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  • 1985-1989  (8,962)
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  • Cat
  • Psychopharmacology
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feline sporotrichosis: A case report (1989)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 108 (1989), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Sporotrichosis ; Sporothrix schenckii ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The isolation of Sporothrix schenckii from a female European cat it is described. The cat showed lengthened alopecic areas, with prominent nodules in the external surface of the thighs and abdomen. A mycological and histopathological studies of the lesions were carried out. The lesions resolved under treatment with 20% potassium iodide in doses of 0'1 ml/kg oral route in a 8 weeks period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436219
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cerebellar nuclear afferent and efferent connections with the lateral reticular nucleus in the cat as studied with retrograde transport of WGA-HRP (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 471-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Lateral reticular nucleus ; Cerebellar nuclei ; Retrograde transport of WGA-HRP ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cerebellar nuclear projection from the lateral reticular nucleus (NRL) was studied in 29 cats by means of retrograde axonal transport after implantation of the crystalline wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) complex in the cerebellar nuclei. It was confirmed that all the cerebellar nuclei receive afferent fibres from the NRL with the strongest termination in the ipsilateral interposed nuclei. In addition, these experiments give evidence of a previously unrecognized topical pattern in the projection to the interposed nuclei, arranged according to the same principle as in the projection to the immediately overlying cerebellar cortex. Thus, the anterior interposed nucleus receives fibres from all parts of the main NRL, its rostral part especially from laterally situated neurons, while subsequent more caudal parts from more medially situated neurons, while the posterior interposed nucleus receives fibres mainly from the dorsomedial part of the main NRL. The cerebellar nuclear projection to the NRL was investigated in 15 cats using retrograde transport after ventral microiontophoretical ejections of the WGA-HRP complex in the main NRL. The contralateral rostral fastigial nucleus was confirmed as the main origin of this projection, but projecting neurons were, in addition, discovered rostrally in the anterior interposed and dentate nuclei on the same side. No topical differences could be observed following ejections in different parts of the NRL; the majority of the projecting neurons were always concentrated along the ventral and lateral borders of the fastigial nucleus and in the adjacent medial part of the anterior interposed nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319590
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurovisceral sphingomyelinosis in a Siamese cat (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 330-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Sphingomyelinosis ; Neuropathology ; Histochemistry ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report presents the clinical, morphological and biochemical findings on an 11-month-old female Siamese cat with neurovisceral sphingomyelinosis. Gross pathological features and histochemical findings are compared with the human disease counterpart and the previously described animal models. Hepatomegaly was observed while splenomegaly was not. Although sphingomyelin in liver and spleen was biochemically elevated, histochemical results in this case were slightly different from those previously recorded in human and feline Niemann-Pick disease. These results suggest that this feline case might be a different type of animal Niemann-Pick disease to that reported previously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294670
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical studies of normal feline blood and bone marrow cells (1989)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 58 (1989), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Cytochemistry ; Blood ; Bone marrow ; Leukocytes ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood and bone marrow cells of ten clinically healthy cats were stained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), peroxidase (PO), chloroacetate esterase (CAE), alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NBE), sudanophilia, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. Mature neutrophils in blood and bone marrow were devoid of ALP and NBE, but exhibited modest to strong PO, CAE, sudanophilia, and PAS reaction. In bone marrow, sudanophilia, PO, and CAE were prominent at the promyelocyte stage and diminished with cellular differentiation and maturation, while PAS reactivity increased with cell maturation usually from the myelocyte stage onwards. Myeloblasts were negative for all cytochemical reactions, but some large unidentifiable cells reacted strongly for ALP. Eosinophils were slightly reactive for ALP, CAE, and PAS, but not for PO, sudanophilia, and NBE. Basophil granules stained strongly for CAE, revealed PAS positivity, and stained negatively for PO, NBE, ALP, and sudanophilia. Slight ALP activity was detected in the intergranular cytoplasm of basophils. Lymphocytes and monocytes, with few exceptions, stained negatively. An occasional lymphocyte revealed slight globular NBE activity (NaF-resistant) and diffuse PAS reaction, while an occasional monocyte contained a few PO-positive and sudanophilic granules. Monocytes reacted modestly, whereas bone marrow macrophages reacted strongly for NBE (NaF-sensitive). Cells of the erythroid series stained negatively for all cytochemical reactions, megakaryocytes were PAS-positive, and platelets gave positive reactions for PAS and CAE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320772
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projections from the rostral mesencephalic reticular formation to the spinal cord (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 75 (1989), S. 265-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF ; Interstitial nucleus of Cajal ; Spinal cord ; Motoneurons ; Neck muscles ; Axial muscles ; Vertical eye and head movements ; Autoradiography ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eye and head movements are strongly interconnected, because they both play an important role in accurately determining the direction of the visual field. The rostral brainstem includes two areas which contain neurons that participate in the control of both movement and position of the head and eyes. These regions are the caudal third of Field H of Forel, including the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF) and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal with adjacent reticular formation (INC-RF). Lesions in the caudal Field H of Forel in monkey and man result in vertical gaze paralysis. Head tilt to the opposite side and inability to maintain vertical eye position follow lesions in the INC-RF in cat and monkey. Projections from these areas to extraocular motoneurons has previously been observed. We reported a study of the location of neurons in Field H of Forel and INC-RF that project to spinal cord in cat. The distribution of these fiber projections to the spinal cord are described. The results indicate that: 1. Unlike the neurons projecting to the extra-ocular muscle motoneurons, the major portion of the spinally projecting neurons are not located in the riMLF or INC proper but in adjacent areas, i.e. the ventral and lateral parts of the caudal third of the Field H of Forel and in the INCRF. A few neurons were also found in the nucleus of the posterior commissure and ventrally adjoining reticular formation. 2. Neurons in caudal Field H of Forel project, via the ventral part of the ventral funiculus, to the lateral part of the upper cervical ventral horn. This area includes the laterally located motoneuronal cell groups, innervating cleidomastoid, clavotrapezius and splenius motoneurons. At lower cervical levels labeled fibers are distributed to the medial part of the ventral horn. Projections from the caudal Field H of Forel to thoracic or more caudal spinal levels are sparse. 3. Neurons in the INC-RF, together with a few neurons in the area of the nucleus of the posterior commissure, project bilaterally to the medial part of the upper cervical ventral horn, via the dorsal part of the ventral funiculus. This area includes motoneurons innervating prevertebral flexor muscles and some of the motoneurons of the biventer cervicis and complexus muscles. Further caudally, labeled fibers are distributed to the medial part of the ventral horn (laminae VIII and adjoining VII) similar to the projections of Field H of Forel. A few INC-RF projections were observed to low thoracic and lumbosacral levels. It is argued that the neurons in the caudal Field H of Forel, which project to the spinal cord are especially involved in the control of those fast vertical head movements which occur in conjunction with saccadic eye movements. In contrast the INC-RF projections to the spinal cord are responsible for slower, smaller movements controlling the position of the head in the vertical plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247933
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short latency somaesthetic responses in motor cortex, transmitted through the spino-thalamic system, in the cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 75 (1989), S. 639-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Motor cortex ; Somaesthetic responses ; Spinothalamic system ; Intracellular recording ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Evidence is presented that in the cat, the spinothalamic system contributes to short latency somaesthetic responses in motor cortex efferent cells. Intracellular recordings performed on identified pyramidal tract cells and corticospinal cells show that these cells are still activated and/or inhibited from the periphery after a set of central nervous lesions leaving intact only the ventral half of the spinal cord. The responses were attributed to the spinothalamic system. The ascending system is activated through collaterals of afferent fibres running in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. This peripheral link to the motor cortex might participate in updating the motor command on the basis of information feedback from the periphery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249915
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation bias of cat retinal ganglion cells: a reassessment (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 182-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retinal ganglion cells ; Orientation bias ; Receptive field centre ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For cat retinal ganglion cells whose receptive field centres were distributed in specified sections of the left visual field, the deviations of the major axis from the radial, horizontal, and circumferential directions were determined. The percentage of cells with deviations within ± 20° from the radial, horizontal, and circumferential directions were, respectively, 33%, 68%, 16%. In addition, comparison between values of deviation from the horizontal direction for cells located at eccentricities of 10° and 20° from the area centralis showed a statistically significant trend: the bias for the horizontal increased with eccentricity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253635
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unitary characteristics of presumptive cholinergic tegmental neurons during the sleep-waking cycle in freely moving cats (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 519-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pontine tegmentum ; Cholinergic neurons ; Single units ; Sleep-waking states ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 260 neurons were recorded in the rostral pontine tegmentum of freely moving cats during the sleep-waking cycle. Of these, 207 neurons (80%) were located in the dorsal pontine tegmentum containing monoaminergic and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive, or cholinergic neurons. In addition to presumably monoaminergic PS-off cells (n = 51) showing a cessation of discharge during paradoxical sleep (PS) and presumably cholinergic PGO-on cells (n = 40) exhibiting a burst of discharge just prior to and during ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, we observed tonic (n = 108) and phasic (n = 61) neurons exhibiting, respectively, tonic and phasic patterns of discharge during wakefulness and/or paradoxical sleep. Of 87 tonic cells histologically localized in the dorsal pontine tegmentum rich in cholinergic neurons, 46 cells (53%) were identified as giving rise to ascending projections either to the intralaminar thalamic complex (n = 26) or to the ventrolateral posterior hypothalamus (n = 13) or to both (n = 9). Two types of tonic neurons were distinguished: 1) tonic type I neurons (n = 28), showing a tonic pattern and high rates of discharge during both waking and paradoxical sleep as compaired with slow wave sleep; and 2) tonic type II neurons (n = 20), exhibiting a tonic pattern of discharge highly specific to the periods of paradoxical sleep. Tonic type I neurons were further divided into two subclasses on the basis of discharge rates during waking: a) rapid (Type I-R; n = 17); and b) slow (Type I-S; n = 11) units with a discharge frequency of more than 12 spikes/s or less than 5 spikes/s, respectively. Like monoaminergic PS-off and cholinergic PGO-on cells, both tonic type II and type I-S cells were characterized by a long spike duration (median: 3.3 and 3.5 ms), as well as by a slow conduction velocity (median: 1.8 and 1.7 m/s). In the light of these data, we discuss the possible cholinergic nature and functional significance of these ascending tonic neurons in the generation of neocortical electroencephalographic desynchronization occurring during waking and paradoxical sleep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248908
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cat red nucleus activity preceding movement depends on initiation conditions (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 271-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Red nucleus ; Motor initiation ; Single-unit activity ; Reaction time ; Delayed movement ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of 98 Red Nucleus neurons was recorded in 3 cats operantly conditioned to perform a ballistic forelimb flexion movement triggered after a brief sound in a simple Reaction Time condition, or Delayed after the same sound in the presence of a tone cue. Fifty-eight task related neurons presented changes of activity in either one or both conditions. Forty-four of them were studied quantitatively and classified in 3 categories: 1) only 16% of the units presented similar changes of firing preceding the triggered or delayed movement; 2) most units (55%) presented different changes of activity in the two conditions: in the Delayed condition, the activation occurred earlier before the movement, and/or the change in magnitude was reduced or the pattern of activity was modified; 3) moreover, for 29% of the units, the change of activity observed before movement in the Reaction Time condition was severely reduced or even absent in the Delayed condition. For some of these neurons a building-up of activity was observed very early in the Reaction Time condition, during the preparatory period, well before the occurrence of the conditioned stimulus. These results show that the Red Nucleus activity preceding a movement is clearly dependent on its initiation conditions. The distinct patterns of unit firing observed in the Reaction Time condition and in the Delayed condition are tentatively related to the different preparation and initiation constraints determined by the behavioral conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00274984
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of postsynaptic inhibition on the monosynaptic reflex of the cat at different levels of motoneuron pool activity (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 577-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Motoneuron pool ; Inhibition ; Monosynaptic reflex ; Recruitment level ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The motoneurons to the Soleus muscle in the decerebrate cat were activated by the crossed extensor reflex, elicited by stimulation of the contralateral common peroneal (CP) nerve. Monosynaptic reflexes were obtained from the Soleus motoneuron pool by stimulation of the cut L7-S1 dorsal roots. The amplitude of the reflex increased approximately linearly with the recruitment level of the motoneuron pool. Tonic postsynaptic inhibition was induced in the Soleus moto-neuron pool by repetitive antidromic stimulation of the Lateral Gastrocnemius (LG) and Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) nerves at a rate of 17–47 stimuli/s. This reduced the size of the monosynaptic reflex at rest by at least 40%. However, when the motoneurons were active, the amplitude of the monosynaptic reflex obtained during repetitive stimulation of the LG-MG nerve increased with the recruitment level along the same curve as the control reflexes. Thus, tonic postsynaptic inhibition of the motoneurons per se cannot control the amplitude of the monosynaptic reflex independently of the recruitment level of the motoneuron pool. These experimental results verify predictions from computer simulations and suggest by exclusion that presynaptic inhibition is needed to control the amplitude of the monosynaptic reflex independently of the recruitment level of the motor pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249610
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Note on the tonotopic organization in the cat medial geniculate body: influence of sampling of units (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 220-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Medial geniculate body ; Hearing ; Tonotopic organization ; Single unit recording
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tonotopic organization observed in the present study for the pars lateralis (LV) of the medial geniculate body (MGB) in nitrous oxide anesthetized cats is generally consistent with that previously reported under barbiturate anesthesia. The present data, however, provide evidence for local deviations in characteristic frequency (CF) using appropriate sampling procedures of single units. Although the majority of pairs of units recorded simultaneously with the same microelectrode showed comparable CFs, a few pairs of such neighbouring units displayed CF disparities of up to 1.5 octaves. In addition, some units characterized by an elevated threshold had a CF deviating significantly from the general CF progression observed for the majority of units having low thresholds. This study points out the influence of the sampling procedure on the quality of the tonotopic organization observed in the MGB in addition to a possible effect of the level of anesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248295
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axis of preferred motion is a function of bar length in visual cortical receptive fields (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Moving stimuli ; Orientation specificity ; Preferred axes ; Spot-response-axis ; Striate cortex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The responses of 82 simple cells and 41 complex cells in area 17 of anesthetized and paralysed cats were examined with light bars of different length. For 84% of the simple cells and 66% of the complex cells the preferred axis of orientation of a stationary flashing long bar (orientational selectivity) and the preferred axis of movement of a small spot were parallel. As a consequence, the axis of maximal response to a moving light spot was mostly orthogonal to the optimal axis of a moving bar. Thus, a single cell responds to two perpendicular axes of preferred movement one for a long bar and one for a light spot, respectively. For both axes independent direction preferences could be distinguished. Additional preferred axes of movement between the two orthogonal extremes could be found with moving bars of intermediate lengths. This can be explained by the fact that cells with a pronounced response to a moving spot showed a strong tendency for intermediate bar length to elicit responses consisting of a superposition of both components. Therefore, decreasing bar length resulted in a gradual rotation of the preferred direction of movement from orthogonal to parallel with respect to the orientational axis, rather than to a mere widening of the tuning curve. Accordingly, the change in orientation selectivity with decreasing bar length is a regular transition from the orientation dependent response to a response type that depends only on the movement axis of the spot. Thus, in a simple model, the resulting response characteristic can be interpreted as an average of both components weighted according to the length of the stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247890
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eye movements evoked by microstimulations in the brainstem of the alert cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 94-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Eye movement ; Brainstem ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study maps the eye movements evoked by microstimulations in the medulla of 9 alert cats. Trains of square waves (20 μA amplitude, 0.2 msec duration, 200 Hz) were delivered through glass-covered tungsten microelectrodes (0.5–1 MΩ). Movements of both eyes were recorded by the magnetic field/eye coil technique. Stimulation of the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PH) evoked nystagmus with ipsilaterally-directed slow phases followed by after-nystagmus with contralaterally-directed slow phases. Stimulation of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) induced nystagmus whose slow phases were more often ipsilaterally-directed but at time contralaterally-directed. At nearly all sites where we stimulated the reticular formation underlying prepositus and vestibular nuclei (from P4.5 to P12), we recorded versional conjugate movements. They were most often ipsilaterally-directed. Some microstimulations in the region of the medial longitudinal fasciculus evoked recentering eye movements: regardless of the initial position of the gaze (to the left as well as to the right), microstimulations given at the same place induced a movement of both eyes toward their neutral position. The amplitude of this movement was proportional to the eccentricity of the pre-stimulation position of the gaze.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250571
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central distributions of the efferent and afferent components of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves: an HRP study in the cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 327-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pharyngeal vagus nerve ; Pharyngeal glossopharyngeal nerve ; Nucleus ambiguus ; Retrofacial nucleus ; Lateral reticular formation ; Nucleus of solitary tract ; Alaminar spinal trigeminal nucleus ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The central distributions of efferent and afferent components of the pharyngeal branches of the vagus (PH-X) and glossopharyngeal (PH-IX) nerves in the cat were studied by soaking their central cut ends in a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) solution. HRP-labelled PH-X neurones were distributed ipsilaterally in the rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and the retrofacial nucleus (RFN); HRP-labelled PH-IX neurones were found in the ipsilateral RFN and the bulbopontine lateral reticular formation (RF). Vagal pharyngeal neurones constituted a large population of brainstem motoneurones. The population of HRP-labelled glossopharyngeal neurones was divided into two components. Indeed, on the basis of their location and somal morphology, the most ventral cells were identified as cranial motoneurones and those scattered in the lateral RF as parasympathetic preganglionic neurones. Application of HRP to the PH-IX nerve resulted also in the labelling of fibres and terminals in the alaminar spinal trigeminal nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). The afferent fibres entered the lateral medulla with the glossopharyngeal roots, ran dorsomedially, then turned caudally toward the NTS and the caudal part of the alaminar spinal trigeminal motor (V) nucleus. In the NTS, labelled fibres ran mainly along the solitary tract, projecting to terminals in the dorsal and dorsolateral nuclei of the NTS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228904
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to rates of luminance change of sustained and transient cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus and optic tract (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 116-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Optic tract ; Sustained cells ; Transient cells ; Temporal luminance modulation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We recorded the response of sustained (X) and transient (Y) cells in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and optic tract to a stationary spot while the spot luminance was increased and decreased with a constant rate (linear luminance functions), or modulated sinusoidally. The spot filled the receptive field center, and was surrounded by an annulus of fixed luminance. The LGN X cells seemed to perform a differentiation-like operation in the time domain at slow temporal modulations, giving information about rate of luminance change. To the linear luminance functions the cells responded with a constant firing rate. The on-center cells were activated during increasing luminance, the off-center cells during decreasing luminance. This firing rate increased monotonically with rate of luminance change. To low-frequency sinusoidal modulations the cells had a marked negative phase shift. The response of the LGN Y cells had a transient component shortly after the luminance started to increase (on-center cells) or decrease (off-center cells), followed by a secondary, gradually changing component. The peak of the transient component occurred on average when the response of the X cells increased most rapidly. To low-frequency sinusoidal modulation the average negative phase shift of this peak was twice the average of the X cells. The Y system could accordingly provide information about rate of change in the response of the X system. In the optic tract the X fiber response resembled the LGN X cell response in most respects. The Y fibers had only a weak transient response component, so this component was accentuated in the thalamic relay. Also the sensitivity for rate of luminance change was increased in LGN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248285
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory interactions between phrenic motoneurons: intracellular study in the cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Phrenic motoneurons ; Intracellular recording ; Interactions ; Recurrent EPSPs ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Intracellular recordings were made from 220 Phrenic Motoneurons (PM) in anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats, deafferented from C3 to C7, in order to look for somatic events related to the Recurrent Responses (RR) evoked in PM axons by repetitive stimulation of the phrenic nerve. RR appear sporadically at a constant latency, originate from a spinal nicotinic mechanism and can be evoked in a PM without the presence of an antidromic volley in its axon (Khatib et al. 1986). 2. Using stimuli effective for eliciting RR in axons, we failed to observe intracellularly somatic events corresponding to RR after the occurence of an antidromic action potential. RR were observed extracellularly in two cases, but in both cases the recording originated from axons. 3. We attempted to elicit somatic RR without a preceding antidromic action potential, using either parathreshold stimulation of the impaled PM, or suprathreshold stimulation of a phrenic strand which excluded the axon of the impaled PM. In both cases, RR-like events, with very stable latencies, appeared sporadically in 4/142 and 2/15 PMs respectively. 4. Parathreshold stimuli or stimulation of a strand were coupled with averaging of the synaptic noise in order to look for small events temporally related to the stimuli. Short latency small depolarizations, looking-like recurrent EPSPs, were revealed in 22/142 and 5/15 PMs respectively. 5. These results confirm the existence of interrelations between PMs, providing for re-excitation and coupling within the phrenic pool, in addition to centrally imposed synchronization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248286
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binocular depth perception, visual acuity and visual fields in cats following neonatal section of the optic chiasm (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 272-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Corpus callosum ; Optic chiasm ; Stereoacuity ; Visual acuity ; Visual fields
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the role of the transcallosal pathway in stereopsis by measuring binocular and monocular depth perception in two cats that had undergone section of the optic chiasm at the age of 21 d. To ensure that the surgery did not impair vision to the extent that depth perception could not be evaluated, visual acuity and visual fields were also measured. In both of the chiasm-sectioned animals the visual fields were reduced and the visual acuity was substantially lower than in normal cats, with a maximum of about 2 cyc deg-1. Binocular depth thresholds of the chiasm-sectioned cats were worse than those of the normal cat but were better than their own monocular thresholds. These results suggest that the chiasm-sectioned animals were still able to use binocular cues to judge depth and indicate that the indirect pathway through the corpus callosum is sufficient to mediate binocular depth perception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248860
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of axonal branching of fibres from certain precerebellar nuclei to the cerebellar cortex and nuclei: a retrograde fluorescent double-labelling study in the cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 75 (1989), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Precerebellar nuclei ; Cerebellar cortex and nuclei ; Fluoro-Gold ; Rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate (RITC) ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The projections from certain brain stem precerebellar nuclei to the cerebellar cortex and nuclei have been examined in the cat by using the retrograde fluorescent double-labelling technique. Crystalline Fluoro-Gold was implanted into the left cerebellar nuclei from the contralateral side and rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate was injected into the overlying cerebellar cortex. The inferior olive, the lateral reticular nucleus, and the reticular tegmental pontine nucleus all contained double- as well as single-labelled neurons, and it was concluded that these nuclei have a high number of neurons whose axons branch to both the cerebellar cortex and nuclei. The neurons in the paramedian reticular nucleus and the pontine nuclei proper appear to project only to the cerebellar cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248525
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of short latency cutaneous excitation in flexor and extensor motoneurons during fictive locomotion in the cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 77 (1989), S. 57-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cutaneous EPSPs ; Fictive locomotion ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined modulation of transmission in short-latency, distal hindlimb cutaneous reflex pathways during fictive locomotion in 19 decerebrate cats. Fictive stepping was produced either by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) or by administration of Nialamide and 1-DOPA to acutely spinalized animals. Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) produced by electrical stimulation of low threshold afferents (〈 2.5 times threshold) in the superficial peroneal (SP), sural, saphenous or medial plantar nerves were recorded intracellularly from various extensor (n = 28) and flexor (n = 24) motoneurons and averaged throughout the step cycle, together with voltage responses to intrasomatic constant current pulses (in order to monitor relative cell input resistance). Each motoneuron studied displayed rhythmic background oscillations in membrane potential and correlated variations in input resistance. The average input resistance of extensor motoneurons was lowest during mid-flexion, when the cells were relatively hyperpolarized and silent. Conversely, average input resistance of flexor motoneurons was highest during mid-flexion, when they were depolarized and active. The amplitude of the minimum-latency excitatory components of PSPs produced by cutaneous nerve stimulation were measured from computer averaged records representing six subdivisions of the fictive step cycle. Oligosynaptic EPSP components were consistently modulated only in the superficial peroneal responses in flexor motoneurons, which exhibited enhanced amplitude during the flexion phase. With the other skin nerves tested (sural, saphenous, and plantar), no consistent patterns of modulation were observed during fictive locomotion. We conclude that transmission through some, but not all, oligosynaptic excitatory cutaneous pathways is enhanced by premotoneuronal mechanisms during the flexion phase of fictive stepping in several cat hindlimb motor nuclei. The present results suggest that the patterns of interaction between the locomotor central pattern generator and excitatory cutaneous reflex pathways depend on the source of afferent input and on the identity of the target motoneuron population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250567
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharyngeal motoneurones: respiratory-related activity and responses to laryngeal afferents in the decerebrate cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 336-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vagal pharyngeal nerve ; Glossopharyngeal nerve ; Single fibre recordings ; Respiratory-related units ; Superior laryngeal nerve ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In decerebrate, paralyzed and artificially ventilated cats, we recorded the discharge of 64 motor axons supplying the pharyngeal muscles. Filaments containing motor axons, with discharges related to the respiratory cycle (phrenic nerve activity), were teased from the pharyngeal branches of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. Most units (n = 41) fired only during expiration and exhibited a steady, a decreasing or a late augmenting discharge pattern. These units were found only in vagal filaments. Twenty three units discharged during inspiration and exhibited a steady, a late augmenting or a tonic discharge pattern. The inspiratory-related units were present in both the vagus (n=13) and glossopharyngeal (n=10) nerves. Nineteen of 20 pharyngeal inspiratoryrelated units tested were activated at short latency (range 3.4 to 8.0 ms) by stimulation of afferents in the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). In 13 of these, such stimulation also suppressed their spontaneous activity. SLN stimulation elicited in all 17 pharyngeal expiratory-related units tested a short latency (range 0 to 8 ms) reduction of activity, followed in 7 units by an increase in activity. SLN stimulation occasionally evoked single or rhythmic multifibre bursts in the vagal pharyngeal filaments. These bursts, involving expiratory-related units, likely correspond to the buccopharyngeal stage of swallowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228905
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative measurements of receptive field changes during antagonism of GABAergic transmission in primary somatosensory cortex of cats (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 514-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Bicuculline ; Inhibition ; Latency ; Receptive field profile ; Somatosensory cortex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In cortical area 3b of cats, responses of 76 single neurons to punctate indentations were recorded before and during iontophoretic administration of bicuculline methiodide (BMI), a GABAergic antagonist, at levels that did not affect spontaneous activity. Constant amplitude indentations were applied to selected sites along distalproximal and radial-ulnar axes that intersected the most sensitive area in the receptive field. Profiles of response magnitudes were used to measure receptive field dimensions before and during antagonism of GABAergic inhibition. Blockade of GABAergic transmission caused receptive field dimensions of 48 rapidly-adapting neurons to increase an average 141%, or nearly 2.5 times their original size. Analysis of the spatial distribution of inhibition indicated that in-field inhibition was larger than surround inhibition. During BMI administration, response latency was significantly longer for response elicited from the expanded territory than for responses elicited from within the original receptive field, suggesting that receptive field expansion might be mediated by multisynaptic intracortical connections. The magnitude of receptive field expansion was independent of receptive field size or peripheral location. In a substantial number of neurons, however, BMI produced asymmetric expansions that extended only in the proximal direction. For 9 slowly-adapting neurons, BMI produced measureable increases in receptive field dimensions, but these changes were significantly smaller than the changes in rapidly-adapting neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230239
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actions of excitatory amino acid antagonists on synaptic potentials of layer II/III neurons of the cat's visual cortex (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 489-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: NMDA receptor ; Visual cortex ; Excitatory amino acid ; Slice ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Actions of excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonists on the responses of cells in layers II/III and IV of the cat's visual cortex to stimulation of layer VI and the underlying white matter were studied in slice preparations. Antagonists used were 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV), a selective antagonist for the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type of EAA receptors, and kynurenate, a broadspectrum antagonist for the three types of EAA receptors. In extracellular recordings it was demonstrated that most of the layer II/III cells were sensitive to APV, while the great majority of the layer IV cells were not, By contrast, kynurenate suppressed the responses completely in both layers. Excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by stimulation of layer VI and the while matter were recorded intracellularly from layer II/III neurons. To determine whether the EPSPs were elicited mono- or polysynaptically, the synaptic delay for each EPSP was calculated from a pair of onset latencies of EPSPs evoked by stimulation of the two sites. Forty-two percent of the layer II/III cells were classified as having monosynaptic EPSPs. In 60% of these monosynaptic cells, the rising slope of the EPSPs was reduced by APV while in the other 40%, it was not. In the former (APV-sensitive cells), subtraction of the APV-sensitive component from the total EPSP indicated that the onset latency of the NMDA receptor-mediated component was roughly equal to that of the non-NMDA component. In the latter (APV-resistant cells), only the slowly-decaying component was in part mediated by NMDA receptors. The conduction velocities of the afferent fibers innervating APV-resistant cells were slower than those of the APV-sensitive cells, suggesting that both types of cells are innervated by different types of afferents. The polysynaptic EPSPs of almost all layer II/III cells were sensitive to APV. The subtraction method indicated that the NMDA component had about the same magnitude as the non-NMDA components. When the slices were superfused by a Mg2+-free solution, the EPSPs were potentiated dramatically, but this potentiation was reduced to the control level during the administration of APV. Similarly, APV-sensitive components were potentiated during the administration of bicuculline, a selective antagonist for gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors of A type. These results suggest that NMDA receptors participate, at varying degrees, in excitatory synaptic transmission at most layer II/III cells in the cat's visual cortex, and their actions appear to be regulated by intracortical inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230237
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural thermosensitivity after bilateral lesions of the lateral funiculi in the cervical spinal cord of the cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 374-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thermosensitivity ; Spinal cord ; Ascending pathways ; Behaviour ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The behavioural thermosensitivity of six cats was measured before and after single stage, symmetrical, bilateral, surgical lesions of the cervical spinal cord. The lesions were aimed at an area in the most ventral parts of the dorsal halves of the lateral funiculi. Unilateral lesions of that area have previously been found to cause reproducible, although subtotal, contralateral thermosensory defects, which were attributed to interruption of the thermosensory spinothalamic pathway. The lesions of three of the present cats were found to be incomplete, and those animals showed no postoperative thermosensory deficiency. Two of the cats with complete lesions showed marked post-operative defects, especially immediately after the operations, but the third cat with a complete lesion showed no postoperative thermosensory defect at all. The differences between the last three animals have been compared to the irregularity of previous reports about thermosensitivity after spinal cord lesions in man and animals, and may depend on the testing technique, rather than differences of thermosensitivity per se.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228909
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of intrinsic cortical axons in area 3b of cat primary somatosensory cortex (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 501-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Somatosensory cortex ; Interlaminar ; Corticortical ; SI ; Area 3b ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of single neurons in area 3b of cat primary somatosensory (SI) cortex was examined after horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections. Neurons were labeled either by intracellular injection of HRP following intracellular recording or by small extracellular iontophoretic HRP injections. Both pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons were labeled and reconstructed from serial sections. Their axons had local, interlaminar and interareal patterns of termination. Most neurons formed local axonal fields around their cell bodies and dendrites. Pyramidal neurons in cortical layer IV sent axons up into layers II and III, neurons in layers II and III sent axons down to layer V, and layer V neurons sent axons to layer VI as well as back to the upper layers. Layer VI neurons sent axons back to the upper cortical layers in a unique bowl-shaped pattern. The horizontal distribution of axons of pyramidal cells in layer III was extremely widespread. Axons of layer III neurons in area 3b terminated within 3b and area 1, but not in other areas of SI. Layer III neurons in area 1 distributed axon collaterals to all fields of SI as well as projecting a main axon to motor cortex. In general, the axon collaterals of area 3b pyramidal cells outside layer III remained confined to area 3b. Most of the nonpyramidal neurons labeled were basket cells in layers III and VI. These neurons formed dense axonal fields around their cell bodies, and none of their axons could be followed into the underlying white matter. The results of the present study demonstrate that area 3b somatosensory cortical neurons and their axons are vertically organized in a manner similar to that reported for other sensory cortical areas. They also show that widespread horizontal connections are formed by pyramidal neurons of layer III, and that these horizontal axons can travel for great distances in the cortical grey matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230238
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of the sensorimotor cortex in postural adjustments accompanying a conditioned paw lift in the standing cat (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 588-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Motor cortex ; Conditioned movement ; Posture ; Balance control ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of the sensorimotor cortex in the postural adjustments associated with conditioned paw lifting movements was investigated in the cat. Cats were trained to stand quietly on four strain gauge equipped platforms and to perform a lift-off movement with one forelimb when a conditioned tone was presented. The parameters recorded were the vertical forces exerted by the paws on each platform, the lateral and antero-posterior displacements of rods implanted on the T2, T12, L5 vertebrae as well as their rotation, and the EMG of triceps and biceps of both forelimbs. Before lesion, the postural adjustment consisted of a “nondiagonal” pattern where the CG was displaced laterally inside the triangle formed by the three remaining supporting limbs. Here a lateral bending of the thoracic column toward the supporting forelimb could be observed. The associated EMG pattern consisted of an early activation of the triceps lateral head in the moving limb which was probably responsible for the body displacement toward the opposite side, and a late biceps activation associated with the lift. In the supporting forelimb, a coactivation of the biceps and triceps was usually present. After contralateral sensorimotor lesion, the conditioned lifting movements were lost for 4–15 days after the lesion, before being subsequently recovered. The same lateral CG displacement and bending of the back was seen after lesion as before, which indicates that the goal of postural adjustment was preserved. However, the means of reaching it were modified. In most of the intact animals, the CG displacement was achieved in one step, whereas in the animals with lesions, the displacement was made either according to a slow ramp mode or in a discontinuous manner involving several steps. The mechanisms responsible for this disturbance are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230246
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of inhibitory processes in the formation of functional properties of neurons in vibrissal projection zone of the cat somatosensory cortex (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 198-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Somatosensory cortex ; Directional sensitivity ; GABA inhibition ; Picrotoxin ; Bicuculline ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of intracortical inhibitory processes in the formation of neuronal receptive fields in the vibrissal projection zone of the somatosensory cortex was studied. Iontophoretic application of picrotoxin and bicuculline blocks the inhibition and causes the loss of directional sensitivity in neurons. Activation of inhibition by distant glutamate application gives opposite results — neurons become direction sensitive. A dependence was found between spatial location of activated cells and the pattern of changes of their detector properties. Inhibitory processes caused by natural afferent stimulation lead to similar changes in the functional properties of neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253637
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dark rearing on the development of visual callosal connections (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 203-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Corpus callosum ; Development ; Vision ; Dark rearing ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is now well established that during normal postnatal development there is a partial elimination of the callosal projections of cortical areas 17 and 18 in the cat and that visual experience early in life can modulate this process. In the present experiments, we quantitatively studied the influence of light, per se, by rearing cats in total darkness. Dark rearing exaggerates the normally occurring partial elimination of immature callosal projections: it causes a significant reduction in the total number of neurons in both the supra-and infragranular layers that send an axon through the corpus callosum and slightly narrows the distribution of these neurons across areas 17 and 18. These data demonstrate that visual stimulation is not necessary either to initiate the partial elimination of immature callosal projections or to stabilize a large fraction of the callosal projections present at birth. However, normal visual stimulation is necessary for the stabilization of the normal complement of callosal projections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230700
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercostal and abdominal muscle afferent influence on caudal medullary expiratory neurons that drive abdominal muscles (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 78 (1989), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Control of respiration ; Intercostal muscle afferents ; Phrenic nerve ; Abdominal muscle afferents ; Expiratory neurons ; Abdominal muscle control ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Our objective was to determine if caudal ventral respiratory group (VRG) expiratory (E) neurons that drive abdominal expiratory motoneurons in the lumbar cord respond to intercostal and lumbar nerve afferent stimulation. Results showed that 92% of medullary E-neurons that were antidromically activated from the upper lumbar cord reduced their activity in response to stimulation of external and internal intercostal and lumbar nerve afferents. We conclude that afferent information from intercostal and abdominal muscle tendon organs has an inhibitory effect on caudal VRG E-neurons that drive abdominal expiratory motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230702
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic potentials induced by postganglionic stimulations in cat bladder parasympathetic neurones (1989)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 414 (1989), S. 235-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cat ; Urinary bladder ; Parasympathetic ganglion neurone ; Postganglionic stimulation ; Synaptic potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intracellular recording techniques were used to examine and compare synaptic potentials evoked by stimulating pre- and postganglionic nerve trunks in cat bladder parasympathetic ganglia. In the 76 ganglion cells exammed, two types of responses were recorded on stimulating the postganglionic nerve: an antidromic action potential (type Post NS1;n=30) or a fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (f-EPSP; type PostNS2;n=46) which resulted in an orthodromic-like action potential. In some of the cells exhibiting a PostNS1 response (n=19), a fast depolarization was superimposed on the antidromic spike. This depolarization was due to the synaptic activation of nicotinic receptors. In many of the cells exhibiting either PostNS1 or PostNS2 responses, repetitive stimulation of the postganglionic nerve induced a slow hyperpolarization. Applying nicotinic (hexamethonium, methonium, 0.5–1 mM), muscarinic (atropine, 1 μM), alpha-adrenergic (phentolamine, 1 μM) and purinergic (caffeine, 0.5–1 mM) receptor antagonists completely inhibited the tetanus-induced slow hyperpolarization in some cells (n=5). In other cells (n=15), a slow hyperpolarization persisted in the presence of these antagonists. These results indicate that stimulation of the postganglionic nerve trunk of cat bladder parasympathetic ganglia can elicit not only an antidromic action potential, but also synaptic potentials which are mediated by the activation of cholinergic (nicotinic and muscarinic), noradrenergic and purinergic receptors, as well as a non-cholinergic, non-alpha-adrenergic and non-purinergic synaptic potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580969
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oro-facial dyskinesia and the sub-commissural part of the globus pallidus in the cat: role of acetylcholine and its interaction with GABA (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 381-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Oro-facial dyskinesia ; Globus pallidus ; GABA ; Acetylcholine ; Behaviour ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possible role of cholinergic mechanisms in the sub-commissural part of the globus pallidus (scGP) in the induction of oro-facial dyskinesia (OFD) was studied in cats. Local injections of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the scGP elicited tongue protrusions in a dose dependent way (100–1000 ng/0.5 μl). The effect elicited by 1000 ng carbachol was selectively antagonized by the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine (10 μg/0.5 μl); this dose of scopolamine was ineffective when injected alone. The tongue protrusions resulted from both normal and abnormal movements: whereas normal movements simply consisted of protruding the flat tongue, abnormal movements implied a variety of movements, especially curling upwards the lateral side(s) or tip of the tongue inside or outside the oral cavity. The abnormal carbachol-induced tongue protrusions formed part of a syndrome marked by dyskinetic movements of the muscles of the eye, ear and cheek, and were identical to those seen previously after local injections of picrotoxin (250–500 ng). Intra-pallidal injections of the abovementioned dose of scopolamine had no effect on the tongue protrusions induced by local injections of 375 ng picrotoxin. However, local injections of 100 ng muscimol, which was previously found to attenuate significantly the effect of 375 ng picrotoxin and which was ineffective when injected alone, significantly attenuated the tongue protrusions induced by local injections of 1000 ng carbachol. These data suggest that the cholinergic effects are mediated via a GABAergic mechanism, but not vice versa. The results are discussed in view of GABAergic and anticholinergic therapies used in oro-facial dyskinesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445562
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    The interface of clinical psychopharmacology and psychopathology (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 238 (1989), S. 280-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Psychopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four areas of common interest for clinical psychopharmacology and psychopathology are identified: (1) the diagnostic-based approach in clinical psychopharmacology; (2) the characterization of psychotropic drugs according the main psychopathologically defined target symptoms; (3) prediction of treatment response; (4) development of rating scales. The current state of research strategies in these areas is discussed and the need for new strategies is stressed. In particular, diagnosis-based research strategies in clinical psychopharmacology are not fully justified by empirical data; an alternative approach is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00449809
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    [3H]ICS 205-930 labels 5-HT3 recognition sites in membranes of cat and rabbit vagus nerve and superior cervical ganglion (1989)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 340 (1989), S. 396-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: 5-HT3 receptors ; Radioligand binding ; [3H]ICS 205-930 ; Cat ; Rabbit ; Vagus nerve ; Superior cervical ganglion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The binding characteristics of [3H]ICS 205-930, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, were investigated in membranes prepared from cat and rabbit vagus nerve (VN) and superior cervical ganglion (SCG). The autoradiographic localisation of 5-HT3 recognition sites was also assessed using [3H]ICS 205-930 in slices from cat medulla oblongata, nodose ganglion and vagus nerve. [3H]ICS 205-930 bound to a homogeneous population of high affinity recognition sites in cat VN: Bmax = 201 ± 43 fmol/mg protein, pKD = 9.26 ± 0.17 and SCG: Bmax = 291 ± 40 fmol/mg, pKD = 9.35 ± 0.80 (n = 3). Competition experiments performed in membranes from cat VN and SCG with agonists and antagonists suggested the presence of a homogeneous population of [3H]ICS 205-930 recognition sites. Competition curves were steep and monophasic and were best fitted by a 1 receptor site model. The following rank order of affinity for [3H]ICS 205-930 binding sites was observed with antagonists: SDZ 206-830 = ICS 205-930 〉 BRL 43694 〉 SDZ 206–792 〉 quipazine 〉 MDL 72222 〉 metoclopramide 〉 mCPP and agonists: 2-methyl-5-HT = 5-HT 〉 phenylbiguanide. A similar profile was observed for a limited series of compounds in rabbit membranes. Drugs acting at 5-HT1, 5-HT2 and dopamine receptors (domperidone, spiperone and metergoline) showed very low affinities for [3H]ICS 205-930 recognition sites. The sites labelled with [3H]ICS 205-930 in vagus nerve and superior cervical ganglion of both species displayed the pharmacological profile of a 5-HT3 receptor. There was a significant correlation between the rank order of affinity of the tested compounds for [3H]ICS 205-930 recognition sites in cat and rabbit membranes and their rank order of affinity for 5-HT3 receptors from neuroblastoma-glioma NG 108-15 cells. Autoradiographic studies suggest that [3H]ICS 205-930 binding sites are present over and around the nodose ganglion cell somata, along certain fibers of the vagus nerve and in the terminal areas of this nerve in the medullar nucleus of the vagus. The present data demonstrate that [3H]ICS 205-930 identifies 5-HT3 receptors in preparations of cat and rabbit vagus nerve and superior cervical ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167040
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  • 33
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    Carotid occlusion increases the release of endogenous GABA in the nucleus of the solitary tract (1989)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 340 (1989), S. 764-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) ; GABA release ; Carotid occlusion ; Blood pressure ; Push-pull cannula ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In anaesthetized cats, the nucleus of the solitary tract was bilaterally superfused through push-pull cannulae with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the effect of carotid occlusion on the release of endogenous GABA was investigated. Bilateral carotid occlusion led to a rise in blood pressure which was associated with a very pronounced increase in the release rate of GABA in the nucleus of the solitary tract. The results demonstrate the hypertensive function of GABA in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the importance of GABAergic neurons of this nucleus for the central cardiovascular control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169687
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    Gap junctions between odontoblasts revealed by transjunctional flux of fluorescent tracers (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 611-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell communication ; Dye-coupling ; Odontoblasts ; Gap junctions ; Dentin sensitivity ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cell communication between odontoblasts was investigated with the use of fluorescent-dye tracers; Lucifer Yellow CH (molecular weight = 457.3), and dextran-Lucifer Yellow CH (average molecular weight = 10000). Dyes were injected into cell bodies of individual odontoblasts via an intracellular microelectrode or into a group of cells through their processes, and passage to adjacent cells was examined with a fluorescence microscope. Lucifer Yellow CH appeared to diffuse very easily among odontoblasts, while dextran-Lucifer Yellow remained within the injected cell or cells. This efficient migration of Lucifer Yellow CH can be considered a functional manifestation of gap junctions between odontoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218874
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    NPY-, galanin-, VIP/PHI-, CGRP- and substance P-immunoreactive neuronal subpopulations in cat autonomic and sensory ganglia and their projections (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 259-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Autonomic ganglia ; Spinal ganglia ; Sensory neurons ; Neurotransmitters ; Sweat glands ; Blood vessels ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuronal subpopulations in the cat stellate, lower lumbar and sacral sympathetic ganglia were studied with regard to the cellular distribution of immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and various neuronal peptides. Coexistence of neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and galanin (GAL)-like immunoreactivity (LI) was found in a high proportion of the neuronal cell bodies; these cells also contained immunoreactivity to TH, confirming their presumably noradrenergic nature. Some TH- and GAL-immunoreactive principal ganglion cells lacked NPY-LI. Two populations (scattered and clustered) of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)- and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI)-positive cell bodies were found in the sympathetic ganglia studied. The scattered VIP/PHI neurons also contained AChE-LI, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-and, following culture, substance P (SP)-LI. The clustered type only contained AChE-LI. In the submandibular and sphenopalatine ganglia, neurons were AChE- and VIP/ PHI-immunoreactive but lacked CGRP- and SP-LI. Many GAL- and occasional TH-positive neurons were found in these ganglia. In the spinal ganglia, single NPY-immunoreactive sensory neuronal cells were observed, in addition to CGRP- and SP-positive neurons. The present results show that there are at least two populations of sympathetic cholinergic neurons in the cat. Retrograde tracing experiments indicate that the scattered type of cholinergic neurons contains four vasodilator peptides (VIP, PHI, CGRP, SP) and provides an important input to sweat glands, whereas the clustered type (containing VIP and PHI) mainly innervates blood vessels in muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218883
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    Nerve-induced secretion of parotid acinar granules in cats (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 549-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Salivary secretion ; Parotid gland ; Exocytosis ; Secretory granules ; Autonomic nerve-stimulation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy of cat parotid glands revealed great heterogeneity in the secretory granules of normal unstimulated acinar cells. Electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve to the gland evoked a copious flow of parotid saliva which was accompanied by an extensive depletion of the secretory granules from the acinar cells. Exocytosis was captured as it was occurring by means of perfusion-fixation, and showed that the events occur in a conventional manner. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerve caused only a very small flow of saliva, and no acinar degranulation was detected. It can be concluded that the parasympathetic secretomotor axons provide the main drive for parotid acinar degranulation in the cat. This contrasts with the rat in which sympathetic impulses provide the main stimulus for parotid acinar degranulation. These dissimilarities serve to emphasise how extensively species differences may influence autonomic responses in salivary glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221465
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    Separation of some antihistamines on impregnated TLC silica plates (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 46-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Different metal salts have been tried as impregnating reagents for developing TLC separation schemes for some antihistamines on silica gel ‘G’ plates, using a new solvent system benzene + dimethyl formamide + acetic acid (30:10:7). Spots were visualized by spraying with a solution of Dragendroff's reagent.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030112
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    Product news (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030114
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    A simplified method for the preparation of wga-sepharose 4B and its use in the purification of MN blood group antigens (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 10-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simplified method for the preparation of wheat germ agglutinin(WGA)-Sepharose 4B by coupling highly purified WGA, prepared by improved affinity chromatography, with BrCN activated Sepharose 4B in a solution of high carbonate buffer is described. The amount of WGA linked to Sepharose 4B was 82.40% (3.07 mg WGA per ml Sepharose 4B). MN blood group antigens of human erythrocyte membranes purified with WGA-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE). The yield of the antigens from 400 mL fresh blood was 32-40 mg. The WGA-Sepharose 4B column could be used several times without loss of activity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030104
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    A simple method for the characterization of photoproducts from DNA applied to the cis-syn thymine dimer (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 32-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for the unambiguous characterization of DNA photoproducts has been developed. It does not require radio-labelled DNA, or specialized techniques. In the preliminary step, UV-irradiated DNA is hydrolysed to its constituent bases and photoproducts. The photoproducts are then separated from nucleic acid bases using low pressure ion-exchange chromatography on a Dowex 1 × 8 200-400, and an Amberlite CG-50-H+ column. Further separation and purification of photoproducts is carried out on the HPLC Whatman Partisil ODS2 column, using 15% MeOH. The procedure is simple, reproducible and versatile.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030108
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  • 41
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    Improved TLC systems for rapid resolution of phenyl thiohydantoin amino acids (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two new solvent systems, n-hexane + propionic acid (26:5, v/v) and chloroform + acetone (29:3, v/v), for the rapid resolution and identification of an 18-component mixture of phenylthiohydantoin amino acids are reported. Using these systems certain difficult combinations of phenylthiohydantoin amino acids are resolved. Two more solvent systems, viz chloroform+acetic acid (27:3, v/v) and chloroform + methanol (30:4, v/v), are developed to resolve phenylthiodantoin derivatives of aspartic and glutamic acids.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030111
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    Calendar of events (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030113
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    Simultaneous measurement of ethosuximide and phenobarbital in brain tissue, serum and urine by HPLC (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple rapid method for simultaneous ethosuximide and phenobarbital assay in brain tissue, serum and urine has been developed. Extraction of samples from brain tissue and serum were performed with dichloromethane at low pH in the presence of an excess of ammonium sulfate. Glucuronide conjugates in urine samples were hydrolyzed by enzymatic cleavage with β-glucuronidase and then extracted with dichloromethane. The extracts were analyzed using a Spherisorb 5 ODS column and a mixture of acetonitrile, methanol and phosphate buffer (21: 24: 55, v/v) as eluent. No interference was encountered and the method is both precise and reproducible.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030202
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    Determination of halofuginone in bovine plasma by competing-ion high performance liquid chromatography after solid phase extraction (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 136-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of the anticoccidial and antitheilerial drug halofuginone in bovine plasma was developed. Samples were diluted with acetic acid (10%, v/v) and cleaned up on a Bond Elut C8 column. The analyte was eluted from the extraction column and chromatographed by reversed-phase HPLC using decylamine as a competing-ion reagent. Detection was by UV at 243 nm. Recovery from plasma was 75%, and within-day and between-day coefficients of variation were 5.23 and 6.35% respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of this method (limit of detection in plasma, 1 ng/mL) were sufficiently high to enable us to characterize the time course of the drug in plasma after oral administration of therapeutic doses to cattle.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030310
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030401
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  • 46
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    Determination of total and free concentration of propranolol in human plasma by displacement electrophoresis in a two-layer polyacrylamide gel using fluorimetric detection (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new method based on displacement electrophoresis has been developed for the determination of the total and free concentration of propranolol, a β-adrenergic blocker drug, in plasma. To determine the total concentration the drug is extracted from human plasma into a chloroform + heptane mixture in the presence of ammonia. After evaporation of the solvent mixture the residue is submitted to displacement electrophoresis in a glass tube containing a two-layer polyacrylamide gel. When the propranolol electrophoretically leaves the gel column it is transferred by a buffer flow to the cuvette of a fluorimeter for continuous detection and quantification. The concentration of the free non-protein bound drug can be determined by the same displacement electrophoresis technique following extraction of the plasma sample into the above organic solvent mixture in the absence of ammonia. Alternatively the extraction procedure can be exchanged for dialysis for 1 h. To decrease the risk that large size material might comigrate with propranolol two layers of polyacrylamide are used, one having small pores to retard such material. In addition, we use fluorimetric detection which means that many possible contaminants are not recorded and therefore do not affect a quantitative determination of propranolol.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030405
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  • 47
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    Multidimensional chromatographic separation of estrogen receptors (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Analyses of estrogen and progesterone receptors in biopsies of breast carcinoma play a vital role in the selection of patients likely to respond to hormone manipulation. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation has been the reference method in the determination of estrogen receptors in human breast carcinoma cytosols. To reduce assay time and circumvent prolonged manipulation of labile receptor preparations, high performance liquid chromatography techniques in the size-exclusion and ion-exchange modes were compared as potential alternate methods for the rapid separation of receptor isoforms. Multidimensional analyses were performed by reapplying estrogen receptor isoforms obtained from high performance size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography to sucrose density gradients and vice versa. This confirmed that the estrogen-binding components identified by high performance liquid chromatography appear to correspond to estrogen receptor species from sucrose density gradients.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030606
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  • 48
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    Rapid determination of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil, Ro 15-1788, by high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 269-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive (2 ng/mL) and specific method for the determination of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 or flumazenil is described. Following a simple extraction, the compound is analyzed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detection at 245 nm. The method was applied to plasma specimens collected from patients receiving a single dose of this drug.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030609
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  • 49
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    Capillary gas chromatographic determination of epomediol in human plasma and urine using a rapid solid-phase extraction (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple and precise method for the quantitation of epomediol in human plasma and urine is described. Each biological sample is added with the internal standard and applied directly to an Extrelut-1 solid-phase column. After absorption the column is eluted with chloroform and the eluate is evaporated to dryness. The residue, reconstituted in ethanol, is analysed by capillary gas chromatography. No interferences from possible metabolites or endogenous constituents can be noted. The method has been applied to human pharmacokinetic studies: the results of a subacute administration to volunteers are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030505
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  • 50
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    High performance liquid chromatography stability study of malonyl-coenzyme A, using statistical experimental designsThis paper is dedicated to Prof. P. De Moerloose on the occasion of his 65th birthday. (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Malonyl-CoA is a biochemically important compound, formed by an acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase catalysed reaction. The stability of this short-chain coenzyme A derivative under various experimental conditions is discussed in this article. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the analysis of the reaction mixture because of its excellent selectivity and sufficient sensitivity. Several variables were investigated as possible stability-influencing factors: pH, magnesium and buffer concentration, reaction temperature and time. The Plackett-Burman screening design was first used for selecting the most important variables, with which a central composite design was constructed. In this way, a response surface was obtained with the percentage remaining malonyl-CoA as a function of magnesium concentration, reaction temperature and time. The usefulness of this approach is demonstrated by obtaining kinetic data from the mathematical function and by the evaluation of the stopping of reaction procedure in the activity assay of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030508
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    Isolation of glycoprotein D from herpes simplex virus type 1 by gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit kidney (RK-13) and human jejunum and ileum (I-407) cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1, strain F, were radiolabelled with [14C]glucosamine or [35S]methionine for 24 h. The cells were extracted with 1% Triton X-100 and the extracts were separated by gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography. Monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitation of the fractions collected from the column revealed a monomeric glycoprotein D (gD) of 52 - 56 000 molecular weight from RK-13 cells and two monomeric forms of gD, 54 000 and 58 000 molecular weight, from I-407 cells. Densitometry scanning of the autoradiograms from SDS-PAGE showed gD from the RK-13 host cells to be 98.7% pure with the [35S]methionine label and 97.0% pure with the [14C]glucosamine. On the other hand, gD from the I-407 host cells was only 78.6% with the [35S]methionine label and 96% pure with the [14C]glucosamine. This method could provide a means for the isolation of native gD for structural and immunological studies.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030510
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    Thin layer chromatography of dansyl and dinitrophenyl derivatives of amino acids. A review (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivatives of amino acids have found continual application in protein sequencing since Sanger used them for the first time for the sequencing of insulin. Dansyl derivatives of amino acids have been widely used in protein sequencing because of their fluorescent nature. The success of protein sequencing largely depends upon correct identification of such derivatives. The choice for the method of identification is related to cost, the availability of instrumentation and to the sensitivity needed for the analysis. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is simple and has several advantages over other chromatographic methods. Therefore the literature after 1972 is reviewed for TLC analysis of dansyl- and DNP-amino acids, the two important amino acid derivatives required for identifying protein sequences. Additionally, the literature on the TLC resolution of enantiomeric mixtures of dansyl amino acids is reviewed. Application of various adsorbents, composition of solvent systems and other experimental conditions together with successful resolution data have been discussed. TLC provides a direct and inexpensive method for the resolution of enantiomers, and is fast becoming a sensitive instrumentalized quantitative analytical technique.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030602
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    Simultaneous determination of some organophosphorus pesticides by high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 272-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An HPLC method for the simultaneous detection of six organophosphorus pesticides (Dimethoate, Ethion, Malathion, Phorate, Phosalone and Parathion) on a Zorbex ODS column using methanol + water (80: 20) as solvent is described.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    High performance liquid chromatography of biological polyamines using immobilized enzyme as post-column reactor followed by electrochemical detection (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A novel analytical method for biological polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) was developed. Polyamines were separated by ion-pair reversed phase chromatography using a polymer-based octadecyl bonded column. A polyamine oxidase immobilized column worked effectively as a post-column reactor to convert polyamines to hydrogen peroxide which was eventually detected by electrochemical oxidation on platinum electrode. This method required neither tedious derivatization nor gradient elution, permitting us to perform simple and rapid analysis of polyamines. The detection limits were 0.3, 0.6, and 4 pmol injected for putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, respectively with a linear range of two to three orders of magnitude. Chromatograms obtained with samples from human urine and rat brain homogenates demonstrated the high sensitivity and selectivity of the method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030502
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  • 55
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    High performance ion exchange chromatography of human plasma lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 276-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Highly purified monomeric human plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), completely free of apolipoprotein D, has been chromatographed on a MonoQ HR 5/5 anion exchanger. LCAT eluted as symmetrical peaks after 12.8 min and 14.8 min at pH 5.0 and pH 6.0, respectively, using a linear NaCl gradient. The corresponding concentrations of NaCI effecting desorption of LCAT from the anion exchanger were 125 mM and 175 mM. At both pH values human serum albumin eluted earlier and was well separated from the enzyme. Rechromatography of LCAT in the eluates from these experiments at acid pH, on high performance gel filtration, demonstrated absence of aggregation. The nonspecific adsorption during anion exchange chromatography at pH 5.0 and pH 6.0 was negligible, as demonstrated by a linear relationship between injected amounts of LCAT and recorded peak areas for a 2-20 μg protein range. Zone immunoelectrophoresis assay indicated unaltered immunoreactivity of the eluted LCAT.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030612
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  • 56
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    Reversed phase HPLC of different membrane-bound variant surface glycoprotein preparations from Trypanosoma brucei brucei (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The chromatographic behaviour of the membrane-attached variant surface glycoprotein (mfVSG) of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei AnTat 1.1 A preparations were studied by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Among the different preparation procedures used, only the trifluoroacetic acid extraction gave a mfVSG preparation which was eluted from the RP-HPLC column. As well as for the soluble variant surface glycoprotein (sVSG) it was found that different mfVSG forms were eluted at different organic solvent concentrations from the RP-HPLC column. In addition, in preliminary studies, we have attempted to characterize the factors responsible for the trypanosome surface coat assembly. Using chromatographic techniques (RP-HPLC and thin layer chromatography), the results suggest a close relationship between the content of lipid-containing species and the heterogeneity of mfVSG preparation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030203
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  • 57
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030101
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    Product news (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. ii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030214
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  • 59
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    Product news (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. iii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030312
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  • 60
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    Quantification of midodrine and its active metabolite in plasma using a high performance liquid chromatography column switching technique (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An automated column-switching HPLC system is described for the simultaneous determination of midodrine, an alpha-adrenergic stimulating drug, and its active metabolite, ST-1059. Serum or plasma (850 μ L) is directly injected onto a RP 18 (30 μm particle size) pre-column (9 × 4 mm ID) which acts as an on-line liquid-solid extractor and analyte enrichment system. The injection is followed by washing steps. The fraction containing the analytes is transferred onto an analytical RP18 column via step gradient elution where the final analysis is performed. Fluorescence detection is used (λex 290 nm and λem 322 nm), and method detection limits of 0.8 ng/mL plasma were reached. These were sufficiently low to determine the plasma concentration-time profiles for both compounds following oral administration of 2.5 mg and 5 mg midodrine hydrochloride. The assay in serum or plasma was linear in the range of 1 to 15 ng analyte/mL, the recovery was 〉95%, and the reproducibility was sufficient. The assay was rugged and was maintained by routinely changing the home-made, dry packed pre-column every 20th serum injection.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030403
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  • 61
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    High performance liquid chromatographic determination of fluvoxamine in human plasma (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 177-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method has been developed for the separation and measurement of fluvoxamine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. The method uses metapramine as an internal standard and provides a limit of detection of about 1.5 ng/mL for fluvoxamine. At a concentration of 25 ng/mL, fluvoxamine could be measured within a coefficient of variation of ±5.82 of the mean and at 100 ng/mL within a CV of ±2.78 of the mean. The method has been applied to the analysis of plasma from patients undergoing fluvoxamine therapy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030408
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  • 62
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    ‘In situ’ Edman degradation of protein(s) blotted to immobilon membranes suitable for unblocking reversible chemical modification and elimination of coomassie blue in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisWe dedicate this paper to Professor G. Biserte, Director of IRCL, deceased suddenly in December 1988. (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conditions for unblocking reversible chemical modifications such as maleylation or citraconylation ‘in situ’ at the N-terminus of proteins after transfer of proteins to immobilon membranes from SDS-PAGE are described. Demaleylation or decitraconylation occurred at 55°C in 70% formic acid (pH 1.50) during 60 min. During the unblocking reaction, Coomassie blue dye was completely removed, resulting in superior high performance liquid chromatographic separation of phenylthiohydantoin-amino acid (PTH-AA) after Edman degradation (automatic gas phase sequencer). The protein fixed on the matrix after demaleylation and removal of Coomassie blue was not degraded. The possible cleavage at the aspartyl-prolyl peptide bonds was considered, but no side reaction was observed. Furthermore, the incubation time in 70% formic acid at 55°C could be reduced to 10 min in the absence of maleylation of the starting material, and this was suitable for the removal of Coomassie blue and the quantification of phenylthiolhydantoin-amino acids (PTH-AAs) by HPLC. The yield from the starting protein through SDS-PAGE, blotting, and Edman degradation to quantitative analysis of PTH-aminoacid(s) by HLPC was established.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Brian A. Bidlingmeyer (ed.). Preparative liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography Library 38. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987. ISBN 0-444-42832-1. 341 pp. £60.00 (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030411
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  • 64
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030501
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  • 65
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    Analysis of drug in tissue homogenates by high performance liquid chromatography with direct injection and column switching (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 192-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An HPLC method with direct sample injections and column switching was investigated for the analysis of drugs in tissue homogenates. The appropriate precolumn packings and analytical column packings were surveyed in order to obtain quantitative recovery. The use of a large bore end-fitting filter for the precolumn avoided the interference due to minute tissue particles. A minicolumn was used to trap the analyte or clean up the sample. The method was applicable to hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drugs in liver, kidney or heart tissues, and has been extensively used in the determination of drugs in centrifugal cell fractions such as the nucleus, mitochondria and microsome.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030503
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  • 66
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    Determination of estriol and creatinine in urine by high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 196-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A quantitative method for the determination of estriol (E3) and creatinine (C) in random urine by high performance liquid chromatography is described. The mobile phase was a mixed solution of methanol and phosphate buffer (0.025 M, pH 6.5) and the detection wavelength was at 205 nm. The method was simple, rapid and accurate. The OCV for E3 and C using this method were 1.7 - 3.4% and 2.2 - 2.5%, respectively. The RCV for E3 and C were 6.2 - 7.0% and 4.5 - 6.9%, respectively. The recoveries were 87 - 104% for E3 and 98 - 103% for C, respectively. The method has been used for clinical determinations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030504
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  • 67
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    Application of high performance liquid chromatography combined with diode-array detection for analysis of proteins and peptides in human cerebrospinal fluid (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Different strategies for HPLC separation, including molecular sieving, ion-exchange, and hydrophobic interaction as well as reversed phase chromatography, were used to study molecular components in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The separations were followed by photodiode-array UV detection, which is a recently developed technique allowing a direct and rapid discrimination between peptides and proteins differing in their content of aromatic amino acids. By the various HPLC techniques in conjunction with diode-array detection it was possible to identify and characterize several protein and peptide components present in CSF. The procedure also allowed quantitative analysis of CSF proteins using minute amounts of the fluid.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030506
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  • 68
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    Unconjugated methoxylated catecholamine metabolites in human saliva. Quantitation methodology and comparison with plasma levels (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A newly developed method for the simultaneous extraction and quantitation of the unconjugated levels of the catecholamine metabolites vanilmandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was modified and applied to studies of human saliva. The assay had a mean coefficient of variation under 3% for each of the metabolites. Levels of plasma VMA, MHPG and HVA were measured in 28 normal subjects and compared to their saliva levels, obtained before and after stimulation by mastication. Significant correlations were found between plasma and saliva MHPG and HVA, but there was no correlation between plasma and saliva VMA. Salivary MHPG and HVA can be reproducibly assayed and may be useful tools for indications of changes in central and peripheral catecholamine metabolism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030509
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  • 69
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    Analysis of leukotrienes by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry after conversion to dinitrobenzoate derivatives (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 5-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A sensitive liquid chromatography method has been developed using electrochemistry for the determination of leukotrienes in biological fluids. Biological specimens are treated with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride in acetonitrile which undergoes rapid reaction with hydroxyl groups of non-peptidic leukotrienes in the presence of pyridine and with amino groups of peptidic leukotrienes in the presence of potassium tetraborate buffer. The resulting dinitroben-zoate derivatives of leukotrienes are highly electroactive, suitable for reduction or oxidation at moderate potentials by an electrochemical detector. In reductive mode at -0.7 V or oxidative mode at + 1.15 V potentials, the lower limits of detection for leukotriene derivatives were approximately 8±3 pg and 70 ± 16 pg respectively, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 5 to 1. This method was applied to the detection of leukotrienes in plasma, nasal and bronchial fluids of patients with asthma.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030103
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    Compositional analysis of the three main gangliosides from adult human myometrium by a rapid capillary gas chromatographic method (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 29-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new capillary GC method is described for the compositional analysis of the three main gangliosides isolated from adult human myometrium. The sample was subjected to methanolysis, acetylation and trimethylsilylation which allows all the constituents to be analyzed simultaneously. The predominant ganglioside was found to be GD3, with GM3 and GT1b the next most abundant.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030107
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  • 71
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    Determination of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol in human fat biopsies from marihuana users by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method for analysis of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ1-THC) in human fat samples is described. The fat sample, obtained from heavy marihuana users 1 week before and 4 weeks after smoking, is homogenized in hexane + 2-propanol, centrifuged, and the supernatant mixed with Lipidex 5000. The solvent is evaporated and the dried gel is packed in a glass column. Δ1 -THC is eluted from the column with methanol + water + acetic acid, diluted with water and the eluent is passed through a bed of Octadecylsilanebonded silica. After washing and drying, the retained Δ1-THC is eluted with hexane, derivatized with N-methyl-N-(t-butyl-dimethysilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) and finally purified by HPLC on an Octadecyl SI 100 column in methanol. The amount of Δ1-THC is determined by GC/MS, using selected ion monitoring, and a deuterated internal standard. The recovery of Δ1-THC is about 80%, and the concentration of Δ1-THC in the fat samples analysed ranged between 0.4 and 193 ng/g wet tissue.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030109
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  • 72
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    High-performance liquid chromatography/chemiluminescence determination of biological thiols with n-[4-(6-dimethylamino-2-benzofuranyl)phenyl]maleimide (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection of biological thiols combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. SH groups of the thiol compounds including glutathione (GSH), cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, cysteamine, and D-penicillamine were labelled with N-[4-(6-dimethylamino-2-benzofuranyl)phenyl]maleimide (DBPM), a specific fluorogenic reagent for SH group. The labelling reaction was carried out at 60°C for 30 min and at pH 8.5 and a sample of the resulting reaction mixture was subjected to HPLC. Five kinds of labelled thiols were separated within 12 min on ODS-80 column (150 × 4.6mm ID; 5 μm) and detected in the ranges from 500 fmol to 2 pmol/100 μL (cysteamine and N-acetylcysteine), to 3 pmol/100 μL (cysteine) and to 5 pmol/100 μL (GSH and D-penicillamine). The lower detection limits were from 7 fmol (cysteamine) to 113 fmol (GSH) per 100 μL (S/N = 2). The method was applied to the determination of thiols in a rat liver. The amounts of glutathione and cysteine were 1.23±0.15 μmol/g (n = 5) and 0.15±0.04 μmol/g (n = 5), respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030110
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  • 73
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030201
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  • 74
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    Determination of catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in erythrocytes by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 64-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A rapid assay employing HPLC with electrochemical detection for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in red blood cells is described. Enzyme activity is determined from erythrocyte lysates using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as methyl donor and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid as substrate. The 3-O- and 4-O-methylated reaction products are measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Human erythrocyte soluble form of COMT had Km values of 6.1 μM and 26.0 μM for S-adenosyl-L-methionine and dihydroxybenzoic acid, respectively. The mean O-methylation ratio for the soluble form of COMT was 5.3. An O-methylation ratio of 15.5 was estimated in the membrane fraction of an erythrocyte pool from three samples. The activities of soluble COMT in erythrocytes of some animal species are also reported. The procedure is easily automated, and a large number of samples can be processed during one working day.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030205
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    HPLC separation and characterization of chlorin derivatives with intact ring V from acid degradation products of silkworm excrement crude chlorophyll mixture (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 72-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A reversed-phase HPLC system with 88% methanol in 1 M ammonium acetate buffer pH 5.35 as the mobile phase on an ODS column was used to analyse pheophorbides a, a', b, b' and pyropheophorbides a and b. Pyropheophorbides a and b were found in samples obtained from silkworm excrement but not from spinach leaves though the preparation methods used were the same. This difference suggests that chlorophylls undergo metabolism in the body of silkworm to give pyrochlorophyll derivatives.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030207
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  • 76
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    Rapid purification of detergent-solubilized bovine hormone-sensitive lipase by high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 82-87 
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    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), the enzyme controlling the rate of adipose tissue lipolysis and also possibly involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis, has been purified from bovine omental adipose tissue. Partially detergent-solubilized, delipidated and purified HSL was obtained through step-elution at conventional DEAE ion-exchange chromatography, followed by concentration on hydroxylapatite. High performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HPHIC) on phenylsilica then resulted in an increase of HSL protein purity from 2% to more than 70%. Final purification of the enzyme to apparent homogeneity (〉95% protein purity), concentration and removal of most of the detergent was obtained by high performance cation exchange chromatography on Mono S. At least 0.5 mg of highly stable HSL was obtained from 5 kg of bovine omental fat within four working days. The purified lipase had a lower specific activity than previously reported for the corresponding rat enzyme but the preparations have proved very useful for enzyme structure studies and as an antigen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030210
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    Calendar of events (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030311
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    Thin layer chromatography of peptides and proteins: A review (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 95-104 
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    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030302
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    Rapid assay of β-galactosidase and sialyltransferase by lectin affinity high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detectionThis study was entrusted to the Hohen Oil Company Ltd, by the Science and Technology Agency (STA) using the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology. (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 110-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled asialotransferrin and pyridyl aminated oligosaccharides were prepared from asialotransferrin and human milk using affinity chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. These substances were incubated with galactosidase or sialyltransferase and then examined by lectin affinity HPLC. The elution patterns changed according to the period of incubation and amount of enzyme. This analytical method using lectin affinity HPLC with fluorescence labelled glycoprotein or oligosaccharides as the substrates has great value for detecting these enzyme under the same chromatographic conditions. In addition, differences were noted in the activity of β-galactosidase toward oligosaccharides having the Gal β(1 → 3)GlcNAc or Gal β(1 → 4)GlcNAc structure at reducing termini.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030304
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    Lactoferrin from human breast milk and from neutrophil granulocytes. Comparative studies of isolation, quantitation, characterization and iron binding properties (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The isolation and properties of lactoferrin from human breast milk and from neutrophilic granulocytes were investigated. Human breast milk lactoferrin was purified by means of heparin-sepharose or Cibacron Blue affinity chromatography. Quantitative recovery using these two methods was comparable but Cibacron Blue affinity chromatography allowed for isolation of a more homogenous protein. Lactoferrin could only be isolated from human neutrophilic granulocytes by sequential use of antibody affinity followed by non-specific affinity chromatography. Both breast milk lactoferrin and granulocyte lactoferrin were separated into apo and iron-rich species by SDS polyacrylamide gel chromatography. Iron binding is accompanied by a conformational change in tertiary structure associated with more rapid electrophoretic migration. The isoelectric point of both human breast milk lactoferrin and human granulocyte lactoferrin is 5.5 - 6.2. Both types of lactoferrin have similar iron binding properties with release of iron from the one binding site occurring at pH 5.2 - 6.0 while the other binding site holds on to iron down to pH 3.6 - 3.2. Despite the high affinity for iron the percentage saturation of native lactoferrin is low, that for breast milk lactoferrin averaging 12 - 25% and that for granulocyte lactoferrin 〈 10%.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030307
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    Evidence for the overestimation of molecular masses of proteins after chemical modification and chemical crosslinks on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)This work is the partial fulfilment of the Exchange programs between French Medical Research Council (French INSERM) and Academia Sinica (University of Nanjing). Grants No. CS-RN-739, HN-CP-1.045, and CS-RN-842 during the years of 1984, 1986, 1987 and 1989 for the tenure of four 3 months trips to China by Dr Kia-Ki Han.This work is the partial fulfilment of the short visit of Prof. De-Xu Zhu to Lille, France during the month of September 1988 via French Association Recherche sur le Cancer's Channel (ARC Grant No. 6.715 to Dr Kia-Ki Han). (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human trypsin inhibitor (home prepared), lactalbumin, trypsinogen, carbonic anhydrase, and bovine serum albumin were submitted to succinylation and their molecular masses were determined by SDS-PAGE according to the method of Weber and Osborn (1969 J. Biol. Chem. 244, 4406) before and after chemical modification. High estimates of their molecular masses were obtained. The monomer and dimer of arrowhead inhibitor proteinase-B (Chinese vegetable legume) obtained after chemical crosslink(s) were also submitted to SDS-PAGE and their apparent molecular masses were also determined and compared to the native arrowhead inhibitor proteinase-B. Abnormally high estimates of their molecular masses were obtained. Our results agree with those in the literature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030309
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  • 82
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030301
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  • 83
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    Determination of urinary 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid by an automated HPLC method (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 114-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A HPLC method for the quantitative determination of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine is described. The method is based on ion-pair chromatography, reversed phase (RP) column material and specific fluorimetric detection at 300 nm and 355 nm. Sample preparation and gradient elution were avoided by using a column-switching technique. The sensitivity of the assay was excellent for clinical routine analysis, with a detection limit of 0.2 mg/L 5-HIAA. No endogenous or exogenous interference problems arose. Intra- and interassay precision was good, with observed coefficients of variation of 1.5 to 2.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Recoveries were 93 to 98%. The system described can be used for clinical diagnosis and therapy follow-up of carcinoid tumors. It has been running for over a year without disturbances and with a minimum of technical attendance.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030305
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  • 84
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    Purification of rat liver soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase by high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The soluble form of catechol-O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6.) from rat liver was purified to homogeneity by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and high-performance gel-filtration chromatography. The specific activity of the final pool was 270 U/mg protein. The purification was 1180-fold and recovery of the enzyme activity was 15%. During this rapid and gentle purification there were no problems with loss of activity, and the estimated half life of the final purified enzyme pool was 5.5 days at +4°C. The only additive used was phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride in the homogenizing buffer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030308
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  • 85
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    High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of time-dependent changes in urinary excretion of indoleamines following tryptophan administration (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Analytical conditions of prepurification extraction and HPLC separation were optimized for determination of urinary serotonin and tryptamine. Under optimal conditions, serotonin, tryptamine and an internal standard were extracted with 15% v/v n-propanol in diethyl ether from urine samples alkalized with a phosphate buffer (0.75 mol/L, pH 10.0), and then they were re-extracted into an HCI solution (0.1 mol/L). Purified indoleamines were simultaneously separated by reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC with native fluorescence detection. Urinary serotonin and tryptamine were selectively determined within about 45 min per sample for the whole procedure. Analytical recovery, reproducibility and detection sensitivity were satisfactory for pursuing time-dependent changes in indoleamine levels. Urinary excretion profiles of serotonin and tryptamine in subjects dosed with L-tryptophan were successfully analyzed by our method.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030404
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  • 86
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    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030601
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  • 87
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    Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of glycopeptides (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A practical procedure for isolating and purifying glycopeptides is described, viz. enzymatic hydrolysis - gel permeation chromatography - ion exchange chromatography - reversed phase HPLC. Using this procedure 28 glycopeptides from hen ovalbumin have been isolated some of which hitherto have not been identified. Water was a suitable mobile phase for preparing pure glycopeptides, and control of column temperature was important for good separations and reproducible retention times. Structural confirmation was by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030603
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  • 88
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    A rapid method for isolation of human hemoglobin benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide derived adducts using high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 266-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method is described to isolate rapidly human hemoglobin-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide adducts. A combination of 300 Å pore size C4 reversed phase HPLC to effect separation of adducted protein from native protein, and μ-bore C18 reversed phase HPLC to isolate and partially characterize proteolytic peptide adducts (by UV), was used.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030608
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  • 89
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    Quantitative determination of itazigrel in rodent diet by reversed-phase HPLC and evaluation of its stability at 20°C (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple, accurate and precise procedure for the quantitation of itazigrel (a potent lipophilic inhibitor of collagen and arachidonic acid-induced aggregation being studied for its effects on peripheral vascular disease) from granulated rodent diet is presented. The drug was extracted from rodent diet using methanol + water (80:20) following dissolution of the diet in water. Samples of the supernatant were injected into the HPLC and the eluent was monitored with a fluorescent detector (λex = 320 and λem = 430) to achieve analytical specificity. Interday coefficients of variation of the calibration curve slope were ±6% on standards between 0 and 1000 μg/g. Potency and homogeneity of the drug spiked diet prepared over a 1 year interval at 70,200 and 600 μg/g was 99.3 ± 2.5%, 100 ± 1.8%, and 101 ± 1.9% of label, respectively. Samples prepared for chromatography were stable for 24 h at 20°C, and drug in diet was stable for 102 days when protected from light and stored at 20°C.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030409
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  • 90
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    Calendar of events (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030412
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  • 91
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    A high performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical assay for glutamatergic neurotransmitters in the rat brain (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The release and content of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate in rat striatum were determined by liquid chromatography/electrochemistry. This determination was based on precolumn off-line derivatization of the amino acids with o-phthaldialdehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol (OPT/2-MCE), and the adducts formed were separated under isocratic conditions and oxidized on a glassy carbon electrode at moderate potential (+0.6 V). The standard and the extracted glutamate when derivatized with OPT/2-MCE produced similar electrochemical and chromatographic characteristics. The detection limit of glutamate was 0.5 pmol. Depolarization induced by the high potassium medium (40 mmol/L) enhanced the release of glutamate and aspartate from superfused rat striatum, whereas the efflux of glutamine remained unchanged. Perfusion (for 60 - 70 min) removed 50 - 80% of the free amino acid content of striatal tissue. The method described here is useful in neurochemical investigations of the brain amino acid neurotransmitters.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030410
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  • 92
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    High performance liquid chromatography determination of cyanide in urine by pre-column fluorescence derivatization (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for the determination of cyanide in human urine has been developed. The method is based on the reaction of cyanide with 2,3-naphthalenedialdehyde and taurine to give a fluorescent product for reversed-phase HPLC separation and fluorometric detection. After centrifugation followed by dilution of urine samples, the specimens could be analysed directly by this method. The recovery of cyanide added to urine at concentration levels of 50 - 1000 pmol/mL was 85 - 96%. The detection limit of cyanide was 30 pmol/mL in urine. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of urine from smokers and nonsmokers. The mean concentrations of cyanide were found to be 215 pmol/mL for the former and 84 pmol/mL for the latter.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030507
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  • 93
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    Calendar of events (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030512
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  • 94
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    Solid phase extraction for an improved assay of physostigmine in biological fluids (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 226-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple, selective and very sensitive assay is described for the quantification of physostigmine in blood, plasma and urine. The most appropriate solid phase column was selected after a systematic investigation of nine types of phase. The conditions for solid phase extraction were optimized using [3H]physostigmine so that the overall recoveries were 〉90%. Physostigmine was retained on alkaline treated cyanopropyl columns and eluted into the minimum volume of methanol, obviating the need for an evaporation step. Extracted samples were quantified by HPLC with a three electrode coulometric detection system. The limit of detection was 50 pg/mL for a 0.5 mL plasma sample. The precision (CV) for 0.5 mL plasma samples containing 50 pg was 8.1%. Application of the method to plasma, blood and urine samples is presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030511
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  • 95
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    Identification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from hamster meibomian glands using picolinyl and nicotinate derivatives (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Meibomian secretions from the hamster were hydrolysed with base and examined as TMS, [2H9]TMS, methyl ester/TMS, picolinyl ester/TMS and nicotinate/TMS derivatives by capillary GC/MS. Over 90 compounds, representing over 89% of the hydrolysed fraction, were identified. Fatty acids with chain lengths from 10 to 32 carbon atoms were found, the most common of these were in the C15 to C18 and in the C25 to C30 regions. Chain types were predominantly iso or anteiso branched, mono-unsaturated (C16 and C18) and straight. Fatty alcohols were mainly from the iso or anteiso series and tended to have longer chain lengths; the major alcohols had anteiso-25 and 27 and iso-26-chains. In these respects the secretions were similar to those reported earlier from other species, although fewer mono-unsaturated compounds with longer chains (C20 to C30 region) were found than in the rat and human. The steroid fraction was characterized by a larger number of compounds than normally present in secretions of this type. The major compound was cholesterol, in common with that in all other examined species except the rabbit.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030605
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  • 96
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    High resolution chromatography of ribonucleosides and its application to RNA analysisAbbreviations used. ψ, pseudouridine; D, 5,6-dihydrouridine; m3C, 3-methylcytidine; m1A, 1-methyladenosine; m5C, 5-methylcytidine; m7G, 7-methylguanosine; Cm, 2′-O-methylcytidine; I, inosine; rT, ribothymidine; Um, 2′-O-methyluridine; m1I, 1-methylinosine; m1G, 1-methylguanosine; m2G, 2-N-methylguanosine; m22G, 2-N,N-dimethylguanosine; m6A, 6-N-methyladenosine; Am, 2′-O-methyladenosine; Gm, 2′-O-methylguanosine; Y, a-amino-b-hydroxy-4,9-dihydro-4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo-1-H-imidazole-1,2-a-purine-7-butylic acid; pG, guanosine 5′-phosphate; Gp, guanosine 3′-phosphate; pGp, guanosine 3′,5′-diphosphate. In abbreviations for oligonucleotides, phosphates between nucleosides are excluded, e.g., AGCUp is ApGpCpUp. (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 246-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple and precise method was developed for the separation of nucleosides including modified nucleosides and oligonucleotides. Nineteen kinds of nucleosides were completely separated by HPLC using an ODS column (TSK-gel ODS 80TM) and aqueous mobile phases. The RNA molecule was digested by base restrictive RNase (RNase A, RNase T1) and the digests were separated chromatographically into each oligonucleotide. The nucleoside composition of an oligonucleotide was then determined by this analytical system. It is thus possible to fit the oligonucleotide in the original RNA molecule by using modified bases as markers. The reaction site of quinacrine mustard for tRNAPhe (from yeast) could be determined by this analytical system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030604
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  • 97
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    Simultaneous analysis of furosemide and bumetanide in horse plasma using high performance liquid chromatography (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biomedical Chromatography 3 (1989), S. 262-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0269-3879
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A high performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of furosemide and bumetanide in horse plasma. The C8 (3 μm) reversed phase column (4.8 × 150 mm) provided clear separation of furosemide and bumetanide with other components present in the horse plasma. The detection limit for both the drugs was 10 ng/mL. Both drugs were stable in plasma (at natural or acidic pH) for up to 24 h. The method is sufficiently sensitive to detect furosemide levels in plasma obtained from horses receiving a therapeutic dose of furosemide.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1130030607
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  • 98
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    Multicomponent determinations by a membrane-discriminated gas phase analyzer and successive regression in the fiduciary region (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 3 (1989), S. 601-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Gas phase flow injection analysis ; Membrane-differentiated analysis ; Multicomponent determinations ; Successive linear regression ; Successive regression in fiduciary region ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A membrane-discriminated gas phase analyzer is proposed for multicomponent determinations. Nitrogen gas flows countercurrent through outer and inner channels in a tube-in-tube arrangement. The only communication between the two channels occurs through a 500 μm aperture covered by a porous PTFE membrane. A mixture of organic compounds (up to four components) is injected into the inner channel by a heated backflushed injector and the sample components diffusing into the outer channel are monitored by a flame ionization detector (FID). A calibration set, consisting of pure components, binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures (a total of 64 samples), provides the known data base: temporal profiles of the FID output as a function of sample composition. Although the overall response behavior is not a linearly additive function of individual analyte concentrations, the use of successive inverse multiple linear regression (while continually altering the choice of the calibration samples considered for the forward regression, on the basis of the most recent values of the predicted unknown sample composition) is shown to yield analytical results for unknown samples that are in good agreement with their true values.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180030408
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  • 99
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    Product news (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 3 (1989), S. 609-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180030409
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  • 100
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    Measurement of mevalonate in human plasma and urine by multiple selected ion monitoring (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 174-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma levels and urinary excretion of mevalonate were reported to be correlated with cholesterol biosynthesis. Evaluation of mevalonate concentration in plasma and urine represents therefore a non-invasive method for studying the modifications of cholesterol synthesis. A method is described here by wich mevalonate in plasma and urine is determined by the selected ion monitoring technique after extraction as mevalonolactone and conversion into the trimethylsilyl ether. Linear responses were obtained in the evaluation of mevalonate added to plasma in the 10-100 ng/ml (r 〉 0.995) and to urine in the 50-1000 ng/ml concentration ranges, respectively. Identity of mevalonate in plasma and urine was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200180305
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