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  • 1965-1969  (350)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (318)
  • Engineering General
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 893-900 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The main fragmentation sequences of glycollide and its homologues are initiated by fission of a CO—O bond, leading to the formation of fragment ions of low, m/e, such as [R1CO]+ and [CR1R2CCO]+. When a hydrogen atom is present on a ring carbon atom, 1,3 hydrogen migration occurs to produce [CHR2OH]+. In case where a ring carbon atom carries an alkylchain ≥ C2H5, a McLafferty rearrangement occurs with the adjacent carbonyl group. When both ring carbon atoms are dimethyl substituted, a 1,4 hydrogen migration must be invoked to account for the observed fragmentation sequence.
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  • 102
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 915-917 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 103
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 901-906 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cortisol is thermally unstable. It is easily decomposed by loss of ketence and water. The spectrum of the resulting 11β-hydroxy-Δ4-androsten-3,17-dion can be superimposed upon the spectrum of the undecomposed cortisol, which only can be obtained free of the decomposition product under carefully controlled conditions. The thermal degradation product can be eaisly detected by its molecular peak at mass 302 and a key fragment at mass 163, which are nearly absent in the spectrum of cortisol. Cortisol is therefore an excellent testing material for the quality of inlet systems.
    Notes: Cortisol ist thermisch instabil. Es zersetzt sich leicht unter Verlust von Keten und Wasser, Das Spektrum das entstehenden 11β-Hydroxy-Δ4-androsten-3,17-dions überlagert sich dem Cortisolspektrum, das man frei von Zerstezungsprodukt nur unter sorgfältiger Einhaltung der Aufnahmebedingungen erhält Das thermische Zersetzungsprodukt läßt sich leicht an seinem Molekül-Ion der Masse 302 und einem Schlüsselbruchstück der Masse 163 erkennen, die im Cortisolspektrum nahezu völlig fehlen, so daß Cortisol eine ausgezechnete Testsubstanz zur Qualitätsprüfung vonEinlass-Systemen darstellt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 104
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 947-952 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The trifluoroacetyl derivatives of alditols are convenient compounds for mass spectrometric investigation as they are easily obtainable and highly volatile. They show simple fragmentation patterns with intensive peaks in the high mass range. Trifluoroacetates of alditols may be used for detection and location of deoxy groups in the molecule.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 105
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 953-963 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of thirty sydnoes have been interpreted; the types investigated include 3-aryl, 3-alkyl-, substituted 3-alkylsydnones; and bis sydnones. A characteristic fragmentation mode involves initial loss of NO and CO from the molecular ion, but peaks corresponding to alkylcarbonium ions dominate the spectra of 3-alkylsydnones; a cyclic mechanism is suggested for weak transitions involving loss of sydnone neutral molecule from the molecular ion. A mechanism is proposed for loss of chlorine radical from the molecular ion of 3-(2,4-dichlorophenethyl)sydnone. An unusual feature in the mass spectrum of trimethylenebis sydnone is rationalised on the basis of a precursor 1,2,3-oxadiazole ion. The effect of substituents in the aryl ring on the fragmentation of 3-arylsydnones is discussed.
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  • 106
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1039-1039 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 107
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1042-1042 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 108
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 109
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 110
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1043-1048 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of aluminum isopropoxide show that polymers, [Al(OC3H7)3]x where x = 1 to 7, can be present in the vapor and are, therefore, probably present in the bulk sample. The polymeric composition of the vapor depends on the previous history of the sample. Exact mass measurements on many of the ions along with data on a number of metastable peaks support the proposed fragmentation mechanisms. Loss of 102 mass units between intense peaks in the mass range above 500 a.m.u. leads to the suggestion that the higher polymers may be used as high mass marking substances.
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  • 111
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1049-1060 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The composition of solid saturated hydrocarbons from slack-wax after reaction with urea has been investigated by electron-attachment (EA) mass spectrography with negative ions. From the spectra of the samples the content of paraffin hydrocarbons, monocyclic, dicyclic and other polycyclic naphthenes was calculated. The presence of n-paraffins up to C46, isoparaffins and cycloalkanes up to C52 has been confirmed. In the paraffin series the concentration of normal paraffin hydrocarbons containing one and two 13C atoms was determined. On the basis of the results obtained the constitution of the samples and the possible structures of the hydrocarbons were discussed. The results obtained have shown that the solid hydrocarbons which react with urea not only consist of one- or two-ring systems, but also of systems with up to five and six rings.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 112
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1067-1072 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper describes a direct appearance potential difference method, which is employed to determine, qualitatively, relative free radical stabilities. The method appears to be of general value since the starting materials (β-substituted N-ethylanilines) are relatively simple to prepare and because the dominant electron-impact reaction is the one which releases the free radical under investigation.
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  • 113
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1103-1115 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the alkyl cyanides up to n-pentyl cyanide were studied. Using metastablel ion transitions, appearance potentials and deuterium labelling, the fragmentation patterns, spectral characteristics and trends for this series can be given. The investigation of labelled compounds demonstrates the specificity of rearrangement and normal decomposition processes. Alkyl ions in nitriles are produced by simple cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond, while ions of the type [M -alkyl]+, which at the first sight could originate in the same way, are presumably formed via cyclic intermediates and are in fact rearrangement ions.Apart from the known γ and δ-hydrogen rearrangements, there is novel evidence for a β-hydrogen rearrangement via a five-membered ring transition state.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 114
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1073-1083 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on the quasi-equilibrium theory of mass spectra it is shown that the intensity ratio [A]+/[M]+, where [A]+ is a fragment ion and [M]+ is the molecular ion, is given by [A]+/[M]+ = f′ (k1/kt) ((1/f) - 1), where f is the fraction of molecular ions with insufficient energy to fragment, f′ is the fraction of [A]+ ions with insufficient energy to fragment, and k1/kt is the fraction of fragmenting molecular ions which form [A]+. For substituted acetophenones it is shown that f depends on the substituent present and that f′ k1/kt is also substituent dependent for formation of both [CH3CO]+ and [YC6H4CO]+. It is also shown that no direct information concerning the effect of a substituent on the rate of a particular fragmentation reaction can be obtained from intensity studies.The ionization potentials of the parent molecules and the appearance potentials of the [YC6H4CO]+ fragment ions have been measured for fifteen substituted acetophenones and the correlations with substituent constants are discussed.
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  • 115
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1117-1133 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The fragmentation behavior of derivatives of benzisothiazole-S-dioxide is discussed. A series of degradation processes typical for this class of compounds is observed whose relative importance, however, largely depends upon substituents present. Provided it is energetically favorable fragmentation of the substituents (frequently followed by expulsion of SO2) prevails, otherwise degradation of the heteroaromatic ring is observed (sometimes with rearrangements involving the SO2 group). No parallels between thermal and electron-impact induced rearrangements have been observed.
    Notes: Das Fragmentierungsverhalten von Derivaten des Benzisothiazol-S-dioxids wird diskutiert. Es läßt sich für die Verbindungsklasse eine Reihe von typischen Zerfallsreaktionen erkennen, deren relatives Gewicht jedoch stark von der Art der substitution abhängt. Soweit dies energetisch günstig ist, tritt bevorzugt Abbau des Substituenten (evtl. gefolgt von Verlust von SO2) auf, Anderenfalls Zerfall des heteroaromatischen Ringes. (u.U. erst nach Umlagerung im Bereich der SO2-Gruppe). parallelität zwischen thermischen und elektronenstoßinduzierten Umlagerungen wird nicht beobachtet.
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  • 116
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problem of ion structure and energy is discussed briefly and attention directed to the existence of two types of structural information. Studies of ion formation reactions bear on the initial structure of the ion, whereas decomposition reactions relate to the ion at a later time, after structural rearrangement has had chance to occur. The desirability of conducting both types of investigation concurrently is emphasized. Of the available experimental methods at this time, kinetic measurements for formation studies and metastablel ion relative abundances for decomposition studies have been utilized, although other techniques may eventually prove preferable in the future. The [M - Y] reaction of a series of substituted benzyl substrates XC6H4CH2Y, where Y = OC6H5 and H, has been examined, and the present results are compared with previous work on ion structure and energy in this area, with the aim of evaluating the potential of the newer techniques.
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  • 117
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1135-1140 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The negative ion mass spectra of highly fluorinated molecules with varying functionality are discussed. Attempts to obtain negative molecular ions where no positive molecular ion was observed met with little success. An interesting structural correlation for fluorinated ethers was developed based upon the observation of the abundant perfluoro alkoxide anions, CF3O- and CF3(CF2)2O-, in the negative ion mass spectrum.
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  • 118
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1171-1173 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 119
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a number of griseofulvin analogues have been examined and the fragmentations, which are characteristic of the basic skeleton of the molecule, have been determined. In all of the different structural types examined, the ring cleavages which predominate are found tol occur by fission of one or more of the bonds attached to the spiro carbon atom.The degree of unsaturation in the spiro-cyclohexane ring system is found to controll the type of fragmentation which occurs and the type of ring system which is present can therefore be identified by its mass spectrum.
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  • 120
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1141-1144 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Calculations have been carried out, using the Quasi-Equilibrium Theory of Mass Spectra to show that a decrease in penetration of the accelerating field intol the ion source of a mass spectrometer may significantly increase the number of primary daughter ions [A]+ produced from a molecular ion [M]+ in the source. The calculations show that this effect appears to be more important than the decay of [M]+ between source and collector in implementing an increase in [A]+/[M]+ at the collector with decreasing accelerator potential.
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  • 121
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1179-1179 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 122
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1175-1177 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 123
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1181-1182 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 124
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 125
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1215-1219 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The utility of photoplate recording of high resolution mass spectra for routine, accurate mass measurement is extended to mass 1700 (and probably beyond) by the use of evaporated silver bromide plates. Data illustrating the accuracy obtainable and the dynamic range are presented.
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  • 126
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1183-1199 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Original mass spectra of uracil and thymine derivatives are presented with the corresponding fragmentation schemes.In the first series of spectra, the fragmentations of thymine derivatives, including 14C-2-thymine, dimers, and bromo thymines, confirm the basic retro Diels-Alder mechanism.The second series includes dihydro 5,6-derivatives of uracil (hydroxy and bromo substituents). The behaviour of these molecules is quite different; they are more sensitive to the substituents and a part of the fragmentation is often explained by protonated molecular ions.
    Notes: Nous présentons und série de spectres de masse originaux, de dérivés de l'uracile et de la thymine, ainsi que les schémas de fragmentation correspondants.L'étude d'une première série de molécules, à caractère aromatique, dont une marquée au 14C, a permis de confirmeer le mécanisme de base de la fragmentation comme étant un ‘retro Diels Alder’.Une deuxième série, Saturée en positoin 5,6 du noyau, montre le caractère totalement différent de ces molécules, plus fragiles, plus sensibles à la nature des substituants et donnant un ion protoné [MH]+, responsable d'une partie des fragments observés.
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  • 127
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of 1,2-cyclohexene oxide and three deuterium labeled analogs are discussed and mechanistic rationalizations are given for the major fragmentation processes observed. Multiple mechanisms are required to explain the indicated peak shifts in the labeled analogs for many of these ions, thus demonstrating again the care that needs to be exercised in the interpretation of the mass spectra of relatively simple molecules.
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  • 128
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of six aziridinones (α-lactams) are presented. The six aziridinones exhibit the same general fragmentation pattern, the primary processes being loss of the N-t-butyl group, loss of carbon monoxide and loss of t-butyl isocyanate. Several additional rearrangement or fragmentation processes are observed with specific α-lactams.
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  • 129
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a number of the epimeric 1,2-dimethyl-4-alkyl-4-hydroxydecahydroquinolines (alkyl: C≡CH, CH=CH2, C2H5 and COCH3) have been studied. The configuration at C-2 and C-4 in these molecules is proposed on the basis of the data obtained. Some aspects of the fragmentation pathways under electron-impact are discussed.
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  • 130
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1265-1275 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of cinnoline and various alkyl derivatives, and their 1- and 2-mono-oxides and 1,2-dioxides and a quaternary salt have been investigated. The spectra are interpreted in the light of experiments with deutero and 15N labelled derivatives whose syntheses are described. The major fragmentation path for cinnoline is loss of nitrogen molecule while that for its homologues is loss of nitrogen plus a hydrogen atom in some instances. Various initial fragmentations occur with the N-oxides, and deoxygenation appears to be the dominant process; in both 4-methylcinnoline 1-oxide and 1,2-dioxide an important path is formation of a 3-methyl-anthranil cation by loss of HCN and HCNO respectively.
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  • 131
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-impact induced fragmentation of eight aziridinones has been studied by conventional as well as by high resolution mass spectrometry. All α-lactams exhibit a molecular ion. The major primary step, in the fragmentation, is the ejection of carbon monoxide from the molecular ion. Ions of the general formula R1—NC and R2R3C=O were found in the mass spectra of all α-lactams investigated. A skeletal rearrangement to rationalize these ions is proposed. The fragmentation of the molecular ion is affected by the N-substituent. Exact mass measurement and specific deuterium labeling indicate the absence of McLafferty rearrangement from either the N- or C-substituent.
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  • 132
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1339-1340 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 133
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 275-277 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 134
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 75-100 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents first a general formulation of the elasto-plastic matrix for evaluating stress increments from those of stresses for any yield surface with an associated flow rule. A new ‘initial stress’ computational process is proposed which is shown (1) to yield more rapid convergence than alternative approaches (2) to permit large load increments without violating the yield criteria and thus simply to establish lower bound solutions. Several solutions showing stress distribution, strain development and growth of plastic enclaves are given both for the von Mises and for Coulomb (Drucker) type yield surfaces. Load reversal and thermoplastic behaviour are dealt with.
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  • 135
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 135-149 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The assumed stress distribution approach is used to derive the stiffness matrix of a plate-bending element of general polygonal shape having any number of nodes. The effect of assuming various numbers of unknown coefficients in the stress distributions is examined and the convergence properties of the resulting elements compared with others derived form assumed displacements.
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  • 136
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 163-167 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Deformation functions which, in addition to satisfying the continuity conditions at nodes. Also satisfy. Approximately, the governing differential equation within the element allow system eigenvalues to be found more accurately, with a given number of elements, than is possible with previously published deformation functions. This is illustrated for the case of beams.
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  • 137
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 169-175 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method for obtaining the Green's functions for Laplace's, Poisson's, and the transient heat diffusion equations is presented. The Green's functions thus obtained are then employed to rapidly obtain numerical solutions of the above equations by matrix multiplication, with subsequent considerable savings in machine time.
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  • 138
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 151-162 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The direct Finite Element Analysis which was successfully employed in the solution of dynamic flexural traveling wave problems is extended herein to provide the transient behaviour of finite beams and plates in which shear deformation and rotatory inertia are considered. The particle and angular velocities are exponentially damped so that the static solutions for these problems are obtained with the same analysis which provided the dynamic and transient cases. Three special cases are chosen as examples. In the first, a sinusoidally varying shear force is applied at the tip of a cantilever beam. The resonant characteristics of this beam for both the undamped and damped cases are studied. In the second, a step shear loading is applied to a cantilever beam and its damped dynamic history is studied. Finally, a circular plate whose outer edge is simply supported is impacted at its inner edge by a step moment and its damped transient behaviour is determined. The idea of the methods is potentially applicable to dynamic problems in general.
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  • 139
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 177-180 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solution of the large numbers of non-linear algebraic equations occurring in analyses of non-linear structural systems using finite differences or finite elements is time consuming even for the fastest computers. This paper presents a method of solution based on a Taylor's expansion technique which is an aid in the solution of such systems of equations.Examples presented show that in the finite element analysis of moderately non-linear structural systems the technique provides sufficiently accurate solutions. For more non-linear systems the technique provides excellent starting values for the Newton-Raphson method.
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  • 140
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 201-203 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 141
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 181-200 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Surface displacements at the end of a semi-infinite, circular cylinder due to an axisymmetric ring of forces on the end are examined. The solution which has been found may then be used to find surface displacements for general axisymmetric loadings by convolution. The solution, in tabular form, is given as corrections to the counter-part half-space solution.The method of solution involves a three step superposition process. First, the displacement due to a ring of forces on a half-space is found by using the Boussinesq solution. Then, the excess tractions on the half-space, over that of the cylinder, are removed. This is done in two parts. The problem of an infinite cylinder with linearly varying pressure and shear over a short length of the lateral surface is solved by using Fourier integrals. This is used for the removal of the pressure and shear on the lateral surface of the cylinder by convolution. Next, the stresses at the mid-section of the infinite cylinder are removed. This is done by finding a set of boundary conditions for the end which yields zero tractions on the lateral surface. Then a series of these boundary conditions is used to approximate the tractions which must be removed.With the solution thus obtained, two sample problems are shown: 1. an elastic cylinder in contact with a half-space; 2. a rigid punch in contact with an elastic cylinder.
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  • 142
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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  • 143
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 205-221 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a general theory of finite elements. The concept of finite elements is cast in a general topological framework valid for spaces of finite dimension. It is shown that the idea of finite element models can be developed in higher-dimensional spaces, independent of specific co-ordinate systems, for any type of continuous abstract function defined on the space. Generalizations of the familiar Lagrange and Hermite interpolation functions are presented as well as a general statement of the notion of generalized variables and conjugate fields. It is also shown that admissible finite elements can be developed for non-Euclidean spaces of finite dimension. Topological properties of finite element models are examined in Part I of the paper. Part II is devoted to certain applications.
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  • 144
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 224-224 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 145
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 247-259 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In Part I of the this paper, topological properties of finite element models of functions defined on spaces of finite dimension were examined. In this part, a number of applications of the general theory are presented. These include the generation of finite element models in the time domain and certain problems in wave propagation, kinetic theory of gases, non-linear partial differential equations, non-linear continuum mechanics, and fluid dynamics.
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  • 146
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 225-245 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is presented based on matrix algebra for the dynamic analysis of a mixed rotating and non-rotating vibration system. Such systems occur in practice when turbo-alternator sets are mounted on flexible steel foundations.The mathematical model considered consists of a rotating non-uniform, bi-symmetric shaft connected via three or more flexible-film bearings to a flexible structure throughout which mass is distributed. The shaft, which is assumed to rotate at constant speed, is heavy, flexible and carries several rigid axi-symmetric discs. Viscous damping is assumed to act in all parts of the system and gravitational effects are ignored.
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  • 147
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1 (1969), S. 261-274 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A presentation is made of a rectangular plate bending element, the use of which corresponds to the finite difference method. The element stiffness matrix is arrived at by approximation of the strain energy of the element by suitably selected finite difference expressions which contain not only values in respect of the deflection, but also values of its first derivatives. On the basis of the connection found between the two methods, some changes are suggested in the finite difference method, which involve a more realistic way of considering the detailed distribution of the loading. The effect of these modifications is illustrated in two applications.
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  • 148
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 149
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 1-1 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 150
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 2-2 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 151
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 3-9 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 19F and 31P decoupling experiments are used to simplify the proton spectra of para-substituted derivatives of triphenyl phosphine, prior to 1H-{1H} tickling experiments. 3J(31P…H) and 4J(31P…H) are positive, and 5J(31P…19F) is negative in the trivalent phosphorus derivatives, and all become more positive as the valency of the phosphorus atom is increased. A triple resonance experiment is used to show that 7J(31P…H) in [p-CH3C6H4CH2P⊕(C6H5)3] is negative. The double resonance technique is used to relate the 31P chemical shifts to the tetramethylsilane resonant frequency.
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  • 152
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 220 MHz 1H spectra of isoverbanone, nopinone and verbanone are reported.The spectra of the first two are completely assigned but that of verbanone only partially. The coupling constants obtained provide information about the conformation of these molecules. The isoverbanone molecule is almost Y shaped, but that of nopinone is between a Y shape and a half-chair conformation with the six membered ring bent away form the gem dimethyl groups. These conformations are consistent with the known steric interactions in these molecules.
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  • 153
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mixtures of the stereoisomeric 2,3-, 2,4- and 3,4-dimethylpiperidines have been prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding lutidines and the isomers have been separated by fractional distillation. Configurational assignments are made on the basis of the corresponding 100 and 220 MHz NMR spectra. In most cases an almost complete assignment of all protons, in the piperidine ring, was possible.
    Notes: Die Gemische der stereoisomeren 2,3-, 2,4- und 3, 4-Dimethylpiperidine warden durch katalytische Hydrierung der entsprechenden Lutidine dargestellt. Die einzelnen Isomeren warden durch fraktionierte Destillation getrennt. Die Konfigurationsaufklärung erfolgt kernresonanzspektroskopisch durch Analyse der 100 und 220 MHz NMR Spektren. Es gelingt eine weitgehende Zuordnung aller Protonen des Piperidinringes.
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  • 154
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The signs of the phosphorus-proton coupling constants in various allenic organophosphorus compounds have been determined by either analysis of the AB2X spectra or double resonance. Probable absolute signs have been obtained by taking 3J(P—H) as positive.In allenic phosphine oxides, the following signs are obtained: 2J(P—H) +ve, 3J(P—H) +ve, 4J(P—H) -ve, 5J(P—H) +ve and the 4J(P—H) coupling constant varies mostly with the inductive effect of the substituents bound to the phosphorus atom.In allenic phosphines, these sings are: 2J(P—H) +ve, 3J(P—H) +ve, 4J(P—H) -ve and +ve and the 4J(P—H) coupling constant varies with both the inductive and resonance effects to the substituents. This coupling constant is negative except when the phosphorus atom is bound to groups which are electron-donating by resonance effects.These results are discussed in relation to the pπ—dπ bonding in phosphine.
    Notes: Les signes des constantes de couplage phosphore-proton dans les dérivés alléniques du phosphore ont été déterminés soit par analyse des spectres de type AB2X, soit par Double Résonance, et les signes absolus probables ont été obtenus en supposant que 3J(P—H) est toujours positif.Dans les oxydes de phosphines alléniques, les signes sont les suivants: 2J(P—H) +, 3J(P—H) +, 4J(P—H) -, 5J(P—H) + et 4J(P—H) dépend principalement des effets inducteurs des radicaux liés au phosphore.Dans les phosphines alléniques, les signes sont: 2J(P—H) +, 3J(P—H) +, 4J(P—H) - et + et 4J(P—H) dépend à la fois des effets inducteurs et de résonance des radicaux liés au phosphore: ce couplage, normalement négatif, deviant positif lorsque le phosphore porte des substituants donneurs par effet de résonance.Ces résultats sont interprétés par l'existence d'une liaison pπ—dπ dans les phosphines.
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  • 155
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ΔH
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  • 156
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Radical anions and cations have been prepared by the reduction of the title compounds or their diprotonated derivatives. The same radical ions have been observed by oxidation of the dihydro derivatives. Electron spin resonance hyperfine splitting constants have been assigned on the basis of Hückel and McLachlan calculations and selective substitutions. The hyperfine splitting by the bridging hydrogen atoms in the radical anions was much weaker (0·5 to 0·7 gauss) than for the corresponding radical cations (2 to 3 gauss) for the naphthacene, anthracene, and naphthalene dihydrotetrones. This is interpreted to be a result of orbital symmetry since, in the highest occupied MO for the anion but not for the cation, a nodal plane passes through the bridging hydrogen atom.
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  • 157
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 190-190 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 158
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 203-208 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Detailed interpretations of the spectra of four of the possible isomeric cyclopentadiene trimers are given. It is shown that the geometry of the ring fusion can be determined by measuring the chemical shifts of the bridge protons and of the allylic proton on the cyclopentene ring 3a-H.
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  • 159
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 191-202 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The accuracy of several methods for deuterium content determination in organic molecules are tabulated. The sample-substitution (using one or two NMR sample tubes) and internal standard (inter- or intra-molecular) processes are discussed and compared. These methods are applied to some examples and the NMR results are confirmed by mass spectrometry.
    Notes: Les précisions de différentes méthodes de détermination du taux de deutériation de molécules organiques par RMN sont évaluées. On compare successivement les méthodes de changement de tube-échantillon et les méthodes utilisant un étalon interne. Ces méthodes sont ensuite appliquées au dosage du deutérium dans plusieurs molécules et les résultats sont comparés à des mesures de spectrographie de masse.
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  • 160
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 239-247 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton magnetic resonance chemical shifts and coupling constants for a series of 2-substituted-5-nitropyridines and 2-substituted-3-nitropyridines, both in the free base and protonated forms, are reported. The substituents were chloro, bromo, iodo, and hydroxyl. The effect of the substituents on the chemical shifts are substantial but not unusual. The coupling constants are less sensitive to the nature of the substituent and are perturbed only slightly when the ring nitrogen is protonated. This latter observation is consistent with the results of LCAO-MO calculations.
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  • 161
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  • 162
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 345-349 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to determine the effect of a single methyl group on the chemical shifts of protons in a cyclohexane ring, methylcyclohexane-1,2,3,3,5,5,-d6 has been synthesized. The protons in the 4-position and the 2,6-equatorial protons are not significantly different from those in ring-frozen cyclohexane. The 2,6-axial protons, however, experience an up-field shift of about 15 Hz from the position of the other axial protons. These observations are discussed in terms of the structure of methylcyclohexane.
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  • 163
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The proton magnetic resonance spectrum of acetyl-cyclobutadiene-irontricarbonyl has been measured including all observable 13C—H-coupling constants. The couplings are assigned and discussed with respect to structure and bonding properties of the molecule. The results exclude the structure of a cyclic conjugated diene with alternating double and single bonds.
    Notes: Das Protonenresonanz-Spektrum des Acetyl-cyclobutadien-eisentricarbonyls wurde einschließlich aller beobachtbaren 13C—H-Kopplungskonstanten vermessen. Die Kopplungen warden zugeordnet und im Hinblick auf Molekülstruktur und Bindungsverhältnisse diskutiert. Auf Grund der Messungen kann die Struktur eines cyclisch-konjugierten Diens mit alternierenden Doppel- und Eingachbindungen ausgeschlossen warden.
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  • 164
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 375-388 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (F-NMR) has been used to determine dissociation constants for multipolar complexes formed by several p-substituted fluorobenzenes in CCl4 and cyclohexane at 25°. Data in CCl4 were also obtained at -20°. The results are interpreted in simplified terms as dipole-dipole interactions which lead to a complex of net zero dipole moment. Although the dissociation constants are not of high accuracy, the values obtained do indicate that both polarity and steric effects are important in the presumed multipolar complexes.
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  • 165
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The NMR spectral parameters for some bromo- and iodo-substituted fluorobenzenes are presented, and the derived meta- and para- fluorine-fluorine couplings are shown to be in accord with the predictions made by Abraham et al., using an additive substituent constant scheme. While the approximation of additive substituent effects is quite good, it is shown, however, that with highly accurate experimental values there are small deviations from perfect additivity. The existence of a large solvent effect on 3JFF is demonstrated and the mechanism of this effect is discussed. It is emphasized that certain discrepancies in the literature between various values of the same 3JFF may be due to this large, hitherto unrecognized solvent dependence.
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  • 166
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 389-399 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: PMR spectra of substituted 4-piperidones in base and salt forms in D2O, water and other solvents are reported, and spectral characteristics interpreted in terms of equilibria between free ketone and 4,4-dideuteroxy (or hydroxy) forms. It is shown that 1-mono and 1,3-disubstituted-4-piperidones exist extensively as the corresponding dideuteroxy (or hydrated) species in D2O (or H2O) provided the ring nitrogen atom is positively charged, and that 3-substituents decrease the population of these forms. The facile D/H exchange of α-protons in the piperidone bases is also demonstrated.
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  • 167
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 401-404 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: NMR solvent effects induced by aromatic solvents on some 1,4-dioxanes, 1,3-dioxolanes and on some sulphur analogue derivatives are reported. The shielding effect of the aromatic solvents is examined in respect to the structure of the solute.
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  • 168
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  • 169
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 417-417 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 170
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 405-414 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed study has been made on the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of 5,6-dicarboxy-2-norbornene derivatives, whose chemical shifts and geminal, vicinal and long-range spin-spin coupling constants were determined. Each signal of the spectra of these derivatives shows a slight low-field shifts compared with norbornene itself. In the case of five methyl esters studied in this work, the signal of the 7s-proton remains at approximately the same position in all the compounds, but that of the 7a-proton is more variable. For the chemical shifts of the 7a-proton of the five methyl esters, an additive rule seems to hold: that the magnitude of the low-field shift, from the 7a-signal of norbornene itself, is obtained by adding each of the effects of the carboxyl and the carbomethoxy groups substituted at the endo-5-(or 6-) or the exo-5-(or 6-) positions of the norbornene ring. In most of the derivatives considered in this work, the spin-spin coupling constants, except those between bridgehead and bridged methylene protons, are about 1 to 2 Hz smaller than those of many other norbornene derivatives already studied. This fact seems to suggest that norbornenes, which have two bulky adjacent substituents at 5- and 6-positions, may suffer distortions in the norbornene ring.
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  • 171
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 418-421 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 172
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 422-424 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 173
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 174
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 425-430 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The NMR spectra of N-substituted 2,6-dimethylmorpholines after separation into cis- and trans-isomers by VPC have been investigated. The spectral parameters (chemical shift and coupling constants) are evaluated by a mathematical analysis. The spectra of the cis-compounds show some special features so far unexplainable. The difference of the chemical shift of the protons in 3-position of the cis-isomers depends strongly on the nature of the N-substituent.
    Notes: Die NMR-Spektren von am N substituirten 2.6-Dimethylmorpholinen warden nach gaschromatographischer Trennung der Stereoisomren aufgenommen. Die spektralen Parameter warden daraus durch eine mathematische Analyse erthakten. Auf bisher ungklärte Besonderheiten der Spektren der cis-Isomeren wird hingewiesen. Die Differenz der chemischen Verschiebung der 3-ständigen Protonen der cis-Isomeren erweist sich stark von dem N-Substituenten abhängig.
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  • 175
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 431-433 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5-Deutero-1-methylpyrazole was synthesised and used to assign multiplets in the PMR spectrum of 1-methylpyrazole.
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  • 176
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 253-256 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 177
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 249-252 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 178
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 179
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 257-260 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 180
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 273-281 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analysis of the mass spectra of ortho, meta and para isomers of monoalkylanisoles and monoalkylphenols, the alkyls being n-amyl, n-octyl and n-undecyl, has been performed. The regularities found allow determination of the structure of such compounds by inspection of the mass spectrum only. It was shown that Hammett's equation may be used for evaluating a ration of intensities of peaks originating formally from the simple β-cleavage and that accompanied by hydrogen migration of the resulting fragment ions.
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  • 181
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 335-335 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 182
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 183
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 337-345 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cracking patterns of twenty five toluene-p-sulphonamides have been studied. In certain cases an abundant [M — SO2] ion is detected: the structural features associated with this phenomenon are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 184
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dependence of the cleavage of some cis/trans-isomers in the terpenoid and steroid series on the energy of the ionizing electrons have been studied.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 185
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 355-365 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of five benzotriazinone derivatives are reported and the fragmentation mechanisms are discussed. That the first loss of 28 mass units is a nitrogen molecule appears to be characteristic of the molecules.
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  • 186
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 367-373 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of dunnione (II) from 2-hydroxynaphtha-1,4-quinone has been improved and used to prepare three deuteriated analogues. The mass spectra of these compounds and of the products of their reductive acetylation and deuterioacetylation have been measured and used to interpret the mass spectrum of atrovenetin.
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  • 187
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 375-386 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The distribution of doubly charged ions found in the mass spectra of various N, N′-alkyl substituted phenylenediamines is compared to that of their singly charged counterparts. Structural and electronic requirements for the resonance stabilization of doubly charged organic ions are suggested and it is shown that doubly charged ions could be used to differentiate between certain structural isomers which give practically identical singly charged ions. The doubly charged ions were distinguished from singly charged ions of the same integral m/e value by high resolution techniques.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 188
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 387-399 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The positive-ion mass spectra of the following organonitrogen derivatives of metal carbonyls are discussed: (i) The compounds NC5H4CH2Fe(CO)2C5H5, NC5H4CH2COMo(CO)2C5H5, NC5H4CH2W(CO)3C5H5, NC5H4CH2COMn(CO)4, C5H10NCH2CH2Fe(CO)2C5H5, (CH3)2NCH2CH2COFeCOC5H5 and (CH3)2NCH2CH2COMn(CO)4 obtained from metal carbonyl anions and haloalkylamines, (ii) The isocyanate derivative C5H5Mo(CO)3CH2NCO; (iii) The arylazomolybdenum derivatives RN2Mo(CO)2C5H5 (R = phenyl, p-tolyl, or p-anisyl); (iv) The compound (C6H5N)2COFe2(CO)6 obtained from Fe3(CO)12 and phenyl isocyanate; (v) The N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine complex (CH3)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)2W(CO)4. Further examples of eliminations of hydrogen, CO, and C2H2 fragments were noted. In addition evidence for the following more unusual processes was obtained: (i) Elimination of HCN fragments from the ions [NC5H4CH2MC5H5]+ to give the ions [(C5H5)2M]+ (M = Fe, Mo and W); (ii) Conversion of C5H5Mo(CO)3CH2NCO to C5H5Mo(CO)2CH2NCO within the mass spectrometer; (iii) Elimination of N2 from [RN2MoC5H5]+ to give [RMoC5H5]+; (iv) Novel eliminations of HNCO, FeNCO, and C6H5NC fragments in the mass spectrum of (C6H5N)2COFe2(CO)6; (v) Facile dehydrogenation of the N,N,N′,-N′-tetramethylethylenediamine ligand in the complex (CH3)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)2W(CO)4.
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  • 189
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The positive ion mass spectra of the transition metal organometallic halide derivatives C5H5M(CO)3Cl(M = Mo or W), C7H7W(CO)2I, C3H5Fe(CO)3I, [C3H5PdCl]2, and [C5H5Mo(NO)I2]2 have been investigated. Further examples of the elimination of CO and C2H2 fragments were noted. In addition the following effects of particular interest were observed:(i) Evidence in the mass spectra of the chlorides for reactions with adventitious iodine and even bromine present in the mass spectrometer; (ii) Evidence for conversion of the compounds C5H5Mo(CO)3X to the new halides [C5H5Mo(CO)X]2 upon pyrolysis; (iii) Evidence for facile losses of the π-allyl group, the iodine atom, and methyl iodide in the mass spectrum of the π-allyl derivative C3H5Fe(CO)3I; (iv) Evidence for loss of iodine upon introducing [C5H5Mo(NO)I2]2 into the mass spectrometer to give ions derived from [C5H5Mo(NO)I]2.
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  • 190
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The field ionization mass spectra of a series of nucleosides are reported, and compared with spectra obtained by conventional electron-impact ionization. The latter are complex, with structurally significant molecular ion and sugar cleavage peaks often of low intensity or completely absent. In contrast, the field ion spectra are extremely simple, with all except guanosine (highest mass peak [M  -  18]) showing intense molecular ion peaks, and the characteristic sugar (S) and base (B + H) cleavage products as the only other important fragments.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 533-539 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The behavior of the even-electron mass 150 ions, (presumably nitrobenzoyl cations) generated by simple α-cleavage of m- and p-nitrobenzoic acid derivatives, undergo two competing secondary fragmentations to yield odd-electron ions by the expulsion of NO and NO2. Expulsion of NO from the mass 150 ions from p-nitro compounds is far greater than expulsion of NO from those generated from m-nitro compounds. In addition, the behavior of the even-electron mass 136 ions, generated from m- and p-nitrobenzyl compounds, was compared to that of the mass 150 ions and they were found to decompose in a similar fashion. From our results we conclude that the decomposing mass 136 ions produced from either the m- or p-nitrobenzyl compounds, or both, do not have the nitropylium structure; our data are more consistent with the decomposing ions having nitrobenzyl structures.
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  • 192
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 547-548 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deuterium labelling has been utilised to elucidate the mechanism by which a molecule of water is eliminated from a heterocyclic nitro compound under electron-impact.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 193
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 541-546 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aliphatic compounds with polarized double bonds (I) suffer in the mass spectrometer preferentially cleavage of C—C bonds in β,γ-position to the functional group. The hetero-atom containing fragment produced in this manner must be formulated with a conjugated double bond (IV). It is the result of a reciprocal hydrogen rearrangement (I → II → III → IV). Deuterium labelling, high resolution and metastable ions indicate that this ion (IV) can be degradated further by McLafferty rearrangement.
    Notes: Aliphaten mit polarisierten Doppelbindungen (I) zeigen bei Elektronenbeschuß im Massenspektrometer häufig eine vorzugsweise Spaltung einer zur funktionellen Gruppe β,γ-ständigen C—C Bindung. Das dadurch Entstehende heteroatomhalitige Fragment ist mit einer konjugierten Doppelbindung als (IV) zu formulieren. Es entsteht im Zuge einer doppelten Wasserstoffumlagerung (I)→(II)→(III)→(IV). Deuteriummarkierung, Hochauflösung und metastbile Ionen beweisen, daß dieses Ion (IV) durch McLafferty-Umlagerung weiter abgebaut werden kann.
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  • 194
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 549-550 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 195
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 551-551 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 196
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 552-553 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 197
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 198
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 553-565 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eleven isomeric octenes were converted to the corresponding dideuterio derivatives and the mass spectra recorded. The cracking patterns of the various dideuterioctanes are unique and the distribution of peaks representing the higher molecular weight ions can be predicted using a simple fragmentation model. The application of this technique to the determination of the position of the double bond in olefins of known carbon skeleton is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 199
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of 1,2-cyclohexanediol and important data from the spectra of four deuterium labeled analogs have been recorded and mechanistic rationalizations are given for the most important degradation processes observed. Multiple mechanisms are required to explain the indicated peak shifts in the labeled analogs. Particularly relevant is the initial loss of water from the molecular ion, which involves at least four distinct processes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 200
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of five aryl (I to V) and four alkylsulfonylthioureas (VI toIX) have been recorded and mechanistic rationalizations are suggested for their principal fragmentation processes. The aryl analogs exhibited peaks in their mass spectra corresponding to skeletal rearrangements with elimination of SO2 from their molecular ions but this fragmentation was absent in those alkylsulfonylthioureas (VI to IX) examined.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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