupled first-order hyperbolic differential equations together with a non-linear equality constraint are solved over the entire domain based on a weighted residual scheme. The proposed numerical scheme has yielded efficient and accurate convective integrations for both the planar channel and the diverging radial flows for the Leonov model fluid. Only the strain in the inflow plane is required to be prescribed as the boundary conditions. In application, it can be conveniently incorporated in an existing finite element algorithm to simulate the Leonov viscoelastic fluid flow with more complex geometry in which the velocity field is not known a priori and an iterative procedure is needed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 741-745 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 151
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 747-761 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Navier-Stokes solutions ; Shock wave/boundary layer interactions ; Newton's iteration ; Upwind differencings ; Symmetric line relaxation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The objective of the paper is twofold. First we describe an upwind/central differencing method for solving the steady Navier-Stokes equations. The symmetric line relaxation method is used to solve the resulting algebraic system to achieve high computational efficiency. The grid spacings used in the calculations are determined from the triple-deck theory, in terms of Mach and Reynolds numbers and other flow parameters. Thus the accuracy of the numerical solutions is improved by comparing them with experimental, analytical and other computational results. Secondly we proceed to study numerically the shock wave/boundary layer interactions in detail, with special attention given to the flow separation. The concept of free interaction is confirmed. Although the separated region varies with Mach and Reynolds numbers, we find that the transverse velocity component behind the incident shock, which has not been identified heretofore, is also an important parameter. A small change of this quantity is sufficient to eliminate the flow separation entirely.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 865-869 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 891-920 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Transient flows ; Oscillating aerofoil ; Dynamic stall ; Navier-Stokes equations ; Finite differences ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Unsteady viscous flow around a large-amplitude and high-frequency oscillating aerofoil is examined in this paper by numerical simulation and experimental visualization. The numerical method is based on the combination of a fourth-order Hermitian finite difference scheme for the stream function equation and a classical second-order scheme to solve the vorticity transport equation. Experiments are carried out by a traditional visualization method using solid tracers suspended in water. The comparison between numerical and experimental results is found to be satisfactory. Time evolutions of the flow structure are presented for Reynolds numbers of 3 × 103 and 104. The influence of the amplitude and frequency of the oscillating motion on the dynamic stall is analysed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1302-1304 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Incompressible flow ; Clebsch potentials ; Three-dimensional ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A recent paper by W. Zijl, which reformulated the Navier-Stokes and Boussinesq equations in terms of Clebsch potentials, has an error that greatly reduces the generality of the results. Some other recent efforts to use such potentials in fluid and plasma dynamics are briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1299-1301 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Navier-Stokes equation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: In a recent paper a generalized potential flow theory and its application to the solution of the Navier-Stokes equation are developed.1 The purpose of this comment is to show that the analysis presented in that paper is in general not correct. We note that the theoretical development of Reference 1 is in fact an extension - although not cited - of some work first done by Hawthorne for steady inviscid flow.2 Hawthorne's solution is correct, and his analysis, which we briefly describe, provides a useful introduction to this note.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1307-1319 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Peaceman-Rachford ADI method ; SOR method ; Oseen approximation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The Navier-Stokes equations, which are the governing equations for a steady, viscous, incompressible fluid rotating about the z-axis with angular velocity ω, are linearized using the Oseen approximation. Two parameters, namely the Reynolds number Re = Ua/v and Reω = 2ωa2/v (the Reynolds number w.r.t. rotation), enter the linearized equations. These equations are solved by the Peaceman-Rachford ADI method and the resulting algebraic equations are solved by the SOR method. Streamlines are plotted and compared with the Oseen solution for the non-rotating case. The magnitude of the vorticity vector with increasing θ is also plotted.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1381-1394 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Heat exchangers ; Crossflow ; Tube bundle ; Nusselt number ; Streamfunction/vorticity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A numerical scheme is developed to predict the heat transfer and pressure drop coefficients in flow through rigid tube bundles. The scheme uses the Galerkin finite element technique. The conservation equations for laminar steady-state flow are cast in the form of streamfunction and vorticity equations. A Picard iteration method is used for the solution of the resulting system of non-linear algebraic equations. Results for the heat transfer and pressure drop coefficients are obtained for tube arrays of pitch ratios of 1·5 and 2·0. Very good agreement of the present results and experimental data obtained in the past is observed up to Reynolds numbers of 1000. It is also observed that the results of the present method show better agreement with the experimental data and that they are applicable for higher Reynolds numbers than results of other studies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1269-1283 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Euler equations ; Real gases ; Local parametrization of the equation of state ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: An efficient algorithm is presented for the solution of the Euler equations of gas dynamics with a general convex equation of state. The scheme is based on solving linearized Riemann problems approximately, and in more than one dimension incorporates operator splitting. In particular, only one function evaluation in each computational cell is required by using a local parametrization of the equation of state. The scheme is applied to two standard test problems in gas dynamics for some specimen equations of state.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1221-1234 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Biharmonic equation ; Stokes flow ; Simple layer potential ; Method of fundamental solutions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A novel formulation of the method of fundamental solutions for the numerical solution of plane biharmonic problems, based on the simple layer potential representation of Fichera, is presented. The applicability and accuracy of the method are demonstrated by examining its performance on a set of practical problems arising in Stokes fluid flow.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1487-1501 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Viscoelastic fluid ; Polymer flow ; Velocity correction method ; Two-step explicit scheme ; Pressure boundary condition ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The effects of non-Newtonian behaviour of a fluid and unsteadiness on flow in a channel with non-uniform cross-section have been investigated. The rheological behaviour of the fluid is assumed to be described by the constitutive equation of a viscoelastic fluid obeying the Oldroyd-B model. The finite element method is used to analyse the flow. The novel features of the present method are the adoption of the velocity correction technique for the momentum equations and of the two-step explicit scheme for the extra stress equations. This approach makes the computational scheme simple in algorithmic structure, which therefore implies that the present technique is capable of handling large-scale problems. The scheme is completed by the introduction of balancing tensor diffusivity (wherever necessary) in the momentum equations. It is important to mention that the proper boundary condition for pressure (at the outlet) has been developed to solve the pressure Poisson equation, and then the results for velocity, pressure and extra stress fields have been computed for different values of the Weissenberg number, viscosity due to elasticity, etc. Finally, it is pertinent to point out that the present numerical scheme, along with the proper boundary condition for pressure developed here, demonstrates its versatility and suitability for analysing the unsteady flow of viscoelastic fluid through a channel with non-uniform cross-section.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 1539-1542 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 145-152 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A two-dimensional finite difference alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme numerical model to solve the vertically integrated form of the non-linear hydrodynamics equations and convection-diffusion equation has been developed for the description of tide flow and pollutant transport in Taipong Bay, China. Computer software for the modelling is well designed to reduce storage and costs of computation. The computed results agree quite well with the observations available. The tidal level, tidal current, residual current and organic pollution in the bay are discussed based on the computed results and observed data. Applications for the environmental problems along the coast of the bay are also mentioned briefly.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 195-213 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Consolidation problems associated with foundations for off-shore structures are described and analysed using the finite element method. The structure itself and the soft underlying soil are modelled by finite elements with different constitutive relationships for each. Interfacial behaviour between the two is simulated by six-noded elements, with a hyperbolic stress-strain relationship.Having modelled the soil-structure system behaviour during the consolidation stage, a soil-structure interaction analysis is then carried out for both shallow and deep foundations. Other important factors, such as the redistribution of stresses in the structure itself which have resulted from differential settlements, will also be investigated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 271-283 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Damage generally refers to the more or less gradual development of micro-voids and micro-cracks. Damage mechanics is the modelling of these phenomena on a structural analysis scale. In this paper we first recall the non-linear behaviour models we have developed to model composite laminates. Then we present two examples of implementations of such models in a structural analysis code in order to simulate the inner-failure of a structure, or to study delamination initiation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 299-321 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The stiffness matrix of a beam made of composite superconductor elements is derived. The effects of friction between conductors through the insulation layers are taken into account. Furthermore, the effects of strand transposition of the wires, already studied by the authors, are included in the model.Some applications of the proposed approach to superconductor layouts proposed for the NET (Next European Torus) toroidal and poloidal field coils are shown. These indicate that the effects of slip are not negligible and should be taken into account in a more reliable structural analysis of the coil system. Parametric studies with varying width and heights of the insulation layer have been also carried out and the corresponding diagrams are shown here.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 166
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 383-401 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A review is given of recent advances in two aspects of the numerical simulation of the buckling and postbuckling responses of composite structures. The first aspect is exploiting non-traditional symmetries exhibited by composite structures; and strategies for reducing the size of the model and the cost of the buckling and postbuckling analyses in the presence of symmetry-breaking conditions (e.g. asymmetry of the material, geometry, and/or loading). The second aspect pertains to the prediction of onset of local delamination in the postbuckling range and accurate determination of transverse shear stresses in the structure. The accuracy and effectiveness of the strategies developed are demonstrated by means of a numerical example.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 167
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 453-453 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 501-522 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: We used a conjugate gradient type method, with preconditioning, to solve the sparse linear systems arising from the discretization of PDEs. With such methods, the main obstacles for complete vectorization have been the preconditioning calculation and its application step within the iteration: for the matrices obtained using 5- or 9-point discretization operators, some well known existing preconditionings (like ILU) require a block-recursive procedure which prevents vectorization. Preconditioners based on nested incomplete factorization, which require the calculation of approximate inverses of tridiagonal matrices, allow complete vectorization of the application step. We present a formulation of such a preconditioning, using a Frobenius norm minimization to calculate the inverses, which also allows complete vectorization of the inverses' calculation, thus making the iterative solver completely vectorizable. Numerical experiments show that the method is robust over a range of symmetric and non-symmetric problems, and up to 4 times faster than other existing methods, such as ILU, depending on the computer and compiler being used. We also show the importance of diagonal scaling used in conjunction with other preconditionings and present some theoretical results concerning the approximate inverses of tridiagonal matrices, calculated using the Frobenius norm minimization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 170
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 571-588 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: ITPACK 2C14 is a package of seven iterative algorithms for solving sparse linear systems represented by Au = b, where A is symmetric and positive definite or mildly non-symmetric. This paper describes the techniques used to vectorize the iterative algorithms in the ITPACK 2C package for the Cyber 205 and Cray X-MP vector computers. The resulting package was named ITPACKV 2C.15 The basic iterative methods in ITPACK 2C are described in terms of matrix-vector multiplications and forward and backward solutions, and the techniques used in the vectorization of these and other computational kernels are given. Results of experiments using ITPACK 2C and ITPACKV 2C are given, including a comparison of megaflop rates and timings for two model problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 589-608 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: NSPCG is the most recent research-oriented software package developed as part of the ITPACK Project at the Center for Numerical Analysis of The University of Texas at Austin. It is designed to solve large sparse systems of linear equations by a variety of different non-symmetric preconditioned conjugate gradient methods. Several different sparse data storage schemes are available for storing the coefficient matrix of the linear system. Matrices with a wide range of structures from highly structured to completely unstructured can be accommodated. To limit memory requirements, the accelerators in the package can be called directly with the matrix stored in a user-defined sparse data storage format (for example, from a particular application) by supplying some user-written routines for certain matrix-vector operations.The main entry point into the package is through a single subroutine call. The various methods are accessed by using a particular naming convention for the first two parameters that in turn selects a preconditioner, an accelerator and a data storage scheme. Some of the basic preconditioners that are available are Jacobi, Incomplete LU Decomposition and Symmetric Successive Overrelaxation as well as block preconditioners. The user can select from a large collection of accelerators such as Conjugate Gradient (CG), Chebyshev (SI, for semi-iterative), Generalized Minimal Residual (GMRES), Biconjugate Gradient Squared (BCGS) and many others. The package is modular so that almost any accelerator can be used with almost any preconditioner. One of the main purposes for the development of the package was to provide a common modular structure for research on iterative methods. The entire package is written in Fortran 77 with vectorization in mind for applications on supercomputers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 172
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The numerical integration of the rate equation of an elastic-plastic material is considered. Special attention is focused on the discretization via the fully implicit backward Euler method in the small strain case with linear elasticity and the yield function a general quadratic in stress space. Here the calculation of the plastic (Lagrange) multiplier reduces to the computation of the smallest positive root of a polynomial in one variable. Explicit formulae are given for some special cases.
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 145-154 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Based on purely kinematical considerations the possibility of inextensional bending is introduced to isoparametric curved C° elements, which, otherwise, are plagued by severe membrane (and shear) locking. The analysis is restricted to arches and axisymmetric deformations of shells, i.e. kinematically two-dimensional problems. The results show exceptionally good accuracy. High reliability of the approach is guaranteed by absence of spurious kinematic modes on the element level, which complements its ability to bend inextensionally (in the case of arches).
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 174
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 193-209 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A phase increment method is introduced to construct the response curves for the damped Duffing oscillator in primary, superharmonic, and subharmonic resonances. Non-linear parameters can be arbitrarily large. The algorithm is numerically stable. All resonance response curves are constructed in a unified manner. Closed loop curves are obtained in subharmonic resonances as opposed to open ended ones predicted by the perturbation method. Higher order resonances are constructed without difficulties. Loops are also observed in superharmonic resonances when non-linearity is not small.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 175
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 241-244 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1485-1485 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 177
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1487-1504 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The presented work addresses the relationships between optimal sampling points, reduced integration and geometric distortion with the objective of estimating errors in terms of those considerations. Isoparametric quadratic plane and solid elements are used as a vehicle for the study. Geometric distortion measures and evaluation conditions, based on convergence requirements, are first defined in terms of the polynomial orders of the geometry and applied strain. Using these, the concept of optimal stress sampling, already established for undistorted elements, is extended to distorted geometry and shown to be effective over a range of geometries and strains. Errors in the strain-displacement relationship and numerical integration of the strains are used to estimate the total response error and to rationalize the connection between optimal stress points and reduced integration. Enhanced convergence, by extension to the representation of linear strains in elements with quadratic geometry, is identified as the main advantage of reduced integration. The applicability of the proposed, and other, distortion parameters to vetting of element geometry and error prediction is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 178
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1567-1576 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In the Part I companion paper, various PCG (preconditioned conjugate gradient) strategies for solving the first order time dependent problem Mu̇ + Ku = f were compared. In all cases M was assumed to be the consistent ‘mass’ matrix arising out of conventional finite element semi-discretization of the partial differential equation, and not its lumped approximation. In the present paper, similar PCG strategies are applied to the second order time dependent problem Mü + Cu̇ + Ku = f. Again consistent M and C can be retained. Various global and element level preconditioners are compared and optimized.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 179
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1645-1660 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This article presents a shooting-type numerical procedure for the analysis of a planar, continuous and flexible member where the material is permitted to unload and reload plastically. A kinematic type of strainhardening rule is employed, and large displacements, large rotations and general cross section shapes are admitted. Though numerical and semi-analytical solutions exist in the literature for specific problems where the internal and external loads increase monotonically (see, for example, References 1-4), little attention has been paid to problems where these loads (specifically internal loads) are permitted to decrease or reverse direction. In the present work a comparison is made with the solution to one such problem found in the literature, and the solution to four additional problems is given to show the versatility and usefulness of the method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 180
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 980-980 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 181
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1041-1060 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A decomposition technique for alternative loading conditions in the integrated optimal structural design is developed. The method, called the move coordination, consists of partitioning the large structural optimization problem into a set of smaller coupled subproblems. In each subproblem only one loading condition is considered and the subproblems are solved in a parallel cyclic way. The coupling among the subproblems is accomplished through the introduction of coordinating constraints between each subproblem. These constraints ensure that the final design is the same and feasible for all subproblems. The method developed is illustrated by two examples of member sizing of truss structures using the integrated optimal design formulation and geometric programming. The method presents the advantage of reducing the size of the optimization problem as well as the computer processing time. The method is also suitable for implementation on computers using parallel processing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 182
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1023-1040 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An operator-splitting algorithm for the two-dimensional convection-dispersion-reaction equation is developed. The flow domain is discretized into triangular elements which are fixed in time. The governing equation is split into three successive initial value problems: a pure convection problem, a pure dispersion problem and a pure reaction problem. For the pure convection problem, solutions are found by the method of characteristics. The solution algorithm involves tracing the characteristic lines backwards in time from a vertex of an element to an interior point. A cubic polynomial is used to interpolate the concentration and its derivatives on an element. For the pure dispersion problem, an explicit finite element algorithm is employed. Analytical solutions are obtained for the pure reaction problem. The treatment of the boundary conditions is also discussed. Several numerical examples are presented. Numerical results agree well with analytical solutions. Because cubic polynomials are used in the interpolation, very little numerical damping and oscillation are introduced, even for the pure convection problem.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 183
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1115-1129 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The NONSS method for numerically integrating time-dependent constitutive equations requires evaluation of the partial derivatives of the constitutive equations. A numerical method for evaluating these partial derivatives has been developed, thus avoiding the cumbersome task of analytically re-deriving the partial derivatives when improvements to the constitutive model are evaluated. This method is based upon the adaptive finite-difference algorithm published by Stepleman and Winarsky. Modifications of their algorithm are described that allow its efficient use within an extended version of NONSS, called NONSS-ND.Using the MATMOD constitutive equations, the capabilities of NONSS-ND are demonstrated by comparing the results of a wide variety of deformation simulations with those of NONSS, for which the derivatives are computed from analytical solutions. The numerical differentiation within NONSS-ND is shown to be sufficiently accurate for use in integrating time-dependent constitutive equations, but results in a 30-100 per cent increase in computation time. Multi-element structural calculations are therefore found to be uneconomical, but NONSS-ND is well suited for testing alternative constitutive models owing to its accuracy and its general applicability to highly non-linear systems of differential equations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 361-382 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Finite element models of the continuum-based theories and two-dimensional plate/shell theories used in the analysis of composite laminates are reviewed. The classical and shear deformation theories up to the third-order are presented in a single theory. Results of linear and non-linear bending, natural vibration and stability of composite laminates are presented for various boundary conditions and lamination schemes. Computational modelling issues related to composite laminates, such as locking, symmetry considerations, boundary conditions, and geometric non-linearity effects on displacements, buckling loads and frequencies are discussed. It is shown that the use of quarter plate models can introduce significant errors into the solution of certain laminates, the non-linear effects are important even at small ratio of the transverse deflection to the thickness of antisymmetric laminates with pinned edges, and that the conventional eigenvalue approach for the determination of buckling loads of composite laminates can be overly conservative.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1265-1282 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A dynamic programming (DP) method is presented for analysis of statically determinate and indeterminate bridges subjected to moving loads such as those specified by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) specifications. These loads consist of uniform lane loading, two-axle truck loading and two-axle truck plus one-axle semitrailer loading. The solution of the DP problem is based on the use of influence line diagrams and extremum functions. Recurrence formulae have been developed for various types of AASHTO live loads. The procedure presented in this article is quite general and can be applied to any type of structures with linear behaviour and any type of moving loads. Six examples are presented: a simply-supported beam, a simply-supported Pratt truss, an arch bridge, a continuous Pratt truss, a continuous frame and a cable-stayed bridge.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 186
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 547-557 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The Successive Overrelaxation (SOR) and the Cyclic Chebyshev Semi-Iterative (CCSI) methods are considered for solving the non-symmetric linear systems Ax = b when A has the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\bf A} = \left({\begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\bf D}_1} & {\bf F} \\ {-{\bf F}^{\rm T}} & {{\bf D}_{\rm 2}}\\ \end{array}} \right) $$\end{document} with D1 and D2 symmetric positive definite (SPD).The D1/2-norms of both methods are determined and it is shown that, though the SOR method is better based on the spectral radius, the CCSI scheme is far better than SOR according to the D1/2-norm.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 187
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 27 (1989), S. 623-635 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 13-25 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In this work, a modal solution method for transient heat conduction utilizing a co-ordinate transformation matrix generated by the Lanczos algorithm is presented. The special characteristics of this co-ordinate transformation are also discussed. The comparisons made in the NASA Insulation Test problem analysis shown that this approach is more cost-effective than direct solutions, without loss of accuracy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 95-108 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An efficient method is developed for sensitivity analysis in shape optimization of axisymmetric structures. The technique of isoparametric mapping is used to generate the finite element mesh from a small set of master elements and master nodes. Co-ordinates of selected master nodes are used as design variables. Shape function values of master elements at derived finite element nodes obtained during the isoparametric mapping process are utilized to calculate the gradients of weight and response of the structures with respect to the design variables. Analytic formulations of the gradients are developed for sensitivity analysis of axisymmetric structures. An optimization procedure using a sequential linear programming method is applied to effectively utilize the calculated gradients. Numerical examples of optimum design of disks subject to thermo-mechanical loadings are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 191
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 155-179 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The paper addresses the question of the accuracy and reliability of the computational analysis of the rhombic plate problem. The Kirchhoff model has a large error (measured in the energy norm) in comparison with the three dimensional solution with a soft simple support; also for very thin plates (t = 1/100a) and all angles (up to α = 90°). The Reissner-Mindlin model gives results 3-5 times better and is less sensitive to the change of the plate angle. The Kirchhoff model is a relatively good approximation of three dimensional setting for a hard simple support. The paradoxical (polygon) behaviour of the simply supported Kirchhoff plate extends to the Reissner-Mindlin model with a hard support. The finite element solution of the Kirchhoff model is addressed in detail. It is shown that higher degree methods are clearly preferable and that the skewness of the elements does not influence essentially the accuracy of the method; the singularity of the solution, which strongly depends on the skewness of the plate, is the primary cause of the deterioration of the performance of the FEM.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 192
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2466-2466 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2517-2540 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The problem of static, non-linear, large three-dimensional deformation of riser bundles used in offshore oil and gas production is studied within the limits of small strain theory. The mathematical model consists of the models of component-risers and connectors which hold risers together. Each riser is modelled as a thin walled, slender, extensible or inextensible tubular beam-column. It is subject to non-linear three-dimensional deformation dependent hydrodynamic loads, torsion and distributed moments, varying axial tension, and internal and external fluid forces. The problem is solved numerically by developing an algorithm which features substructuring, condensation and non-linear incremental finite elements. Substructuring is used to decompose the riser bundle problem into those of individual component-risers and equilibria of connectors. Condensation is used along with the connector equilibrium equations to produce connector forces and moments. Strong non-linearities present in the model are handled by an incremental finite element approach. Accuracy of the computer code is verified by solving simple three-dimensional cases. Two three-dimensional applications are solved for a bundle with seven component-risers and up to a total of 1267 degrees of freedom. Finally, a comparison is made with numerical results of a two-dimensional analysis code. The influence of problem size on total CPU time is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2609-2634 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The conceptual framework of a least squares rate variational approach to the formulation of continuously deforming mixed-variable finite element computational scheme for a single evolution equation was presented in Part I.1 In this paper (Part II), we extend these concepts and present an adaptively deforming mixed variable finite element method for solving general two-dimensional transport problems governed by a system of coupled non-linear partial differential evolution equations. In particular, we consider porous media problems that involve coupled heat and mass transport processes that yield steep continuous moving fronts, and abrupt, discontinuous, moving phase-change interfaces. In this method, the potentials, such as the temperature, pressure and species concentration, and the corresponding fluxes, are permitted to jump in value across the phase-change interfaces. The equations, and the jump conditions, governing the physical phenomena, which were specialized from a general multiphase, multiconstituent mixture theory, provided the basis for the development and implementation of a two-dimensional numerical simulator. This simulator can effectively resolve steep continuous fronts (i.e. shock capturing) without oscillations or numerical dispersion, and can accurately represent and track discontinuous fronts (i.e. shock fitting) through adaptive grid deformation and redistribution. The numerical implementation of this simulator and numerical examples that demonstrate the performance of the computational method are presented in Part III2 of this paper.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 196
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 2709-2710 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 461-474 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A numerical scheme for crack modelling by means of continuous displacement fields is presented. In two-dimensional problems a crack is modelled as a limiting case of two singular lines (with continuous displacements, but discontinuous displacement gradients across them) which tend to coincide with each other. An analysis of the energy dissipated inside the band bounded by both lines allows one to obtain an expression for the characteristic length as the ratio between the energy dissipated per unit surface area (fracture energy) and the energy dissipated per unit volume (specific energy) at a point. The application of these mathematical expressions to the finite element discretized medium allow one to obtain a general spatial and directional expression for the characteristic length which guarantees the objectivity of the results with respect to the size of the finite element mesh. The numerical results presented show the reliability of the proposed expressions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 198
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 476-476 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 199
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 489-509 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An analysis, based on the use of Taylor series expansions, is developed to determine accuracy estimates for derivatives in one and two dimensions computed by differentiation of a finite-element interpolant or approximation. The analysis clarifies some issues concerning special points at which the derivatives are believed to be exceptionally accurate with higher convergence rates (superconvergence). Moreover, it leads directly to a class of post-processing strategies for the derivatives and offers a more direct constructive approach to the subject.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 561-577 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The numerical technique of differential quadrature for the solution of linear and non-linear partial differential equations, first introduced by Bellman and his associates, is applied to the equations governing the deflection and buckling behaviour of one- and two-dimensional structural components. Separate transformations are used for higher-order derivatives, as suggested by Mingle, thus extending the method to treat fourth-order equations and to include multiple, boundary conditions in the respective co-ordinate directions. Results are obtained for various boundary and loading conditions and are compared with existing exact and numerical solutions by other methods. The application of differential quadrature to this class of problems is seen to lead to accurate results with relatively small computational effort.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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