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  • 1975-1979  (1,924)
  • Engineering General  (946)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (885)
  • Bone
  • Psychopharmacology
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radioautographic visualization of3H-fucose incorporation into glycoprotein by osteoblasts and its deposition into bone matrix (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Bone ; Glycoprotein ; Golgi ; Osteoblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The elaboration of bone matrix glycoprotein by osteoblasts of alveolar bone was investigated by radioautography after the intravenous injection of3H-fucose into young rats. At selected times after injection, animals were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion and demineralized specimens were prepared for light and electron microscope radioautography. At 5 and 10 min after injection, when the blood fucose level was high, silver grains were restricted to the spheroidal and cylindrical saccules of the Golgi apparatus. At 20 min membrane-limited secretory granules were also labeled. By 35 min, the blood fucose level had dropped and silver grains were detected over the apical cortical cytoplasm, in association with secretory granules located therein. Some grains were present over osteoblast processes and the adjacent prebone matrix. By 4 h most of the silver grains had left the cell. At that time they were observed over prebone, adjacent to osteoblast processes, as well as over the prebone-bone junction where a distinct band of label was noted. In demineralized preparations an electron-dense granular material was present at the prebone-bone junction in association with collagen fibrils. These findings provide evidence that osteoblasts in alveolar bone synthesize fucose-containing glycoprotein and indicate that the addition of3H-fucose occurs in the Golgi apparatus. The glycoprotein passes to the apical cortical cytoplasm by way of membrane-limited secretory granules, is exteriorized, and accumulates at the site where prebone transforms into bone (the prebone-bone junction). Since this is also the site of the calcification front, the deposition of labeled glycoprotein may be related to the deposition of bone mineral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441182
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone fluoride concentrations associated with fluoridated drinking water (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Fluoride ; Analysis ; Food ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Recently published bone fluoride values from Iowa are very high compared to earlier reports, suggesting an increase in fluoride intake. Reanalysis of the Iowa specimens shows levels one-fourth those reported by the Iowa laboratory indicating an error in the original report. Seventeen bone specimens, collected from long-term residents of Rochester, New York, drinking 1 ppm F− water, had a mean value of 2085±270 ppm F− on an ashed-weight basis. This value is not significantly different from that predicted by the data of Zipkin et al. in 1958. These data, therefore, do not support the contention that there has been an increase in fluoride intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441168
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a spectrophotometer for radiographic photodensitometry of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 103-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Photodensitometry, X-ray ; Radiography ; Spectrophotometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A conventional spectrophotometer was used to do radiographic photodensitometry of bone mass. An experiment to produce osteoporosis in guinea pigs required quantification of changes in bone mass. Lack of a densitometer necessitated finding another method for quantification. The method developed involved using industrial film in a closed X-ray system. Optical density of X-rays was then read in a spectrophotometer at nine femur locations. Highly significant correlations between optical density and femur calcium content and femur dry weight per millimeter were obtained. Histological sections from an animal with low optical density measurements confirmed bone loss by showing decreased cortical width and loss of trabecular bone. In addition to using readily available equipment, this method offers the advantage of being able to detect bone loss in specific areas of the bones. In addition, bones are left intact and can be used for other purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441227
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of paramagnetic centers in X-ray-irradiated enamel, bone, and carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: ESR ; Bone ; Enamel ; CO3-Apatite ; Paramagnetism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite, enamel, and bone were irradiated by an X-ray and investigated between 77° and 350°K by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The ESR spectrum of enamel irradiated at 77°K in vacuum and observed at the same temperature was almost the same as that of the carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite. The temperature dependence of signal intensities confirms a spin-energy exchange between the mineral and organic constituents in bone, but in enamel no or very little spinenergy exchange between the mineral and organic constituents. Considerable similarity among the ESR spectra of enamel, bone, and carbonate-containing apatite was obtained after X-ray irradiation in air at 300°K with both an X-band and a Q-band ESR spectrometer. The Q-band spectrum can be interpreted in terms of two paramagnetic species. One is identified as a CO 3 3− anion radical which has an axial symmetry withg factors of 2.0029 and 1.9972. The other species is found to be centered atg=2.0019.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441228
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the solid state of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Infrared, visible light ; Bone ; Collagen ; Apatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photovoltaic effect (infrared and visible light) is observed in bone and its two major components, collagen and apatite, at room temperature. A dimunition in the magnitude of photovoltage is observed after exposure to ultraviolet light in all the cases. The drift mobility of the charge carriers is obtained by measuring I versus V relationships in sandwich samples and relating them to the permitivity of the medium. Lifetime of the injected carriers is measured in the usual way. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effects are due to protonic conduction phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441215
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced sarcomas of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 4 (1979), S. 72-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Sarcomas ; Bone ; Neoplasms ; Radiation induced
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Historically, the literature reveals that the incidence of radiation induced bone sarcomas is very low. Details related to epidemiology cannot be identified, however, because of the difficulty of identifying precisely the patient population at risk for development of the radiation induced sarcoma. The change in character of practice in cancer management with ever increasing numbers of patients receiving both radiation therapy and chemotherapy should alert physicians to the potential for increased incidence of this rare and unusual tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349330
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of embryonic chick tibiae in ovo and in vitro: A scanning electron microscope study (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Bone ; Organ culture ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The study describes the ultrastructure of the mineralized portion of chick tibiae from 10 days in ovo to 2 days post-hatch. At 10 days a single mineralized cylinder surrounds the diaphysis. On its outer surface columnar trabeculae join to form ridges parallel to the long axis of the bone. These ridges are covered by another cylinder and form the haversian canals. At 11 days vascular invasion of the marrow cavity occurs and resorption of the endosteal surface begins. This type of periosteal deposition and endosteal resorption is repeated during and subsequent to embryonic development. The mineralized portion of 10-day chick tibiae cultured for 2 days in modified BGJ medium was compared with 10-, 11-, and 12-day tibiae in ovo. Cultured tibiae were similar in length and calcium content to 11-day tibiae in ovo. The form of mineral deposited in ovo and in culture was the same, namely, aggregates of spherical mineral clusters. Differences in culture included the following: (a) few concentric cylinders were deposited as compared with tibiae in ovo; (b) trabeculae were not arranged in rows and ridges in culture; (c) osteocytic lacunae were restricted to bases of trabeculae rather than uniformly distributed as in ovo; and (d) the endosteal surface of tibiae in culture appeared etched.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441158
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of the role of calcification nodules in the mineralization of woven bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone formation ; Calcification ; Calcification nodule ; EM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Osteolathyrism has been used as an experimental model for the study of calcification nodules during the mineralization process. Periosteal exostoses developing in osteolathyrism characteristically have spherical basophilic structures (calcification nodules) in the vicinity of developing bone spicules. In thin sections, the nodules were seen scattered between collagen fibers in the intercellular matrix. Collagen fibers did not appear to be present within the nodules but sometimes were packed just outside them. Matrix vesicles were also present in areas of early mineralization. After EDTA decalcification, the majority of the nodules consisted of a fine granular material surrounded by an electron-dense peripheral zone. The peripheral dense zone was occasionally incomplete in small nodules in areas of early mineralization. An electron-dense central area could be observed in the center of the nodules. Evidence has been presented indicating that the calcification nodules arise from smaller mineralization foci, presumably matrix vesicles. The calcification nodules enlarge to approximately 1.0 µm in size, at which point development is slowed or halted allowing the formation of the peripheral dense zone. Although coalescence of nodules was observed, this was more a random event. The further mineralization of the trabeculae was achieved by the calcification of the collagen fibers. The mineralized trabeculae reflected this pattern of nodular and collagenous calcification. It is suggested that this pattern of calcification is characteristic of rapidly developing woven bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441162
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes in the density and tensile strength of human femoral cortical bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Femur ; Strength ; Density ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to ascertain whether the intrinsic strength of human bone changes with age or not, we have determined the ultimate tensile strength and density of strips of femoral cortical bone. These femora were collected from cadavers varying in age from 13 to 97 years. The results show that both density and intrinsic strength of bone increase up to about the fourth decade of life and then decrease with age. However, the rate of decrease of strength is greater than that of density. This indicates that the density of bone is not the sole determining factor of its strength, and that some other factors play an important part.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441170
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of the perilacunar hypomineralized areas in cortical bone from patients with familial hypophosphatemic (vitamin D-resistant) rickets (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Rickets ; Hypophosphatemia ; Microradiography ; D-resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The perilacunar areas of low mineral density in microradiographs from cortical bone of patients with hypophosphatemic (vitamin D-resistant) rickets are not evenly distributed throughout the bone tissue. Their frequency and distribution were determined in bone from 9 patients with this disease. It was found that the lesion was more frequent in haversian bone than in interstitial bone, and along the inner circumference of growing haversian systems as compared with the outer circumference. These findings indicate that the lesion is the result of retarded mineralization, and that mineralization slowly proceeds in these areas as the bone becomes older. A relatively high frequency of the lesion was also found in osteons with an elliptical cross section along the long axis of the ellipse. The cause of the abundance of the lesion at these sites is not clear, but it is possible to explain the uneven distribution in elliptical osteons by assuming an unequal rate of bone formation in these structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441169
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbon dioxide and various oxygen tensions on the respiratory activity of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Oxygen uptake ; Bone ; Oxygen tension ; Carbon dioxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The present study was carried out to determine the influence of carbon dioxide and oxygen tension on the respiratory activity of bone cells in mouse calvaria in vitro. Five-day-old mouse calvaria were removed aseptically and incubated individually for 1 h at 37° C in a closed reaction chamber containing 1.5 ml of tissue culture medium made up of 60% horse serum in Gey's solution containing 100 unit/ml penicillin and 100µg/ml streptomycin. Before the calvaria were added, the medium in the incubation chamber was equilibrated with 10%, 20%, 30%, or 50% oxygen balanced with nitrogen. The effect of CO2 on oxygen utilization by the calvaria was determined by incubating the calvaria in a medium previously equilibrated with either 50% O2 balanced with N2 or 50% O2 and 5% CO2 balanced with N2. At each oxygen tension, the rate of oxygen utilization by the calvaria was measured polarographically by a Clark oxygen electrode. The results showed that the rate of oxygen uptake of bone increased as the oxygen tension increased and carbon dioxide stimulated significantly the rate of oxygen utilization by the bone cells. In view of the previous reports that both carbon dioxide and oxygen tension are implicated in the process of bone resorption, it is suggested that these two factors may affect bone resorption by influencing the oxygen utilization by bone cells and ultimately controlling their energy metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441180
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction of the calcified tissues inPolypterus (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: X-ray diffraction ; Hydroxyapatite ; Whitlockite ; Fish (Pisces) ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Pyrolyzed scales, fin spines, and bone from the ray-finned bony fishPolypterus (Actinopterygii) showed two mineral phases on X-ray diffraction: hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca5(PO4)3OH, and whitlockite, Ca3(PO4)2. The ratio of HA/whitlockite varied with the structure (scale, spine, bone) within each individual fish. The relative proportions of HA to whitlockite in pyrolyzed samples reflected the Ca/P ratio of the sample. Whitlockite appears after pyrolysis when the Ca/P is lower than 1.67. Among the five fish investigated, for each structure a general trend was noted. The proportion of HA relative to whitlockite increased with size (age) of the fish. Thus the smallest fish, a juvenile, exhibited a low Ca/P mineral in its calcified tissues, whereas the larger fish had progressively more HA and less whitlockite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441216
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disordered mineral metabolism produced by ketogenic diet therapy (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Anticonvulsant ; Ketogenic diet ; Calcium ; Vitamin D ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Vitamin D and mineral metabolism status was examined in five children maintained chronically on combined ketogenic diet-anticonvulsant drug therapy (KG), and the results compared to those obtained in 18 patients treated with anticonvulsant drugs alone (AD) and 15 normal controls. KG patients exhibited biochemical findings of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia: decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and calcium concentrations, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone concentrations, decreased urinary calcium and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and decreased bone mass. Although the KG and AD groups demonstrated similar reductions in serum 25OHD concentration, the KG patients exhibited a significantly greater reduction in bone mass. In response to vitamin D supplementation (5000 IU/day), mean bone mass in the KG group increased by 8.1±0.9% (P〈0.001) over a 12-month period. These results suggest that ketogenic diet and anticonvulsant drug therapy have additive deleterious effects on bone mass and that these effects are partially reversible by vitamin D treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441213
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of osteoclast activating factor from human lymphocytes on cyclic AMP concentrations in isolated mouse bone and bone cells (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone cells ; Cyclic AMP ; Osteoclast activating factor ; Lymphokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Osteoclast activating factor (OAF) is a lymphokine which may participate in the pathologic destruction of bone observed in a number of disorders. In the current studies, we investigated the action of OAF on cAMP accumulation by bones and isolated bone cells in culture. OAF was shown to stimulate accumulation of cAMP in mouse cranial bones at doses between 1 and 1000 ng/ml. Stimulation of bone resorption was observed in bones treated with the same doses of OAF. In order to investigate the cell types responsible for cAMP responses to OAF, we isolated bone cells and grew them in monolayer culture. The cells were isolated by a variety of techniques which separate bone cells into two types of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-responsive populations: (a) cells derived from the periosteal regions of the bone, which also respond to calcitonin with increases in cAMP; and (b) cells derived from the matrix, which do not respond to calcitonin. OAF caused elevation of cAMP levels in both the periosteum-derived cells and the matrix-derived cells. The magnitudes and time courses of OAF effects in these populations resembled the effects previously reported for PTH in the same populations. OAF stimulated adenyl cyclase in both types of cell populations, but did not produce significant changes in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. OAF differed from PTH in that its effects on cAMP accumulation decreased sharply at supramaximal doses in both bone and isolated cells, especially in the matrix-derived populations. Bone resorption did not decrease as markedly as did cAMP accumulation at high doses of OAF, suggesting that cAMP accumulation and resorption could be dissociated under some conditions. These results indicate that OAF has effects on cAMP production in the same cell populations as PTH, and suggest that OAF could modify not only resorption but also formation of bone in vivo. OAF may exert its effects on bone by means of cAMP-dependent mechanisms, but more data will be necessary to establish this unequivocally. The observed differences between OAF and PTH may be of relevance in the mechanism and treatment of pathologic bone destruction in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441214
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone metabolism, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin in paraplegia (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Parathyroid hormone ; Calcitonin ; Osteoporosis ; Paraplegia ; Hydroxyproline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In paraplegia, osteoporosis below the neurological lesion occurs early after the spinal cord affection. The serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT), using a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of immunoreactivity, were studied in 12 paraplegic patients for 9 months following onset. Serum Ca and P levels, urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and the kinetic metabolic clearance of45Ca have also been measured. P and immunoreactive (i) CT levels were found the highest at the beginning of the observation and progressively decreased with time. Ca and iPTH serum levels varied inversely with time, the highest level of Ca and the lowest level of iPTH being recorded at the third month following the paraplegia. Mean values of Ca, iPTH, and iCT were in the normal range throughout the study. P levels were increased during the first 3 months. Hydroxyprolinuria was also high and45Ca kinetics showed increased values of Vt, Vo+, and Vu. These parameters indicate a high degree of bone turnover. The results were consistent with the assumption that PTH is not responsible for the increased resorption of bone in paraplegia. Likewise, a deficiency of CT does not seem to be responsible for this bone resorption. These endocrine modifications could be secondary to an increase in the calcium flux from bone to blood and resulting from bone destruction as attested by the increase of urinary calcium and urinary hydroxyproline excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441186
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone maturation in the vitamin D, phosphate deficient rat and the response to acid loading (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Vitamin D ; Acidosis ; Phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Vitamin D and phosphate deficiency were produced in rats in order (a) to evaluate the degree of bone mineral and matrix maturation using a bromoform/toluene density gradient technique; and (b) to compare the aforementioned bone maturational changes due to vitamin D and phosphate deprivation to those produced with superimposed severe acidosis. Rats were fed a diet deficient in vitamin D and phosphorus (0.2%) from 3 weeks through 7 weeks of age. To examine the additional contribution of dietary calcium, we gave one-half of the animals either a low (0.06%) or high (1.3%) calcium diet. Following the 4 weeks of vitamin D deficiency, one-half of each group was given 1.8% NH4Cl in the drinking water for 4 succeeding days to induce an acute, severe acidosis. The degree of bone maturation was quantitated via bromoformtoulene density gradient fractionation; total mineral and hydroxyproline (collagen) levels were quantitated as well. The vitamin D-deficient rats deprived of adequate dietary phosphate responded by conserving phosphorus, and as a consequence total bone phosphorus levels were maintained within that level for control rats. This conservation was independent of calcium intake but was extremely sensitive to acute acid loading, where a significant reduction in total bone phosphorus was noted. The bone maturational profile obtained from the vitamin D-phosphate deficient rats, however, revealed a significant accumulation of less mature or dense bone collagen and mineral with a corresponding decrease in the most mature or dense moieties. In contrast to the reduction of the total bone phosphorus content by acute acidosis, the skeletal collagen-mineral maturational profile was not significantly affected by the short-term systemic acidosis. The observed retardations in the bone collagen and mineral maturation of the vitamin D-deficient, phosphate-deprived state provide an additional observation which may well relate to the progressive osteopenia documented in states of chronic, mild acidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441191
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in proline synthetic and degradative enzymes during matrix-induced cartilage and bone formation (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Proline ; Cartilage ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Proline biosynthetic and degradative enzymes are unevenly distributed in differentiated mammalian tissues. Activities of the synthetic enzymes are relatively high in collagenous tissues, whereas activities of the degradative enzymes are high in noncollagenous tissues. In order to further characterize tissue-specific proline biosynthesis and degradation, we have determined proline enzyme activities during cartilage and bone formation induced by demineralized bone matrix. We can thus follow temporal changes in enzyme activity in a single tissue as different cell types develop. Ornithine aminotransferase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase have peaks of activity which correlate with maximal type II collagen synthesis by chondrocytes. Both enzymes also are active during bone formation. In contrast, proline oxidase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase are present at low levels and do not change as new cell types appear. Arginase activity peaks during the first 3 days and then rapidly decreases by the time cartilage and bone formation begin. These observations further substantiate the importance of proline biosynthesis in collagenous tissues. The close correlation between ornithine aminotransferase activity and type II collagen synthesis suggests that the pathway from ornithine to proline may be especially important during formation of type II collagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441197
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noninvasive measures of bone bending rigidity in the monkey (M. nemestrina) (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bending rigidity ; Disuse atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The in vivo bending rigidity and bone mineral content of monkey ulnae and tibiae were measured. Bending rigidity in the anteroposterior plane was measured by an impedance probe technique. Forced vibrations of the bones were induced with an electromechanical shaker, and force and velocity at the driving point were determined. The responses over the range of 100–250 Hz were utilized to compute the bending rigidity. Bone mineral content in the cross section was determined by a photon absorption technique. Seventeen male monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) weighing 6–14 kg were evaluated. Repeatability of the rigidity measures was 4%. Bone mineral content was measured with a precision of 3.5%. Bending rigidity was correlated with the mineral content of the cross section,r=0.899. Two monkeys were evaluated during prolonged hypodynamic restraint. Restraint produced regional losses of bone most obviously in the proximal tibia. Local bone mineral content declines 17 to 24% and the average bending rigidity declines 12 to 22%. Changes in bones leading to a reduction in mineral content and stiffness are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441171
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anticonvulsant drug-induced osteomalacia: Alterations in mineral metabolism and response to vitamin D3 administration (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Anticonvulsants ; Calcium ; Vitamin D ; Parathyroid hormone ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Parameters of mineral metabolism were examined in 6 patients with moderately severe anticonvulsant drug-induced osteomalacia. Compared to 15 matched controls, the patients exhibited significantly reduced serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration, reduced intestinal47Ca absorption, reduced urinary calcium and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and reduced forearm bone mass. Intestinal absorption of vitamin D3 was normal. Following 4 months of treatment with vitamin D3 (4000 units/day), serum 25-OHD concentration was increased to 3 times mean normal values and all parameters except serum iPTH, urinary calcium excretion, and forearm bone mass were returned to levels not significantly different from normal. Serum iPTH concentration was reduced by 39% (P〈0.05); 24-h urinary calcium excretion rose by 98% (P〈0.001), and forearm bone mass increased by 5.6% (P〈0.05). It is concluded that moderate-dose vitamin D3 supplementation is effective in normalizing parameters of mineral metabolism in this disorder, despite evidence of resistance to the biologic effects of vitamin D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441155
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    The calciuria of increased fixed acid production in humans: Evidence against a role for parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; PTH ; 1,25(OH)2D ; Acid ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We measured mineral and acid balances, serum iPTH, urinary cAMP/creatinine, and plasma concentrations of 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D in 7 healthy adults during control conditions and during increased fixed acid production achieved either by the administration of NH4Cl (N=3) or by increased dietary protein intake (N=4). When acid production was increased, the subjects were in positive acid balance and negative Ca balance because of increased urinary Ca excretion. Serum iPTH fell slightly but urinary cAMP and the plasma levels of vitamin D metabolites did not change. We conclude that the accelerated skeletal and urinary losses of Ca that occur when fixed acid production is increased are not contributed to nor compensated for by the parathyroid-vitamin D endocrine systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441241
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
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    The occurrence of chondroitin-6-sulphate in adult human compact bone tissue (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 29 (1979), S. 169-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Glycosaminoglycans ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Compact bone tissue chondroitin sulphate, previously considered to be pure chondroitin-4-sulphate, was isolated from three adult human femoral diaphyses and digested with chondroitinase ABC. Assaying these digests by means of high performance liquid chromatography we could demonstrate that 12 to 14% of the disaccharide residues were 6-sulphated. The 4/6-ratios were also studied in chondroitin sulphate fractions of different molecular size. Slightly increasing amounts of 6-sulphated disaccharides were found with increasing size of the chondroitin sulphates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408073
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  • 22
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    Effects of changing hydrogen ion, carbonic acid, and bicarbonate concentrations on bone resorption in vitro (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 29 (1979), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Culture ; Resorption ; Acidosis ; Alkalosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have examined the effects of H+, CO2, and HCO3 − concentrations during metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis on bone resorption in vitro. Rat fetal bones prelabeled with45CaCl2 were cultured at 2%, 5%, and 10% CO2 for up to 120 h, and the release of45Ca was measured in devitalized bones (non-cell-mediated45Ca release) and in live bones (cell-mediated45Ca release) cultured with or without PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3. Non-cell-mediated mineral loss was linearly related to H+ concentration but not to CO2 or HCO3 − concentration. This effect was observed on both labeled and stable calcium. Over a wide pH range (6.9–7.5) H+, CO2, or HCO3 − concentrations did not influence cell-mediated bone resorption in control or in PTH-and 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated cultures. However, inhibition of cell-mediated bone resorption was observed at higher or lower pH irrespective of CO2 or HCO3 − concentrations. These observations demonstrate that the bone mineral mobilizing effect of acidosis in vitro is mainly due to the effect of changing H+ concentration on devitalized bone. Effects on cell-mediated bone resorption and hormonal response were observed only at extremes of pH. The effects of H+ were independent of changes in CO2 or HCO3 − concentration and could be responsible for the negative calcium balance and increased urinary loss observed in metabolic acidosis in vivo, but do not explain the reported differences in effects on calcium metabolism between respiratory and metabolic acidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408049
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    Finite element and conjugate gradient methods for a nonlinear optimal heat transfer control problem (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1851-1863 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary control problem of optimal heating of an infinitely long slab with tempertue-dependent thermal conductivity, subjected to a convection and radiation boundary condition, is analysed by numerical methods.In order to reformulate the optimal control problem of distributed parameter systems as a mathematical programming problem of finite dimension, a space, co-ordinate is discretized by use of the finite element method, while the Runge-Kutta method is utilized for time integrations. Finally, the performance index of the optimal control problem is minimized by the conjugate gradient method of optimization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141207
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    Call for papers (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1879-1879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141212
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    Simulation of multivariable non-linear stochastic systems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 37-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140104
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  • 26
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    The numerical solution of two-dimensional, steady flow problems by the finite element method (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 11-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element equivalents of the equations governing shearing and buoyancy driven flows are derived, and reduced to upwind forms suitable for the solution of problems in which the Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers are large. A modification to the central difference iterative method is studied which increases the Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers for which a central difference form may be used. A comparison is made between the results obtained using the central and upwind forms of the finite element method and those predicted by finite difference methods in the case of flow in a cavity. A mesh refinement study is made. The upwind forms of the finite element equations are applied to the solution of a complex flow problem involving the flow of glass in a throated furnace in the case of constant- and temperature- dependent viscosity and conductivity.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140103
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    A simple flat triangular shell element revisited (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 51-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The 18 degree-of-freedom flat triangular shell element is reformulated by combining the well-known bending triangle with a plane stress triangle incorporating in-plane rotations at each vertex. Both elements are displacement formulated. The plane stress element's displacement interpolation is incomplete and hence convergence to exact solutions is precluded. Comprehensive test results are presented for several types of problem including plane stress, thin shells and folded plates. The results indicate that the element does produce rapidly convergent answers. However these answers are not the correct ones, although they may be acceptable engineering approximations in many applications. Further, the element seems to provide reasonably good results even for relatively coarse element grids.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140105
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  • 28
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    Dynamics of rotationally periodic structures (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 81-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper considers the finite element analysis of the free, undamped and the forced damped vibrations of rotationally periodic structures. Associated with every natural frequency (except for those for which the deflection is the same at corresponding points on every substructure) there are a pair of orthogonal mode shapes, with eigenvectors {u} and {ü}. The complex vector {z}={u}+i{ü} is also an eigenvector of the equations of motion, and represents a rotating normal mode. The deflection of one substructure has the same amplitude as, and a constant phase difference from the deflection of the preceding substructure. It is therefore possible to analysse the complete structure by considering only one substructure, and applying appropriate complex constraints at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to and applying appropriate complex constrainsts at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to impose this phase difference. The method has been implemented in a computer program and is illustrated by analyses of an alternator end winding, a cooling tower with legs, and a wheel of turbine blades.For forced vibration, it is shown that any arbitrary oscillatory force can be decomposed into a series of rotating forces. For any one of these rotating components, there is a fixed relationship between the amplitude and phase of the force acting on one substructure, and that acting on an adjoining substructure. This relationship, which does not involve any approximation, can be used to enable a series of calculations of the response of one substructure to be performed instead of one on the whole structure. A series of calculations on an individual substructure normally requires much less computer time and storage than a single calculation on the complete structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140107
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    An optimization procedure for stress concentrations by the finite element technique (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Load-free notch surfaces of bodies made of a linear-elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material are optimized within given variation domains by means of an interation procedure so that the occurring maximum tangéntial stress is reduced to a minimum. The hypothesis of a constant tangential stress distribution for obtaining minimal notch stresses proposed by R. V. Baud has been confirmed by means of the Fade-away Law of the notch stress theory. The finite element method is applied for calculating the displacement and stress field of the styructure. An increment procedure is used for determing the displacement field after every iteration step, which permits the calculation of the displacement quantities with sufficient accuracy in a single step. Numerical solutions and their comparison with analytical solutions and stress results obtained with the aid of photo-elasticity confirm the usefulness of this procedure. The known optimization methods1,2 differ from those used in the present paper.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140109
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    A hybrid integral-equation method for steady two-dimensional ship waves (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 317-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a novel integral-equation technique for solving the steady-state wave-resistance problem. The free-surface condition is linearized, but the body condition is satisfied exactly. An integral relation describing the flow inside an arbitrarily truncated internal region is first obtained by applying Green's Theorem, using only the simple source function for an infinite fluid. The internal flow is next matched with eigen expansions in the upstream and downstream outer regions. The radiation condition can be satisfied exactly simply by a proper choice of the solution form in these outer regions. The method is applied to investigate flows about both lifting and non-lifting two-dimensional bodies. Agreement with existing results is excellent. The present formulation provides a simple yet rational basis for tackling the practical three-dimensional ship-wave problem, in which past workers have encountered considerable difficulties using a complicated free-surface Green function.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140303
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  • 31
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    Restricted range adaptive curve fitting (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 379-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we present an algorithm for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using restricted range uniform approximations on a finite point set. We also present several numerical examples and offer suggestions for the effective use of this algorithm. We have found the algorithm to be effective for approximating a wide class of functions, either with or without significant levels of noise. Furthermore, since the user of this algorithm actually defines tolerance bands within which the approximation will lie, the algorithm allows the user a great deal of flexibility and control over the shape of the resulting approximations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140306
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  • 32
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    Finite element incremental contact analysis with various frictional conditions (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 337-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of contacting components such as gear teeth in mesh and shrink-fitted shafts is very common in engineering practice. This paper deals with the development of a theoretical method which gives a solution for non-linear contact problems with irreversibility resulting from stick-slip phenomenon.The method is based on the finite element method and load incremental theory. The geometrical and the statical boundary conditions on contact surfaces are treated as additional conditions being independent of stiffness equations. As a result, the algorithm of calculation is simplified and only a part of the simultaneous equations related to the contact surfaces is required to be solved instead of the overall stiffness equations at each step. Furthermore, the magnitude of load causing a change in a contact condition of one contact nodepair is taken as a load increment, in analogy with the incremental iterative procedure for elastic-plastic problems. Therefore, the method provides a general and efficient method for analysis and design of such problems.As illustrative examples, the stick-slip behaviour of turbo-alternator end-bells and other problems are discussed. The calculated results show a reasonable agreement with experimental data and other solutions.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140304
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140401
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  • 34
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    Non-self-adjoint problems and essential boundry conditons (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140404
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    The thermal loads in the finite element analysis of elasto-plastic stresses (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 499-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method for the evaluation of the thermal loads used in the incremental finite element analysis of elasto-plastic stress is presented. The stress distributions obtained by two apparently possible methods for evaluation of the thermal loads are compared.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140403
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  • 36
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    Isoparametric elemetns for cross-sepctional properties and stress analysis of beams (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 475-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an isoparametric finite element formulation for the torsion and the flexure due to end shears for the beam cross-sections of arbitrary shape. Isoparametric line elements are developed using this formulation for the beam cross-sections consisting of very thin wall open or close multicells. Isoparametric transition elements are also developed for the beam cross-sections consisting of both thin wall sections and solid like sections. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the applications of such elements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140402
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    Derivation of a new stiffness matrix for helically armoured cables considering tension and torsion (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 515-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new element stiffness matrix is derived for straight cable elements subjected to tension and torsion. The cross-section of a cable, which may consist of many different structural components, is treated in the following as a single composite element. The derivation is quite general; consequently, the results can be used for a broad category of cable configurations. Individual helical armourning wires, for instance, may have unique geometric and material properties. In addition, no limit is placed on the number of wire layers. Furthermore, compressibility of the central core element can also be considered. The equations of equilibrium are first derived to include ‘internal’ geometric non-linearties produced by large deformations (axial elongation and rotatioin) of a straight cable element. These equations are then linearized in a consistent manner to give a liner stiffness matrix. Linear elasticity is assumed throughout. Excellent agreement with experimental results for two different cables validates the correctness of the analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140405
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    Frequency analysis of thick orthotropic plates on elastic foundation using a high precision triangular plate bending element (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 531-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A high precision triangular thick orthotropic plate bending element on an elastic foundation is developed for the free vibration analysis of thick plates on elastic foundation. The element has three nodes with twelve degrees-of-freedom per node, and takes into account the shear deformation and rotatory inertia. The accuracy of the element is established by comparison of the natural frequencies of certain thick and thin plates, determined from a consistent mass matrix formulation, with available results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140406
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    A stable finite element simulation of convective transport (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 545-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element simulation of the equations of momentum and energy transport in fluids has been implemented with triangular elements. An attempt is made to single out the reasons for numerical instabilities reported by other investigators for convection-diffusion transport operations in fluid mechanics when the ratio of the convective to the diffusive terms, measured by the Reynolds and Peclét numbers, is of the order of a hundred. To this end, the equations are solved for several problems to permit a direct comparison with results of other formulations. It is shown that the appearance of instability can be delayed by a proper choice of boundary conditions, and its intensity can be reduced through the use of triangular finite elements. Results agree very well with theoretical solutions for particular test problems including flows with large convection effects, large dissipation effects and fluids with temperature dependent properties.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140407
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    The evaluation of improper integrals encountered in the use of conformal transformation (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 567-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Methods are described and reviewed for the accurate numerical evaluation of improper integrals encountered in conformal transformation solutions involving boundaries of relatively complicated shape. Four methods are reviewed for the solution of integrals containing end-point singularities. Two new methods are discussed for the solution of integrals containing both end point singularities and simple poles within the range of integration. One method uses a combination of a simple recursive formula and the coefficients of a Chebyshev series and a second method involves subtracting out the singularity and the use of Gauss-Jacobi quadrature. Both methods can give results of high accuracy and an upper limit of the error is readily found. A numerical example is taken which is typical of the application to practical problems and this brings out a comparison of the two methods.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140408
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    A direct linear system solver with small core requirements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 633-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper present an algorithm and its corresponding FORTRAN IV program which solves a system of simultaneous equations of the type generated in structural analysis. It is based on the Gauss elimination method, so it is a direct method. But it only needs to have in core as many equations as it can contain, with a minimum of two. The program offers the following advantages: (a) Takes into account zeros to avoid operations. (b) Considers very big numbers in the diagonal, corresponding to boundary conditions, to avoid operations. (c) It can handle several load cases either simultaneously or in groups, at choice.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140502
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    The finite element method for elliptic problems, Phillipe G. Ciarlet, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1978. No. of pages 530. Price $57.75 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 786-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140514
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    Announcement (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 787-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140515
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    Applications of the theory of plasticity in soil mechanics, J. Salençon, Wiley, Chichester, 1977. No. of pages: 176. Price £10 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 785-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140513
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140601
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  • 46
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    Announcement (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140602
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    Erratum (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. ii 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140603
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  • 48
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    Curvilinear finite difference method for biharmonic equation (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 791-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The essence of the proposed curvilinear finite difference solution method is the direct solution of the transformed fourth order partial differentiall equation using the finite difference expressions based on the flexible structure so that the geometry generality of the finite element method can be approached. The examples of applications indicte that the curvilinear mesh can be used and the boundary condition on the curved boundary can be easily and accurately prescribed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140604
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    Representation and discretization of arbitrary surfaces for finite element shell analysis (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 813-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An interactive computer graphics system has been developed for generating the geometric description of an arbitrary shell surfface. The various difficulties facing the user of sophisticated, doubly-curved shell finite elements and the inefficiency of preprocessing for shell analysis are discussed to explain the benefits of this system. The method is a synthesis of spline theory and algorithms, and an interactive means for man-machine communication. The basic technique employed is a modified lofting method in which cardinal splines. An inversion procedure is incorporated which increases significantly the efficiency of the B-spline approximation process. Static and dynamic graphic displays greatly enhance visualization at any stage of the procedure. Two examples of practical interest are presented in some detail to demonstratge the flexibility and usefulness of this approach. Some natural extensions of this system for interactive mesh generation on the surface are also demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140605
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  • 50
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    A comparasion of three resequencing algorithms for the reduction of matrix profile and wavefront (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 837-853 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Three widely-used nodal resequencing algorithms were tested and compared for their ability to reduce matrix profile and root-mean-square (rms) wavefront, the latter being the most critical parameter in determining matrix decomposition time in the NASTRAN finite element computer program. The three algorithms are Cuthill-McKee (CM), Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer (GPS), and Levy. Results are presented for a diversified collection of 30 test problems ranging in size from 59 to 2680 nodes. It is concluded that GPS is exceptionally fast, and, for the conditions under which the test was made, the algorithm best able to reduce profile and rms wavefront consistently well. An extensive bibliography of resequencing algorithms is included.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140606
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    Strees analysis of variable cross-section indeterminate beams using reopeated integration (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 855-870 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple computer method is presented for analysing statically indeterminate beams having sectionally constant EI values and loads consisting of any number of arbitrarily placed concentrated forces and couples as well as any number of uniform and ramp loads. Unknown reactions are treated as parameters which are determined by simulataneous imposition of end conditions and interior constraints. Support locations are specified independently of any discontinuites of load or cross-section. A computer program implementing this method is described which has very concise data input considerably shorter than tupically required in programs based on the stiffness method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140607
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    Adaptive l1-l2 curve fitting (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 871-903 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In References 1 and 2, algorithms were introduced for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using uniform, least-squars (l2) and restricted-range uniform approximations. This present paper introduces a FORTRAN program for computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations to data and/or precise mathematical functions (in discrete form) which allows the user the option of using best l1 of best l2 approximations. (The l2 option of this newly developed l1-l2 adaptive curve-fitting package supersedes the code listed in Reference 1 for the old least-squares program.) In this paper, adaptive curve-fitting algorithm used in this l1-l2 package is described in detail, the FORTRAN program is the given (in the Appendix) and discussed, the numerical results are presented in an effort to illustrate how the l1 and l2 versions of this algorithm may be used most effectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140608
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    A numerial experiment on orthonormalization process (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 905-911 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical experiment has been conducted to check theeffectiveness and reliablity of the orthnormalization process tosolve two-point boundary value problems. This process in usedalong with the method of superposition in the linear case andwith the quasilinearization and then the method of superpositionin the non-linear case.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140609
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    Errors arising from irregular boundaries in ADI solutions of the shallow-water equations (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 921-931 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Truncation errors introduced by operator splittingtechniques, such as the ADI scheme, are discussed in the contextof the two-dimensional shallow-water equations. Numericalexamples of flow along a uniform channel, with and withoutfriction, illustrate the practical significance of these errors when the boundary is not aligned with the computational gridaxes. With irregular boundaries the maximum time step aceptable ismore severely restricted than has been realized hitherto. The problem, which is shown to stem from the treatment of the boundary conditons, is inherent in any splitting scheme and is difficult to circumvent.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Displacement oscillation in plane quadratic isoparametric elements in orthotropic situations (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 913-920 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Long thin test specimens of orthotropic material are modelledby quadratic isoparametric finite elements in plane strain. Displacement oscillations occur down the long free edge of themodel with both reduced (2 × 2) and full (3 × 3) integration, themagnitude of the oscillations being affected by element aspectratio and the elastic constants of the material. The rate ofdiffusion of stress as predicted by the classical shear-lag theory, being dependent on the material constants, is reflectedin the displacement oscillations near the load in 3 × 3integration. In 2 × 2 integration, however, this effect is swampedby the build-up of oscillations away from the restraints in alowenergy deformation mode which becomes dominant as the elementaspect ration is increased. These latter voscillations arepredicted by the illconditioning of the structural stiffnessmatrix measured by a solution diagonal decay factor.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Some follower forces and load stiffness (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 937-941 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140613
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    A multipurpose Gauss routine for unbanded symmetric matrix (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 933-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140612
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    Announcements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 946-948 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140615
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    A conforming finite element method for two-dimensional incompressible elasticity (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 942-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140614
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140701
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    Numerical determination of a class of generalized stress intensity factors (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 949-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A modification of the collocation method for the numerical solution of Cauchy-type singular integral equations appearing in plane elasticity and, especially, crack problems is proposed. This modification, based on a variable transformation, applies to the case when the unknown function of the singular integral equation behaves like A(x - c)α + B(x - c)β, where α 〈 0, 0 〈 β - α 〈 1, near an endpoint c of the integration interval. In plane elasticity such a point is either a crack tip or a corner point of the boundary of the elastic medium. Thus the method seems to be quite efficient for the numerical evaluation of generalized stress intensity factors near such points. A successful application of the method to the classical plane elasticity problem of an antiplane shear crack terminating at a bimaterial interface was also made.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140702
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    Large displacement analysis of three-dimensional beam structures (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 961-986 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An updated Lagrangian and a total Lagrangian formulation of a three-dimensional beam element are presented for large displacement and large rotation analysis. It is shown that the two formulations yield identical element stiffness matrices and nodal point force vectors, and that the updated Lagragian formulation is computationally more effective. This formulation has been implemented and the resulted of some sample analyses are given.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140703
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    A new numerical method for transient thermal stress problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 987-1000 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new numerical method of calculating unsteady-state heat conduction and thermal stresses by using improved coefficient matrix patterns on the nodal points of a structure is given. Good agreement is obtained between our results and the rigorous results, and this method seems to yield better accuracy than other well-known approximate methods for two-dimensional transient thermal stress problems.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140704
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    A class of preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for the solution of a mixed finite element discretization of the biharmonic operator (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1001-1019 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the biharmonic operator is solved as the variational formulation of two coupled second-order equations. The discretization by a mixed finite element model results in a set of linear equations whose coefficient matrix is sparse, symmetric but indefinite. We describe a class of preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for the numerical solution of this linear system. The precondition matrices correspond to incomplete factorizations of the coefficient matrix. The numerical results show a low computational complexity in both number of computer operations and demand of storage.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140705
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    On comparing the accuracy of some finite difference methods for parabolic partial differential equations (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1021-1035 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Methods for comparing the accuracy of numerical methods for the solution of parabolic partial differential equations are briefly surveyed. Criteria for a more systematic comparison are proposed and applied to an accuracy comparison of the classical and the modified Saul'yev methods and the Crank-Nicholson method on a simple linear problem. The results obtained, which include observation of the existence of optimal spatial mesh size for the two Saul'yev methods, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140706
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    Application of backward differentiation methods to the finite element solution of time-dependent problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1051-1061 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of finite element methods to parabolic partial differential equations leads to large linear systems of first-order ordinary differential equations. Very often these systems are stiff and difficulties arise in their numerical solution. We attempt to analyse the problem of how to select numerical methods for the solution of such linear systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140708
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    Nonlinear rebound of a rod after impact against a deformable barrier (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1037-1050 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The nonlinear impact of a vehicle against a deformable barrier and its subsequent rebound from that barrier are simulated. A one-dimensional elastoplastic model represents the vehicle as a series of rod finite elements and the barrier as a single mass, nonlinear spring. The solution procedure utilizes variable time step integration, contains an error control and eliminates numerical instabilities. A limited study assesses the influence of system parameters on both structure and occupants. The chief objective, however, is to establish the feasibility of the proposed treatment of this class of problems. Some results obtained appear, at first, to contradict intuition. It is observed that modelling a deformable barrier as rigid can lead to unconservative results with respect to structural response of the vehicle.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140707
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    On an efficient use of CST elements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1063-1072 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Similar and similarly oriented CST elements have the same stiffness matrix, and therefore similar shapes generated by the assembly of such elements possess the same stiffness matrix. This property and the matrix condensation technique may be judiciously combined to simplify the study of large structures, which may otherwise incur large core requirements and time and involve the solution of a great number of equations. In this paper the idea is developed to indicate its full potential. In illustration, results from examples on the determination of stresses around a small hole in a large plate are presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140709
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    Smooth interfacing of finite element models (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1073-1078 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A technique for smoothing the transition between structural components modelled with dissimilar finite element meshes is presented. The interface mismatch is assigned a potential of dislocation, which is minimized with respect to selected kinematic parametes of the mating surface. This leads to linear constraints between the caididate representations of the mating surface which essentially dictate a least-square error in dislocaiton. The constraints are enforced by the Lagrange multiplier or reduced stiffness technique. Numerical results indicate gradual transition in the predicted stresses neighbouring the interface. Existing computer codes which permit multipoint constraint specifications are readily available to implement the technique.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    The order of numercial quadrature in two dimensions (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1085-1089 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper the order of certain two-dimensional quadrature formulae is discussed and it is shown that their degree and order are not related in the same simple way as they are for one-dimensional rules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Residual correction applied to a sequence of block tridiagonal matrices (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1079-1084 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The decomposition of a block tridiagonal matrix into the product of block lowe and upper matrices is described. The cost of solving a block tridiagonal system of equations is given and compared to profile gaussian elimination. The desirability of a less expensive method is coupled to physical intuition about a common problem of solving a slowly varying sequence of such systems to motivate an iterative method based on residual correction. The method is described and convergence criteria are derived. An expression of the cost is developed and is shown to compare favourably with decomposition in many cases. Problems and advantages in computer implementation of the method are discussed and results of tests of a particular implementation on a well-known problem are given.
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    Description of a curved boundary shape without first derivative discontinuities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1090-1094 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For the two-dimensional isoparametric 8-node element an additive condition is formulated, so that the function describing the domain boundary is continually differentiable at the common nodes on the boundary. This condition will be satisfied by moving the mid-side nodes into a special position. The advantage in using this modified element will be shown by an example of the elasto-plastic calculation of a double-edge notched specimen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    On the approximation of incompressible materials in the displacement method (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1095-1099 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A mathematical description of the numerical approximation to incompressibility with nearly incompressible displacement finite elements is presented. By the way of functional analysis, it leads to a condition of convergence to the incompressible problem when v is increased up to 0.5, which can be identified with Fried's K1 criterion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140714
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    A fast algorithm for triangular plate bending element (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1100-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This communication presents a simple algorithm to compute the stiffness matrix for a triangular plate bending element, without numerical integration. This brings about a substantial saving in computer time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140715
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  • 75
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    Announcements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1105-1105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140716
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  • 76
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140801
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  • 77
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    A cubic extended interior penalty function for structural optimization (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1107-1126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes an optimization procedure for the minimum weight design of complex structures. The procedure is based on a new cubic extended interior penalty function (CEIPF) used with the sequence of unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) and Newton's method. The Hessian matrix of the penalty function is approximated using only constraints and their derivatives. The CEIPF is designed to minimize the error in the approximation of the Hessian matrix, and as a result the number of structural analyses required is small and independent of the number of design variables. Three example problems are reported. The number of structural analyses is reduced by as much as 50 per cent below previously reported results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140802
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  • 78
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    On modified incomplete cholesky factorization methods for the solution of problems with mixed boundary conditions and problems with discontinuous material conefficients (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1127-1140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In Reference 1 a class of first-order factorization methods for the solution of large, sparse systems of equations, of which the coefficient matrix is a symmetric M-matrix, was introduced. Asymptotic results for the computational complexity was proved in the case of systems arising from finite difference approximation of second-order self-adjoint elliptic partial differential equation problems in two dimensions with Dirichlet boundary conditions. In this paper the result is extended to cover even mixed boundary conditions and problems with discontinuous material coefficients. Results from numerical experiments with various finite difference and finite element approximations are presented and comparisons with direct and other interative methods are made.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140803
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  • 79
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    A numerical method for analysis of bounded metalworking processes (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1165-1182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a numerical procedure for the solution of metalworking problems of a strain-hardening material. The overall metalworking process is split up into a number of stages and the governing equations for a typical stage are set up in terms of incremental displacements. The incremental deformation occurring in each successive stage is found by an interative numerical procedure based on the concept of piecewise linearization. The ‘composite’ solution yields the distribution of stress and strain in the work material at various stages of the process. Finally, application of the method to finite axisymmetric compression is described.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140805
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  • 80
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    An explicit numerical method for solving transient combined heat conduction and convection problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1141-1163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes an explicit numerical method for solving transient combined heat conduction and convection problems. Applications include the cooling of many types of engineering plant; for example, stator and rotor windings of turbogenerators and high voltage underground cables. The Du Fort-Frankel and the fully implicit finite difference schemes have been used to solve the conduction and convection equations, respectively. It is shown that, with a suitable order of calculation, the overall method becomes explicit. Computational procedures are outlined and stability, accuracy and convergence are considered. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the use of the method and to validate some of the theoretical points. Results have also been obtained using existing numerical methods and have been compared with those from the proposed method. For certain problems, it is shown that the proposed method uses less overall computing time than other methods such as that devised by Crank and Nicolson.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140804
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  • 81
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    Contribution to the numerical treatment of partial differential equations with the Laplace transformation - an application of the algorithm of the Fast Fourier transformation (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1183-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140806
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  • 82
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    Numerical methods for a two-phase Stefan problem by variational inequalities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1221-1239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140808
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  • 83
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    A one-phase multi-dimensional Stefan problem by the method of variational inequalities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1197-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140807
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    An accurate method of dynamic substructuring with simplified computation (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1241-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new dynamic substructuring method is presented. The substructures are identified by their fixed-interface modes and the condensed stiffness and mass matrices at zero vibration frequency. Physical co-ordinates are used instead of the modal co-ordinates to make the condition of compatibility between elements applicable. The dimension of the fundamental matrices is equal to the number of interface co-ordinates for each substructure. All information needed to formulate the fundamental matrices may be obtained experimentally. Both discrete and continuous parameter models are considered.A number of numerical examples are given and the method is compared with the other methods of dynamic substructure. It is shown that the numerical accuracy lost in the ordinary eigenvalue economization process may be recovered by the present method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140809
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    Incremental displacement algorithms for nonlinear problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1262-1267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140811
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  • 86
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    Stability of parallel flows by the finite element method (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1257-1261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents and results obtained from the stabilitystudies of plane Poiseuille flow and magnetohydrodynamic flow by the finite element method. Applying Galerkin's weighted residual method and introducing the interpolation function in the exponetial form with respect to time, the governing flow equations are reduced to an eigenvalue problem. This formulation is much simpler than that of the asymptotic expansion method. Solutions are obtained directly in terms of velocity and pressure. Results of the critical Reynolds number obtained by this method compare well with those of other methods for plane Poiseuille flow and magnetohydrodynamic flow.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140810
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    A note on plate bending analysis using triangular finite element TUBA 3 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1268-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In Reference 1 a mistake has been made by the derivation of equation (40). The correct expression is shown in the present note.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140812
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    Announcements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1271-1271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140813
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    Call for papers (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1272-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140814
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  • 90
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140901
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  • 91
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    Announcement (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140902
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  • 92
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    Conforming approximations for Kirchhoff plates and shells (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1273-1291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element interpolations of arbitrary polynomial degree which are exactly and minimally C1 continuous across interelement boundaries are studied. A perspective view of the techniques proposed by other authors is presented and some new possibilities are considered. The problem is discussed with reference to the plate and shell finite element approximations, based on the principle of minimum potential energy. The approach also permits identification of sufficient conditions for guaranteeing full rank of stiffness matrices based on modified principles of potential energy. The results of this analysis can be used to investigate the linear dependencies among nodal variables which also occur in the formulation of other fourth-order problems.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140903
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  • 93
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    The computation of three-dimensional rolling contact with dry friction (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1293-1307 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper the computer code Duvorol, dealing with the computation of three-dimensional rolling contact with dry friction, is described. It is based on the variational principle of Duvaut and Lions for dry friction, which leads to an incremental theory. The relevant properties of Duvorol are:1Generality. All half-space steady-state rolling contact problems with Hertzian normal contact can be treated.2Reliability. The total tangential force is always found with reasonable accuracy by a standard discretization.3Speed. On an IBM 370/158 the calculation of a case then takes only several seconds.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140904
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  • 94
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    Inelastic bending of beam including transverse shear (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1323-1333 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An incremental force-displacement relation is derived using the finite element matrix method to study the inelastic bending of beams including transverse shear. Solutions are obtained for the case of a cantilever beam with a point load and a simply supported beam with distributed loading considering and also ignoring the effect of transverse shear. They show good agreement for those cases where solutions are available. Also, the effect of transverse shear is found to be quite significant.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140906
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  • 95
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    Design-oriented analysis of imperfect truss structures - part I - accurate analysis (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1309-1321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An accurate nonlinear analysis procedure for calculating the displacement stresses and system buckling loads of geometrically imperfect truss structures is developed. The investigation considers both local and system imperfections. This nonlinear analysis takes first-order geometrically nonlinear effects into account. The accuracy of the analysis procedure is confirmed by comparison with analytical and experimental results for truss structures drawn from the literature. The results show that local and system imperfections can have strong influence on the behaviour of truss structures and therefore should be taken into account. It is shown that nonlinear effects play a major role in the phenomena and therefore simplified analyses that neglect nonlinear effects are inadequate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140905
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  • 96
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    An accurate method for two-point boundary value problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1335-1346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new second-order accurate method for the solution of two-point boundary value problems on a uniform mesh is given; the local truncation error is obtained for use with the deferred correction process. The method is compared with existing second-order techniques and is shown to produce more accurate results for a number of linear and nonlinear example problems.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140907
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    The finite element method in the solution of unbounded potential flows (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1347-1358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple, yet effective, finite element approach to aerodynamic problems is presented. A better approximation of the geometry is obtained by the mapping of airfoils into near-circles. The mapping serves in homogenizing the gradients of the problem by magnifying regions of high gradients such as the leading and trailing edges while geometrically condensing the lower gradient regions on the main part of the airfoil. The mapping also permits the use of an effective automated mesh generation scheme that greatly reduces the amount of preparatory work involved in finite elements. To limit the size of the solution domain, an asymptotic analytical solution, with unknown coefficients, is assumed on a finite radius outer contour. The coefficients are obtained along with the finite element nodal unknowns. An accrued advantage of this patching asymptotic procedure is its ability to obtain the lift as a solution variable without having to resort to the numerical integration of the pressure field over the body. Solutions to non-lifting and lifting bodies are obtained.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140908
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  • 98
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    Modelling the load transfer in threaded connections by the finite element method (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1359-1377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We introduce a finite element model for stress analysis of threaded connections. Instead of modelling individual threads, the thread zone is replaced by a layer of elements with orthotropic properties. The principal directions of orthotropy depend upon the thread geometry and upon the direction of load, which is not necessarily known a priori. Both conventional and tapered threads are considered. The latter problem is nonlinear, as the number of threads in contact is a function of the load. Numerical results for conventional and tapered threads agree well with theoretical and exeprimental results in the literature.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140909
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  • 99
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    Orthogonal base functions and consistent diagonal mass matrices for two-dimensional elements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1379-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Orthogonal base functions that are complete first-order polynomials but contain higher order terms are developed for normalized rectangular and triangular elements. To obtain exact expressions for kinetic energy under rigid body rotation, an internal node is introduced at the centroid of each element. Then the corresponding mass matrix is both diagonal and consistent. A mixed variational formulation is used in the derivation of spatially discretized field equations. Central Difference time integration is utilized to provide sample results which are compared with other numerical or analytical solutions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140910
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  • 100
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    Plastic (or visco-plastic) behaviour of axisymmetric bodies subjected to non-symmetric loading - semi-analytical finite element solution (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1399-1412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A combination of a two-dimensional finite element process and a Fourier series in the third dimension, well known in linear applications, is shown to be a possible and efficient way of analysing plastic and visco-plastic behaviour. The economy of the process as contrasted with full three-dimensional solutions is illustrated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140911
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