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  • 1970-1974  (451)
  • 1971  (451)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (330)
  • Engineering General  (62)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (59)
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  • 1970-1974  (451)
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 3-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The numerical solution of non-linear consolidation problems (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 5-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It has long been recognized that permeability, compressibility and viscosity vary during the consolidation of soil. However, the introduction of these variations into consolidation theory leads to formidable difficulties due to their rendering the equations highly non-linear. Numerical methods are given herein which enable the governing equation to be solved for a variety of different non-linear laws.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the simultaneous iteration method to undamped vibration problems (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 13-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The simultaneous iteration method of obtaining eigenvalues and eigenvectors is employed for the solution of undamped vibration problems. This method is of significance when a few of the dominant eigenvalues and eigenvectors are required from a large matrix, and hence is particularly suitable for vibration problems involving a large number of degrees of freedom. It is shown that advantage may be taken of both the symmetry and the band form of the mass and stiffness matrices, thus making it feasible to process on a computer larger order vibration problems than can be processed using transformation methods. A method of allowing for body freedom is given and some numerical tests are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An economical method for determining the smallest eigenvalues of large linear systems (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The general eigenvalue problem Ax = λBx as arising from vibration problems tackled by the finite element method is often solved by the economization method in which the two matrices are reduced to a more manageable size and approximate answers are obtained.This paper analyses the method in a more mathematical way than previous accounts and leads to a definition of the optimum set of variables to be retained during the reduction. An extension to the method is suggested which allows the approximate eigenvalue to be improved and bounds are obtained on the eigenvalues of the full problem before reduction.An estimate is made of the calculation involved in the method and it is concluded, by reference to examples, that the extended method leads to a more efficient algorithm.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution of the compressible flow equations (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A technique is described for solving the compressible flow equations in subsonic flow. The general quasi-linear equation ∇.g∇v = 0 is considered with g a function of ∇v. ∇v, and iterations of the form ∇.gn∇vn+1 = 0 are analysed, where g0 is suitably chosen and gn defined from vn for n≥1. This approach is applied to the compressible flow equations in terms of a velocity potential ø: monotonic convergence is predicted and at each iteration the error is multiplied by a factor less than the square of the greatest Mach number in the solution.Reliable convergence has been obtained in practice solving the linear equation for øn+1 by a finite difference method. The alternative of working in terms of the stream function ψ is discussed, and also discretization by the finite element method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic analysis of structures using the rank force method (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 103-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of the finite element rank force method for the dynamic analysis of redundant structures is presented. The applied loading consists of discrete and distributed loads. Both forced and free vibrations are considered, the latter yielding latent vectors corresponding to dynamic redundancies.It is shown that the dynamic properties of an element are given by a static flexibility matrix, an inverse mass matrix, a damping parameter and a displacement vector representing the effect of the applied distributed loading.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An annular segment finite element for plate bending (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 119-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A stiffness matrix for a finite element having the planform of an annular segment is derived using the displacement approach. Numerical problems involved in the derivation are discussed and rapid convergence to exact solutions is demonstrated on three sample problems. It is concluded that the new element will be of great value to engineers concerned with the analysis of slabs of bridge decks curved in plan.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030201
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process analysis by statistical methods, D. M. Himmelblau, Wiley, New York, 1968. No. of pages: 460. Price: £8·75; $19.95 (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 151-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030117
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial notice (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 154-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030202
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The finite difference and localized Ritz methods (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The conventional central finite difference equations for the plane stress extension of flat plates are derived as a localized Ritz process. A dual differential-variational discretization of this type enables common classification of the finite difference and finite element methods. Also, it provides alternative methods of establishing sufficiency conditions and relative rates of convergence for discrete systems derived from a localized Ritz process, and the existence of solution bounds for discrete systems derived using difference procedures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030203
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite element formulation of general electrothermoelasticity problems (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 161-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the development of consistent discrete models, via the concept of finite elements, of linear and non-linear electrothermomechanical behaviour of continuous bodies. In the development, general energy balances are utilized to derive equations governing electromagnetic fields over an element and coupled equations of motion and heat conduction of a typical element of the continuum. These equations make it possible to study a general class of field problems involving arbitrary geometries and boundary conditions. Sample problems are included.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030204
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial wave propagation in membrane shells of revolution (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 181-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The dynamic finite element technique, which is referred to in the literature as ‘computer-analysis’, is applied to wave propagation problems occurring in finite and semi-infinite linearly elastic membranes of revolution. Both semi-infinite and finite versions of cylindrical and conical membranes are considered, and a finite membrane having a meridional curve which is parabolic is solved. The source of excitation is generally a constant velocity motion of one end of the membranes, but the results for a stress-pulse input at one end of a semi-infinite cylindrical membrane are also given. The results for the finite membranes are new, and the results for the semi-infinite problems are discussed with respect to previously published results. The two-dimensional state of stress in the membrane requires careful ordering of the calculations, and the boundary conditions for finite membranes are shown to follow logically from this ordering of the calculations. The difference in the solutions resulting from prescribing an axial or a tangential velocity excitation at the end of a conical membrane is presented, and the mesh size necessary for convergence to the solution is indicated. The graphs of the results clearly indicate regions in space and time where the membrane model should be replaced by the shell formulation to represent a realistic structure. The technique is shown to be self-contained and independent of any formal method such as the method of characteristics.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030205
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic programming and the solution of the biharmonic equation (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 199-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The numerical solution of the biharmonic equation in a rectangular domain is presented in the context of continuous dynamic programming techniques. The equations are specialized to the solution of elastic rectangular plates. A suitable approximate expression of a certain functional equation containing derivatives only in one direction is used to derive equations for the stiffness and flexibility matrices of the plate. It is shown that those matrices satisfy matrix Riccati equations subject to suitable initial conditions. It is also shown that the condition of optimality in the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation directly expresses a classical variational principle, i.e. the principle of complementary energy. Some numerical examples are finally presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030206
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quadrature rules for brick based finite elements (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 293-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030213
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on accuracy and convergence of finite element approximations (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 291-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030212
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced integration technique in general analysis of plates and shells (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 275-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solution of plate and shell problems by an independent specification of slopes and middle surface displacements is attractive due to its simplicity and ability of reproducing shear deformation. Unfortunately elements of this type are much too stiff when thickness is reduced.In an earlier paper a derivation of such an element was presented1 which proved very successful in ‘thick’ situations. Here a very simple extension is made which allows the element to be economically used in all situations.The improved flexibility is achieved simply by reducing the order of numerical integration applied to certain terms without sacrificing convergence properties. The process is of very wide applicability in improvement of element properties.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030211
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030301
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A powerful hybrid method in finite element analysis (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 389-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An important limitation of finite element analysis, namely, the need for a large number of small elements in regions of finite or infinite stress concentrations and the difficulties of convergence in such cases, is well known. Rao1 suggested a possibility of overcoming this by developing hybrid techniques combining continuum and finite element concepts. In such techniques, each region of stress concentration is covered by one large ‘primary element’ whose description includes term(s) identifying the type and order of concentration, while the remaining structure is split into a few ‘secondary elements’ which are conventional finite elements. In this paper a procedure incorporating this concept is developed and its effectiveness is clearly demonstrated by successful application to two important examples, one of them with stress singularities. The concept, in fact, can be applied equally well to other two- and three-dimensional problems of continua with discontinuities and concentrations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030308
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discussion of paperSuryanarayan Patnaik and Pasala Dayaratnam, ‘Behaviour and design of pin connected structures’, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 2, 579-595 (1970). by Suryanarayan Patnaik and Pasala Dayaratnam (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 443-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030312
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent advances in matrix methods of structural analysis and design, edited by R. H. Gallagher, J. T. Oden and Y. Yamada, University of Alabama Press, Alabama, 1971. No. of pages: 904. Price: $32.50 (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 446-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030315
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discussion of paperR. S. Barsoum and R. H. Gallagher, ‘Finite element analysis of torsional and torsional-flexural stability problems’, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 2, 335-352 (1970). by R. S. Barsoum and R. H. Gallagher (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 444-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030313
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcements (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 447-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030316
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030401
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The elasto-plastic indentation of a half-space by a rigid sphere (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 451-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Using the finite element method, a detailed study of the deformations and stresses produced in an elastic-perfectly plastic half-space indented by a rigid sphere was done. The analysis covers the transition region from the maximum elastic contact load to a state where this load has been increased one hundredfold. Experimental results available in the literature are in good agreement with the analysis. In solving repeatedly the large number of linear equations involved in the solution of the problem, it was found profitable, in order to save computer time, to modify the direct elimination method. This technique is described in some details in the paper.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030402
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-linear structural analysis by dynamic relaxation (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 463-483 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Dynamic relaxation, an iterative method for use with digital computers, is described and is shown to be suitable for the solution of a system of linear equations and in particular for such problems derived from structural frame analysis. It is further shown that the method may be modified to include non-linear equations relating to these problems.Some specific examples of linear and non-linear solutions are given and comparisons are made with another computer method which performs the same tasks.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030403
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on convergence of finite element solutions (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 485-493 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The convergence of nodal displacements obtained by the finite element method is investigated for special element patterns in plane elasticity with the aid of the differential equation derived from the equilibrium condition at each node. The convergence of strains is also discussed. It is shown that averaging is an effective tool for obtaining approximations to strain for some kinds of mesh arrangement. It is also shown that the approach becomes inaccurate along force boundaries.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030404
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress and deformation analysis of fibrous composite materials by point matching (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 89-101 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The point matching numerical method and its generalization, the method of boundary point least squares, have been successfully applied to numerous boundary value and eigenvalue problems. The present paper demonstrates the application of these techniques to problems in the micromechanics of fibrous composite materials, i.e. determination of elastic moduli and stress concentrations for parallel-fibre materials which are loaded transversely with respect to the fibres. The solution technique utilizes exact solutions of the governing equations of plane elasticity for each component fibre and its surrounding matrix material in a typical repeating section of the composite material. The continuity conditions for stresses and displacements between fibre and matrix and the repeatability conditions at the boundary of the repeating section are satisfied approximately in a pointwise manner. Some special numerical techniques which were found to be particularly useful in applying the point matching method to these problems are delineated. The method is demonstrated for composite materials having circular, elliptical and square fibres in regular, staggered arrays. Numerical results are given which show the accuracy of the method as well as stress concentration and composite elastic moduli data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030111
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concave programming and piece-wise linear programming (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 131-144 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper discusses the mathematical foundations of a technique that has been used extensively in structural optimization.1-6 Two basic problems are considered. The first of these is the concave programming problem which consists of finding the global minimum of ‘piece-wise concave functions’ on ‘piece-wise concave sets’. Since any function can be approximated by a piece-wise concave function, this method could in principle be used to find the global minimum in non-convex optimization problems. The second one is the piece-wise linear programming problem in which the objective function is convex and piece-wise linear. The iterative method outlined for handling this problem is shown to be much more efficient than the standard simplex method of linear programming.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030114
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  • 30
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    Generation of two- and three-dimensional finite elements (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 327-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Many of the known finite elements are based on a variational procedure in a functional basis of monomials. The present paper attempts to formulate completely a finite element procedure which is non-variational on a functional basis which is left to the choice of the user.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030304
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    An equation solver of very large capacity (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 379-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A very simple equation solver of very large capacity is developed. The method described here does not require a very large in-core memory; however, a fast random access device like a magnetic disk drive is required.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030307
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    A numerical solution of axisymmetric problems in elastodynamicsThis research was supported by the Research Foundation of the State University of New York. (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 361-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The equations governing the axisymmetric dynamic deformation of an elastic solid are considered as a symmetric hyperbolic system of linear first-order partial differential equations. The characteristic properties of the system are determined and a numerical method for obtaining the solution of mixed initial and boundary value problems in elastodynamics is presented. Two examples are considered.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030306
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    The solution of structural equilibrium equations by the conjugate gradient method with particular reference to plane stress analysis (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 349-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computer program is described for the analysis of plates in extension using the equivalent plane-framework idealization. The conjugate gradient method is adopted to solve the resulting large number of simultaneous equations. Performance figures are quoted for the program when used on an ICL KDF9 machine with a restriction of 18K on the available core store. The method is generally shown to provide a satisfactory solution to a heavy computational task and thus permits the solution of very large structural systems on a small computer.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030305
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    Improved numerical integration of thick shell finite elements (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 575-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A quadratic thick shell element derived from a three-dimensional isoparametric element was first introduced by Ahmad and co-workers in 1968. This element was noted, however, to be relatively inefficient in representing bending deformations in thin shell or thin plate applications. The present paper outlines a selective integration scheme for evaluating the stiffness matrix of the element, in which each component of the strain energy is evaluated separately using a different Gaussian integration grid for each contribution. By this procedure, the excessive bending stiffness of the element, which results from the use of me quadratic interpolation functions, is avoided.The improved performance of this element, as compared with the original thick shell element, is demonstrated by analyses of a variety of thin and thick shell problems. Editors' note: A similar development was outlined by O. C. Zienkiewicz and co-workers in lnt. J. num. Meth. Engng, 3, 275-290 (1971). Some important details differ between the two papers which are thus complementary.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    Incremental displacement in non-linear analysis (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 587-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030412
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    An introduction to APL, W. Prager, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1971. No. of pages: 134 (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 591-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030414
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    Letters to the editor (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 588-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030413
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    An introduction to applied probability and random processes, J. B. Thomas, Wiley, New York, 1971. No. of pages: 350. Price: £6·15 (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 591-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030415
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    Masthead (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030101
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    Erratum (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030102
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  • 41
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    The piecewise-linear analysis of two connecting structures including the effect of clearance at the connections (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method of analysis is presented for two structures which have connections with clearance. It is assumed that the behaviour of the structures is described, by the movement of discrete nodes and that as the load on the structure changes, clearances open or close between corresponding nodes on the structures; each time this occurs the stiffness of the combined structure changes because its configuration has changed. Between these changes, the structure will behave linearly and the overall behaviour can be described as piecewise linear. Applications include diesel engine crankshafts with bearing clearances and the wrap-around problem in pin-and-eye connections.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030108
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    Finite element method applied to the problem of stability of a non-conservative system (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 63-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element method is applied to the stability analysis of structural systems subject to non-conservative forces. The development of the method is general, but the specific application considered here is the stability of thin-walled members subject to follower forces. The method predicts the type of instability, whether it be buckling or flutter. Example problems, for which exact solutions are known, illustrate the accuracy and convergence characteristic of the finite element formulation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030110
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    Non-axial-symmetric thermal stresses in circular discs or cylinders (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 53-61 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A solution is presented for the computation of the transient thermoelastic stresses in a hollow cylinder with temperature boundary conditions given as a circumferential variation of surface heat transfer coefficient. The temperature distribution is solved explicitly. The problem is set up using the Airy stress function which leads to the biharmonic equation. This approach requires the satisfaction of three Michell integrals at the inner boundary in order to ensure single-valued displacements and rotation. An iterative method is described in which these integrals are all simultaneously satisfied and thus provide the necessary non-zero boundary conditions for the solution of the biharmonic equation which is rapidly solved by Gaussian elimination. Results are presented for the general case where the temperature is a function of r and θ. The computer program is checked by assuming a constant value of the surface heat transfer coefficients. In this case a closed form solution is obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030109
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    Non-linear programming for the plastic analysis of local deformations in shell structures (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 215-232 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents an analysis of the response of plastic spherical and cylindrical shells subjected to loads applied through a rigid boss. Special emphasis is placed on following the load-deflection behaviour of these structures after the application of the yield-point load in order to predict the appearance of any snapping action.The method of analysis assumes that upper bound calculations are applicable and that the associated velocity fields can be represented by a series of piecewise continuous polynomials. The internal dissipation of energy for the structures are then written in terms of the coefficients of these polynomials and the values appropriate to the solution are found by using a non-linear programming routine.The results of this analysis are correlated with a non-dimensional boss size parameter p and compared with the results of experimental investigations. Mention is also made of the possible effects of initial imperfections.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030207
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    Trigonometric function representations for rectangular plate bending elements (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 261-273 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A study of bending of plates for small deformations by applying the finite element method is presented in this paper.A new class of displacement functions has been developed for rectangular bending elements. For the first time a method is proposed for the derivation of displacement functions in which trigonometric expressions that had apparently failed to yield satisfactory results in earlier attempts can be used along with polynomial terms.The derivation leads to conforming type of displacement functions which satisfy the convergence criterion. The approach also demonstrates how many more new displacement functions can be found.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030210
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  • 46
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    A steepest gradient method for optimum structural design (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a search procedure for finding the unconstrained maximum or minimum of a function of many independent variables. If this function represents the volume, cost, stiffness, etc. of a structure and each of the independent variables is associated with a parameter governing the geometry of the structure then designs of optimum geometry may be made in certain cases with the assistance of this search procedure. The procedure consists of steepest gradient calculations used in conjunction with a reverse Fibonacci location process. A ridge-following technique is included to speed convergence in addition to localized exploration in the region of an optimum.The search procedure has been programmed for computer use and an outline of its structural design applications is presented together with an example of its efficiency in a specific case.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030209
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    Vibration analysis of rotating cantilever plates (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 233-248 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element technique is used to determine the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of a cantilever plate mounted on the periphery of a rotating disc. The plane of the plate is assumed to make any arbitrary angle with the plane of rotation of the disc. The distributed centrifugal force is resolved into two components - one acting in the plane of the plate and the other normal to the plate. The stresses produced in the middle surface of the plate due to the in-plane forces are first determined. The increase in the bending stiffness of the plate elements due to these in-plane stresses is obtained in a manner similar to that used in the stability analysis of plates. The component of the distributed centrifugal force normal to the plate surface is added to the inertia force.From the results of computations carried out for various values of the aspect ratio, the speed of rotation, the disc radius and the setting angle, empirical formulae are derived giving the effect of these parameters on the natural frequencies. These empirical formulae are observed to be in agreement with the corresponding known formulae for rotating cantilever beams, when the aspect ratio is high.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030208
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    On the calculation of consistent stress distributions in finite element approximations (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 317-325 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The theory of conjugate approximations1 is used to obtain consistent approximations of stress fields in finite element approximations based on displacement assumptions. These consistent stresses are continuous across interelement boundaries and involve less mean error than those computed by the conventional approach.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030303
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    Network-topological formulation of analysis and design of rigid-plastic framed structures (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 425-441 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A unified network-topological approach to the formulation and solution of the analysis and minimum weight design of rigid-plastic structural systems is presented. It is shown that both analysis and design can be formulated using network concepts, but that, in contrast to elastic networks, the formulation results in a mathematical programming problem. Formulations based both on the static and kinematic theorems of plasticity are presented, and it is shown that duality guarantees that the two types of formulation yield identical results. The problem is first formulated on the basis of a simple definition of yielding, and is then generalized to the case where yielding is defined in terms of a yield surface.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030311
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    Numerical control, olesten, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1970. No. of pages: 645. Price: £9.50 (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 445-446 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030314
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    A refined curved element for thin shells of revolution (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 495-508 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A refined axisymmetric curved finite element for the analysis of thin elastic-plastic shells of revolution is described in the paper. The improved element is obtained by employing cubic polynomials in terms of local Cartesian co-ordinates for the assumed in-plane and out-of-plane displacements. This introduces into the solution two internal degrees of freedom in the cord direction of each element. These internal degrees of freedom are removed by static condensation before assembling the individual element stiffness matrices, and are subsequently recovered after the nodal displacements are obtained. On comparison with the previous formulation, this procedure greatly improves the accuracy of the solution especially with regards to in-plane stress-resultants at discontinuities in the meridional curvature and interelement equilibrium of forces. The latter fact makes it possible to analyse shells with a discontinuous meridional slope. In using this element, improvement in the convergence of the elastic-plastic solutions has also been observed.Several examples illustrate the quality of solutions. The reported study is limited to axisymmetric loadings cum boundary conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030405
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    Numerical methods for evaluation of equilibrium composition of ideal gases (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 509-517 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper considers methods of solution of the relevant equations based on the Newton-Raphson process. Expressions are derived for calculation with both good and very poor initial guesses and for calculation of pressure, volume and temperature during an equilibrium process. A method of programming the calculations is outlined. Variations and modifications to suit specific situations are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030406
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    A frontal solution program for finite element analysisB. M. Irons, ‘A frontal solution program for finite element analysis’, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 2, 5-32 (1970). (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 149-149 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030116
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    Note on dynamic relaxation (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 145-147 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method of solving a set of simultaneous linear equations requires an estimate of the spectral radius of the matrix. Dividing each equation by the corresponding row sum of moduli of the elements of the matrix gives a convenient upper bound of unity to this. This note shows that the DR method then gives a faster asymptotic rate of the convergence than the degenerate Chebyshev method which it closely resembles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030115
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    Discussion of paperS. Gallof and B. Kaplan, ‘Numerical solution and utilization of Green's functions,’ Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 1, 169-175 (1969). by S. Gallof and B. Kaplan (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 295-296 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030214
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    A static and dynamic finite element shell analysis with experimental verification (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 299-315 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A system of finite element shell analysis codes, called SABOR/DRASTIC, is used to analyse a complex two-layered shell of revolution under static and dynamic asymmetric loads. The dynamic analysis is compared with experimentally measured response. In this linear elastic analysis, emphasis is placed on the inherent flexibility of the finite element method in modelling the complex structural geometry of a given test specimen. Static studies, which involve variations in important shell parameters, and dynamic studies, which provide a successful correlation with experiment, are used to illustrate both the detail and the generality with which shell analyses may now be performed with confidence.
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    Linear programming methods of displacement analysis in elastic-plastic frames (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 415-423 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The analysis is aimed at determination of displacements in elastic-perfectly plastic frames, in the case of monotonically increasing loads. Spread of partial plasticity from hinges and change of geometry on the conditions of equilibrium are not included. Extremum energy principles and linear programming methods are employed to solve the problem. Both the kinematic and the static formulations of the problem are presented. The mathematical models of the formulations constitute a dual pair of linear programming problems.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030310
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    Use of optimization methods to solve heat convection problems with unknown wall boundary conditions (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 405-413 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In convection heat transfer problems, it is convenient to solve the governing differential equations by using straightforward marching techniques for numerical integration. However, the boundary layer equations in these heat transfer problems are not of the initial value type even though they are parabolic equations. Consequently marching techniques are not successful until correct initial values are known. A means of determining these initial values is presented herein. Selected optimization methods are utilized in conjunction with marching integration techniques to solve third- and fourth-order ordinary differential equations which have three unknown initial boundary conditions. Two optimization methods, one deterministic and the other non-deterministic in nature, are used both independently and in combination as determined by the particular circumstances. Two applications are used to demonstrate the technique and comparison is made with existing solutions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030309
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    An automatic mesh generation scheme for plane and curved surfaces by ‘isoparametric’ co-ordinates (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 519-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computer orientated method is presented which generates meshes of triangular elements in plane and curved surfaces. Depending on geometrical and material variations, the region to be discretized is divided into a number of four sided zones. By using curvi-linear co-ordinate systems, nodes within and on the boundary of each zone are automatically positioned and referenced to a global Cartesian co-ordinate system. Elements are automatically assembled from these nodes. Input data is required to specify the positions and material properties of each zone and how they are connected. Examples are given which illustrate the range of meshes that can be generated. Extension of the method to generate three-dimensional tetrahedral elements is indicated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030407
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    A finite-deflection analysis of shallow arches by the discrete element methodThis paper is Crown copyright and is reproduced here with the permission of the Controller, Her Majesty's Stationery Office. (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 529-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The discrete element displacement method is used to analyse the finite-deflection behaviour of shallow arches. The arches are idealized as assemblies of shallow curved elements and the necessary properties of the displacement patterns in these elements are discussed. Numerical solutions of the geometrically non-linear problem are obtained by directly minimizing the total potential energy of the system.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030408
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    Global-local finite element (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 565-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element procedures usually require more degrees of freedom for a specified accuracy than does a classical Ritz procedure if suitable coordinate functions are available. This paper develops a combined global and local dependent variable representation which couples the conventional and finite element Ritz methods. This hybrid method preserves much of the flexibility of the finite element method while increasing the solution accuracy for a specified system order. The method is illustrated by examination of a beam and a plate vibration problem.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030410
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  • 62
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    A simple algorithm for the stiffness matrix of triangular plate bending elementsThe authors are indebted to the referees for many comments and suggestions. (1971)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 3 (1971), S. 553-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For a hierarchy of polynomials on the triangle there is derived an algorithm for computing the stiffness matrix of the plate bending element. The algorithm is easy to program and means a considerable saving of the computing time. The same approach can be used for any elliptic equation with constant coefficients.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620030409
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  • 63
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    Versuche zur Wasserstoff-Entwicklung bei der technischen Chloralkali-Elektrolyse nach dem Quecksilber-VerfahrenVortrag auf der Tagung der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Angewandte Elektrochemie“, 15. und 16. Okt. 1970 in Frankfurt/M.-Höchst. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mit Versuchsapparaturen, bei denen die wesentlichen Parameter der technischen Chloralkali-Elektrolyse berücksichtigt werden, wurden die Grenzkonzentrationen für die Wasserstoff-Entwicklung in Abhängigkeit von der kathodischen Stromdichte bei Gegenwart von Magnesium-Ionen und die Grenzkonzentrationen verschiedener Fremdionen bei Stromdichten von 6000 bis 10 000 A/m2 gemessen. Bei den Molybdänund Wolfram-Verunreinigungen konnten die auf der Quecksilber-Oberfläche entstehenden Niederschläge isoliert und als amorphe Oxyhydroxide des vierwertigen Molybdäns bzw. Wolframs identifiziert werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430411
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    Eindampfen und Konzentrieren der Natronlauge aus der Chloralkali-ElektrolyseGekürzte Fassung eines Vortrages auf der Tagung der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Angewandte Elektrochemie“, 15. u. 16. October 1970 in Frankfurt/M.-Höchst. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Das Eindampfen der NaOH-Lösung aus der Diaphragma-Elektrolyse auf 50% bei gleichzeitigem Ausscheiden von NaCl geschieht am wirtschaftlichsten in mehrstufigen Zwangsumlaufverdampfern, welche je nach Kapazität und Heizdampfkosten als zwei- bis vierstufige Anlagen gebaut werden. Für die Konzentrierung der 50 proz. NaOH-Lösung zu wasserfreiem Ätznatron, die besondere Anforderungen an die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Verdampfer stellt, hat sich ein Filmverdampfer in Elementbauweise bewährt. In einer kontinuierlichen Gießmaschine kann die Ätznatron-Schmelze schließlich in stapelbare Blöcke gegossen werden. Eine andere neue Handelsform für NaOH sind leicht lösliche und rieselfähige Prills, deren Herstellung beschrieben wird.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430414
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    Verfahrenstechnik poröser ElektrodenVortrag auf der Tagung der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Angewandte Elektrochemie“, 15. und 16. October 1970 in Frankfurt/M.-Höchst. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Innenwiderstandsanteile einer elektrochemischen Zelle werden verschiedenen geometrischen Bereichen zugeordnet. Der Durchtrittswiderstand kann durch Anwendung poröser Strukturen verändert werden. Nur ein Bereich an der Oberfläche, gekennzeichnet durch die sogenannte Eindringtiefe, nimmt an der elektrochemischen Reaktion teil. Stromverdrängend wirken auch elektrodialytische Konzentrations-änderungen in den Poren, die man durch Zwangsströmung beseitigt. Dies führte zur Entwicklung der Eloflux-Zelle mit gegeneinander bewegter Gas- und Flüssigkeitsphase. Das Prinzip des Reaktionsablaufs in biporösen Strukturen wird auf andere katalytische Umsetzungen und Austauschreaktionen übertragen und in Analogie zur Gasdiffusionselektrode gesetzt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430415
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    Stofftransport bei der Elektrolyse mit GasrührungErweiterte Fassung eines Vortrags auf der Tagung der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Angewandte Elektrochemie“ am 15. und 16. October. 1970 in Frankfurt/M.-Höchst. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 202-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nach einer Beschreibung der elektrolytischen Gasentwicklung, die in drei Schritten (Keimbildung, Wachstum und Ablösen der Blasen) erfolgt, wird eine Übersicht über Messungen der Stofftransportgeschwindigkeit an gasentwickelnden Elektroden gegeben. Bei H2-Entwicklung ist die effektive Diffusionsschichtdicke δN umgekehrt proportional der Wurzel der Gasentwicklungsgeschwindigkeit. Bei Stromdichten von etwa 1 A/cm2 beträgt δN nur einige μm. Es werden Schlußfolgerungen für die Praxis und einige Anwendungsbeispiele der experimentell erhaltenen Korrelationen beschrieben sowie ein theoretisches Modell für den Stofftransport bei Gasentwicklung diskutiert. Zum Vergleich wurden auch die Stofftransportgeschwindigkeiten bei Einleiten von Fremdgas in die Zelle gemessen. Es ergaben sich hier keine so hohen Stoffübergangszahlen wie bei Gasentwicklung an der Elektrode; sie sind jedoch um eine Größenordnung höher als bei natürlicher Konvektion.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430418
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    Dokumentation - Werkzeug des IngenieursVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In immer stärkerem Maße wird Wissen gleichbedeutend mit dem Zugang zu Informationsspeichern werden. Dokumentation, also das Sammeln, Ordnen, Registrieren und Bereitstellen von Dokumenten, stellt demnach ein wirtschaftliches Potential dar, welches mit Forschung und Entwicklung eng verknüpft ist. Trotz der großen nationalen und internationalen Informationsnetze und trotz gemeinsamer Anstrengungen zur Informationserschließung werden die betriebseigenen Dokumentationsstellen weiterhin entscheidend für den Nutzen sein. Die Anforderungen, die ein Benutzer an eine technische Dokumentation stellt, werden diskutiert, die Entwicklungen hier und in anderen Ländern aufgezeigt sowie Kosten und Leistungsdaten von betrieblichen Dokumentationsstellen angegeben.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430502
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    Vergleich des Trocknungsverhaltens von Schüttungen kapillarporöser MaterialienVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Trocknung durchströmter Schüttungen, z. B. in Horden- oder Bandtrocknern, geschieht in der Praxis meist bei hohen Lufttemperaturen. Die damit verbundene große Trocknungsgeschwindigkeit machte die Entwicklung einer kontinuierlich arbeitenden Meßmethode erforderlich, um das Trocknungsverhalten verschiedener Schüttgüter kapillarporöser, nichtschrumpfender Natur zu untersuchen und zu vergleichen. Mit Hilfe eines Ansatzes ist es möglich, den Trocknungsverlauf der Schüttung aus dem der einlagigen Schicht zu berechnen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430505
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    Erfahungen mit einem neuen Rechenverfahren für GegenstromtrennprozesseVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 264-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei der Anwendung von Programmen zur Berechnung von Gegenstromtrennprozessen  -  wie Destillation, Absorption und Desorption  -  treten immer wieder Fälle auf, bei denen man nicht oder nur unter Schwierigkeiten Konvergenz erreicht. Um auch in solchen Fällen eine Lösung zu erhalten, wurde ein Programm entwickelt, dem eine zweistufige Strategie zugrunde liegt. Die erste Stufe stellt eine vereinfachte Simulation der Vorgänge bei Inbetriebnahme des Prozesses dar; man gelangt dadurch sicher in die Nähe der Lösung. Da aber diese Methode nur langsam konvergiert, wird in der zweiten Stufe der Berechnung eine schnell konvergierende analytische Methode verwendet, die mit wenigen Iterationen zur Konvergenz führt. Anhand von Beispielen wird über Erfahrungen mit diesem Rechenprogramm berichtet.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430508
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    Die Porositätsfunktion in empirischen Gleichungen für den Durchströmungswiderstand im Bereich Re ≤ 1Diskussionsbemerkung zu dem Vortrag H. Rumpf und A. Gupte, s. auch diese Zeitschrift 43, 367 [1971], in diesem Heft. Mitteilung aus den Instituten für Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik der Universitäten Erlangen-Nürnberg und Karlsruhe. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 376-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430611
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    Erfahrungen mit der kontinuierlichen Druckfiltration in einem neuartigen ScheibenfilterVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 380-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird ein neuartiges Filtrationsverfahren beschrieben, welches davon ausgeht, den auf dem Filtermedium sich bildenden Feststoffbelag im Moment seines Entstehens wieder zu entfernen und mit Suspension vermischt erneut abzuscheiden. Auf diese Weise wird kontinuierlich die Suspension so weit eingedickt, daß sie gerade noch fließfähig bleibt. Die Filterleistung wird über die Leistungsaufnahme des Antriebs geregelt. Ein nach diesem Prinzip konstruierter Filter vermag etwa die gleiche Menge an Farbstoffsuspension aufzuarbeiten wie eine Filterpresse mit etwa 20facher Filterfläche. Erste Betriebserfahrungen sowie weitere Anwendungsgebiete werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430613
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    Umschau (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 406-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430618
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    Wirtschaftsnachrichten (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 408-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430620
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    Strukturierung der Planung von ChemieanlagenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wurde versucht, alle vor und während der Realisierung von Bauvorhaben der chemischen Industrie notwendigen Schritte zu strukturieren. Ausgangspunkt war eine Verflechtungsanalyse der die Kosten beeinflussenden Faktoren. Die Beachtung des gegenseitigen Abhängigkeitsgrades der Kostenfaktoren führte zu Strukturdiagrammen, die so aufgebaut sind, daß von der Marktanalyse bis zum Garantielauf ein stufenweises und erforderlichenfalls iteratives Vorgehen möglich ist. Mit einigen Einschränkungen haben die Diagramme, die als Entscheidungshilfe für die Geschäftsleitung sowie als Stütze für den Projektbearbeiter gedacht sind, auch für Bauvorhaben anderer Industriezweige Gültigkeit.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430702
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    Reinigung von Abluft aus Chemie-Werken durch Gaswäsche mit verschiedenen FlüssigkeitenVortrag auf dom Jahrestroffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 426-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gasströme, welche in die Atmosphäre eintreten, müssen aus hygienischen Gründen frei von luftfremden belästigenden Substanzen sein. Die Konsequenzen dieser Forderung werden dargelegt, wobei der Begriff Restabsorption erlätert wird. Als Beispiel wird das Auswaschen verschiedener Schadstoffe durch mehrafache Gaswäsche beschrieben. Anschließend wird ein Konzept für Abluftreinigungssysteme großer Chemie-Werke zur Diskussion gestellt. Es wird folgende Arbeitsthese aufgestellt: Wenn beim Auswaschen eines Schadstoffes bei höheren Eintrittskonzentrationen ein bestimmter prozentualer Wirkungsgrad erreicht wird, so kann auch bei sehr niedrigen Eintrittskonzentrationen ein gleicher oder besserer Wirkungsgrad erzielt werden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430704
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    Technische Möglichkeiten zur Mikroorganismen-Abtötung bei HitzesterilisierungsverfahrenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 439-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Hitzesterilisation von Lebensmitteln, bei der nicht nur die möglichst vollständige Abtötung der Mikroorganismen angestrebt wird, sondern auch Enzym-Inaktivierungen sowie physikalische und chemische Veränderungen des Gutes zu beachten sind, erfordert bestimmte Bedingungen bezüglich der Temperatur/Zeit-Relation des Prozesses, wobei i. a. sehr kurze Behandlungszeiten bei entsprechend hohen Temperaturen („Hoch-Kurz-Verfahren“) die günstigsten Ergebnisse liefern. In diesem Beitrag werden die thermodynamischen Grundlagen der Hitzesterilisation kurz skizziert, deren Kenntnis für die Wahl optimaler Prozeßbedingungen ausschlaggebend ist, sowie ein kurzer Überblick über die wichtigsten in der Praxis erprobten Verfahren gegeben.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430707
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    Optimierung von Zerkleinerungsverfahren in der Lebensmittelherstellung am Beispiel SchokoladenmasseKurzfassung eines Vortrages auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 461-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430712
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    Einfluß hydrodynamischer Krafteinwirkungen auf die Biegeschwingungen von RührwellenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. Dem Vortrag lag die Dissertation des Autors, T. H. München 1969, zugrunde. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 392-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Immer wieder auftretende, schwingungsbedingte Schäden und Mängel an schnell-laufenden Rührwerken mit einseitig gelagerter Welle gaben Anlaß zu theoretischen und experimentellen Untersuchungen. Es wird gezeigt, daß diese Wellen ein unge-wöhnliches Biegeschwingungsverhalten aufweisen, das seine Erklärung in der Existenz von mindestens vier hydrodynamischen Krafteinwirkungen des Rührguts auf den Rührer findet. Dabei werden der Entstehungsmechanismus dieser für die Biegeschwingung der Welle mitverantwortlichen hydrodynamischen Kräfte auf Grund theoretischer Überlegungen herausgearbeitet und die physikalischen Gesetzmäßig-keiten mathematisch formuliert. Weiter werden Meß- und Analysemethoden zur experimentellen Bestimmung dieser hydrodynamischen Kräfte angegeben sowie die gefundenen strömungsmechanischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten in eine Berechnung der Biegeschwingungen einseitig gelagerter Rührwellen einbezogen.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430615
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  • 79
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    Masthead (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430701
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  • 80
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    Berechnung des Durchsatzes von Schälschleudern (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 431-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430705
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  • 81
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    Untersuchungen über die Aroma-Erhaltung bei der Trocknung von Lebensmitteln nach verschiedenen VerfahrenErweiterte Fassung eines Vortrages auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. Auszug aus der von der Fakul ät für Maschinenwesen und Elektrotechnik der Technischen Hochschule München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktor-Ingenieurs genehmigten Dissertation des Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Fritsch. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Aroma-Erhaltung bei der Trocknung von Lebensmitteln wurde anhand vereinfachter Vergleichssubstanzen untersucht. Die Resultate zeigen, daß in Lebensmitteln vorkommende Feststoffe bei einer Gefriertrocknung Aromastoffe in teilweise erheblichem Umfang im Gut zurückhalten können. Im ganzen gesehen ist deshalb die Gefriertrocknung einer Verdunstungstrocknung überlegen. Die bei der Gefriertrocknung festgestellte Aroma-Retention ist sowohl aromastoff- als auch feststoffspezifisch. Sie wird auf Eigenschaften des gefrorenen Gutes zurückgeführt, welche durch den Gefriervorgang vorgegeben sind.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430709
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  • 82
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    Simulation von wandernden Reaktionszonen eines Festbettreaktors im DigitalrechnerVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 461-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Im Digitalrechner wurde die Wanderung von Reaktionszonen in Festbetten simuliert. Dabei ergab sich zwischen Reaktionszonenbewegung, Anströmgeschwindigkeit und Frischgaskonzentration eine Abhängigkeit, die in Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment steht.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430713
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  • 83
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    Umsatz und Selektivität bei zusammengesetzten Reaktionen in Schlaufenreaktoren mit überlagerten Umläufen verschiedener UmlaufzeitVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 466-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Für ein erweitertes Modell des Schlaufenreaktors (Mehrfachschlaufe) werden Umsatz, Ausbeute und Selektivität bei zusammengesetzten, homogenen Flüssigkeits-Reaktionen in Abhängigkeit von den Schlaufenparametern (Gesamtumwälzzahl, Teilumwälzzahlen, Verhältnis der Umlaufzeiten) berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß in einer Mehrfachschlaufe ein gewünschtes Reaktionsergebnis mit beträchtlich geringerem Leistungsbedarf für die Durchmischung erzielt werden kann als in den derzeit betriebenen Einfachschlaufen. Außerdem lassen sich Betriebspunkte - Kombinationen der drei Größen Umsatz, Ausbeute und Selektivität - erreichen, die außerhalb des von den beiden Grenzfällen Idealrohr und Idealkessel eingeschlossenen Bereichs liegen. Die Mehrfachschlaufe bietet demnach in mehrerlei Hinsicht Ansatzpunkte für eine Optimierung.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430716
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  • 84
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    Zerkleinerung in einer Mühle mit elastischem MahlgefäßKurzfassung des Vortrags auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1970 in München. - Die Versuchsergebnisse werden nach Abschluß der Arbeit voraussichtlich Ende 1971 veröffentlicht werden. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 486-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430721
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430801
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  • 86
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    Berechnung der Schlitzweite eines Schlitzdüsenfeldes unter der Bedingung konstanten Wärme- und Stoffüberganges in AbströmrichtungVortrag auf der internen Arbeitssitzung des Ausschusses „Trocknungstechnik“ der Verfahrenstechnischen Gesellschaft (VTG) im VDI am 25. März 1971 in Offenburg. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 516-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bei Schlitzdüsenfeldern mit Abströmung der Düsenluft in Längsrichtung der Schlitze bewirkt das Druckgefälle der Abströmung eine Verminderung der Düsenaustrittsgeschwindigkeit und damit auch des Wärme- und Stoffüberganges in Feldmitte. Diese in vielen Anwendungsfällen unerwünschte Erscheinung kann durch die Wahl einer speziellen Schlitzform vermieden werden. Dabei werden die in Feldmitte herrschenden geringeren Austrittsgeschwindigkeiten durch entsprechend größere Austrittsquerschnitte kompensiert. Die Schlitzform läßt sich berechnen, wenn man von einer einfachen eindimensionalen Betrachtung der Strömungsverhältnisse ausgeht.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330430805
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  • 87
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    Neue Bücher (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 692-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431112
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  • 88
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    Masthead (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431201
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  • 89
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    Zur Kenntnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen Adsorption und Waschwirkung von Tensiden (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 705-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Kenntnis der Adsorption von Tensiden an verschiedenen Grenzflächen ist von grundlegender Bedeutung für ihre technische Anwendung. So hängt z. B. der Effekt des Wasch-, Netz-, Spül-, Reinigungs-, Dispergierungs- und Emulgierungsprozesses von der Tensid-Adsorption an den entsprechenden Grenzflächen ab. Am Beispiel des Waschprozesses werden die Parallelen zwischen der Tensid-Adsorption und den technischen Ergebnissen des Vorganges in Abhängigkeit von wichtigen chemischen und physikalischen Einflußgrößen verdeutlicht. Weiterhin werden die Einflüsse diskutiert, die es gestatten, das Verhalten von einzelnen textilen Substraten, von Schmutz und von verschiedenen Tensid-Klassen im Waschprozeß vorherzusagen. Dadurch wird eine Optimierung des Waschprozesses bezüglich der Tensid-Auswahl und der physikalischen Parameter möglich.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431204
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  • 90
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    Über die Adsorption von Wasser an Ruß-Oberflächen mit verschiedenen Sauerstoff-GehaltenHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. F. Patat zum 65. Geburtstag (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 614-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wurde die Adsorption von Wasserdampf an 22 Farbruß-Sorten mit spezifischen Oberflächen von 13 bis 860 m2/g und einem Sauerstoff-Gehalt von 0,15 bis 15 Gew.-% untersucht. Mit Hilfe eines die Pumpzeit registrierenden Apparates konnten Beziehungen zwischen Wasserbeladung, Pumpzeit, Enddruck, abgepumpter Wasserdampfmenge und Sauerstoff-Gehalt des Rußes ermittelt werden. Diese Methode ermöglicht die Bestimmung des atomar adsorbierten Sauerstoffes und damit der stark polaren und besonders stark adsorbierenden Zentren der Oberfläche.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431006
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  • 91
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    Versammlungsberichte (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 630-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431011
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  • 92
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    Patentrecht im UmbruchNachdruck aus „Der Lichtbogen“ Nr. 158, S. 33 [1970], Hauszeitschrift der Hüls-Gesellschaften, Marl-Hüls. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431013
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  • 93
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    Masthead (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431101
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  • 94
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    Trennung von Chlorwasserstoff und Wasser durch extraktive Destillation mit SchwefelsäureVortrag auf der ACHEMA 1970, am 21. 6. 1970 in Frankfurt/M. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 655-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Abtrennung von HCl aus azeotroper Salzsäure durch extraktive Destillation eignen sich wasserentziehende Mittel wie CaCl2 und H2SO4. Durch Verwendung von Graphit als Kolonnenwerkstoff wird die extraktive Destillation mit H2SO4 zu einem technisch interessanten Verfahren. Als Grundlage für die Auslegung der Destillation wurde das Siedediagramm HCl/H2SO4/H2O isobar bei 750 Torr untersucht. Dabei ergab sich u. a., daß die pseudoazeotrope Linie (d. h. die Kurve im Dreiecksdiagramm, auf der das Verhältnis der Konzentration von HCl und H2O in der Flüssigkeit und im Dampf gleich ist) einen wesentlich günstigeren Verlauf hat, als aus einer früheren Arbeit von Lutschinskij hervorgeht. Versuche zur kontinuierlichen Destillation mit einer Laborkolonne haben gezeigt, daß bei geeigneter Arbeitsweise im Sumpf der Kolonne eine hinreichend HCl-freie Schwefelsäure entnommen werden kann, so daß bei deren Aufkonzentrierung keine nennenswerten Verluste an HCl entstehen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431104
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  • 95
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    Analyse nichtisothermer kinetischer Daten. Teil V: Berechnung der axialen Verteilung der Katalysator-Aktivität im Rohrreaktor aus den Konzentrations- und Temperaturprofilen des KontaktbettesTeil IV: V. Pexídr, J. Pašek, Chem. Prßmysl 19, 498 [1969]. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 683-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird eine Methode zur Berechnung der axialen Verteilung der Katalysator-Aktivität im nichtisotherm, nichtadiabatisch arbeitenden Rohrreaktor aus den Konzentrations- und Temperaturprofilen des Kontaktbettes vorgeschlagen und am Beispiel der Benzol-Hydrierung näher erläutert. Dazu wurden Messungen an einem Reaktor mit einem nachgebildeten und somit genau bekannten Aktivitätsprofil verwertet. Weiterhin wurden Versuche ausgewertet, bei denen der Katalysator durch Schwefelkohlenstoff vergiftet wurde.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431108
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  • 96
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    Dichtungen für HochdruckbehälterVortrag auf der internen Arbeitssitzung des VTG-Ausschusses, Konstruktionselemente des Apparatebaus“ in Würzburg am 24. Oktober 1969; s. auch diese Zeitschr. 42, 794 [1970]. (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 698-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nach einem Überblick über die z. Z. wichtigen Behälter-Dichtungen mit geringer und hoher Schraubenvorspannung werden die Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Dichtungen für Rohre und Armaturen aufgeführt. Die Dichtkräfte wurden an einigen Beispielen experimentell bestimmt und mit berechneten Werten nach DIN 2505 und AD-Merkblatt B7 verglichen. Die nach DIN 2505 berechneten Schraubenkräfte stimmen bei Dichtkreis-Durchmessern zwischen 40 und 150 mm mit den Meßergebnissen überein. Bei kleineren Durchmessern sind die erforderlichen Schraubenkräfte niedriger als errechnet. Ferner wurde eine Gleichung zur Bestimmung der optimalen Abmessung für metallische Flachdichtungen erhalten, welche im Gegensatz zu DIN 2505 direkt beim ersten Rechenansatz zum Ergebnis führt. O-Ring-Dich-tungen aus Gummi sind auch für hohe Drücke geeignet, wenn die Konstruktionsrichtlinien beachtet werden. Sie sind ein preiswertes und leicht zu ersetzendes Dichtelement.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431203
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    Zur Kinetik der Reaktion von Mercaptan mit Ozon im ppm-BereichHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. F. Patat zum 65. Geburtstag (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 626-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In einer Versuchsapparatur mit Durchflußreaktor wurde die Geschwindigkeitskonstante für die Umsetzung von Äthylmercaptan mit Ozon im ppm-Bereich nach der Methode der konkurrierenden Reaktionen bestimmt. Als Vergleichsreaktanden dienten Hexen bzw. Isobuten, die in verschiedenen Konzentrationsverhältnissen (Konz. Mercaptan/Konz. Vergleichsstoff) zugesetzt wurden. Für die quantitative Analyse der Reaktionsprodukte wurde ein Gas-Chromatograph verwendet. Mit den der Literatur entnommenen Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für die Vergleichsstoffe ergab sich für die Reaktion von Äthylmercaptan mit Ozon bei 30°C: kM = 2,4 ± 0,8 · 103 1/mol s.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431010
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    Die Dichten wäßriger Mono- und Diäthanolamin-Lösungen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 687-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Dichten wäßriger Mono- und Diäthanolamin-Lösungen wurden über den ganzen Konzentrationsbereich gemessen. Die Messungen wurden für Temperaturen von 20 bis 150°C für Monoäthanolamin- und von 20 bis 200°C für Diäthanolamin-Lösungen ausgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden durch Ausgleichsfunktionen dargestellt, wobei die größte relative Abweichung der Ausgleichsfunktion von den Meßwerten bei beiden wäßrigen Lösungen unter 0,1% liegt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431109
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  • 99
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    Statistische Verteilung der Sedimentationsgeschwindigkeit in niedrig konzentrierten SuspensionenHerrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Tech. h. c. H. Rumpf zum 60. Geburtstag (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 761-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Sedimentationsgeschwindigkeit in niedrig konzentrierten Suspensionen wurde nach einem von Johne entwickelten Weg-Zeit-Verfahren an radioaktiv markierten Einzelteilchen gemessen. Sie genügt im Fall gemeinsam sedimentierender Teilchenkomplexe einer logarithmischen Normalverteilung. Medianwert und Varianz wachsen mit der Feststoffkonzentration an. Die Varianz nimmt mit wachsender Länge der Meßstrecke ab.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431306
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    Wirtschaftsnachrichten (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 739-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431214
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