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  • 1980-1984  (33,682)
  • Chemistry  (33,681)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,506)
  • Physical Chemistry  (593)
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 298-298 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 102
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations to Determine and Evaluate Damage Processes of Adhesive Bonds by Means of Acoustic EmissionThe damage process in metal adhesive bonds under quasistatic loads was monitored by means of acoustic emission analysis (AEA). Metallographic investigations allow the correlation between acoustic emission data and microscopic failure processes in the bondline of single lap adhesive joints. The influence of specimen geometry on the initiation of damages is discussed for several types of adhesives. Furthermore the relation between the preparation of the adherent surface and the onset of acoustic emission is as well described as the influence of manufacturing defects on the mechanical behaviour and the acoustic emission activity.
    Notes: Der Schädigungsablauf an einschnittig überlappten Klebverbindungen wurde mit Hilfe der Schallemissionsanalyse bei quasistatischer Belastung untersucht. An verschiedenen Klebstoffsystemen wird der Einfluß der Fügeteilgeometrie auf die Festigkeit und die Initiierung von Schäden in der Klebschicht dargestellt. Licht- und rasterelektronen-mikroskopische Gefügeuntersuchungen ermöglichen die Zuordnung der Schallemissionssignale zu den mikroskopischen Schädigungsvorgängen in der Klebschicht. Weiterhin wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Fügeteilvorbehandlung und dem Beginn der Schädigungsausbildung sowie der Einfluß von Fertigungsfehlern auf die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften von Metallklebungen diskutiert und Belastungsgrenzen aufgezeigt.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 299-308 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Effect of Moisture on the Mechanical Properties of Phenolic Moulded MaterialsIn order to use thermosetting moulding material it is necessary to know how the mechanical properties are changed by absorption of water. Therefore, multiphase systems based on phenolic resin, with varying quantities of wood flour and/or powdered minerals as fillers, were examined. The relationship between moisture absorption and the change in Young's modulus, flexural strength and the strain of the outer fibre at fracture was determined. It could be shown that the increase in flexural strength as water absorption began is a result only of the swelling stress.
    Notes: Voraussetzung für den Einsatz duroplastischer Formstoffe in erhöhter Umgebungsfeuchte ist die Kenntnis der durch die Feuchteaufnahme bewirkten Änderung der mechanischen Werkstoffeigenschaften. Ausgehend von in ihrer Zusammensetzung variierten Mehrstoffsystemen auf der Basis Phenolharz/Holzmehl/Gesteinsmehl wird die formstoff- und feuchtespezifische Wechselwirkung zwischen Feuchteaufnahme, Biege-E-Modul, Biegefestigkeit und Randfaserdehnung beim Bruch aufgezeigt, und nachgewiesen, daß der zu Lagerungsbeginn zu beobachtende Anstieg der Biegefestigkeit ausschließlich auf durch Sorption hervorgerufene Druck-Eigenspannungen zurückzuführen ist.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 349-359 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Swelling Behaviour of Thermosetting MaterialsThe moisture absorption of moulded materials can endanger a construction because of the change in volume of various parts. Therefore it is necessary to know the maximum possible swelling of the moulded materials employed at different relative humidities. The swelling of modified phenolic resin systems are described. Wood flour (which absorbs moisture) and powdered minerals (which in this case can be considered as inert) were used as fillers.Different methods have been developed to calculate the maximum possible swelling after a relatively short testing time (ca. 1000 h).
    Notes: Die Feuchteaufnahme eines Formstoffes kann durch die damit verbundene Volumenänderung des Formteils die Funktion einer Baugruppe gefährden. Daher muß die maximal mögliche formstoff- und umgebungsfeuchtespezifische Quelldehnung der eingesetzten Formstoffe bekannt sein. Am Beispiel von Ein-, Zwei- und Dreistoffsystemen mit Phenolharz als Matrixwekstoff wird der Einfluß der Harzträger Holzmehl (im Hinblick auf die Feuchteaufnahme „aktiv“) und Gesteinsmehl („inaktiv“) auf die Quellung untersucht. In diesem Zusammenhang werden Methoden aufgezeigt, die eine Abschätzung der maximal möglichen Quelldehnung nach relativ kurzer Versuchsdauer (etwa 1000 h) ermöglichen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 14-21 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mandelbrot has extended the concept of classical dimensional description of physical systems to include fractional values which describe the ruggedness of a structure. Thus if one has a dimension of 1.2 one knows that one is dealing with a line which fills space more efficiently than a line which has dimension of 1.1. A mathematical curve which exhibits ideal fractal structure has the same appearance when viewed at any level of scrutiny. Kaye and co-workers applied the concept of fractal mathematics to the description of the boundaries of fineparticle profiles. As demonstrated in this communication a natural fractal boundary in contrast with an ideal fractal can exhibit different fractal structures over different ranges of scrutiny. As a consequence one should always report the scale of scrutiny employed when examining the fractal structure of natural boundaries. Data is presented demonstrating the fractal/euclidean boundary structure manifest by aluminum shot fineparticles examined at various levels of scrutiny. The relationship between fractal descriptors of fineparticle boundaries and the Fourier analysis of geometric signature waveforms for describing the structure of fineparticles is explored. Data presented by Flook on the physical significance of the various co-efficients of a Fourier analysis of a signature waveform is correlated with the fractal description of the ruggedness of a profile.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Iterative numerical analysis methods, similar to those used for ray tracing in electron and ion guns, have been employed to calculate the electrical potential distribution in the vicinity of the orifice of an electrical sensing zone (esz) instrument. In particular, the electrical potential across the mouth of the orifice is considered and the effects of numerically bevelling the sharp peripheral edge are demonstrated.The results support the empirical equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm d}\phi {\rm /d}x \sim 1 + \alpha '\{(r/R)/(1 - r/R)\} ^{\beta '} $$\end{document} for the axial component of the potential gradient, dφ/dx, at the mouth of the orifice expressed as a function of the radial distance, r, from the centre of the orifice of radius R; α′ and β′ are empirical constants. This equation was derived from previously reported experimental data on relative shifts and heights of artefact peaks apparent on the coarse side of size distributions measured via the esz method on a series of latex copolymers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 74-77 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The evaluation of particle size distributions of comminution products often shows that the experimental distributions cannot be represented by one of the well-known functions (GGS, RRSB, log-normal distributions). Although in some cases a more or less satisfactory approximation to one of these functions can be made, a physically meaningful interpretation is generally impossible. Using the frequency curve, it can often be shown that mixed distributions, represented by several statistical assemblies, do exist. In this paper the progeny size distributions of quartzite formed by slow compression comminution of single grains and particle beds as well as of the comminution products of a roller mill are interpreted as superpositions of several statistical assemblies each of which can be represented by a truncated log-normal distribution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 109
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described for the fast and automatic measurement of the grain size distribution of sand ranging from 0 to 4 mm. A sample of sand continuously introduced at a rate of 30 g/min is separated by the apparatus into seven fractions of 0-0.063, 0.063-0.125, 0.125-0.25, 0.25-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, and 2-4 mm. The amount of sand in each of these fractions is determined and the results are given in time intervals of 1 minute. The sand is separated in a separation chamber through which water streams in a horizontal laminar flow. The samples are separated according to their settling velocities. The four coarse fractions descend to the bottom of the chamber. They are collected and weighed under water. The three fine fractions remain suspended in three effluent water streams. The quantity of sand is measured in flow cells by absorption of laser light. Control of the system as well as the collection and processing of the measured data are done by means of an electronic control unit and a microcomputer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 96-101 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The principle of an instantaneous reading, respirable dust, photometer and its application are described. The instrument measures the infrared light (940 nm wavelength) scattered on airborne particles under a mean scattering angle of 70°. Its open measuring chamber, which is insensitive to daylight, is filled with total dust. The photometer reading, however, is calibrated in terms of mass concentration of respirable dust by means of a gravimetric respirable dust sampler. Experiments carried out with monodisperse test aerosols and with real dusts confirm the instrument's principle. The photometer values obtained for real dusts can be linearly converted into mass values of respirable dust as long as ultra-fine or ultra-coarse dusts are excluded. In several practical cases an increased flux of scattered light is compensated for by a higher density of the dust material.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 112-116 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The application of a new LDA method which simultaneously measures the size and velocity of small water droplets in the spray cone of a fan type water nozzle is described. As the phase difference between adjacent photomultipliers responding to signals from a fringe mode LDA is linearly proportional to the diameter of the spherical particle in the measuring volume, the new instrument allows, for long distances between the optical devices and the measuring volume in the spray, non-invasive measurements and from these the correlation of size and velocity of the individual droplet in order to establish two-dimensional distributions. From the new LDA instrument one receives definite information about the volume-flow concentration in the measuring point of an enclosed flow situation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 112
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Deep-sea manganese nodules must be potentially valuable one of the most mineral resources containing several economically valuable metal elements. Manganese minerals in the nodules are regarded principally as todorokite and δ-MnO2. The todorokite phase is porous and enriched in copper and nickel, while the porous δ-MnO2 phase is enriched in cobalt. Porosity and adsorption as well as dissolution characteristics have been observed for each constituent mineral. Furthermore the pore diffusion coefficient has been calculated. Moreover, the zeta potential of each constituent mineral has been measured in order to evaluate the electrochemical property. This has been applied successfully to the selective concentration of copper and nickel bearing or cobalt bearing minerals in deep-sea manganese nodules.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 113
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 142-143 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solute focussing ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 114
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 153-154 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Silanized silica for HPLC ; Surface silanol groups ; Dimethylzinc tetrahydrofuranate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 115
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 156-157 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; HPLC profiling ; Prostaglandins ; High speed HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 116
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 151-152 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micro HPLC ; Multichannel photodiode array detector ; Components in a medicine ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 117
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 161-164 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High-performance-thin layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Zirconium oxychloride ; Backside fluorodensitometric detection on TLC plate ; Content uniformity test for lanatoside C tablets ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 118
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 172-184 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 119
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 215-217 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Coupled columns ; Halogenated organic pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 120
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 225-226 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 121
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 211-212 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin layer chromatography, TLC ; Alkylchlorosilanes ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 122
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 218-219 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High-speed micro-HPLC ; Rapid Identification ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Environmental sample ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 123
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 222-224 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Interface ; Partition ; Adsorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 124
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 232-244 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 125
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 252-257 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: After having witnessed, over a period of more than 20 years, the extremely difficult early development of capillary gas chromatography, the growth of scientific understandign, and finally its sudden blossoming into a commonly accepted technique, the author is confronted with a dichotomy. On the one hand, there are the dramatic advances in the fields of column preparation, and of sampling techniques. Implementation of these advances should logically result in correspondingly drastic progress in the average quality of application work in drastic progress in the average quality of application work in capillary gas chromatography. On the other hand, however, such progress is lacking. The greater the practical potential, the smaller the fractionm of that potential which is practically exploited. The reason is that most users interpret te recent advances as exempting them from their obligation to know and think about the many details of practical work, and to attempt standardized work with standard columns and techniques. Standardization of routine work is beneficial, provided the standards are optimized-a condition which all too often remains unfulfilled. Research work, performed in a realm of ever new and unknown conditions, is of poor quality when done by standardized means. Since the most critical part of optimization is column selection, the capillary column must be mastered as a familiar tool in the hands of the investigator. This is hardly possible in the absence of any direct contact with column technology.
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  • 126
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 258-264 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas-liquid chromatography ; Packed and capillary columns ; Plasma anaysis ; Pharmacokinetic studies ; Benzodiazepines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sensitive gas-liquid chromatographic assay was developed for plasma determinations of flurazepam (F), N1-desalkylflurazepam (DF), and N1-hydroxyethylflurazepam (HF). The internal standards used were delorazepam for F and DF and 1 ã-hydroxymidazolam for HF. Following extraction and derivatization for HF, these compounds were analyzed by ECD-GLC, using either glass packed columns (poly A 103 for F and DF, OV 225 for HF) or CP-Sil 5 capillary columns for DF and HF. The detection limit of the packed-column assay was approximately 3ng/ml for HF and DF, and 5ng/ml for F; with capillary GLC analysis, the sensitivity limit for HF and DF was lower than 1 ng/ml. These methods were used for pharmacokinetic investigations after i. v. administration of these compunds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 127
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 276-278 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC, Packed microbore columns ; Band broadening and flow rate ; Calculated van Deemter plot ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 128
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 282-283 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 129
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 286-288 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 130
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 296-300 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 131
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 306-311 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Thermodesorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A commercial thermodesorption and cold trap unit can be used as a large sample volume injection device in high resolution gas chromatography. Volumes of more than 100 μl can be injected. More than 97% of solvents, such as hexane, can be removed by a Tenax TA precolumn without any loss of compounds with volatilities comparable to naphthalene. Experimental conditions, recovery rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the reproducibility of the method are described in detail. The method was successfully applied for the determination of PAH in air particulate matter extracts.
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  • 132
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 333-333 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 133
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 334-335 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused-Silica columns ; Thermal stability ; Dibenzothiophene oxides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 134
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 411-413 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Packed capillary columns ; Miniaturized gradient elution ; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A miniaturized continuous gradient elution system was designed for work with packed capillary columns. The retention reproducibility achieved is adequate for many practical applications.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 461-465 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Retention gaps ; Peak broadening ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple formula is derived which allows estimation of the band broadening due to longitudinal diffusion in retention gaps for isothermal runs with the column held at the injection temperature. The broadening is strongly dependent on the linear gas velocity in the retention gap. If the internal diameters of the retention gap and the separation column are similar, the retention gap may have a length exceeding 100 m, even if the separation column is only 10 m long. A 0.5 mm I.D. retention gap attached to a 0.3 mm I.D. separation column (of interest for automatic on-column injection) may be several meters long. Retention gaps of 0.3 mm I.D. may be used for on-column injections into separation columns with I.D's. down to about 0.1 mm.
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  • 136
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 477-479 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Adsorbent ; Cold trapping ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 137
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 414-422 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Steroid analysis ; Sample pretreatment ; Sample introduction ; Separation speed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative analysis of steroids and their metabolites in urine samples calls for increased speed of sample clean-up, of the derivatization procedure, and of separation. A fast procedure for sample pretreatment, which can be performed within 8 hours, is introduced and evaluated. It is shown that use of fast pretreatment in combination with narrow bore columns, which are compatible with existing instrumentation, can considerably increase, laboratory throughput. The effect of different sample introduction techniques (e.g. splitless, on-column, and moving needle) on column efficiency and resolution is demonstrated and discussed.
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  • 138
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 435-435 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 139
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; General methods of nucleotide HPLC ; Molecular and ionic basis of separation ; Two-dimensional separation ; Stationary phase; selectivity to nucleotide size and composition, selectivity control ; Mobile phase (solvent, salt, pH), influence on retention and selectivity ; Guard-column functions ; Column loadability and packing, consolidation of bed particles ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to develop efficient separation methods for nucleotides according to their size and heterocyclic composition, the application of ion-exchange, reverse-phase, and normal-phase adsorption HPLC has been studied. The comparative investigation of retention power and selectivity of various packings (non-polar bonded-phase and amino silicas) in relation to nucleotide length and composition yields data which enable suitable packings to be selected and a method of preparing the new packing for a particular separation problem to be formulated. Thus a new anion exchanger with high selectivity and dynamic mass transfer has been prepared for fractionation of large oligonucleotides. The effect of the eluent pH and composition (organic modifier, salt) on retention, selectivity, and resolution in ion-exchange and reverse-phase HPLC has been studied. The optimum separation conditions comprise elution with oppositely directed gradients of the salt and the modifier, use of a precolumn packing that provides the best protection for the main column without loss of its efficiency, and the optimum gradient program for the desired retention of the component of interest. The relation between loading and sample concentration has been studied and the system for gradient elution improved. Our work shows that two-dimensional separation is the most reliable and informative method for preparation of homogeneous oligonucleotides. The hydrophobic-pair ion-exchange mechanism is proposed for ion-pair chromatography. Protected and partially deblocked oligonucleotides, chemically synthesized for genetic engineering studies, have been separated with high selectivity by adsorption (normal-phase) HPLC which is efficient for gradient elution with isohydric eluents. The analysis of a monomeric composition of nano-(pico-) molar amounts of oligonucleotides has been developed; the procedure involves microcolumn digestion of the oligonucleotides with immobilized enzymes followed by microcolumn separation of the nucleoside-mononucleotide mixture. Also, a new slurry method for packing stable HPLC columns with a tightly consolidated, nonshrinkable bed of particles has been developed.
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  • 140
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 492-494 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Closed loop stripping analysis ; Filter extraction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 141
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 587-589 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Packed glass columns ; Solvent extraction ; Plastics ; Ethylene oxide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 142
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 597-598 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 143
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 538-539 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Alkylchlorosilanes ; Prostaglandins ; Hydroxyelcosatetraenoic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 144
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 549-552 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 145
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 566-569 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Electrochemical detection ; Serum ; Tetraiodothyronine ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetraiodo-L-thyronine (T4) in human serum was determined by HPLC using a nonphysiological internal standard. For sample preparation, a cation exchange resin, RP-chromatography on C-18 or phenylphase, and electrochemical detection (Metrohm 656 or BAS-LC 4 A) were employed. The mobile phase (0.8 ml/min) was 10 mM H3PO4/CH3OH (40/60 v/v) or 10 mM H3PO4/CH3CN (70/30 v/v, 1.5 ml/min), the voltage applied 800 mV. The coefficient of variation (day to day) was 6.8% (N = 40); concentrations of T4 found were 11 to 20% lower than those obtained by two different commercially available immunoassays.
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  • 146
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 578-579 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Effluent splitter, all glass type ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 147
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 590-592 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Pressurized gas ; Supercritical fluid ; Elution and resolution behavior ; n-Pentane ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 599-599 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 149
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 660-670 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 150
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 697-699 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns, 100 μm I.D. ; On-column injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 707-709 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Diffuse reflectance infrared spectrometry ; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry ; Spectrometry/chromatography interface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 577-577 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Multidimensional gas chromatography, MGC ; Deans System ; Temperature programming ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 584-586 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Normal and reversed phases ; Steroid esters ; Long-acting contraceptive ; Injectable contraceptives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 714-715 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Bonded phases ; Charge-transfer interaction ; n-Propyl picryl ether ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 709-711 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Electrochemical detection ; Phenylenediamines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 156
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 24-34 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluation of Recent Models for Short Fatigue CracksIn the present study some new procedures for the evaluation of the propagation behavior of small cracks at notches which were originally proposed by T. H. Topper et al. and by K. J. Miller et al. are considered. They are presented in a manner that they can immediately be used for practical applications. The basis of the procedures and their ranges in application are considered and they are compared to conventional fracture mechanics analyses.In a second part of the study still existing limitations in the physical basis of the procedures are outlined and some aspects regarding the extension of the range in application of the procedures to variable amplitude loading histories are given.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden neuere im Schrifttum mitgeteilte Methoden (Verfahren nach T. H. Topper u. Mitarbeiter und nach K. J. Miller und Mitarbeiter) zur Beschreibung des Ausbreitungsverhaltens kleiner Risse an Kerben betrachtet und in der Weise aufbereitet, daß sie unmittelbar in der Praxis anwendbar sind. Es erfolgt eine ausführliche Darstellung der Grundlagen und des Anwendungsbereichs der Methoden, ferner ein Vergleich mit konventionellen Lösungsansätzen auf der Grundlage der linear-elastischen Bruchmechanik (LEFM).Anschließend werden die derzeit noch bestehenden Beschränkungen in den physikalischen Grundlagen der betrachteten Methoden angegeben. Es werden Weiterentwicklungsschwerpunkte im Hinblick auf die allgemeine Anwendung der Methoden auf Betriebsfestigkeitsprobleme aufgezeigt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 124-132 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
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  • 158
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A30 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 159
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 160
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 172-176 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Long Term Creep Tests of Polypropylene at 120 °CThe mechanism of damage in the pipe wall during the internal pressure creep test of polypropylene-pipes at a test temperature of 120° is described. The resulting consequences from the investigations relating to the test method are shown and a test station with automatic recording of the time of damage is presented.Further on solutions are explained to eliminate the security risks during the tests of big pipes. A practical performance is described. On the basis of the time-temperature-correlation of the long term behavior of polypropylene the mathematical basis to interpolate minimum requirements for quality control are presented.
    Notes: Die Schädigungsmechanismen in der Rohrwand bei der Zeitstand-Innendruckprüfung von Rohren aus Polypropylen und einer Prüftem-peratur von 120 °C werden beschrieben. Die sich daraus ergebenden Konsequenzen hinsichtlich der Prüftechnik werden aufgezeigt und ein Prüfstand mit selbsttätiger Erfassung des Versagenszeitpunkts für die Serienprüfung vorgestellt. Desweiteren werden Lösungsmöglichkeiten zur Beseitigung des Sicherheitsrisikos bei der Prüfung von Großrohren erläutert und eine praktische Ausführung beschrieben.Auf der Basis der Zeit-Temperatur-Korrelation des Festigkeitsverhaltens von Polypropylen werden die mathematischen Grundlagen zur Interpolation von Mindestanforderungen für die Qualitätskontrolle angegeben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A38 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 162
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Resistance of Various Steel Types and Nickel-Base Alloys Under the Influence of Nitriding Gases in Ammonia Syntheses PlantsThe paper describes test results obtained during 5 years of practical trials with heat-resisting steels, steels for hydrogen service, austenitic steels and nickel-base alloys under the nitriding operation conditions found in an ammonia plant at temperatures of more than about 400°C. During the test, nitriding rates and depths at high temperatures and under stresses were established, as well as changes in the mechanical properties as a result of nitriding.Based on the test results and the knowledge of the subject matter, recommendations and service condition limits for material selection are given.The superior behaviour of austenitic materials, especially with increasing nickel contents, could be confirmed.An attempt is made to find an explanation for the reduced resistance to hydrogen attack under the influence of nitridation.
    Notes: Beschrieben werden Versuchsergebnisse einer 5jährigen praktischen Erprobung an warmfesten, druckwasserstoffbeständigen und austenitischen Stählen sowie Nickelbasiswerkstoffen unter den aufnitrierend wirkenden Betriebsbedingungen einer Ammoniak-Synthese oberhalb etwa 400°C.Ermittelt wurden Nitriergeschwindigkeiten und -tiefen unter Temperatur- und Spannungseinflüssen sowie die Veränderungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften durch Nitrierung.Aufgrund der Versuchsergebnisse und gleichartiger Kenntnisse werden Empfehlungen und Grenzbedingungen zur Werkstoffauswahl gegeben.Das bessere Verhalten austenitischer Werkstoffe, insbesondere mit steigenden Nickelgehalten, konnte bestätigt werden.Es wird versucht, eine Deutung der Verschlechterung der Druckwasserstoffbeständigkeit unter dem Einfluß der Aufnitrierung zu geben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 214-221 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Die geschilderten Oberflachenschutzverfahren wurden entwickelt, um im Maschinen- und Apparatebau mit billigeren Grundwerkstoffen weiterzuarbeiten, aber bei hohem Verschleiß und Korrosionsbeanspruchungen noch eine technische und wirtschaftliche Nutzungsdauer zu erreichen. Durch die laufende Verknappung und damit Verteuerung der Rohstoffe werden die einzelnen Verfahren in Zukunft noch eine wesentliche Steigerung erfahren.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 222-222 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 230-237 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pickling of Steel Tanks for Use in Biological Water Purification Plants as a Pretreatment to the Application of an Organic CoatingHigh-level tanks made from structural steel, so called BIOHOCH®-Reaktoren for biological purification of chemical waste water, had to be protected against corrosion by an organic coating. After the usual pretreatment, which means cleaning of the steel surface by sand or furnaceslag blasting, pittinglike corrosion was observed in two cases. Therefore, the required grade of surface preparation was not available. Nevertheless, to get good preconditions for a sufficient service life, both tanks with a volume of about 20 000 m3 were pickled in such a manner, that the final furnace blasting operation furnished the presumed white metal state.The problematic nature of organic coatings, which has recommended the pickling of the steel surface, is discussed. The selection, realization and controlling of this treatment are specified.
    Notes: Stählerne Hochbehälter zur biologischen Reinigung von Chemieabwässern sollten mit einer Beschichtung gegen Korrosion geschützt werden. Bei der dazu notwendigen Vorbehandlung mittels Strahlen zeigte der Stahl in zwei Fällen eine lochförmige Vorkorrosion, die es verhinderte, daß sich auf diesem Wege die gewünschte Oberflächengüte erreichen ließ. Um dennoch gute Voraussetzungen für eine hinreichende Lebensdauer der Beschichtung zu schaffen, wurden die beiden Reaktoren mit jeweils etwa 20 000 m3 Inhalt so gebeizt, daß eine anschließende Strahlbehandlung den geforderten metallisch blanken Zustand erbrachte.Es wird auf die Problematik von Beschichtungen eingegangen, die es im vorliegenden Fall nahelegte, eine Beizung vorzunehmen. Die Auswahl, Ausführung und Überwachung dieser Behandlung werden beschrieben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Comparison of the Material Damage Progression by Intercristalline Stress Corrosion Cracking in the Laboratory and during Service ConditionsSimulation of the stress corrosion attack on structural steel in nitrate containing elektrolytes under practical service conditions. Description of the material damage process and definition of the different corrosion rates which can be deduced therefrom. The laboratory results permit the statement of a minimum and a maximum destruction rate by stress corrosion cracks.The results of measurements during service confirm the findings in the laboratory while the comparable damage pictures during laboratory testings and during service attribute to the understanding of not clarified phenomena of the damage process during service.
    Notes: Simulation des Spannungsrißkorrosionsangriffs von Baustählen in nitrathaltigen Elektrolyten unter praxisgerechten Prüfbedingungen. Beschreibung des Verlaufs der Werkstoffschädigung und Definition der unterschiedlichen Zerstörungsgeschwindigkeiten, die sich daraus ableiten lassen. Die Laborergebnisse erlauben die Angabe einer minimalen und maximalen Zerstörungsgeschwindigkeit durch Spannungsrißkorrosion.Die Ergebnisse von Betriebsmessungen bestätigen die im Labor ermittelten Befunde, wobei die vergleichbaren Schadensbilder bei der Laborprüfung und im Betriebseinsatz zum Verständnis von nicht geklärten Phänomenen des Schadensablaufs im Betrieb beitragen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 168
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 88-94 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Hardfacing-Methods and their Application in the Materials-Technology and TribologyDuring the last few years more and more efforts have been made to reduce or even avoid material losses, caused either by mechanical or corrosive attack, by the means of protecting metal surface protection. In fact, the expenses needed in the Plastic-Technology for the disposition of wear-spares in West Germany amount to half a billion DM a year [1]. If all the damages by wear and corrosion are included, the losses world-wide rise to more than 80 billion DM/year. Thus not only technical but most of all economical reasons promote the rapid development of different hardfacing methods. The various methods are presented with ascending temperature of the working materials (s. Fig. 1).
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 169
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 96-102 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Oxygen Traces on the Properties of Tungsten Heavy MetalsInvestigation carried out with differently sintered W heavy metals showed that careful pre-reduction before liquid phase sintering is essential for obtaining satisfactory mechanical properties; otherwise oxide layers at the phase boundaries deteriorate the interface strength and thus cause premature fracture. Understandably, the water vapour content of the furnace atmosphere is of considerable importance. Appropriate sintering anticipated, even severely oxidized green compacts result in highly ductile heavy metals. Addition of scavengers, e.g. Cr or V, instead of the pre-reduction improves the interface strength, the mechanical properties however remain unsatisfactory.
    Notes: Untersuchungen an nach verschiedenen Zyklen gesinterten Schwermetallen zeigten, daß sorgfältige Reduktion vor dem Flüssigphasensintern notwendig ist, um die beträchtlichen Ausgangsmengen an Sauerstoff zu entfernen; andernfalls werden aufgrund der durch Oxidbelegung verschlechterten Haftfestigkeit zwischen W-Körnern und Binderphase nur sehr schlechte mechanische Eigenschaften erhalten. Der Wassergehalt der Ofenatmosphäre spielt naturgemäß eine bedeutende Rolle; bei richtiger Führung der Sinterung werden auch von stark oxidierten Grünlingen ausgezeichnete Schwermetalle erhalten. Zusatz von Scavengern, wie Cr oder V, anstatt der Vorreduktion verbessert zwar die Haftung der Phasen, die Eigenschaften bleiben aber unbefriedigend.
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  • 170
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. I 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 171
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 132-140 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations of the Local Composition of Glass Fibers with the Help of the Scanning Electron MicroanalysisVarious glass-fiber types show different chemical resistance in the surrounding of aggressive media. Through the influence of inorganic acid or alkali media certain elementary glass fibres can be leached. This effect can be seen optically in some kinds of glass-fibers. Other glass-fiber types show no optical change in the surface, although there is an aggressive attack Now it is possible to understand the leaching process in glass-fibers with the help of the scanning electron microanalysis. In that way corrosion procedures of various glass-fiber types can be better described.
    Notes: Verschiedene Glasfasertypen weisen gegenüber aggressiven Umgebungsmedien eine unterschiedliche Chemikalienresistenz auf. Durch die Einwirkung saurer oder alkalischer Medien können einige Elementarglasfasern ausgelaugt werden, was sich optisch verfolgen lassen kann, andere Glasfasern wiederum zeigen kaum optische Veränderungen. Mit Hilfe der Röntgenmikroanalyse besteht nun die Möglichkeit die durch den Auslaugprozeß hervorgerufene chemische Veränderung der Glasfaserzusammensetzung verschiedener Typen quantitativ bzw. semiquantitativ zu erfassen. Dadurch lassen sich Korrosionsvorgänge an einzelnen Elementarglasfasern besser beschreiben als bisher.
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  • 172
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 177-183 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of Metallographic Replica Technique on Material Examination and Failure AnalysesFor evaluation of technical facilities with regard to their safety and availability often informations on the microstructure of the components are required without having the possibility for taking a sample. In such cases a non-destructive metallographic examination by application of the replica technique on site has proved useful and indispensable. Although this technique is adequatly known today its evidence is sometimes still discussed amongst experts. As a contribution to this subject performance and interpretation of this special form of metallographic investigation are described below and the application advantages are pointed out by examples from chemical plants.
    Notes: Für die Beurteilung technischer Anlagen hinsichtlich ihrer Sicherheit und Verwendbarkeit werden oft Aussagen über den Gefügezustand der Bauteile verlangt, ohne daß eine Probenahme zur metallographischen Untersuchung möglich ist. In solchen Fällen hat sich eine zerstörungsfreie mikroskopische Untersuchung vor Ort mittels Gefügeabdrücken als nützlich und unentbehrlich erwiesen. Über die Aussagefähigkeit dieses Prüfverfahrens kommt es in der betrieblichen Praxis nach wie vor zu Diskussionen. In vorliegender Arbeit wird über Durchführung und Auswertung dieser Sonderform metallographischer Untersuchungen berichtet und die Anwendbarkeit an Beispielen aufgezeigt.
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  • 173
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 277-287 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Theoretical Foundations for the Application of Fracture Mechanics to Fibre Reinforced CompositesThis work gives a survey of the theoretical problems arising from the application of fracture mechanical concepts to fibre-reinforced composite materials.A classification of existing models into macro- and micromechanical is proposed, the derivation of essential equations outlined and some graphical illustrations of the resulting formulae are shown.
    Notes: Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die theoretischen Probleme, die sich bei der Anwendung bruchmechanischer Konzepte auf faserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe ergeben.Eine Einteilung der existierenden Modelle in macro- und micro-mechanische wird vorgeschlagen, die Herleitung der wichtigsten Gleichungen skizziert und graphische Illustrationen zu den resultierenden Formeln werden gezeigt.
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  • 174
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 175
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 315-323 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Mit Hilfe experimenteller und numerischer, sowie zeichnerischer Verfahren wurden Wege aufgezeigt, die Eigenspannungen bei Verbundkörpern unter Berücksichtigung des nichtlinearen elastoplastischen Material-Verhaltens zu berechnen bzw. zu konstruieren. Es besteht somit die Möglichkeit, das Verhalten der Verbundkörper vorauszubestimmen, insbesonders die Kennwerte der statischen und der dynamischen Beanspruchungen zu berechnen. Die erzielte gute Überein- stimmung von experimentellen und errechneten Werten der Verbundkörper aus Stahl- und Aluminiummaterial ist auf Verbundkombinationen mit anderen Materialien übertragbar. Weiterführungen der zeichnerischen Schnittgrößenermittlung könnten die Konstruktion des Spannungs-Dehnungs-Diagrammes eines Verbundkörpers zum Ziel haben. Hierbei ist von gleichen Überlegungen wie bei der Bestimmung des inneren Gleichgewichtes auszugehen.
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  • 176
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A75 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 177
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 46-49 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Gewichtsfunktionen und Spannungsintensitätsvergrößerungsfaktoren für elliptische und halbelliptische Fehler unter beliebiger Normalspannung - Teil IIOberflächenfehler unter Spitzenspannungen werden untersucht. Das Berechnungsverfahren basiert auf der allgemeinen Form der Gewichtsfunktion für einen elliptischen Fehler in einem unendlichen Körper. Zwei Punkte auf der Ellipsenkontur werden untersucht. Ein neues, für alle a/t-Werte gültiges Korrekturverfahren für die Übertragung vom eingebetteten auf den Oberflächenfehler wird vorgestellt. Gewichtsfunktionen für beide Punkte mit dem Halbachsenverhältnis a/c als Parameter werden gefunden. Im Falle des Endpunktes der kleineren Achse sind alle Gewichtsfunktionen durch eine Gleichung beschreibbar (Lambda-Funktion von Heuman). Die Spannungsintensitätsvergrößerungsfaktoren für verschiedene a/c-Werte des Oberflächenfehlers werden bei verschiedenen Spannungsverteilungen angegeben.
    Notes: Surface cracks under peak stresses are investigated. The calculational procedure is based on the general form of the weight function for an elliptical crack embedded in an infinite solid. Two points on the contour of the ellipse are investigated. A new correction procedure for transfer from the embedded crack to surface crack configurations is presented, which is valid for all a/t-values. Weight functions for both points have been found with the crack aspect ratio a/c as parameter. For the point at the end of the minor axis all weight functions for embedded cracks are describable by one equation only (using Heuman's lambda function). For various a/c-ratios of the surface crack under different stress distributions the stress intensity magnification factors are given.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A15 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 179
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 83-87 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren für schlanke OberflächenfehlerEs wird ein Berechnungsverfahren für zug- und biegebelastete Platten mit Oberflächenfehler von Halbachsenverhältnissen a/c ≤ 0,2 und verschiedenen relativen Fehlertiefen a/t vorgestellt. Hierbei wird ein weiterentwickeltes “Line-Spring”-Modell verwendet. Die K1-Werte werden entlang der Fehlerkontur berechnet.Die K1-Werte für den tiefsten Punkt eines Oberflächenfehlers werden durch zwei bekannte Grenzkurven eingehüllt: Die obere Grenzkurve ist identisch mit der Lösung für den Randriß (a/c = 0). Die untere Grenzkurve wird nach den Ergebnissen von Newman und Raju für a/c = 0,2 beschrieben. Die ermittelten K1-Werte korrespondieren gut mit beiden Kurven.Bei großen relativen Fehlertiefen a/t liegen die Maxima von K1 zwischen dem tiefsten Punkt Q′ und dem Oberflächendurchstoßpunkt Q″ des Fehlers. Dieses Ergebnis vermag neben anderen Gründen zu erklären, daß beim Wachstum von Oberflächenfehlern die halb-elliptische Form mitunter nicht erhalten bleibt.
    Notes: A calculation procedure for plates with semi-elliptical surface cracks under tension and bending with aspect ratios of a/c ≤ 0.2 and arbitrary relative crack depths a/t is presented. For the computation an improved line spring model is used. K1-values are calculated along the crack contour.For the deepest point of a surface crack the K1-values are terminated by two well known threshold curves: The upper bound curve is identical with the solution for the edge crack (a/c = 0). The lower bound is described by the results after Newman and Raju for a/c = 0.2. The present K1-values are in good agreement with both curves.For high a/t-ratios the maximum K1-value is found between the deepest and the surface edge point (Q′ and Q″) of the crack. This result could explain among others that crack growth does not conserve the semi-elliptical shape sometimes.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 107-107 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A18 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 182
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 183
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 386-393 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Applicability of Different Etching Methods for Metals - Comparing Investigation of Metallographic Etching ProceduresThe feasibility of different etching techniques in laboratory practice is mainly appointed by the reproducibility of the metallographic micro-structure, which is dependent on the etching method, the etching time and a practical handling of the etching procedure. Comparing investigations concerning the applicability of chemical, electrolytic and ionic etching methods for metals and alloys in electrotechnical industry - with the aim to estimate efficiency and reproducibility of the micro-structure resulting from the different techniques - have been done. Micro-structure estimation will be done by different methods of light-microscopy.In any case physical ion-etching turns out to be the less problematic etching method - in comparison with chemical and electrolytic techniques. Ion etching shows a good reproducibility and allows the simultaneous etching of different materials. The summarizing valuation of the different etching methods includes a list of optimum etching parameters for copper, brass copper-tin and copper-beryllium alloys.
    Notes: Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten unterschiedlicher Ätzverfahren in der Laborpraxis werden im wesentlichen bestimmt durch die Reproduziorbarkeit der ausgebildeten Gefügestrukturen - als Funktion einer bestimmten Ätzmethode, der Ätzzeit und der problemlosen Handhabung der Ätzprozedur. Zur Anwendbarkeit des chemischen und elektrolytischen Ätzens, sowie des Ionenätzens bei Metallen und Legierungen der Elektrotechnik wurden vergleichende Untersuchungen mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, eine Beurteilung von Güte und Reproduzierbarkeit der nach den verschiedenen Ätzprozessen entstandenen Gefügebilder zu ermöglichen.Die Abbildung der Gefügestrukturen geschieht mit Hilfe unterschiedlicher lichtmikroskopischer Beobachtungsverfahren.Das physikalische Ionenätzen erweist sich gegenüber chemischen und elektrolytischen Ätzverfahren in allen Fällen als die problemlosere Ätzmethode, die neben einer guten Reproduzierbarkeit zudem ein gleichzeitiges Ätzen unterschiedlicher Materialien in einem Werkstoff ermöglicht.Eine zusammenfassende Wertung der verschiedenen Ätzverfahren umfaßt die Angabe optimaler Ätzparameter für die Werkstoffe Kupfer, Messing, CuSn 8 und Kupfer-Beryllium.
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  • 184
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  • 185
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Particle Technology is a broad and multidisciplinary subject of great importance but diffuse in definition. In this paper a view is presented of the underlying science and its technological applications. In particular a structured subject is dependent upon characterization techniques from which predictions can be made. In this paper the interrelationship between macroscopic and microscopic characterization is discussed. The standardisation and development of the microscopic techniques, particle analysis, is identified as the key to the development of the whole subject.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 45-52 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Three general types of commercial particle sizing instruments have been tested with redispersed fly ash and devolatilised coal char in the size range 0.5 to 5 μm. Results are compared with volume-equivalent diameters obtained by Coulter Counter. Single-particle light-scattering counters are found to oversize fly ash, primarily because of the irregular particle shape, but generally to undersize the strongly absorbing char particles. The Malvern sizer, based on Fraunhofer diffraction analysis, grossly oversizes fly ash dispersed in water, probably because most of the particles are too small for the Fraunhofer approximation to be valid; results for carbon char are closer to the expected values, although results for particles dispersed in air and in water show some disagreement. The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer undersizes irregular particles substantially, probably because of increased drag resulting from the irregular shape and tumbling motion of these particles.
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 66-73 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Besides the knowledge of material constants of the homogeneous phases of a disperse system, a good understanding of its geometrical properties is necessary for describing physical processes. In order to characterize the shape of the interface between solids and pore space with respect to the irregularities in all orders of magnitude, the fractal dimension has proved to be an informative parameter. By this study the theory of fractal dimensions, in three-dimensional space originally limited to topological curves, surfaces and volumes, is extended into physical properties like specific surface, tortuosity, porosity and formation factor with “physical” dimensions -1 or 0 as an exponent of the unit of length. The typical properties of the true fractals are transferable to some of these derived parameters. This leads to power laws describing the dependence of the particular measure on the resolution length. With special models, which seem to be of widespread validity in nature, petrophysical considerations lead to further power laws for the rest of the physical parameters, dependent on discrete length parameters such as grain radius and pore radius. By determination of the exponents of such independent power laws, a better particle characterization is possible, as the fractal dimension of the surface alone may be misleading, especially when the grain size of the particles is not uniform.
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  • 188
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measured drop-size distributions are presented which were obtained by the atomization of water with hollow-cone nozzles. The drop-size distributions were determined using a scatteredlight particle size counting analyser at various locations in the droplet cone. These local distributions change systematically from the cone's axis to its border. To acquire the drop-size distribution of all the drops the local distributions have to be superimposed. The spatial mass flow distribution in the cone can be calculated from these measurements.
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 102-107 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this paper a new electrical conductivity technique for the measurement of bubble size and velocity is presented. This measuring system is able not only to estimate size and velocity of particles (bubbles and droplets in liquids) but also to give complete information on the space related motion of particles. Thus a significant improvement is achieved in the accuracy of measurement.By using the simultanous measurement of both: bubble sizes and volumetric hold up of the dispersed phase, one is able to calculate the local interfacial area. In the first part of this paper the measuring system, its properties and limits are illustrated. In the second part results obtained in a bubble column will be presented.
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Numerous unit operations in particle technology require that dry powders are fed into a system with as little fluctuation as possible in flow rate and velocity and that the powder is dispersed in flowing air. A feeding and dispersing system has been developed which allows mass throughputs between 0.1 and 20 kg/h. It has been used as a feeder unit for dry particle size analysis from diffraction patterns.
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Over the past few years, laser diffraction spectrometry has become a very important method of particle size analysis. Typical features include the large measuring range, the simplicity of operation and the speed with which analyses can be carried out. The principle of measurement and the set-up of three commerical instruments are described.The following points are discussed, with reference to examples:-Relevant parameters, such as particle shape, shape of distribution curve or dispersion, bution curve or dispersion,-reproducibility, comparison of the results obtained with different types of apparatus between one another and with other, analytical methods, and-on-line use of the instruments for the measurement of dynamic processes, eg. flocculation and dispersion processes.Operating experience gained with six instruments over a number of years is discussed.The measuring method which is described here is in a stage of rapid development and dissemination. It is for this reason that recent improvements and new developments cannot be dealt with here. For example, an apparatus named Helos from Sympatec GmbH, Remlingen, has appeared on the market. The external appearance of the instruments marketed by the Malvern and Leeds and Northrup companies has changed somewhat.The author's practical experience (in some instances extremely wide-ranging) with these devices is presented here in summary form.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 192
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 137-139 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Deactivated fused silica tubing ; Zero dead volume union ; Capillary column GC/MS interface ; Test mixture for non-polar columns ; Test mixture of phenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 193
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 144-146 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cyclopentolate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 194
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 165-166 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 195
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 185-190 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Mass spectrometry ; Dynamic headspace ; Deans switching ; Cold trap ; Reinjection ; Polymers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An experimental method for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in polymers is described. The technique involves dynamic headspace sampling, collection, and concentration of the volatiles in a cold trap, followed by capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectometry. Flow switching is carried out by the Deans switching technique. Four technical polymers used as pharmaceutical packaging materials have been analyzed in order to demonstrate the method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 196
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 196-202 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; LC/MS ; Mass spectrometry ; Field desorption ; Chemical ionization ; Gossypol ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conditions are reported for the reverse-phase HPLC analysis of gossypol and of some of its derivatives, including anhydrogossypol, gossypolone, gossypol hexaacetate, and Schiff's base derivatives. It is shown that field desorption (FD) and chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry have advantages over electron impact (EI) mass spectrometry for the characterization of these compounds and that combined high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), especially when used in the CI mode, is particularly effective.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 197
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 212-214 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; Solvent effect in GC ; Parts per trillion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 220-221 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Packed microbore capillaries ; Miniaturization of components ; Estimation of dead volumes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 199
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 227-228 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 245-251 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography ; Temperature programming ; Efficiency ; Resolution ; Solute mobility ; Threshold temperature ; Emergence temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The threshold temperature for solute mobility is defined as that temperature at which a solute band, which was initially cold trapped at the head of the column, begins moving through the column. It is shown that the separation of compounds by programmed temperature gas Chromatography (PTGC) occurs primarily at the head of the column as a result of differences in threshold temperatures. Additional column length beyoud that needed to trap the compounds improves resolution, primarily by delaying emergence (while maintaining the temperature and time spacing) thus allowing the column temperature to rise, the solute terminal velocities to increase, and narrower peak widths to be recorded. For maximum resolution in minimum analysis time, the initial temperature must be at or below the threshold temperature of the most volatile compound in the mixture to be separated.Three methods for determining threshold temperatures are presented.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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