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  • 1980-1984  (731)
  • 1981  (731)
  • Physics  (490)
  • Engineering General  (241)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 312-314 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 347-355 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper presents a method of developing a family of 1/rn type infinite elements for the analysis of problems definite in unbounded media. The proposed method is a direct extension of the conventional finite element method. The resulting improper integrals are integrated exactly over the infinite element domains. Two numerical examples in elastic half-space static problems are investigated to illustrate the applicability and accuracy of the method. The use of the proposed infinite elements yields excellent results and preserves all the advantages of the finite element method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 405-426 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 465-470 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: For the general quadrilateral isoparametric elements with 4(n-1) nodes (i.e. n nodes along each side), it is shown that the inverse square root singularity of the strain field at the crack tip can be obtained by a general but simple rule. This amounts to collapsing the quadrilateral elements into triangular elements around the crack tip and placing the (n-2) mid-side nodes at locations γ2/(n-1)2 (γ=1,2,…, n-2) times the length of side emanating from the crack tip. These locations are measured from the crack tip. The known results for n = 3 and n = 4 are thus obtained as special cases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 478-478 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 503-526 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 20 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 557-572 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Singular finite element displacement functions for linear elastic fracture mechanics applications are investigated. The displacement fields are expressed in terms of polynomials. These polynomials are expanded in varying degrees of r and θ in order to examine the effect of the number and type of terms on the solution to various problems with known solutions. Methods of estimating the stress intensity factors for mode 1 and mode 2 are presented. Numerical results evaluating the effect of various r and θ terms on the solutions are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 645-647 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 649-662 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The nature of adaptive processes is reviewed using as an example a specific finite element problem. Several possible formulations for the objective of mesh refinement processes are given. For the most natural of these objectives the A*-algorithms of artificial intelligence turn out to provide a solution process which is known to be optimal in a certain sense. But practically, there is insufficient information and these processes tend to be inefficient. On the other hand, if the objective is replaced by a strictly local objective based on Pareto-optimality, the error estimates of the resulting mesh sequence are shown to exhibit the order of convergence which is known to be best possible for the type of elements used.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 735-745 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Recent finite element analysis of adaptive refinement has focused attention on high-order approximation within elements. High-order approximation may be attained over curved elements with either rational basis functions expressed directly in the global co-ordinates or with a particular class of isoparametric basis functions. Theory for construction of high-order rational bases yields modifications to the blending method for a special class of elements in order to achieve higher order approximation within these elements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 790-795 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 797-800 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 957-974 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The calculation of the response of rotationally periodic structures to transient forces and prescribed motions is considered. The work extends the work previously described by Thomas1 in which only the free and harmonic forced vibration problems were considered. It is assumed that the finite element method is to be used, so that the equation of motion of the structure contains a finite number of degrees-of-freedom whose responses are governed by mass, stiffness and damping matrices. It is shown that an exact solution to the equation of motion of the idealized full structure can be obtained by solving the equation of motion of a single substructure for a number of different spatial Fourier harmonics of force (and hence response). A modal method of solving this equation is described. a brief description of the implementation of the method in a suite of computer programs, and the application of the programs to a practical problems, is also given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 975-989 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Families of difference schemes are developed for both the linear and nonlinear inviscid Burger's equation and a system of shallow water equations. Single-step and two-step (Lax-Wendroff type) families are described and comparisons are made with other difference schemes.The schemes are developed using a very limited portion of a space-time continua, coupled with Galerkin's method applied over a few triangular elements. The elements are geometrically flexible as a function of a geometry factor α, creating the idea of difference families.Stability is commented on, including the continuous relationship between stability and the families of schemes as a function of α. Numerical results are presented and commented on for the system of shallow water equations and the inviscid Burger's equation. Several areas for future research are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1069-1079 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper presents a series summation computation method for calculating temperatures arising from some geometries which commonly occur in microelectronics. The method, which is suitable for use with pocket calculators, involves an exchange of terms with those of a known series. At each stage of the summation a state of convergence (SOC) is calculated in terms of the maximum possible error, thus enabling the calculation to be terminated as soon as the required accuracy has been obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1103-1117 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper presents an algorithm and corresponding FORTRAN program for the solution of unsymmetric banded linear equation systems. The algorithm is based on the Crout method. A special technique, called double windowing, enables the solution of very large equation systems with a total equation number reaching 30,000 and a full bandwidth in excess of 1,000. Special attention was devoted to minimization of peripheral processor time (communication with backing disc memory). An appendix lists the complete program for Cyber series computers (CDC).
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1147-1159 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A triangular element is developed using a complete third-degree polynomial as the interpolation function. The nodal variables include the function and its first-order derivatives. A local continuity condition, which implements the conservation of the normal gradients of the interpolation function along the three boundaries of the element, is provided as a remedy for the nonconformity of the first-order derivatives in conventional C° elements. The element is applied to potential flow problems. Numerical results for the flow over a cylinder and the flow through a draft tube elbow of a hydraulic turbine confirm the validity and the accuracy of this new cubic element. A comparison of this element with a C° triangular element is made by checking their differences from an analytical solution for the flow over the cylinder. This element appears to be more accurate than the C° element.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1233-1256 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Numerical integration of the system of governing equations which define a boundary value problem written down in the form of a coupled system of first-order ordinary differential equations is shown to be a powerful technique. After presenting the basic approach the paper critically examines the numerical schemes available for situations when the boundary value problem so defined has boundary layer characteristics. One such method which is originally due to Goldberg, Setlur and Alspaugh3 is described in detail, with documentation in the form of a flow diagram and a FORTRAN listing of a working subroutine. The method is shown to be computationally efficient and reliable for the solution of a class of problems in the field of solid mechanics. Potential use of the method for the solution of magnetostatic problems is indicated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1273-1278 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: We present two self-contained programs which have given excellent results for uniform approximation of functions (or discrete data) by generalized rational functions. The first program is an extension of a program published in 1975 which uses a linear programming approach known as the differential correction algorithm. The present version is more robust, and allows for the use of a multiplicative weight function and restrictions on the values of the approximating function. These features make the program more suitable for applications such as digital filter approximation. The second program uses a combination of the Remes and differential correction algorithms which combines some of the good features of both algorithms. Given here is a discussion of the algorithms together with several examples. A FORTRAN listing can be obtained from the first author.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1281-1282 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1385-1395 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A finite difference solution of a system of first-order partial differential equations, using a central difference scheme, is presented. The equations describe the linear elastic behaviour of a thick rectangular plate resting on an elastic foundation and carrying an arbitrary transverse load. The lateral edges of the plate are unstressed. The main deflections and stresses predicted by the method for a particular case are given, together for purposes of comparison, with results from a finite element analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1427-1429 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1469-1496 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Formulation and applications of the hybrid-stress finite element model to plane elasticity problems are examined. Conditions for invariance of the element stiffness are established for two-dimensional problems, the results of which are easily extended to three-dimensional cases. Next, the hybrid-stress functional for a 3-D continuum is manipulated into a more convenient form in which the location of optimal stress/strain sampling points can be identified. To illustrate these concepts, 4- and 8-node plane isoparametric hybrid-stress elements which are invariant and of correct rank are developed and compared with existing hybrid-stress elements. For a 4-node element, lack of invariance is shown to lead to spurious zero energy modes under appropriate element rotation. Alternative 8-node elements are considered, and the best invariant element is shown to be one in which the stress compatibility equations are invoked. Results are also presented which demonstrate the validity of the optimal sampling points, the effects of reduced orders of numerical integration, and the behaviour of the elements for nearly incompressible materials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1571-1575 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Two-dimensional distributions and three-dimensional element meshes are usually plotted in axonometric projection. Stereo decomposition can make the plots of complicated functions and structures more synoptical; the object appears in three dimensions. The method can be useful for the display of displacements and model shapes of three-dimensional structures as well.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1631-1646 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper deals with an application of the boundary element method to the analysis of nonlinear sloshing problems, namely nonlinear oscillations of a liquid in a container subjected to forced oscillations. First, the problem is formulated mathematically as a nonlinear initial-boundary value problem by the use of a governing differential equation and boundary conditions, assuming the fluid to be inviscid and incompressible and the flow to be irrotational. Next, the governing equation (Laplace equation) and boundary conditions, except the dynamic boundary condition on the free surface, are transformed into an integral equation by employing the Galerkin method. Two dynamic boundary condition is reduced to a weighted residual equation by employing the Galerkin method. Two equations thus obtained are discretized by the use of the finite element method spacewise and the finite difference method timewise. Collocation method is employed for the discretization of the integral equation. Due to the nonlinearity of the problem, the incremental method is used for the numerical analysis.Numerical results obtained by the present boundary element method are compared with those obtained by the conventional finite element method and also with existing analytical solutions of the nonlinear theory. Good agreements are obtained, and this indicates the availability of the boundary element method as a numerical technique for nonlinear free surface fluid problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1735-1739 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A numerical approximation for the two-dimensional Laplacian operator at a point is derived for the general case in which the point is surrounded by an arbitrary number of arbitrarily located coplanar nodes. The expression obtained is shown to generalize the usual Cartesian finite difference expression.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1743-1743 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1763-1778 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Two explicit representation of a C1 quintic interpolant over triangles are given. These representations are derived by generalization of Coons' methods and Bernstein-Bézier methods, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1823-1833 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The nonlinear elastic problem involving the indentation of a slightly compressible rubber-like layer bonded to a rigid cylinder and indented by another rigid cylinder is analysed by the finite element method. Both the geometric and material nonlinearities are accounted for. The finite element formulation of the problem is based upon a variational principle recently proposed by Cescotto and Fonder, and is valid for both slightly compressible and incompressible materials. The results computed and presented graphically include the shape of the indented surface, the pressure distribution over the contact surface, and the stress distribution at the bond surface. For the same contact width, the results for the compressible material are found to differ significantly from those for the case when the rubber-like layer is assumed to be incompressible.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1877-1881 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 134
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1890-1890 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 135
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 15-41 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The governing equations for large strain analysis of elastic-plastic problems are reconsidered. An improved form of these equations is derived, which is valid for small increments of strain and large increments of rotation. Special attention is paid to the integration procedures for these equations in the deformation history. It is shown that the tangent modulus procedure for integration of the constitutive equations is conditionally stable, and that implicit methods, such as the ‘mean normal’ method, are to be preferred. A novel procedure is introduced for the treatment of nonlinear geometric effects. The performance of various element types is examined, with specific attention to effects of ‘locking’ and distortion. Several applications are discussed to illustrate the various aspects of the formulation developed ein this paper.
    Zusätzliches Material: 24 Ill.
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  • 136
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 97-112 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In this paper we analyse a simple but non-trivial steady-state creeping elasto visco-plastic (Maxwell fluid) radial flow problem, paying particular attention to the effects of the boundary conditions. Solutions are obtained by integration of a governing equation on stress, using the Runge-Kutta method for initial value problems and finite differences for boundary value problems. A more general approach by the finite element method, which solves for the velocity field rather than the stress field, and which is applicable to a wide range of problems, is presented and tested using the radial flow example.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 137
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 133-139 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Some new formulae are presented for numerical integration over triangular regions. These formulae, which are triangularly symmetric, involve four, six, and seven integration points, respectively. They were derived by determining co-ordinates and weight factors for which polynomial functions of up to a certain degree are integrated exactly. The effectiveness of the formulae is demonstrated by applying them to the integration of five non-polynomial functions, two of which are singular within the region of integration. Results obtained with the new formulae are compared with results obtained with other, comparable formulae. It is seen that the new formulae are more accurate than some existing ones with the same numbers of points.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 138
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 156-156 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 139
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 159-170 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A finite element anaylysis to predict the sloshing dislacements and hydrodynamic pressures in liquid-filled tanks subjected to earthquake ground motions is presented. Finite element equations were derived using the Galerkin formulation, and the predicted results were checked against the test data, showing a good agreement between the test and finite element results.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 140
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 213-229 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Minimum cost design of a framed structure is considered by using the mini-mas dual method. Stress and/or displacement constraints are imposed as behavioural constraints. The minimum cost design problem has a discrete objective function and discrete design variables. A sequence of approximate optimization problems in created by using the first-order Taylor series expansion for displacements with respect to the reciprocals of cross-sectional areas and moments of inertia. Each approximate problem is solved in the dual space. Two simple structural examples are given to show the appropriateness and efficiency of the proposed procedure. Approximate solutions are obtained within five structural analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 141
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 255-269 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper describes an automatic mesh generator for finite element problems in three dimensions, called KUBIK, KUBIK is based on a modular concept. First, a set of modules is generated, each with its own mesh inside. Then, the modules are placed in contact, and a matrix describing the connectivity of the entire mesh is determined. Finally, the geometry of the mesh is specified and all nodal co-ordinates are determined by the computer. The user's labour required to specify a mesh which represents a certain physical configuration resumbles the labour involved when the configuration has to be specified to the machine shop workers who are supposed to build it.The modules are independent, except for the compatibility requirements between modules which are to be placed in contact. Structures of any degree of complexity can in principle be obtained using KUBIK. Only two types of modules are required, except when helicoidal structures are to be generated, in which case it is convenient to use a third type. The finite elements used are distorted cubes, but they can be divided into tetrahedra, prisms of pyramids. Nodes are placed at the corners of the cubes, and additional nodes can be introduced if desired in order to obtain other types of finite elements in use. Infinite elements of quadrilateral cross-section are also a standard feature of KUBIK, and can be divided in order to obtain infinite prisms of triangular cross-section.KUBIK can also generate two-dimensional meshes, including meshing of a three-dimensional surface for use with boundary elements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 142
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 306-308 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 143
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 387-404 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A multidomain boundary element formulation for the analysis of general two-dimensional plane strain/stress crack problems is presented. The numerical results were accurate and efficient. The analyses were performed using traction singular quater-point boundary elements on each side of the crack tip(s) with and without transition elements. Traction singular quarter-point boundary elements contain the correct √r displacement and 1/√r traction variations at the crack tip. Transition elements are appended to the traction singular elements to model the √r displacement variation. The 1/√r traction singularity is not represented with these elements. Current research studies for the crack propagation analysis of quasi-static and fatigue fracture problems are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 144
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Some applications require the repeated calculation of numerical values of a polyhedral function at points specified by their co-ordinates. The function is usually defined by some simple interpolation over each of the finite elements of a given mesh. A necessary step for the calculation of the value of the function at a given point is to determine to which element the point belongs. Such a determination can be efficiently accomplished by establishing a correspondence between the cells of some suitably defined regular mesh and the finite elements. Then, for each given point, the cell to which the point belongs is determined and the elements associated with that cell are inspected. This method is described and discussed in the text, and compared with two other less efficient methods with the help of numerical examples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 145
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 281-289 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper shows that it is comparatively simple to analyse algorithms for the numerical integration of the Space discretized equations from structural dynamics when applied to \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\ddot x + \mu \dot x\omega ^2 x = p{\rm e}^{ist} $\end{document}, instead of the usual \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \ddot x + \omega ^2 x = 0 $\end{document}, and suggests that this should be done in order to gain some insight into the effect with natural damping and/or a periodic forcing term. The method is illustrated on some three- and four-time-level schemes.
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  • 146
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 309-309 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 147
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 311-311 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 148
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 327-334 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A finite element analysis of strain-softening materials is presented in which the shear band of prescribed thickness is assumed to exist within elements where maximal stress intensity is reached. The incremental stiffness matrix of the element is derived including shear band deformation. Examples presented in the Paper demonstrate that the load-displacement curve and the displacement field are not sensitive to the mesh size used in the solution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 367-386 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 150
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 427-444 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A finite difference method for the large deformation elastic-plastic analysis of spherical caps is applied to predict the collapse strength of initially imperfect deep spherical shells. Twelve uniformly loaded hemispherical shell models with flat spots at their apex are analysed. For each model, a number of shallow spherical regions containing the flat spot are selected from its domain. One of these selected shallow regions yields a minimum buckling pressure; this minimum value is taken as the theoretical buckling load for the shell model under consideration. Present solutions are in good agreement with existing experimental and empirical results. The good comparison suggests that initially imperfect deep spherical shells may be analysed by using a much simpler mathematical model - the spherical cap - and thus the analytical cost may be greatly reduced. This also demonstrates that the collapse of imperfect spherical shells is primarily a local phenomenon and therefore dependent on local geometry. Consequently, the presence of initial imperfections must be fully taken into consideration in any large deformation inelastic buckling analysis before such analysis can be expected to quantitatively predict the collapse strength of practical shell structures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 151
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 796-796 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 152
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 801-828 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The analysis of axisymmetric structures in which geometric and material properties are independent of the circumferential co-ordinate, but for which loading may be dependent on this co-ordinate, is considered. The analysis is performed by expressing the field variables in a Fourier series and results in the solutions of a series of two-dimensional problems. The assumed-stress hybrid model is used and the element matrices for each harmonic are derived. To assess the procedure, two-4 node elements, differing in the form of the assumed stress field, are developed; both elements are shown to possess the correct rank. A series of example problems are considered, and the better of the two elements is identified.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 153
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 879-907 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A curved triangular element for plate bending is developed, using the displacement method of formulation. The element has one outwardly curved side and conforms on an arbitrary quadratic boundary.To the user, the element appears as a single curved triangle. Internally, however, the element is subdivided into a straight-sided triangle and a ‘curved segment’. The straight-sided triangle is extensively documented in the literature2-5 and is referred to in the paper as the Cowper triangle. The curved segment is a two-noded element with 12 degrees-of-freedom. It has one straight side and one curved side.Independent expansions are assumed in each domain and explicit shape functions derived. The theoretical solution to a few practical problems is contained in each of the two expansions. In such cases, the curved triangle produces perfect results. Otherwise, the accuracy is of the same order as that obtained in similar problems with straight boundaries.The method is easily extended to elements of higher order.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 154
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 951-956 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 155
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. i 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 157
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 991-1014 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The application of the mixed finite element method to two-dimensional elastic contact problems is investigated. Since in the mixed method, both displacements and stresses are retained as variables, it is found that all the contact conditions - displacement as well as stress - can be approximated directly. A significant novelty is that some of the displacement variables are treated as natural boundary conditions in the contact region. In cases where the contact region is independent of the applied loading, an iterative procedure is used to establish the sliding and adhering portions of the contact region. In cases where the contact region is a function of the applied loading, for example progressive contact, an incremental formulation is employed to describe the discretized contact stages before invoking the former iterations. Several numerical examples are presented and the results are compared with those from the conventional potential energy or displacement finite element method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 158
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1015-1044 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Finite element preprocessor programs have been developed in recent years in order to expedite the task of data preparation. A key decision in the design of these programs is the choice of a method for automated mesh generation. Three popular methods (Laplacian, isoparametric and transfinite mappings) are compared. Transfinite mappings with boundary information represented in discrete form are found to possess distinct advantages for the task of mesh generation.A two-dimensional preprocessor program utilizing the discrete transfinite mappings is described. Interactive computer graphics techniques are used extensively to facilitate data preparation and display. The geometry-generating routines are general, and may be used in any finite element application. A specialized graphical ‘attribute editor’ for structural mechanics problems is also described. This editor provides an efficient method of specifying boundary conditions, material properties, loads, etc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 27 Ill.
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  • 159
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1120-1121 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1187-1200 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The paper demonstrates that Fredholm integral equations of the first kind with the kernel K(x, s)=(x-s)k/[1+(x-s)2]n occur while solving problems of synthesis of electrostatic and magnetic fields. Numerical results for the solution of one of the equations obtained by the regularization method are provided, with two ways of regularization being employed - that of Tikhonov and that of Lavrentev.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 161
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1177-1185 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A parametric infinite element is presented for solving axisymmetric problems under non-axisymmetric forcing functions where the considered domain is assumed infinite. The element accuracy is compared against the exact solution for two classical problems: Boussinesq's and Cerruti's. Boussinesq's problem for a rigid circular plate is also presented. For these problems, using relatively simple displacement functions, the element provides a reasonable infinite domain representation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 162
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1285-1312 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper is a user's guide for the stand-alone explicit direct time integration package STINT/CD for structural dynamics analysis. STINT/CD uses an automatic variable time increment central difference method. The purpose, function, limitations and usage of the package are described. A FORTRAN listing of STINT/CD is given along with a sample problem which illustrates its usage and performance.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 164
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 829-852 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper is concerned with the large-deflection (bending and free vibration)analysis of thin elastic curved beams by conventional and mixed finite element methods. The conventional finite element method is based on the total potential energy expression, whereas the mixed method is based on a Reissner-type variational statement and involves the bending moments and deflections as primary dependent variables. Incremental and direct formulations are presented for both methods. The nonlinearity is included in the numerical method via an iterative procedure (i.e. the in-plane force due to the large deflection is not treated as constant but included under the integral in the energy expression). In the case of vibrations, the transverse shear and rotary inertia effects are also included. A number of numerical examples of beams with various edge conditions are analysed for deflections and natural frequencies, and the results are compared with those reported in the literature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 165
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 853-870 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The stability of plane Poiseuille flow and circular Couette flow are examined with respect to linear azimuthally periodic disturbances by the finite element method. In the case of Couette motion, solutions are obtained for a narrow gap, a wide gap and a dilute polymer solution with an elongational viscosity in the narrow gap limit when both cylinders rotate at almost equal speed in the same direction. Results are in good agreement with previous calculations by other numerical methods.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 931-938 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The use of the finite element concept in the time domain has resulted in a reinterpretation of many previously recorded recurrence formulae and the discovery of new ones. An important new feature common to all such schemes is the fact that a weighted forcing term is used. This precludes the application of unrealistic forcing terms resulting in a direct finite difference derivation and ‘smooths’ oscillation due to sudden changes of boundary condition. This problem is discussed in the context of various two- and three-level time schemes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 167
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 909-921 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A finite element formulation for the solution of time-dependent inelastic deformation problems for metallic structures, in the presence of transient thermal stresses, is presented in this paper. A rate formulation of the equations is used and any of a number of recently proposed combined creep-plasticity constitutive models with state variables can be adopted to describe material behaviour. The computer program developed can solve planar (plane strain and stress) and axisymmetric problems. Using one of the above-mentioned constitutive models, numerical results are presented for several illustrative problems, and comparisons of results, using either the quasi-steady or the unsteady diffusion equation for the determination of the temperature field, are carried out.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 168
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1045-1067 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The singularity mapping elementology based on the constant and semi-radial field conditions is presented in an originally quadrilateral finite element. With the complete evaluations of singularities in the stress and strain as well as of the strain energy finiteness, it is demonstrated that this singularity element family is highly versatile. Differences and some identities between the semi-radial mapping and the so-called quarter-point mapping are also examined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 169
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1119-1119 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1689-1695 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An easy to use stability test is presented for finite elements which are under- or selectively-integrated. This test is reminiscent of the patch test in that it must be applied only to one prototype element, and it is a sufficient test for the nonsingularity of the global coefficient matrix. The minimum number of integration points which can be used with each of several common one-, two- and three-dimensional elements for a variety of steady-state and time-dependent, scalar boundary value problems are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 171
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1843-1859 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: For plate bending analysis, both discrete and non-discrete mixed methods are presented by using spline functions in the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle. Piecewise spline interpolation with local supports and overall spline interpolation with boundary knots are applied to each of two mixed functionals. The prescribed boundary conditions can be considered by multiple boundary knots. The convergence behaviour of the mixed methods presented is studied. Numerical examples show that a high degree of accuracy can be obtained due to continuous properties in the high derivatives of the employed shape functions. The proposed mixed methods are found to be very competitive with other numerical methods for plate bending problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 172
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1890-1890 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1882-1887 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A method for improving the computational accuracy of numerical derivatives based on cubic splines and computed from a given set of function values with possible errors is described. The method incorporates smoothing, a derivative profile and/or numerical derivatives in the computational process by solving a pentadiagonal system of linear equations. Results comparing the derivatives computed by the present method, cubic spline and finite differences are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 13-21 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: It is shown that the 13C NMR spectral collapse temperatures Tc reported by Axelson and Mandelkern tend to give a constant ratio of Tc/Tg averaging 1.21 ± 0.05 and independent of Tg or of polymer structure. It is further shown that Tc is not a high-frequency value for Tg because this would require Tc/Tg to decline with increasing Tg. Tc/Tg agrees in numerical value with Tu/Tg, where Tll is the liquid-liquid transition lying above Tg. Direct comparison of Tc and Tu for four polymers PIB, PnBA, atactic PP, and isotactic PMMA shows very close agreement. The various results suggest, but do not prove, that Tc from 13C NMR spectroscopy may be a new, direct measure for Tll. A measured Tc of 233K for linear PE is compatible with a Tg near 195 K (233/195 = 1.19), whereas a Tg of 148 K gives the ratio 233/148 = 1.57, which is outside any value shown in tabulated form.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: A theory is presented to account for the effect of the impingement of growing spherulites on their Hv small-angle light scattering patterns. The theory is developed on the basis of results of computer-simulated two-dimensional spherulite growth and calculated scattered intensities. The impingement produces a lowering of the intensity of the scattering maximum and the diminishing of the overall sharpness of the scattering peak. The extent of these effects increases with area fraction of spherulites. A procedure is suggested for determining correction factors that may be applied to intensity data obtained during the course of spherulite crystallization. An interpretation is made of the type of average spherulite size determined from the scattering angle of maximum intensity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 109-120 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Broad-line 1H NMR spectra of linear polyethylene at temperatures in the α-transition range can be analyzed in terms of contributions from the crystalline and noncrystalline components provided molecular motion in the crystalline region is adequately considered. The spectrum of solid n-C32H66 or n-C44H90 prior to melting is used to take account of the contribution of the crystalline region of the polymer to molecular motions. The temperature dependence of the component distribution in the polymer is briefly discussed for a wide range of temperatures, together with previously reported results at low temperatures. The noncrystalline component is in a rigid glassy state at very low temperatures but with rising temperature it transforms to a mobile glassy state with restricted molecular motion, and transforms partially to the rubbery state at high temperature. The crystalline component remains rigid at low temperature, but some molecular motion is associated with it at higher temperatures in the α-transition range.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 177
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    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 135-141 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The surface composition of TiCl3-based Ziegler - Natta catalysts prepared by various methods was analyzed by ESCA to correlate the total amount of surface titanium with the catalyst activity in propylene polymerization. The ESCA peak ratio (Ti 2P3/2/Cl 2P) of the catalysts was measured to estimate the surface composition. The titanium index defined as the product of the (Ti/Cl peak ratio and surface area) was closely correlated with the catalyst activity in polymerization. This indicates that surface titanium concentration and surface area determine the catalyst activity. It was also found that removal of surface aluminum and chlorine at the catalyst preparation stage results in concentration of titanium at the surface and an increase in surface area.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 178
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    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 181-184 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 179
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    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 185-186 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 245-252 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Adsorption of three copolymers of acrylic acid with N-1-naphthylacrylamide on monodisperse polystyrene latex was studied as a function of pH, ionic strength, and latex concentration. A comparison of the observed adsorptive capacities with predictions based on a model in which the adsorbed polymers retain their shape in solution showed that this model leads to an increasing underestimate as the density of the hydrophobic groups on the polymer is increased and as the pH is reduced.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 281-292 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: It is shown that in strictly alternating rigid-flexible copolyamides with the axial ratio x of their rigid elements between 3 and 3.5, lyotropic liquid crystallinity exists in solutions of 25-40% poiymer. For polymers having 4.0 〈 x 〈 4.5, anisotropic solutions appear in the concentration range 15-25%. These axial ratios are substantially smaller than the value of xc = 6.4 predicted by theories for independent rodlike particles, but are in qualitative agreement with recent theoretical calculations taking cognizance of the connection of rodlike elements by flexible residues in the polymer chain. It is further shown that solid solutions of a model compound in an alternating rigid-flexible polymer may be prepared, provided there exists shape and size similarity between the model compound and the polymeric repeat unit.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 182
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    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 321-334 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Optical-absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectra for solutions, suspensions, and precipitates of poly(1,6-di-p-toluene sulfonoxy-2,4-hexadiyne) in and from nitrobenzene, acetone, and chloroform are presented. These are interpreted in terms of the occurrence of two forms of the polymer chain; a quasicrystalline form with properties close to those of single crystal polymer and a chain-extended form occurring in solution and colloidal particles, with an absorption energy of about 2.5 eV (20,000 cm-1). No evidence is found for the presence of very short polymer chains in partially polymerized monomer at low conversion. The relationship of these results to those for deformed single crystals is briefly discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 361-367 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The effect of heterogeneous chlorination of high-density polyethylene on its crystalline regions was investigated by NMR, x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. Crystallites remained inaccessible to attack by chlorine, even after extensive chlorination, however, their perfection was affected by extensive chlorination of the adjacent amorphous regions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 369-370 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 405-421 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Partitioning of macromolecules between pore and bulk solutions directly affects both equilibrium and transport processes such as exclusion chromatography and movement of solutes through porous media. Because of interactions between macromolecules and the pore wall, the variation of the macromolecule activity with concentration is different inside the pore than in bulk solution. This difference causes a concentration dependence of the distribution coefficient, as reported in experiments involving exclusion chromatography. In order to explain this effect, we develop a model for a concentration-dependent distribution which explicitly accounts for a coupling between pore-macromolecule and macromolecule-macromolecule interactions. Predictions using this model are reported for the case of rigid spherical macromolecules in both cylindrical and slit pores, including both steric (hard sphere-hard wall) and long-range (screened electrostatic) interactions. An important result is the existence of a general correlation between the first order concentration effect and measurable properties of the macromolecule and porous medium.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 449-457 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: A difference-spectrum method is used to measure vibrational frequency shifts in mechanically stressed polymers. It is shown that the peak-to-peak height of the difference-spectrum intensity profile is a linear function of small frequency shifts with a slope inversely proportional to the band halfwidth for Lorentzian or Gaussian bands. The method is applied to measure frequency shifts in uniaxially stressed ultraoriented isotactic polypropylene films, using a double beam infrared grating dispersion spectrometer with a nonstressed sample in the reference beam. It is shown that frequency shifts can be measured with an accuracy of better than 0.01 cm-1 using the difference-spectrum method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 487-497 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The width at half-height of SAXS discrete diffraction peaks has been used to compute the number of polyethylene lamellae in a stack. The dependence of this width on diffraction order reflects the nature and magnitude of lattice fluctuations. Within the literature there have been conflicting reports on this order dependence and hence on the nature of the lattice fluctuations. Previous studies have neglected the effects of instrumental broadening. These present studies show that instrumental effects can account for some 40% of the observed first-order peak width and drastically change the ratio of peak widths as a function of order. These studies, carried out on isothermally grown polyethylene single-crystal mats, also demonstrate the importance of the functions chosen to represent the various broadening factors. A mat was made up consisting of randomly stacked lamella with two distinct fold periods. The scattering from this mixed mat could not be described by either of the prevailing theories.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 188
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    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 531-555 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Several choices of the functions describing the creation and destruction processes of entanglement junctions in the Yamamoto network theory of concentrated polymer solutions have been examined. These choices are simple functions of the extension of the network segments bridging the entanglement points and it is demonstrated that the moments of the distribution function describing the network conformation can be solved for analytically. This has been done for a wide range of two-dimensional flows, both for the steady state and transient start-up and relaxation problems. The macroscopic stress tensor and flow birefringence are calculated and a variety of nonlinear effects are predicted and discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 517-527 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The shear stress σ, two components of birefringence, and extinction angle were measured for a concentrated polystyrene solution in step-shear deformation of magnitude of shear 0.3 ≤ γ ≤ 4.0. The stress-optical coefficient did not depend on either γ or time. The first and the second normal-stress differences v1 and v2 were evaluated with the use of the stress-optical law. Over a certain range of long times, σ could be factored as σ = γh(γ)G(t) and the quantity h(γ) agreed with the prediction of the Doi-Edwards theory based on the de Gennes tube model of entangled polymer chains. At short times the effect of γ on σ/γ was smaller than at long times. The relaxation spectrum became approximately independent of γ at the short-time end of the rubbery plateau region. The ratios v1/σ and v2/v1 were independent of time and were in quantitative agreement with those predicted by the Doi-Edwards theory: v1/σ was equal to γ, v2/v1 was negative, and |v2/v1| decreased with increasing γ.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 557-587 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The results of flow birefringence measurements are reported for polymer solutions of moderate concentration subjected to a wide range of two-dimensional flows. These flows were generated in a four-roll mill which enables one to systematically vary the ratio of the vorticity to the rate of strain in the flow while holding the velocity gradient constant. It is shown that steady-state birefringence data collected over a wide range of flow types can be correlated against the eigenvalue of the velocity gradient tensor, in agreement with criterion for strong and weak flows from model calculations. Transient birefringence measurements in which purely extensional flows were started from rest are also reported. It was observed that the birefringence went through a pronounced overshoot in time for two different polymer/solvent systems. Flow induced increases in the solution turbidity were also observed and the increased turbidity remained constant over a period of many hours after extensional flows were arrested. The birefringence, on the other hand, decayed to zero almost immediately after the flows were stopped. These changes in the turbidity suggest that crystallization of the polymer was occurring. The qualitative results of experiments are compared to recent network model calculations using the theory of Yamamoto for concentrated polymer systems. It is found that this model can predict qualitatively many of the experimental observations if the function describing the breakage of polymer chain entanglements is allowed to depend on the conformation of the polymer segments bridging the entanglements. In particular, this dependency of the entanglement breakage on the conformation of the network segments leads to a predicted overshoot of birefringence when purely extensional flows are started from rest. It is also demonstrated through this model that birefringence data taken over a wide range of flow types can be used to estimate the degree to which the network deforms affinely with the flow field.
    Zusätzliches Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 653-665 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained for as-cast and oriented films of poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) and a comparison was made of the molecular packing of the α-helices in forms B and C. Form B snowed Bragg reflections on the layer lines as well as on the equator. The spacings were explained by a monoclinic unit cell comprising two chains, with a = 29.06 Å, b = 13 20 Å, c = 27.27 Å α = γ = 90°. and β = 96°. The chains contained in this unit cell and consequently alternating in the crystal have opposite chain directions. Form C showed continuous scattering on the layer lines and reflections on the equator. This form, therefore, is a nematiclike paracrystal in which the packing of α-helices is periodic in the direction lateral to the chain axis (a = 14.8-115.2 Å, b = 14.3-14.8 Å, c = 27 Å, and γ = 118°-120°), but the relative levels of the chains along the chain axes are displaced. The formation of form C may be attributed to random placement of two chains with mutually opposite chain directions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 631-651 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The carbon-13 NMR linewidth (proton decoupled) of linear and branched polyethylenes crystallized so as to yield different supermolecular structures, as well as a polyethylene oxide sample, have been studied in detail. The purpose has been to assess the different molecular contributions to the linewidth in the completely amorphous polymer as well as in the amorphous regions of the semicrystalline state. These studies on a number of different structures were complemented by both proton-decoupled and dipolar-decoupled magic-angle spinning experiments on a particular sample, as well as frequency dependence studies. It is found that the abnormally broad resonance lines previously reported for the molten polymer can be significantly reduced by adopting appropriate methods of sample preparation and magnetic-field homogenization at each temperature. Relatively narrow lines result which can be interpreted in a conventional manner. In the semicrystalline state, the resonance lines are relatively broad and are shown to be morphology dependent. Specific contributions and their temperature dependence are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 689-701 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Molecular relaxations of polyesters containing C5-C15 rings in the main chain have been studied by DSC, dielectric dispersion, and NMR. Results are discussed in relation to the size and mobility of the rings. The Tg or α-relaxation peak moves to higher temperature with an increase in the ring size from C5 to C12, but the effect is accompanied by an even-odd alternation with ring size. The β relaxations in dielectric dispersion reflect local-mode motion of ester groups and are affected by steric interactions with the rings. Motions of the ring methylenes of C12 and C15 ring units are detected below Tg by broad-line NMR.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 731-741 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: A computer program for modeling three-dimensional spherulite nucleation, growth, and impingement was elaborated. The Monte Carlo method was used to determine the degree of conversion and calculate the volume of the spherulites. Athermal, thermal, and mixed types of nucleation were tested. The experimental Avrami exponent agrees with the predictions for athermal and thermal nucleation while for mixed nucleation a nonintegral exponent is characteristic. The spherulite size distributions are very different from athermal and thermal nucleations. An intermediate pattern of distribution is proper for the mixed type of nucleation. The boundaries of the largest spherulites from thermal and mixed nucleation are concave while those of the smallest spherulites are convex.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 749-761 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Correlations of the stress-intensity factor K with crack speed a have been obtained for environmental stress cracking (ESC) of a series of low-density polyethylenes in detergent. In the majority of the materials, the crack speed increases initially with increasing K, then becomes constant, and finally starts decreasing. The ESC resistance increases with increasing molecular weight and, in general, the quenched materials show greater ESC resistance than slowly cooled ones. The crack propagation results agree well with the ESC model of Williams. Attempts have also been made to understand the micromechanics of ESC failure from a combined approach of K, the crack tip characteristics, and the fracture surface appearance. The roughness of the fracture surface increases with increasing K.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 803-814 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The NMR spin-spin relaxation (T2) spectra of high-density polyethylene (PE) has been investigated over a wide range of temperatures, both in the solid and molten states. Previous work in these laboratories has shown that the T2 relaxation spectrum of molten polyethylene differs from that of other polymers studied in that (a) it cannot be decomposed into two relaxation spectra (T2S and T2L) and (b) there is some evidence of a memory effect. This paper attempts to elucidate these observations, and compare them with the spin-spin relaxation of polyethylene at lower temperatures. In the solid state, the T2 decay comprises both a Gaussian distribution for the crystalline region, and an exponential decay for the amorphous component. The effects of crystallization conditions and of temperature were determined. In the molten state the T2 decay is more complex, but can be resolved into three exponentials. The longest (T2L) component arises as expected from the most mobile, low molecular weight fraction. The T2S component is due to an entangled but mobile network, as in other polymers. In addition, a short relaxation component T2X is observed, which is influenced by previous crystallinity and the processing history of the material, and is ascribed to some vestigial degree of structure in the molten phase.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 837-847 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Polymerization of p-acryloyloxybenzoic acid by heating on a hot stage was previously reported to lead to a lyotropic mesophase. Using optical microscopy, thermal analysis, and infrared analysis, it was shown that this mesophase involves oligomers of poly(p-oxybenzoate) formed from the monomer by ester interchange through internal acidolysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 877-888 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Ultradrawing of films of high-molecular-weight polyethylene (M̄w = 1.5 × 106) produced by gelation crystallization from solution is discussed. The influence of the initial polymer volume fraction (φ) on the maximum draw ratio (λmax) of the dried films is examined in the temperature region from 90-130°C. The results can be described very well by the relation λmax = λmax1 φ-1/2 where λmax1 is the (temperature-dependent) maximum draw ratio of the melt-crystallized film. An attempt is made to discuss the marked influence of the initial polymer volume fraction on λmax in terms of the deformation of a network with entanglements acting as semipermanent crosslinks.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 863-875 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The persistence length of poly(terephthaloyl p-amino benzhydrazide) (X-500) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been determined from intrinsic viscosities measured for several whole-polymer samples. An approximate correction is applied for excluded volume effects, and these corrected values are fitted using the viscosity treatments of Yamakawa and Fujii and of Eizner and Ptitsyn. Both give for the persistence length of X-500 values in the range 30-35 Å. Revised treatment of our previous light scattering data for the same polymer yields 49 Å for the persistence length. Thus the chain extension of X-500 falls between those of para-linked polyamides and those of typical freely coiling macromolecules. Phase diagram studies indicate the solubility of X-500 in DMSO decreases with rising temperature, and can be increased by the addition of LiCl. No anisotropic phase is found in DMSO at the highest volume fraction of polymer, v2 = 0.19, which can be obtained with 4 g/dl LiCl. The critical concentration of X-500 needed for the appearance of the anisotropic phase depends upon solvent since Morgan reported an anisotropic phase for this polymer in 100% H2SO4 when v2 ≈ 0.13.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 921-932 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The flow field in an electrically driven jet has been examined and quantitatively analyzed. Using a model fluid, the nature of the streamlines and magnitude of the stream velocities were investigated with the aid of tracer particle photography. It was found that the velocity field is not purely extensional, but contains rotational components as well. Furthermore, the only portion of the jet completely free of any rotational component is the region about the symmetry axis. The extensional strain rate along the symmetry axis increases rapidly with the applied electric field intensity and can attain values in excess of 50 sec-1. This suggests that it might be possible to draw continuous oriented fibers from polymer melts by this technique if the jet can be operated at sufficiently high electric field intensity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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