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  • 1980-1984  (2,626)
  • Chemical Engineering  (2,596)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of the Electrical Field within an Electrical Sensing Zone Counter (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Iterative numerical analysis methods, similar to those used for ray tracing in electron and ion guns, have been employed to calculate the electrical potential distribution in the vicinity of the orifice of an electrical sensing zone (esz) instrument. In particular, the electrical potential across the mouth of the orifice is considered and the effects of numerically bevelling the sharp peripheral edge are demonstrated.The results support the empirical equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm d}\phi {\rm /d}x \sim 1 + \alpha '\{(r/R)/(1 - r/R)\} ^{\beta '} $$\end{document} for the axial component of the potential gradient, dφ/dx, at the mouth of the orifice expressed as a function of the radial distance, r, from the centre of the orifice of radius R; α′ and β′ are empirical constants. This equation was derived from previously reported experimental data on relative shifts and heights of artefact peaks apparent on the coarse side of size distributions measured via the esz method on a series of latex copolymers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Influence of Particle Shape and Particle Size Distribution on fluidisation behaviour of granular activated carbon in the aqueous phase (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with the influence of particle shape and particle size distribution on the fluidisation behaviour of granular activated carbon in the aqueous phase. Methods for relating the degree of expansion, as a function of liquid velocity, to particle shape and particle size distribution are discussed and tested. Two different types of activated carbon, both containing irregularly shaped particles but with differences in shape, are used to test the models discussed. A tentative method which takes into account the influence of water temperature on fluidisation behaviour is proposed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010125
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimum Sintering Temperatures of Fluidizable Particles (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental methods to determine minimum sintering temperatures of a variety of granules such as polymers, glass, coal, inorganic salts, etc. are presented. These methods include the use of a dilatometer in which the contraction-dilation characteristics of a small sample is measured, a differential scanning calorimeter test and an Instron machine by which yield strengths are measured. It is clearly shown that for the majority of materials studied, the different methods give similar values for the minimum sintering temperature but that the dilatometer experiment is the simplest as well as the most reliable method. Since the minimum sintering temperature is always less than the solid's melting point, an efficient method of measuring this temperature is very important for all fluidizable granules subjected to high temperatures. The danger of agglomeration during fluidization increases tremendously at temperatures higher than minimum sintering and therefore special precautions must be taken to avoid defluidization under these conditions.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010129
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multifractal Description of a Rugged Fineparticle Profile (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 14-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mandelbrot has extended the concept of classical dimensional description of physical systems to include fractional values which describe the ruggedness of a structure. Thus if one has a dimension of 1.2 one knows that one is dealing with a line which fills space more efficiently than a line which has dimension of 1.1. A mathematical curve which exhibits ideal fractal structure has the same appearance when viewed at any level of scrutiny. Kaye and co-workers applied the concept of fractal mathematics to the description of the boundaries of fineparticle profiles. As demonstrated in this communication a natural fractal boundary in contrast with an ideal fractal can exhibit different fractal structures over different ranges of scrutiny. As a consequence one should always report the scale of scrutiny employed when examining the fractal structure of natural boundaries. Data is presented demonstrating the fractal/euclidean boundary structure manifest by aluminum shot fineparticles examined at various levels of scrutiny. The relationship between fractal descriptors of fineparticle boundaries and the Fourier analysis of geometric signature waveforms for describing the structure of fineparticles is explored. Data presented by Flook on the physical significance of the various co-efficients of a Fourier analysis of a signature waveform is correlated with the fractal description of the ruggedness of a profile.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Techniques for Measuring the Size of Fine non-spherical particles (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three general types of commercial particle sizing instruments have been tested with redispersed fly ash and devolatilised coal char in the size range 0.5 to 5 μm. Results are compared with volume-equivalent diameters obtained by Coulter Counter. Single-particle light-scattering counters are found to oversize fly ash, primarily because of the irregular particle shape, but generally to undersize the strongly absorbing char particles. The Malvern sizer, based on Fraunhofer diffraction analysis, grossly oversizes fly ash dispersed in water, probably because most of the particles are too small for the Fraunhofer approximation to be valid; results for carbon char are closer to the expected values, although results for particles dispersed in air and in water show some disagreement. The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer undersizes irregular particles substantially, probably because of increased drag resulting from the irregular shape and tumbling motion of these particles.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical Properties of Constituent Minerals of Manganese Nodules (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Deep-sea manganese nodules must be potentially valuable one of the most mineral resources containing several economically valuable metal elements. Manganese minerals in the nodules are regarded principally as todorokite and δ-MnO2. The todorokite phase is porous and enriched in copper and nickel, while the porous δ-MnO2 phase is enriched in cobalt. Porosity and adsorption as well as dissolution characteristics have been observed for each constituent mineral. Furthermore the pore diffusion coefficient has been calculated. Moreover, the zeta potential of each constituent mineral has been measured in order to evaluate the electrochemical property. This has been applied successfully to the selective concentration of copper and nickel bearing or cobalt bearing minerals in deep-sea manganese nodules.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010124
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser Diffraction Spectrometers/Experience in Particle Size Analysis (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Over the past few years, laser diffraction spectrometry has become a very important method of particle size analysis. Typical features include the large measuring range, the simplicity of operation and the speed with which analyses can be carried out. The principle of measurement and the set-up of three commerical instruments are described.The following points are discussed, with reference to examples:-Relevant parameters, such as particle shape, shape of distribution curve or dispersion, bution curve or dispersion,-reproducibility, comparison of the results obtained with different types of apparatus between one another and with other, analytical methods, and-on-line use of the instruments for the measurement of dynamic processes, eg. flocculation and dispersion processes.Operating experience gained with six instruments over a number of years is discussed.The measuring method which is described here is in a stage of rapid development and dissemination. It is for this reason that recent improvements and new developments cannot be dealt with here. For example, an apparatus named Helos from Sympatec GmbH, Remlingen, has appeared on the market. The external appearance of the instruments marketed by the Malvern and Leeds and Northrup companies has changed somewhat.The author's practical experience (in some instances extremely wide-ranging) with these devices is presented here in summary form.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010126
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comminution of Irregularly Shaped Particles by Slow Compression: Interpretation of the size distributions of progeny particles as mixed distributions (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 74-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The evaluation of particle size distributions of comminution products often shows that the experimental distributions cannot be represented by one of the well-known functions (GGS, RRSB, log-normal distributions). Although in some cases a more or less satisfactory approximation to one of these functions can be made, a physically meaningful interpretation is generally impossible. Using the frequency curve, it can often be shown that mixed distributions, represented by several statistical assemblies, do exist. In this paper the progeny size distributions of quartzite formed by slow compression comminution of single grains and particle beds as well as of the comminution products of a roller mill are interpreted as superpositions of several statistical assemblies each of which can be represented by a truncated log-normal distribution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010112
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Online Measurement of the Grain Size Distribution of Sand 0-4 mm used for the production of concrete (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described for the fast and automatic measurement of the grain size distribution of sand ranging from 0 to 4 mm. A sample of sand continuously introduced at a rate of 30 g/min is separated by the apparatus into seven fractions of 0-0.063, 0.063-0.125, 0.125-0.25, 0.25-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, and 2-4 mm. The amount of sand in each of these fractions is determined and the results are given in time intervals of 1 minute. The sand is separated in a separation chamber through which water streams in a horizontal laminar flow. The samples are separated according to their settling velocities. The four coarse fractions descend to the bottom of the chamber. They are collected and weighed under water. The three fine fractions remain suspended in three effluent water streams. The quantity of sand is measured in flow cells by absorption of laser light. Control of the system as well as the collection and processing of the measured data are done by means of an electronic control unit and a microcomputer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photometric Determination of Respirable Dust Concentration without Elutriation of coarse particles (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 96-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The principle of an instantaneous reading, respirable dust, photometer and its application are described. The instrument measures the infrared light (940 nm wavelength) scattered on airborne particles under a mean scattering angle of 70°. Its open measuring chamber, which is insensitive to daylight, is filled with total dust. The photometer reading, however, is calibrated in terms of mass concentration of respirable dust by means of a gravimetric respirable dust sampler. Experiments carried out with monodisperse test aerosols and with real dusts confirm the instrument's principle. The photometer values obtained for real dusts can be linearly converted into mass values of respirable dust as long as ultra-fine or ultra-coarse dusts are excluded. In several practical cases an increased flux of scattered light is compensated for by a higher density of the dust material.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010116
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of Simultaneously Measured Droplet Sizes and Velocities in nozzle sprays (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 112-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The application of a new LDA method which simultaneously measures the size and velocity of small water droplets in the spray cone of a fan type water nozzle is described. As the phase difference between adjacent photomultipliers responding to signals from a fringe mode LDA is linearly proportional to the diameter of the spherical particle in the measuring volume, the new instrument allows, for long distances between the optical devices and the measuring volume in the spray, non-invasive measurements and from these the correlation of size and velocity of the individual droplet in order to establish two-dimensional distributions. From the new LDA instrument one receives definite information about the volume-flow concentration in the measuring point of an enclosed flow situation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010119
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-Line Analysis, Its Potential and Its Problems (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the application and the development of on-line methods for particle size analysis one has to distinguish three principally different problem areas:aallocation and preparation of a representative sample,banalysis of the sample,cevaluation of the results.Methods and problems connected with these areas will be discussed in this paper. Some of the methods available for rapid response analysis of particle size distributions mark the beginning of a new era of particle size analysis. One has to recognize however that a uniform solution of the problems of on-line particle size analysis is extremely difficult if not impossible to find. The boundary conditions vary to such an extent that similar methods or combinations of methods can rarely be used in different cases. Since instrument manufacturers will in most cases not be able to adopt their instruments to different industrial applications, specialists will have to solve the problem. One has to recognize, however, that not all of the steps described in this paper have been investigated to an extent which renders possible appropriate solutions. There is still room for improvement.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010102
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of the Coulter Counter® Model ZM to Spheres (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 32-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Most existing theories of the response of electrical sensing zone particle size analysers, for instance of the type Coulter Counter®, predict that a significant deviation from sizing linearity will occur at and above some 40% of the aperture diameter. Practical experience, at least for the only test models available - latex spheres - shows that this is not the case in practice. Linear particle response up to 80% of the aperture diameter has been established, confirming the prediction recently made by Scarlett in a new response theory.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010106
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of the Physical Significance of Three-Dimensional signature waveformsPresented at the Fineparticle Characterization Conference, Hawaii, 1-5 August 1983 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It has been shown that the projected area of a rotating fineparticle can be used to construct a signature waveform which is descriptive of some aspects of the three-dimensional morphology of a fineparticle. If the fineparticle is rotated systematically about two mutually independent axes, through two sets of 90 degrees rotations, the signature waveform can be related to the surface area of the convex hull. It could be that the convex hull of a fineparticle is related to its fluid dynamic behaviour and its ability to modify the effective viscosity of a fluid in its suspension. This type of significance of different types of Cauchy signature waveforms are discussed. The concept of three-dimensional signature waveforms is extended to cover the structural shape waveform and the fractal waveforms which, respectively, describe the spatial structure and the ruggedness of a fineparticle profile. The possible utilization of all three types of waveforms to describe in a complete manner the three-dimensional structure of a rugged fineparticle is discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010110
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Representation and Evaluation of Particle Size Analysis Data (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: While editing the first issues of Particle Characterization it has been recognized by the editors that the papers submitted differ widely in the representation of data and in the nomenclature chosen to characterize such common variables as particle size, different equivalent particle diameters, average particle sizes, cumulative and density values of a distribution etc. In oder to make papers published in this Journal more readily assimilable and graphs representing particle size analysis data instantly recognizable by using agreed upon standardized nomenclature the following paper has been submitted by one of the editors. It was first presented at the Harold Heywood Memorial Symposium, September 1974, at the University of Technology, Loughborough, U. K.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010115
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calibration of Optical Particle Counters with Respect to Particle Size (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 108-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In optical particle counters the calibration function describing the relationship between the amplitude of the scattered light pulses and particle size depends on several parameters. In this paper, several calibration methods are discussed. As an example, the calibration of an optical particle counter (HC-15, Polytec GmbH & Co., Waldbronn, FRG) is demonstrated, using real aerosols with unknown particle shape and refractive index, and a precollector with known collection efficiency. The error analysis, when performed together with the results of an indirect check of the obtained calibration curve, provide evidence that this method yields good calibration curves for the aerosol being measured. The method is then applied to obtain the calibration curves for quartz dust, ash from a fluidized bed combustor and coal dust.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010118
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    Particle Technology - Manipulating the DividedThis paper is substantially the text of the inaugural lecture given by Professor B. Scarlett at the Technische Hogeschool, Delft, on October 26, 1983. The lecture relies heavily on experience gained during tenure at Loughborough University of Technology. It has been modified to remove personal and local connotations and is published here as an individual view of the subject of particle technology in general and of particle characterization in particular. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 1-6 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Particle Technology is a broad and multidisciplinary subject of great importance but diffuse in definition. In this paper a view is presented of the underlying science and its technological applications. In particular a structured subject is dependent upon characterization techniques from which predictions can be made. In this paper the interrelationship between macroscopic and microscopic characterization is discussed. The standardisation and development of the microscopic techniques, particle analysis, is identified as the key to the development of the whole subject.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010101
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Fractal Quantities, as Specific Surface and Tortuosities, for physical properties of porous media (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 66-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Besides the knowledge of material constants of the homogeneous phases of a disperse system, a good understanding of its geometrical properties is necessary for describing physical processes. In order to characterize the shape of the interface between solids and pore space with respect to the irregularities in all orders of magnitude, the fractal dimension has proved to be an informative parameter. By this study the theory of fractal dimensions, in three-dimensional space originally limited to topological curves, surfaces and volumes, is extended into physical properties like specific surface, tortuosity, porosity and formation factor with “physical” dimensions -1 or 0 as an exponent of the unit of length. The typical properties of the true fractals are transferable to some of these derived parameters. This leads to power laws describing the dependence of the particular measure on the resolution length. With special models, which seem to be of widespread validity in nature, petrophysical considerations lead to further power laws for the rest of the physical parameters, dependent on discrete length parameters such as grain radius and pore radius. By determination of the exponents of such independent power laws, a better particle characterization is possible, as the fractal dimension of the surface alone may be misleading, especially when the grain size of the particles is not uniform.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010111
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drop-Size Distributions Produced by Pressure NozzlesThis paper was presented at the Third European Symposium on Particle Characterization (PARTEC), Nürnberg, May 1984, and appears in German in the Preprints. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 117-120 
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    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measured drop-size distributions are presented which were obtained by the atomization of water with hollow-cone nozzles. The drop-size distributions were determined using a scatteredlight particle size counting analyser at various locations in the droplet cone. These local distributions change systematically from the cone's axis to its border. To acquire the drop-size distribution of all the drops the local distributions have to be superimposed. The spatial mass flow distribution in the cone can be calculated from these measurements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010120
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Investigation of the Tensile Strength of a Powder bed by split cell type tensile testersPresented at Fine Particle Society, Pacific Region Meeting, Honolulu, August 1983. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: New types of equipment for measuring the tensile strength of a powder bed, based on the Warren Spring type of split cell, have been developed by the authors and are reported in this paper. The main modification is an extension of the range of the porosity of the powder bed to be tested by improving the sliding mechanism of the split cell. Three versions of the modified equipment are introduced and explained, and the reduction of the sliding friction and the stability of the split cell at a high compression range are shown. The results obtained with beds of a wide porosity range are presented in a new equation for the adhesion force of a powder bed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010123
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    Data Reduction in Fluid Classification Methods (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fluid classification methods for particle size analysis are based on the concept of cut size. The particles suspended in a fluid are passed through several separation stages, of progressively finer cut-size, so that each stage collects a fraction of the feed solids in the same way as each screen in a stack of sieves.There is an inherent error involved in the data reduction, which often leads to a poor comparison between the results of fluid classification and sedimentation, although both in principle measure the equivalent Stokes' diameter.This paper investigates the problem and attributes the above mentioned error to the difference between the equiprobable size and the analytical cut size. The paper presents a simple correlation which relates the analytical cut size and the equiprobable size if both the measured size distribution and the grade efficiency curve of the separator follow, approximately, log-normal functions. The usefulness of the correlation is exemplified in the case of the Bahco analyser. Measured grade efficiency curves for each separation stage provide the necessary data for the above mentioned correction and this is then applied to examples of practical particle size analysis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010128
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sampling Powders for Shape Description (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 22-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For some time studies have been made relating the values obtained from simple shape description to bulk powder properties. More recently the detailed mathematical description of particle outline has become possible and quite powerful techniques have been developed. These techniques may be used for the regeneration by computer of the shape and, more importantly, for studies relating shape to individual particle behaviour and to bulk powder properties. Quite inadequate attention has been directed to the task of obtaining from the laboratory sample of the bulk powder a representative sample of shapes without bias. In this communication the considerations to be included in the sampling procedure are reviewed and a possible solution to the problems posed is presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010104
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion of Samples and Sample-feeding for Counting Methods (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 28-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The currently used methods of sample preparation are examined and found to be unsatisfactory in case of counting methods for particle size analysis. It is the purpose of this paper to review the results of investigations of two different measuring principles (light extinction and electrical resistance change) by use of the same signal handling equipment. The commonly used techniques and units are compared with regard to the resulting density distributions of particle size below 0.25 mm. The final conclusions including recommendations to the use of ultrasonic treatment and to improvements of the sampling and the sample-feeding units are valid for all counting methods.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010105
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Errors in the Determination of Particle Size Distributions Caused by coincidences in optical particle counters (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When performing particle size analysis by scattered light, coincidences in the measuring volume of optical particle counters not only cause too small a particle concentration to be measured, but also a size distribution to be obtained which is systematically shifted towards coarser particle sizes. It is pointed out in this paper how this shift can be precalculated when the true distribution is given. The results show under which conditions a correction of the measured distribution is indispensable.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010109
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  • 25
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    Electronic Resource
    The Application and Potential of Cluster Analysis in the Interpretation of multivariate particulate data (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 78-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The classification of powders into groups possessing specific behavioural identities has long been recognized as desirable. This has been approached by describing different powders using two variables and plotting the data on a scatter diagram. The property of interest is then inferred from a powder's position on the scatter diagram. Unfortunately, a powder's behaviour is rarely adequately described by only two variables. To describe a powder more fully requires more variables and this presents a problem in interpretation. Cluster analysis refers to a range of techniques for interpreting multivariate data sets and is used in many fields. This paper describes cluster analysis and considers the method and potential of its application to particle technology. By way of an illustration, a cluster analysis has been performed on twenty-seven powders resulting in groups recognizable by their characteristic fluidisation and flow properties. It is concluded that cluster analysis could be a powerful tool in predictive and analytical work in the field of particle technology.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010113
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of an Electrical Conductivity Microprobe for the Characterization of bubble behavior in gas-liquid bubble flow (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this paper a new electrical conductivity technique for the measurement of bubble size and velocity is presented. This measuring system is able not only to estimate size and velocity of particles (bubbles and droplets in liquids) but also to give complete information on the space related motion of particles. Thus a significant improvement is achieved in the accuracy of measurement.By using the simultanous measurement of both: bubble sizes and volumetric hold up of the dispersed phase, one is able to calculate the local interfacial area. In the first part of this paper the measuring system, its properties and limits are illustrated. In the second part results obtained in a bubble column will be presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010117
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  • 27
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    Particle Size Analysis of Heterogeneous Powders by Sedimentation (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is often necessary to carry out sedimentation analysis of powders, consisting of two or more components, which differ in some physical properties. By means of theoretical studies of twocomponent systems the systematic errors of the measured particle size distributions were analysed for the case that differences exist in the following combinations of properties:-particle size distribution D(x) and solid density ϱs-D(x) and mass absorption coefficient μm-D(x) and ϱs and μmUsing real systems (SiO2 + Fe2O3, Al2O3 + SiO2, Al2O3 + Fe2O3) the partial and total errors were estimated and compared with the results obtained with a Sedigraph. Differences in the density of the components often result in negligible errors, even for the system SiO2 + Fe2O3, if the mass portion of one component is below about 10%. For the total error the differences of μm and D(x) are decisive. Its value is below 1% if the mass portion of the slightly absorbing component is 〈5% or if the strongly absorbing component is 〈1%.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010121
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  • 28
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    The Determination of Particle Size Distribution Using Combined gravitational and centrifugal sedimentation analysis (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Combined gravitational and centrifugal sedimentation analysis was studied using a Sedigraph X-ray sedimentometer and a Ladal pipette centrifuge. The test powders were talc, calcite and lead oxide. The purpose of the study was to examine the possibilities of extending the sedimentation analysis towards finer sizes by the use of centrifugal force. All the test samples could be analysed down to 0.04-0.05 μm by the combined sedimentation procedure with reasonable accuracy and the results were matched to give a uniform distribution. It was also shown to be preferable to present the size analysis data in a log-probability scale, as it gives the means to easily distinguish materials with different particle size characteristics and to estimate the actual distribution by a statistical function.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010122
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  • 29
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    A Special Feeder for Diffraction Pattern Analysis of Dry Powders (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Numerous unit operations in particle technology require that dry powders are fed into a system with as little fluctuation as possible in flow rate and velocity and that the powder is dispersed in flowing air. A feeding and dispersing system has been developed which allows mass throughputs between 0.1 and 20 kg/h. It has been used as a feeder unit for dry particle size analysis from diffraction patterns.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19840010127
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  • 30
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    Electronic Resource
    Modeling and simulation of an entrained flow coal gasifier (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 79-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model has been developed to simulate the Texaco downflow entrained-bed pilot-plant gasifier using coal liquefaction residues and coal-water slurries as feedstocks. This model describes the physical and chemical processes occurring in an entrained coal gasifier. The gasification kinetics describes different complex reactions occurring in the gasifier and the hydrodynamics describes mass, momentum and energy balances for solid and gas phases. Temperature, concentration and velocity profiles along the reactor height were obtained by solving the mass, momentum and energy balances. Parameter studies were made to provide a better understanding of the reactor performance for various inlet feed conditions utilizing the model.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300113
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    Fate of solids fed pneumatically through a jet into a fluidized bed (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 99-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solid tracer particles were fed pneumatically through a jet into a fluidized bed to simulate the feeding of solids via a pneumatic transport line into a fluidized-bed reactor operating in the slugging-bed mode. The fluidized bed was defluidized instantaneously at different times after the initiation of the tracer particle injection. The bed was then sampled layer by layer to provide the radial and axial concentration profiles of the tracer. Regular and high-speed movies (1,000 frames per second) were taken to study the operation of the fluidized bed and the phenomena of the gas-solid two-phase jet.Experimental results on solid mixing, jet constriction and slugging frequencies, slugging bed height, slug length, jet penetration, and jet half-angle at three nominal jet velocities of 52, 37, and 25 m/s and corresponding solids loadings are presented. Additional experimental results on jet constriction and slugging frequencies, and slug volume (axial slug size) obtained for a wider range of jet velocities confirm the hydrodynamic trends observed during the tracer particle injection experiments. The results indicate that solids mixing increases, and well-mixed conditions are reached earlier, with an increase in jet injection velocity. The obtained mixing times were correlated successfully in terms of the excess gas velocity. The experimental data on jet penetration and slug motion were satisfactorily correlated by modified versions of existing theoretical relations. The modifications included the effect of the injected solids on jet penetration and jet half-angle and also the effect of our semicircular column geometry and single wall-slug configuration on the observed slug motion.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300115
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Analytical model for excess Gibbs energy of nonspecific liquid metal interactions (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A physical model for the very strong intermolecular forces in liquid metal mixtures is proposed, involving the combined effects of ion-ion, ion-electron, and electron-electron interactions plus the charge density effects on the electron kinetic energy. The resulting excess Gibbs energy expression contains a single cross-energy parameter which must be evaluated either from the eutectic point or from one mixture datum. The applicability of the model is limited to systems without strong specific solvation, but it does effectively predict both negative and positive deviations from Raoult's law, including the asymmetry arising from size differences. Applications are shown for vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid equilibria.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300120
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  • 33
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    Advanced process control by W. H. Ray McGraw-Hill Book Co., 376 pages, $33.50 (1980) (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 172-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300124
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  • 34
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    Catalytic reactor design, by M. Orhan Tarhan. McGraw-Hill, 1983. 372 pages. $36.95 (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 173-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300127
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  • 35
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    Effective utilization of equations of state for thermodynamic properties in process simulation (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 182-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermodynamic property computations using equations of state first require computation of the density root. Since higher level calculations such as single-stage flash, distillation and data regression are usually performed iteratively, properties are often demanded at conditions where the appropriate density root does not exist. A strategy of returning suitable pseudoproperties under such conditions is proposed. It has been successfully used in ASPEN (Advanced System for Process Engineering), a general process simulator developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300203
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in non-Newtonian solutions in a bubble column (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Until now the oxygen transfer in viscous non-Newtonian solutions has been studied only in bubble columns of about 0.14-m diameter. Recently Godbole et al. (1982) reported much smaller gas holdups in Carboxy Methyl Cellulose solutions (CMC) for a large-diameter column. Therefore, the gas holdups, volumetric mass transfer coefficients, and specific gas-liquid interfacial areas are measured in CMC solutions using a bubble column of diameter 0.305 m and height 3.4 m. The transition from churn-turbulent to slug flow regime occured at higher viscosities and the gas holdups and volumetric mass transfer coefficients were lower in both flow regimes than reported for smaller column diameters. Empirical correlations are presented for the gas holdup, volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and specific gas-liquid interfacial area which would be suitable for the design of fermentors.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300207
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Critical point measurements on nearly polydisperse fluids (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The critical temperatures, pressures and volumes of several mixtures containing CO2, C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10 have been measured using a heavy walled, variable volume, cylindrical glass vessel. In each mixturre the relative proportions of the three hydrocarbon solutes to one another were changed; total solute mole fraction never exceeded 0.1. A detailed study of the mixture CO2 + C3H8 shows that the critical temperature exhibits a minimum at a C3H8 mole fraction of 0.0265. Our mixture data are analyzed using a polydisperse model of dilute solutions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300213
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  • 38
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    Hydrodynamics of cocurrent gas-liquid-solid semifluidization with a liquid as the continuous phase (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 288-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydrodynamic behavior of a cocurrent gas-liquid-solid semifluidized bed was investigated. A separate investigation was performed on a packed bed and a fluidized bed under gas-liquid flow conditions similar to that for the semifluidized bed. Parameters of the semifluidized bed under extensive study include pressure drop, gas holdup, onset liquid velocity for semifluidization, and the height of the packed bed section and the fluidized section. The pressure drop of the semi-fluidized bed obtained experimentally was compared favorably with that predicted by the model equations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300218
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Precipitation and dissolution of solids attending flow through porous media (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 317-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is developed that calculates the chemical equilibrium that exists between a flowing electrolyte solution and mineral assemblages. The development computes the mineral and aqueous compositions as a function of time and position in a one-dimensional porous medium. The model considers the dissolution of solids as well as their precipitation. The application of the model to various problems has revealed that characteristic aqueous and solid phase concentration waves develop and propagate through the system in a chromatographic manner. Example calculations are presented that illustrate the widespread applicability of the model. Specifically, a calculation is presented that reproduces the genetic mineralization features that are found in sandstone-type uranium deposits.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300222
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  • 40
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    Fractionation with condensation and evaporation in wetted-wall columnsThis paper is not to be reproduced or published in any form without the written permission of the authors. J. F. Davis is now with the Department of Chemical Engineering, The Ohio State University. (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 328-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is presented to describe the behavior of falling film fractionators with evaporation or condensation. Experimental measurements of vapor composition, vapor temperature and wall temperature profiles were made. Close agreement suggests that the model is applicable to both adiabatic and nonadiabatic conditions.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300223
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  • 41
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    Masthead (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300301
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  • 42
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    Stratified turbulent-turbulent gas-liquid flow in horizontal and inclined pipes (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A two-dimensional model for stratified turbulent-turbulent gas-liquid flow in inclined pipes is proposed. The gas phase is treated as bulk flow, but an exact solution is carried out for the liquid phase, applying the eddy viscosity theory to model the turbulent viscosity. The interfacial structure is taken into consideration using appropriate correlations for the interfacial shear stress. The model is capable of predicting the liquid velocity field, holdup and pressure drop given gas and liquid flow rates, physical properties, pipe size, and angle of inclination. The results are substantially better than the prediction of Lockhart and Martinelli (1949) correlation and better than the Taitel and Dukler (1976) model for stratified flow.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300305
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  • 43
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    Measurement and modelling of droplet coalescence and breakage in a pulsed-plate extraction column (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 432-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Droplet coalescence and breakage rats in a pulsed-plate extraction column have been measured using the colorimetric method of Hamilton and Pratt (1980). The results were interpreted in terms of rate constants, defined appropriately for the mixer-settler and emulsion regions of operation respectively, using a discrete population balance model. It is shown that the resulting values of these constants can be used to predict accurately the steady-state droplet-size distribution and apparent coalescence rate. Computations for a typical extraction system indicated that the effect of polydispersivity on performance is surprisingly small for the pulsed plate column.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300312
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  • 44
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    The VIM theory of molecular thermodynamics: Part I: Analytic equation of state of nonpolar fluids (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 468-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Variational inequality minimization (VIM) theory of statistical mechanics is used to derive analytic equations of state for nonpolar fluids. Pair- and tripletintermolecular potential energy functions are taken into account in the formulation of this equation of state. The VIM theory has made it possible to derive rather simple expressions for the thermodynamic properties of nonpolar fluids. Predictions of the thermodynamic properties of argon and methane in the liquid phase, in the vapor phase, and in the critical region by the VIM equation of state are shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300316
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    Corresponding states correlation of dissolved-gas diffusion in normal alkanes (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 481-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300318
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    Mathematical modelling of the ligand exchange process (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 494-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300324
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    Turbulence and surface renewal at the clean surface of a stirred vessel (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 502-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300327
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    Observatons on catalytic dissociation of ammonia at high temperatures and pressures (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 504-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300328
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  • 49
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    A largrangian finite element method for the simulation of flow of Newtonian liquids (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 507-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300329
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  • 50
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    A new integral approximation formula for kinetic analysis of nonisothermal TGA data (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 517-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300332
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  • 51
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    Dynamic behavior of a porous char particle burning in an oxygen-containing environment: Part I: Constant particle radius (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 537-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The transient combustion of porous char particles is modelled. The model takes into account the reactions of carbon with CO2 and O2 and the oxidation of CO in the gas phase. It reveals strong effects of the intraparticle thermal gradients and of the pore structure evolution scheme on the burning time and predicts an optimum particle size that gives minimum burning time.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300403
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  • 52
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    A dual mechanism for low-stress hemolysis in laminar blood flow (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 569-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Human blood is sheared in cone-and-plate and parallel-plate rotational viscometers, the latter with variable plate spacings h. Plasma is analyzed for hemoglobin and LDH content before and after shearing to determine the extent of shear-induced blood damage within the low-stress regime (stress ≤ 13 Pa). Geometrical variations in the test apparatus can be accommodated by correlating blood damage with the radially-averaged shear rate. Data on expired blood are shown to imply that much of the damage arises in the bulk fluid, with a smaller contribution from surface effects. Models are proposed to explain these results, obtained over a shear rate range to 5,000 s-1; parallel-plate platen separation is 0.25 〈 h 〈 1.00 mm, cone-and-plate angle is 0.5°, and both systems have platens 100 mm in diameter.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300407
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  • 53
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    A new two-impinging-streams heterogeneous reactor (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 600-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The characteristics of a new heterogeneous reactor of the “two impinging streams” type, suitable for gas-solid heat and mass-transfer operations, were investigated.The operating limits of the reactor, with respect to gas and solid particles mass flow rate and pressure drop, were determined; scale-up criteria with respect to the hydrodynamics of the reactor were also established. It has been found that, under certain conditions, the introduction of solid particles into the gas stream lowers the pressure drop on the reactor. In addition, the maximal pumping energy per kg of solids transported through the reactor by the air is much lower than in a fluidized-bed-type reactor.A stochastic model based on Markov processes was developed which closely describes the behavior of the solid particles in the reactor. A technique based on this model was employed for determining the residence time distribution of the particles in the reactor.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300411
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    Flow and dispersive behaviours of cylindrical pellet string reactor (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 639-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300416
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  • 55
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    Lateral migration of a rigid sphere in torsional flow of a viscoelastic fluid (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 631-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A single polystyrene sphere of radius a, between 141 and 275 micron, when in jected into a disk-plate (torsional) flow of polybutene (viscosity 36 poise, Mn ∼680), migrates radially inward at a rate that is dramatically increased by dissolving 1% of a high-molecular-weight polyisobutylene (Mv ∼106) to make the fluid viscoelastic. The torsional flow field was created by rotating a 21-cm-diameter disk at a rate ω of 6-9 rpm with a gap H of 3.7-5.4 mm between this and a ground glass plate with the fluid in the gap. Lateral migration toward a lower shear rate increased with increasing shear rate and with increasing shear rate gradient in the manner predicted by Brunn (1976) or Chan and Leal (1977). Shear rates up to 25 s-1 were investigated. Below a shear rate of 8 s-1 the radial migration velocity is of the form vr = - L(ωa/H)2r, where L is a positive constant containing the fluid properties, and r is the radial position of the particle.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300414
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    Thermal regeneration of adsorption beds: Equilibrium theory for solute condensation (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 679-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300429
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  • 57
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    Reciprocating plate extraction column as a cocurrent mixer (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 697-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300435
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    Flow measurement engineering handbook by R. W. Miller, McGraw Hill Book Company, 960 pages, $59.95 (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 702-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300438
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  • 59
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    A rotating annular chromatograph for continuous separations (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 705-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Preparative, multicomponent liquid chromatographic separations have been achieved by using a slowly rotating annular sorbent bed with fixed multiple feed points and fixed product withdrawal locations. The cation exchange separation of copper, nickel, and two cobalt complexes has been extensively used to study the effects of rotation rate, eluent rate, bed loading, and column size on separation performance. Experimental results have been compared with three theoretical models: plate theory, an analytical solution which incorporates multicomponent Langmuir isotherms, and an extension of the analytical solution to include dispersion effects.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300502
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    High-pressure phase equilibria for the water/methane systemSupplementary material has been deposited as Document No. 04197 with the National Auxiliary Publications Service (NAPS), C/O Microfiche Publications, 214-13 Jamaica Avenue, Queens Village, N.Y. 11428, and may be obtained for $4.00 for microfiche or $7.75 for photocopies. (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 732-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A semitheoretical method has been established for superimposing the residual thermodynamic properties of pure methane and of pure water over wide ranges of pressure (0.01 to 1,000 MPa) and temperature (triple point to twice the critical temperature). Using reasonable mixing rules with two binary parameters, this superposition also gives mixture properties, including high-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300506
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    Numerical methods of solution for continuous countercurrent processes in the nonsteady state part I: Model equations and development of numerical methods and algorithms (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 770-779 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Simple, efficient and noniterative algorithms are developed for the calculation of the dynamics of continuous countercurrent processes described by hyperbolic differential equations. The algorithms are derived using the method of characteristics and are particularly useful for either general quadratic or hyperbolic isotherms such as the Langmuir isotherm. The use of characteristic coordinates for the numerical solution avoids accumulating errors that would arise from computations based on a rectangular grid of real time and space coordinates.The proposed methods can provide an efficient framework for extension to transport processes with general nonlinear rate expressions. The algorithms and methods initially derived for simple models can be extended to more complex systems such as countercurrent flow with accumulating stationary phases and response to distributed disturbances.The application of the algorithm and methods to a number of countercurrent mass and heat transfer processes will be illustrated in Part II, where the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods will also be demonstrated by comparison to available analytic solutions. An example demonstrating the extension of the method to a system with complex coupled boundary conditions will also be discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300511
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    Collision rate of small particles in a homogeneous and isotropic turbulence (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 802-807 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical equation is derived for the collision rate of aerosol particles in a homogeneous and isotropic turbulent system. This equation takes into account the relative velocity between fluid and particles. The calculated results indicate that the relative velocity between fluid and particles is the main factor in the turbulent coagulation (agglomeration, coalescence) of unequally sized particles in an air flow. This hold true, even when the particle sizes are less than 1 micron. For particles of equal radii the coagulation coefficient reaches its minimum value, because the effect of motion relative to the fluid now becomes zero and only the spatial variation of turbulent motion remains to cause collisions between the particles. For particles following a fluid motion completely, as in a water stream, the equation for the collision rate reduces to the Saffman and Turner equation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300515
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    Trickle-bed effectiveness factors for liquid-phase reactants (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 818-820 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300519
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  • 64
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    Theory on colloidal double-layer interactions (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 7-14 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The potential energy between two interacting colloidal particles is derived by a knowledge of the energy of interaction of two parallel flat plates. The proposed method maps pairs of infinitesimal surface elements from the two interacting bodies to parallel plate-like elements. The results obtained from this theory are compared with the Derjaquin approximation for large kR and the Levine and Dube approximation for small kR.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300103
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  • 65
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    Bubble formation at vibrated orifices: Medium-chamber-volume region (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 37-44 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bubble formation process at small, single, circular orifices at low gas flow rates is modified when the system is vertically vibrated in a sinusoidal fashion.For systems with significant gas chamber volume, bubble volume in the vibrated case is smaller than in the nonvibrated case. The vibrations increase the amount of liquid weeping through the orifice into the gas chamber. A simple inviscid model adequately predicts bubble formation in the medium-chamber-volume region at low values of amplitude and frequency of vibration and low viscosities. The boundaries of the transition from the FR ≫ 1 to the FR = 1 regions are described in terms of “the acceleration number/Eötvös number”.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300107
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    Computer-aided synthesis and design of plant utility systems (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 69-78 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A design synthesis procedure is developed for preliminary design of utility systems. Given known steam sources (waste heat and auxiliary boilers) and sinks (heating, process injection, and driver horsepower needs), the algorithm determines the optimal header pressure levels, the distribution of steam turbines in the network, and the steam flows between all devices so as to maximize the real work recovered from the sources. Any number of pressure levels can be accommodated at only modest increase in computational effort.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300112
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    Decomposition of systems of nonlinear algebraic equations (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 92-99 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method for decomposing irreducible subsets, in the solution of systems of nonlinear algebraic equations, is presented. This method consists of two steps: (1) elimination of the nonlinearity from some of the equations by replacing nonlinear expressions by new variables; and (2) formulation of a problem of smaller dimension by tearing the linear subset of equations. It is shown that these modifications do not change considerably the convergence rate of the Newton-Raphson and Broyden's methods while reducing the problem's dimension. Computer time reduction up to 80% is demonstrated in the examples solved. An algorithm for elimination of nonlinear expressions, which uses Boolean matrices instead of formula manipulation, is also presented.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300114
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    Determination of catalyst surface area from desorption characteristics of physisorbed gases (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 128-136 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new experimental method for the measurement of catalyst surface area of supported catalysts has been developed using selective physisorption. The desorption characteristics of a gas are studied separately on the catalyst, the support, and the supported catalyst by carrying out thermal desorption experiments in a continuous flow sorptometer. Differences in the coverage vs. temperature curves, obtained from the thermal desorption experiments, are a measure of the selectivity of the physisorbing gas, and allow calculation of the fraction of total surface area occupied by the catalyst.Two systems have been studied utilizing the thermal desorption with carbon dioxide as adsorbate: potassium carbonate/carbon black and silver/alumina. Supported catalyst surface area was determined for each system; the results were confirmed using physical mixtures of the two components (where the actual area of each component is known) and oxygen chemisorption for the silver/alumina system. The experimental technique allows for straightforward calculation of the catalyst area.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300118
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    Calculation of aerosol collection in fluidized filter beds (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 156-168 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is proposed for calculating aerosol collection in fluidized filter beds. The method employs the bubble assembly model of fluidization and considers the bed to be a series of compartments, each of which comprises two or three phases. Aerosol collection is assumed to occur in these phases in accordance with existing theories of particle deposition. The validity of the method is tested against available experimental data.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300122
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    Errata (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 175-175 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300129
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    Characterization of mixing in reactor systems through analysis of regional tracer dilution data obtained with a gamma camera (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 207-213 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new approach to the characterization of flow patterns and mixing through analysis of regional tracer dilution data obtained with a gamma camera is presented. Studies performed in a small, two-dimensional, multiple-inlet vessel demonstrate the experimental technique and how data are analyzed to determine the intravessel spatial distribution of fluid deriving from the traced stream. Good agreement is shown between calculated values of the flow distribution and visually observed flow patterns.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300206
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    Multivariable computer control of a butane hydrogenolysis reactor: Part II: Design and on-line implementation of a stochastic controller using an identified multivariate noise model (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 220-226 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multivariable stochastic controller is implemented on a pilot scale, plug flow, butane hydrogenolysis reactor. In the synthesis of the controller, a multivariate time series model of the process disturbances is used. The success of this controller is compared to a previous controller where the process disturbances are not directly modeled.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300208
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    Meandering of water rivulets (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Water rivulets are produced on inclined flat plates made of high-density polyethylene, Mylar, Plexiglas and acetate film. Conditions are obtained for straight rivulets to begin to meander and for measuring rivulets to cease their unsteadiness. These critical conditions are correlated using a one-dimensional theory of high Reynolds number slender rivulets in which pressure gradients generated by curvature, surface tensionand contact-angle hysteresis balance.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300214
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  • 74
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    Generalized correlation for friction loss in drag reducing polymer solutions (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 274-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The definition of the pipe flow friction factor has been extended to include the effect of fluid viscoelastic properties on energy dissipation in turbulent tube flow. The resulting friction factor includes a characteristic fluid relaxation time, which can be determined directly from rheological measurements, and reduces to the usual Fanning friction factor for inelastic fluids. The use of this more general friction factor enables turbulent tube flow data for both fresh and shear degraded “concentrated” drag reducing polymer solutions of various concentrations in various tube sizes to be correlated by the usual f vs. NRe relation for Newtonian fluids in smooth tubes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300216
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  • 75
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    Kinetics of short contact time coal liquefaction. Part I: Effect of operating variables (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 295-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The liquefaction kinetics of Powhatan No.5 mine coal (Pittsburgh Seam) in the presence of SRC-II recycle solvent at short contact times (〈10 min) and temperature and pressure ranges of 573-723 K and 10.3-13.8 MPa is examined in a well-mixed reactor. In the initial stages of liquefaction, while overall coal conversion (tetrahydrofuran solubles) increases with temperature, oil (pentane solubles) is lost with an increase in temperature. An increase in solvent-to-coal ratio results in an increase of conversion. The initial coal particle size distribution, total pressure, and nature of gas phase (nitrogen or hydrogen) have no significant effect on the production of any of the product of liquefaction for contact times up to 10 min. A lumped kinetic model is presented to describe the product distribution.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300219
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  • 76
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    Wall shear measurements by electrochemical probe for gas-liquid two-phase flow in vertical duct (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 338-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300224
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  • 77
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    The principles of chemical equilibrium, 4th ed. by K. G. Denbigh, Cambridge University Press, 1981, 494 pages, $59.50 (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 350-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300227
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  • 78
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    Heat exchangers - theory and practice, J. Taborek, G. F. Hewitt, and N. Afgan, Editors Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Washington, D.C., 1983 992 pages, $69.95 (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 350-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300229
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  • 79
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    Gas-Liquid mass transfer in fixed-bed reactors with cocurrent downflow operating in the pulsing flow regime (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 393-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Liquid-side mass transfer coefficients were measured for cocurrent two-phase downflow in 5 and 10 cm diameter columns pakced with 2.5 and 4 mm Raschig rings. Experiments were specifically carried out in the pulsing flow regime. The mass transfer coefficients were determined via absorption of CO2 into buffer solutions with the advantage of a high absorbing capacity. Thus columns of 1 m length could be used. Relations are proposed based on the hydrodynamic phenomena observed in pulsing flow. From these relations a correlation for kL is found in terms of flow rates and packing characteristics that satisfies the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300307
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the effect of weeping on distillation tray efficiency (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 423-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reduction in distillation tray efficiency caused by uniform weeping of liquid from the tray has been calculated. Numerical results are presented for all three Lewis cases over the range of variables of interest to tray designers. Analytical equations are given for Lewis' cases 2 and 3 for plug flow of liquid on the tray.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300311
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  • 81
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    Breakage functions for droplets in agitated liquid-liquid dispersions (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 457-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Photographic measurements of transient drop-size distributions from stirred liquid-liquid systems of low dispersed phase fraction in a batch vessel confirm consistency with a similarity behavior from population balance established earlier by Narsimhan et al. (1980). Moreover, breakage functions are presented in generalized dimensionless form accounting for dependence on physical properties of the system and power input through stirring. This information is essential for predicting drop-size distributions in stirred liquid-liquid systems. Experimental measurements of steady-state drip-size distributions obtained from stirred, continuous flow systems with known inlet drop sizes compare very favorably with theoretical predictions based on population balance analysis using the breakage functions obtained from batch experiments.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300315
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  • 82
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    Local heat transfer coefficients for a horizontal tube in a large-particle fluidized bed at elevated temperature (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 482-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300319
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  • 83
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    Comments on the paper, “gas transport through polyethylene membranes” (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 492-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300323
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  • 84
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    Hydrodynamic modelling for liquid holdups in periodically cycled plate columns (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 496-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300325
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  • 85
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    Influence of particle size on the pressure fluctuations and slugging in a fluidized bed (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 513-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300331
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  • 86
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    Letters to the editor (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 526-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300335
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  • 87
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    Erratum (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 528-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300336
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  • 88
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    Dynamic behavior of a porous char particle burning in an oxygen-containing environment: Part II: Transient analysis of a shrinking particle (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 549-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The diffusion and reaction model developed in a previous paper is extended allowing for shrinkage of the char particles. It is shown that possible shrinkage, arising from disintegration of the solid structure at a certain conversion level, modifies severely the extinction behavior of the reacting particles. Specifically, the region of ambient temperature and particle radius in which the predictions of the nonisothermal and of the isothermal versions of the model differ significantly becomes smaller. However, the particle shrinkage does not affect the ignition phenomena observed since a particle usually ignites at low conversion levels where the radius change is still negligible.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300404
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  • 89
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    Gels as size selective extraction solvents (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 578-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We have successfully used cross-linked, partially-hydrolyzed, polyacrylamide gels to concentrate solutions of high molecular weight solutes. The gels are sizeselective, concentrating solutes whose diameter exceeds 3 nm. They can be easily regenerated by means of pH-induced changes in gel swelling; this regeneration is consistent with that inferred from existing theories of gel swelling. The resulting separation process is a good alternative to ultrafiltration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300408
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  • 90
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    Structural analysis and solution of systems of algebraic design equations (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 609-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method for expressing the structure of a system of equations is developed using a type of occurrence matrix entitled the functionality matrix. The functionality matrix indicates not only the occurrence of variables in equations but also the functional form in which they occur. Since the difficulty of solving an equation for a variable is related to its functional form, analysis of the functionality matrix provides explicit information on the difficulty of solution of the solution of the equation.A methodology for the solution of design problems by digital computers is described. This methodology operates on the functionality matrix which describes the set of design equations. Algorithms using this methodology interact and guide the designer in an efficient selection of design variables and redundant equations. Once design variables and redundant equations are selected, a computational method is presented for ordering and solving the equations.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300412
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    Single-pellet reactor for bidisperse porous catalysts (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 646-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300419
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  • 92
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    Analytical solution for a first-order reaction in a packed bed with diffusion (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 660-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300423
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    Simulation of test conditions for typical pulverized coal combustors (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 672-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300427
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  • 94
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    Extension of nichols chart for identification of open-loop unstable systems (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 684-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300431
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  • 95
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    Letters to the editor (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 700-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300436
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    Masthead (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300501
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  • 97
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    Incomplete state feedback for time delay systems: Observer applications in multidelay compensation (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 717-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper demonstrates how a recently developed observer for time delay systems may be used to estimate needed state variables for implementation of multivariable time delay compensation. The general results are illustrated by an example of a multireactor plant in which only one reactor concentration can be measured. The observer worked well in simulation for both multivarible PID control and multidelay compensated PID control and allowed both schemes to function with estimated state variables in the feedback loop.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300504
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    Estimation of parameters where dependent observations are related by equality constraints (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 747-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pirt's model for microbial growth and product formation are reparameterized to obtain multiresponse models with common parameters. The dependent variables in the models are related through the available electron and carbon balance constraints. Covariance adjustment is used to reduce the growth model to a unit variate linear model with covariates. Therefore, standard multiple regression programs can be used to obtain combined point and interval estimates of true biomass energetic yield, true product yield and maintenance coefficient. This approach may yield “better” estimates than the maximum likelihood approach when an appropriately selected subset of covariates is used. Nonlinear estimation procedures are also considered; these procedures are efficient with few responses; however, as the number of responses per observation increase, they may require a lot of computing time. For illustration several data from the biochemical engineering literature are analyzed by the proposed methods.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300508
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  • 99
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    Numerical methods of solution for continuous countercurrent processes in the nonsteady state part II: Application of numerical methods (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 780-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The numerical methods developed in Part I are applied to a number of important countercurrent processes. Examples involving simultaneous input disturbances, distributed disturbances, Langmuir isotherms, and nonlinear coupled boundary conditions are tested. These examples, if solved by previous methods, would have required interpolation or iterative procedures, but are solved efficiently and accurately by the explicit algorithms and coding sequence developed in Part I.The solutions for a linear system are in excellent agreement with the analytic solution. Numerical solutions obtained from explicit algorithms based on a nonlinear rate expression also shows very good agreement with the analytic solutions of Thomas (1944) for a fixed bed process. In both cases good accuracy is obtained with as few as sixteen increments.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300512
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  • 100
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    Influence of surface tension on jet-stripped continuous coating of sheet materialsPlease see letters to the editor on page 879 for further discussion of this paper. (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 808-811 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300516
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