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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: A solution generating technique is developed for $D=5$ minimal supergravity with two commuting Killing vectors based on the $G_2$ U-duality arising in the reduction of the theory to three dimensions. The target space of the corresponding 3-dimensional sigma-model is the coset $G_{2(2)}/(SL(2,R)\times SL(2,R))$. Its isometries constitute the set of solution generating symmetries. These include two electric and two magnetic Harrison transformations with the corresponding two pairs of gauge transformations, three $SL(2,R) \; S$-duality transformations, and the three gravitational scale, gauge and Ehlers transformations (altogether 14). We construct a representation of the coset in terms of $7\times 7$ matrices realizing the automorphisms of split octonions. Generating a new solution amounts to transforming the coset matrices by one-parametric subgroups of $G_{2(2)}$ and subsequently solving the dualization equations. Using this formalism we derive a new charged black ring solution with two independent parameters of rotation.
    Keywords: ddc:530
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/postscript
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Boston :Birkhäuser,
    Title: Sampling, wavelets, and tomography /
    Contributer: Benedetto, John , Zayed, Ahmed I.
    Publisher: Boston :Birkhäuser,
    Year of publication: 2003
    Pages: p. cm
    Series Statement: Applied and computational harmonic analysis
    ISBN: 0-8176-4304-4 , 3-7643-4304-4
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: English
    Keywords: Hamonic analysis ; Wavelets (Mathematics) ; Fourier analysis ; Sampling (Statistics) ; Tomography
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of computational analysis and applications 2 (2000), S. 333-371 
    ISSN: 1572-9206
    Keywords: sampling theorem ; Cauchy's integral formula ; Poisson's summation formula ; Fourier analysis ; complex analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract First we show that several fundamental results on functions from theBernstein spaces $$B_\sigma ^p $$ (such as Bernstein's inequality andthe reproducing formula) can be deduced from a weak form of the classicalsampling theorem. In §3 we discuss the mutual equivalence of thesampling theorem, the derivative sampling theorem and a harmonic functionsampling theorem. In §§4–6 we discuss connections between thesampling theorem and various important results in complex analysis andFourier analysis. Our considerations include Cauchy's integral formula,Poisson's summation formula, a Gaussian integral, certain properties ofweighted Hermite polynomials, Plancherel's theorem, the maximum modulusprinciple, and the Phragmén–Lindelöf principle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 101 (2000), S. 233-246 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: binocular vision ; Fourier analysis ; strabismus ; temporal frequency ; visual evoked potential (VEP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this work was to study the second harmonic in the steady state pattern visual evoked potential (ssVEP) to various stimulus frequencies in subjects with normal and defective binocularity. ssVEPs were elicited by 4 c/deg sinusoidal gratings, with temporal frequencies ranging from 5 to 20 Hz (exp. 1) and 15 to 27.5 Hz (exp. 2). Responses were Fourier analysed and power and phase of the second harmonic to stimulus frequency were measured. For power, binocular enhancement in a bimodal fashion was found both in normals and in subjects with defective binocularity. The power with binocular stimulation was significantly higher in the normal group in the high frequency domain. Latency, estimated from the phase-frequency function, was longer in the group with defective binocularity, but this was statistically significant only for the high frequency domain. The results suggest that a visual system with normal binocular function can follow a stimulus with high temporal frequency more accurately than a system with disturbed binocularity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 558-561 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Hydrodynamic simulation ; Pulse duplicator ; Cardiovascular system ; Atrial fibrillation ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Heart valve replacements are often associated with cardiac pathologies, but valvular prostheses are still tested in vitro under the same physiological conditions as for a healthy young man. Therefore a new mock circulatory system of the left heart, the dual activation simulator (DAS), has been built. The DAS allows atrial and ventricular dynamics to be controlled with pumps that activate anatomically shaped silicon models of the cavities. The mitral flow is a two-peak waveform. The E/A ratio can be changed, and the A-wave can be suppressed to simulate, for instance, atrial fibrillation. The cardiac rhythm and the mean flow-rate can be changed at will. The ability of the DAS to reproduce physiological flow is assessed by computation of the aortic input impedance and by harmonic analysis of left ventricular and atrial pressures. It allows the behaviour of valve prostheses to be studied in various conditions of concern to clinicians and can be a useful tool for engineers to improve valve prostheses or validate diagnostic tools such as 3D colour Doppler. The DAS and its capacities are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 127 (1999), S. 43-53 
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Keywords: Key words: Homogeneous trees ; Fourier analysis ; wave equation ; 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 43A85 ; 35L05; 39A12
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract.  Let ? be a homogeneous tree, ℒbe the Laplace operator of ?, and b be the bottom of its L 2 spectrum. Let u be a solution of the (modified) wave equation on ?. Using Fourier analysis on ? we show that the energy of u is asymptotically divided into equal potential and kinetic parts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of combinatorics 3 (1999), S. 13-25 
    ISSN: 0219-3094
    Keywords: 60C05 ; 60G99 ; algebraic enumeration ; binary sequences ; set partitions into even-size blocks ; restricted set partitions ; finite residue classes modulo three ; moment ; centered moment ; cumulant ; bounds ; Fourier analysis ; Möbius inversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A probability set function is interpretable as a probability distribution on binary sequences of fixed length. Cumulants of probability set functions enjoy particularly simple properties which make them more manageable than cumulants of general random variables. We derive some identities satisfied by cumulants of probability set functions which we believe to be new. Probability set functions may be expanded in terms of their cumulants. We derive an expansion which allows the construction of examples of probability set functions whose cumulants are arbitrary, restricted only by their absolute values. It is known that this phenomenon cannot occur for continuous probability distributions. Some particular examples of probability set functions are considered, and their cumulants are computed, leading to a conjecture on the upper bound of the values of cumulants. Moments of probability set functions determined by arithmetical conditions are computed in a final example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 27 (1999), S. 23-43 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacodynamics ; indirect response models ; chronobiology ; cortisol ; fluticasone propionate ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Six mathematical functions to describe the chronobiology of cortisol concentrations were assessed. Mean data from a dose-proportionality study of inhaled fluticasone propionate were fitted with an indirect response model using various biorhythmic functions (single cosine, dual ramps, dual zero-order, dual cosines, and Fourier series with 2 and n-harmonics) for production rate. Data with known parameters and random variation were also generated and fitted using the ADAPT II program. Fitted parameters, model estimation criteria, and runs tests were compared. Models with preassigned functions: the dual ramps, the dual zero-order and the dual cosines provide maximum and minimum times for cortisol release rate, were suitable for describing asymmetric circadian patterns and yielding IC50 values. Fourier analysis differs from the other methods in that it uses the placebo data to recover equations for cortisol secretion rate rather than by postulation. Nonlinear regression for Fourier analysis, instead of the L 2 -norm method, was useful to characterize the baseline cortisol data but was restricted to a maximum of two harmonics. Apart from the single cosine function, which predicts symmetrical cortisol concentrations, all methods were satisfactory in describing the baseline and suppressed cortisol concentrations. On the other hand, Fourier series with L 2 -norm produced the best unbiased estimate for baseline patterns. The Fourier method is flexible, accurate, and can be extended to other drug-induced changes in normal periodic rhythms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 7 (1999), S. 139-150 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words groundwater hydraulics ; transport system ; flow system ; Fourier analysis ; dispersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'analyse des hydrosystèmes souterrains est basée sur le concept de systèmes hiérarchiques d'écoulement souterrain. La topographie de la surface piézométrique, qui est étroitement liée à celle de la surface du sol, est le facteur principal de l'emboîtement hiérarchique des écoulements souterrains, gouvernés par la gravité, ce qui fait apparaître des systèmes d'écoulement de différentes échelles en étendue et en profondeur de pénétration. Le concept de système d'écoulement est extrêmement utile pour analyser les échelles spatiales et temporelles et leurs relations mutuelles. Les équations de base correspondant à l'échelle du laboratoire sont étendues à des échelles régionales, plus vastes. L'utilisation de la méthode de Fourier met mieux en valeur l'idée originale de Tóth de systèmes d'écoulement commandés par la topographie. De cette façon, les différentes échelles spatiales de la nappe sont séparées naturellement, en donnant une expression simple pour la profondeur de pénétration du système d'écoulement souterrain. Cette décomposition fournit aussi la relation entre les échelles spatiale et temporelle. Dans une approche analogue à celle des systèmes d'écoulement, des masses d'eaux de qualités différentes peuvent être appelées "systèmes de transport". Des études de terrain, une modélisation numérique à micro-échelle sur des domaines à macro-échelle et la théorie de la dispersion stochastique indiquent qu'entre des systèmes soumis à un transport en régime permanent, les interfaces sont relativement minces. Les interfaces sont beaucoup plus minces que les zones de mélange relativement étendues prédites par l'approche conventionnelle de l'ingénierie pour la macro-dispersion, dans laquelle on applique des longueurs de macro-dispersion, indépendant du temps et relativement étendues. Une approche d'ingénierie alternative, relativement simple, est présentée. Pour la macro-dispersion de la propagation de panaches de soluté, le terme alternatif de dispersion donne les mêmes résultats que l'approche d'ingénierie conventionnelle et donne des résultats corrects pour le transport en régime permanent.
    Abstract: Resumen El análisis de los sistemas de flujo se basa en el concepto de modelos jerárquicos de aguas subterráneas. La topografía del nivel freático, estrechamente relacionada con la topografía de superficie, es uno de los factores principales en la continuidad jerárquica del flujo subterráneo gravífico, dando lugar a sistemas de flujo con distintos órdenes de magnitud en lo que respecta a extensión lateral y profundidad. El concepto de sistemas de flujo es extremadamente útil para el análisis de las escalas espacial y temporal y de sus interrelaciones. Las ecuaciones básicas deducidas a escala de laboratorio se extienden a escalas regionales. Mediante análisis de Fourier se llega al esquema original de Tóth de sistemas de flujo dominados por la topografía. De esta manera, las diferentes escalas espaciales del nivel freático quedan separadas de manera natural, lo que conduce a una expresión simple para la profundidad de penetración en un sistema de flujo. Esta descomposición conduce además a una relación ente las escalas espacial y temporal. De manera análoga a los sistemas de flujo, los cuerpos de agua de distinta calidad química pueden llamarse "sistemas de transporte". Tanto los estudios de campo como los modelos numéricos regionales con discretización a microescala, o la teoría estocástica de la dispersión indican que, para los sistemas con transporte estacionarios, las interfaces son bastante delgadas; más delgadas, por ejemplo, que las predichas por un tratamiento convencional de la macrodispersión, donde se utilizan valores relativamente grandes e independientes del tiempo. El estudio de la macrodispersión de penachos contaminantes se realiza mediante un modelo alternativo simple, donde el término alternativo de dispersión da los mismos resultados que los modelos convencionales.
    Notes: Abstract  Flow-system analysis is based on the concept of hierarchical groundwater flow systems. The topography of the water table, which is strongly related to the topography of the land surface, is a major factor in the hierarchical nesting of gravity-driven groundwater flow, resulting in flow systems of different orders of magnitude in lateral extent and depth of penetration. The concept of flow systems is extremely useful in the analysis of spatial and temporal scales and their mutual relationships. Basic equations on the laboratory scale are extended to larger, regional scales. Making use of Fourier analysis further develops Tóth's original idea of topography-driven flow systems. In this way, the different spatial scales of the water table are separated in a natural way, leading to a simple expression for the penetration depth of a flow system. This decomposition leads also to the relationship between spatial and temporal scales. Analogous to flow systems, water bodies with different water quality may be called 'transport systems.' Field studies, numerical micro-scale modeling over macro-scale domains, and stochastic dispersion theory indicate that between systems with steady transport, the interfaces are relatively thin. The interfaces are much thinner than the relatively large mixing zones predicted by the conventional engineering approach to macrodispersion, in which relatively large, time-independent macrodispersion lengths are applied. A relatively simple alternative engineering approach is presented. For macrodispersion of propagating solute plumes, the alternative dispersion term gives the same results as the conventional engineering approach and gives correct results for steady-state transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 99 (1999), S. 69-82 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: evoked responses ; ERG ; Fourier analysis ; pattern ERG ; steady-state ; VEP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fourier analysis is a powerful tool in signal analysis that can be very fruitfully applied to steady-state evoked potentials (flicker ERG, pattern ERG, VEP, etc.). However, there are some inherent assumptions in the underlying discrete Fourier transform (DFT) that are not necessarily fulfilled in typical electrophysiological recording and analysis conditions. Furthermore, engineering software-packages may be ill-suited and/or may not fully exploit the information of steady-state recordings. Specifically: • In the case of steady-state stimulation we know more about the stimulus than in standard textbook situations (exact frequency, phase stability), so `windowing' and calculation of the `periodogram' are not necessary. • It is mandatory to choose an integer relationship between sampling rate and frame rate when employing a raster-based CRT stimulator. • The analysis interval must comprise an exact integer number (e.g., 10) of stimulus periods. • The choice of the number of stimulus periods per analysis interval needs a wise compromise: A high number increases the frequency resolution, but makes artifact removal difficult; a low number `spills' noise into the response frequency. • There is no need to feel tied to a power-of-two number of data points as required by standard FFT, `resampling' is an easy and efficient alternative. • Proper estimates of noise-corrected Fourier magnitude and statistical significance can be calculated that take into account the non-linear superposition of signal and noise. These aspects are developed in an intuitive approach with examples using both simulations and recordings. Proper use of Fourier analysis of our electrophysiological records will reduce recording time and/or increase the reliability of physiologic or pathologic interpretations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 67-91 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 43A30 ; 43A65 ; 43A85 ; 68T10 ; 68U10 ; Fourier analysis ; irreducible representations of the groupSL(2, ℂ) ; harmonic analysis onSL(2, ℂ) ; projectively invariant classification of patterns ; projectively adapted pattern representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Among all image transforms, the classical (Euclidean) Fourier transform has had the widest range of applications in image processing. Here its projective analogue, given by the double cover groupSL(2, ℂ) of the projective groupPSL(2, ℂ) for patterns, is developed. First, a projectively invariant classification of patterns is constructed in terms of orbits of the groupPSL(2, ℂ) acting on the image plane (with complex coordinates) by linear-fractional transformations. Then,SL(2, ℂ)-harmonic analysis, in the noncompact picture of induced representations, is used to decompose patterns into the components invariant under irreducible representations of the principal series ofSL(2, ℂ). Usefulness in digital image processing problems is studied by providing a camera model in which the action ofSL(2, ℂ) on the complex image plane corresponds to, and exhausts, planar central projections as produced when aerial images of the same scene are taken from different vantage points. The projectively adapted properties of theSL(2, ℂ)-harmonic analysis, as applied to the problems, in image processing, are confirmed by computational tests. Therefore, it should be an important step in developing a system for automated perspective-independent object recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical imaging and vision 8 (1998), S. 99-130 
    ISSN: 1573-7683
    Keywords: superposition of periodic structures ; moiré effect ; Fourier analysis ; geometry of numbers ; spectrum support ; dense spectrum ; discrete spectrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new approach is presented for investigating the superposition of any number of periodic structures, and the moiré effects which may result. This approach, which is based on an algebraic analysis of the Fourier-spectrum using concepts from the theory of geometry of numbers, fully explains the properties of the superposition of periodic layers and of their moiré effects. It provides the fundamental notations and tools for investigating, both in the spectral domain and in the image domain, properties of the superposition as a whole (such as periodicity or almost-periodicity), and properties of each of the individual moirés generated in the superposition (such as their profile forms and intensity levels, their singular states, etc.). This new, rather unexpected combination of Fourier theory and geometry of numbers proves very useful, and it offers a profound insight into the structure of the spectrum of the layer superposition and the corresponding properties back in the image domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 29 (1997), S. 953-962 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: time series ; Fourier analysis ; cyclolhems ; Pennsylvanian stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Several stratigraphic sequences in the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) in Kansas (Midcontinent, USA) were analyzed quantitatively for periodic repetitions. The sequences were coded by lithologic type into strings of datasets. The strings then were analyzed by an adaptation of a one-dimensional Fourier transform analysis and examined for evidence of periodicity. The method was tested using different states in coding to determine the robustness of the method and data. The most persistent response is in multiples of 8–10 ft (2.5–3.0 m) and probably is dependent on the depositional thickness of the original lithologic units. Other cyclicities occurred in multiples of the basic frequency of 8–10 with persistent ones at 22 and 30 feet (6.5–9.0 m) and large ones at 80 and 160 feet (25–50 m). These levels of thickness relate well to the basic cyclothem and megacyclothem as measured on outcrop. We propose that this approach is a suitable one for analyzing cyclic events in the stratigraphic record.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 18 (1996), S. 807-821 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Plasma flow ; magnetohydrodynamics ; PACS 52.70 ; Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Disruptive instabilities were investigated in the small-tokamak TBR-1 during the application of resonant helical magnetic fields created by external helical windings. Indications were found that the main triggering mechanism of the disruption was the rapid increase of them=2/n=1 mode which, apparently after reaching a certain amplitude, interacts with other resistive modes: the internal 1/1 mode in the case of a major disruption, or with higherm components, as the 3/1 or 4/1, in the case of minor disruptions. After the coupling, the growth of the associated islands would create a chaotic field line distribution in the region between the corresponding rational magnetic surfaces which caused the gross particle transport and, finally, destroyed the confinement. In addition, investigations on higherZ eff discharges in which a mixture of helium and hydrogen was used resulted in much more unstable plasmas but apparently did not alter the basic characteristics of the disruptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 327-332 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Separation performance ; Fourier analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple procedure is presented for determining separation performance of HRGC analysis of multicomponent mixtures. The procedure is based on the computation of Autocovariance Function (EACVF) from the digitized experimental chromatogram. Graphic inspection of the EACVF plot permits easy computation of the width value of the single component peak, σ; from the EACVF value at t=O the number of component in the mixture, m, can be simply derived. From these two basic quantities all the other chromatographic performance attributes can be calculated. The consistency of the procedure is tested for different chromatograms and compared with the more complex EACVF fitting method. Several features of the multicomponent chromatogram, overloading effects included, are directly detected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational complexity 5 (1995), S. 205-221 
    ISSN: 1420-8954
    Keywords: Lower-bound ; complexity ; Fourier analysis ; 68Q25 ; 68Q99
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We use Fourier analysis to get general lower bounds for the probabilistic communication complexity of large classes of functions. We give some examples showing how to use our method in some known cases and for some new functions. Our main tool is an inequality by Kahn, Kalai, and Linial, derived from two lemmas of Beckner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 162-165 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tardive dyskinesia Instrumental assessment ; Movement disorders Digital image processing ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was performed to investigate the reliability and validity of a new device for the assessment of oral dyskinesias by means of digital image processing. Twenty schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) and ten healthy controls were studied. In patients instrumental scores were compared to different clinical rating scale scores. Measurements were repeated after 2 weeks under the same circumstances to assess test-retest stability. Instrumental scores discriminated well between normal subjects and dyskinetic patients and correlated significantly with clinical ratings (r=0.63). The test-retest correlations showed a correspondence not larger than 40%, detecting thus the fluctuation of the TD intensity over time. These results suggest that our device is a reliable and easy to handle technique for the assessment of TD. Furthermore, the ability of the device to analyze the frequency distribution of movements makes it a useful tool for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of TD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: heart rate ; diabetic neuropathies ; Fourier analysis ; parasympathetic nervous system ; sympathetic nervous system ; regression analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 24 subjects with type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied. Cardiac parasympathetic function was measured by supine heart rate variability (HRV) in the respiratory frequency 0.10–0.50 Hz and the sympathetic index was measured as the ratio of HRV between 0.055 and 0.098 Hz to that between 0.004 and 0.5 Hz. Factors assessing diabetic control and complications, and factors unrelated to diabetes but possibly influencing HRV, were recorded. Association with depressed HRV was assessed with correlation, and prediction of depressed HRV was determined with multiple regression. Factors associated with depressed HRV but not independently predictive were renal dysfunction and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone. Elevated glycosylated haemoglobin was not significantly correlated with depressed HRV. Four factors (presence of diabetic retinopathy, male gender, duration of diabetes and increasing age) were significant in the regression and sufficed to predict 81% of the sample variance. The relative weights (β) were −0.65, 0.40, −0.40 and 0.26, respectively. Supine sympathetic index was not sufficient to demonstrate sympathetic dysfunction. It is proposed that the regression model may be used to identify patients likely to have cardiac parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 90 (1995), S. 143-155 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Electroretinogram ; Fourier analysis ; Naka-Rushton equation ; Obesity surgical therapy ; Oscillatory potentials ; Vitamin A deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract New possible causes and unexplored aspects of the electroretinogram were evaluated in a case of vitamin A deficiency secondary to surgical therapy for morbid obesity. The Naka-Rushton equation, applied to the scotopic b-wave, demonstrated the quantal catch reduction caused by the loss of rhodopsin in the outer segment of photoreceptors. Study of the Fourier analysis of the photopic 20-Hz response suggested a primary involvement of the external retinal layers, with an indirect alteration of the inner layer. The electroretinogram oscillatory potentials showed alterations explained by the involvement of their generators related to the primary photoreceptor lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 482-490 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Transparency ; Opacity ; Scaling ; Cataract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Power law analysis provides a quantitative method for characterization of spatial fluctuations in the cellular microstructure of the ocular lens. In the power law analysis, Fourier components of the spatial fluctuations are computed, and the relationship between the amplitude, A, and spatial frequency, f, of the components is defined by a power law function: |A|2≈(1/f)β. The exponent of the function, β, defines the scaling of the amplitude of the Fourier components as a function of spatial frequency. We performed two-dimensional power law analysis on electron micrographs of lens cells ranging from transparent to opaque. We identified two values of power law exponent, β, for the spatial fluctuations of all lens cells, one for low-and a second for high-spatial frequencies. In the low-spatial frequency region, the value of β was in the range of 0.53 to 1.33, for transparent and opaque cells. In the high-spatial frequency region, the value of β increased from 2.78 for transparent lens cells to 3.60 for opaque lens cells. The power law analysis provides a new method for quantitative characterization of the spatial fluctuations in the microstructure of transparent and opaque lens cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
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    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 772-786 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Spatial co-occurrence matrix ; Fourier analysis ; Image processing ; Textural analysis ; Protein distribution ; Superfusion ; Aging ; Entropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Many pathologies are age-related, e.g., cardiovascular disease generally occurs in midlife and cancer later in life. This suggests that aging predisposes the body to pathology. Plasma protein spatial distribution images of rat mesentery extracellular matrix (ECM) show texture due to the ECM structures, and there is an age-related decrease in tissue protein that may be related to matrix structure changes. The objective of this study was to compare changes in protein image texture under two conditions: superfusion with normal saline solution and aging. The decrease in soluble protein concentration during superfusion is a washout process, while the mechanism for the age-related decrease in tissue protein is unknown. Therefore, effects of aging and superfusion on tissue protein image texture were compared. Spatial co-occurence matrix and Fourier analysis techniques have been used for texture evaluation. Superfused images showed a more uniform protein texture. There were gradual age-related changes in image texture parameters. Entropy increased with age from 140 to 630 days, indicating that protein distribution became more disorganized. The results suggest that changes in protein image texture are due to age-related alterations in matrix structure because removing only protein by superfusion had opposite effects on texture parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 371-397 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Helmholtz equation ; least squares ; Galerkin method ; Fourier analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper a Galerkin least-squares (GLS) finite element method, in which residuals in least-squares form are added to the standard Galerkin variational equation, is developed to solve the Helmholtz equation in two dimensions. An important feature of GLS methods is the introduction of a local mesh parameter that may be designed to provide accurate solutions with relatively coarse meshes. Previous work has accomplished this for the one-dimensional Helmholtz equation using dispersion analysis. In this paper, the selection of the GLS mesh parameter for two dimensions is considered, and leads to elements that exhibit improved phase accuracy. For any given direction of wave propagation, an optimal GLS mesh parameter is determined using two-dimensional Fourier analysis. In general problems, the direction of wave propagation will not be known a priori. In this case, an optimal GLS parameter is found which reduces phase error for all possible wave vector orientations over elements. The optimal GLS parameters are derived for both consistent and lumped mass approximations. Several numerical examples are given and the results compared with those obtained from the Galerkin method. The extension of GLS to higher-order quadratic interpolations is also presented.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 23
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 1003-1022 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: incompressible flow ; mixed formulations ; stabilized algorithms ; Fourier analysis ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We present a method to assess the stability of pairs of interpolation spaces for mixed formulations. The method is based on a straightforward calculation of the eigenvalues of the discrete matrices through Fourier decomposition in plane waves and is intended to give, via straightforward numerical computations, a sharper determination of stability than the well-known ‘patch test’ of Zienkiewicz et al. Special attention is devoted to the study of stability and accuracy of equal-order interpolations.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
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  • 24
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    BIT 34 (1994), S. 177-204 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: 65F10 ; 15A06 ; 65F90 ; 65K10 ; Conjugate gradient method ; preconditioning ; incomplete factorization ; polynomial preconditioner ; matrix-free method ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Preconditioning strategies based on incomplete factorizations and polynomial approximations are studied through extensive numerical experiments. We are concerned with the question of the optimal rate of convergence that can be achieved for these classes of preconditioners. Our conclusion is that the well-known Modified Incomplete Cholesky factorization (MIC), cf. e.g., Gustafsson [20], and the polynomial preconditioning based on the Chebyshev polynomials, cf. Johnson, Micchelli and Paul [22], have optimal order of convergence as applied to matrix systems derived by discretization of the Poisson equation. Thus for the discrete two-dimensional Poisson equation withn unknowns,O(n 1/4) andO(n 1/2) seem to be the optimal rates of convergence for the Conjugate Gradient (CG) method using incomplete factorizations and polynomial preconditioners, respectively. The results obtained for polynomial preconditioners are in agreement with the basic theory of CG, which implies that such preconditioners can not lead to improvement of the asymptotic convergence rate. By optimizing the preconditioners with respect to certain criteria, we observe a reduction of the number of CG iterations, but the rates of convergence remain unchanged.
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  • 25
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    Journal of statistical physics 76 (1994), S. 1005-1043 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Wave propagation ; spatiotemporal bifurcation theory ; biorthogonal decomposition ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract By using biorthogonal decompositions, we show how uniformly propagating waves, togehter with their velocity, shape, and amplitude, can be extracted from a spatiotemporal signal consisting of the superposition of various traveling waves. The interaction between the different waves manifests itself in space-time resonances in case of a discrete biorthogonal spectrum and in resonant wavepackets in case of a continuous biorthogonal spectrum. Resonances appear as invariant subspaces under the biorthogonal operator, which leads to closed sets of algebraic equations. The analysis is then extended to superpositions of dispersive waves for which the (Fourier) dispersion relation is no longer linear. We then show how a space-time bifurcation, namely a qualitative change in the spatiotemporal nature of the solution, occurs when the biorthogonal operator is a nonholomorphic function of a parameter. This takes place when two eigenvalues are degenerate in the biorthogonal spectrum and when the spatial and temporal eigenvectors rotate within each eigenspace. Such a scenario applied to the superposition of traveling waves leads to the generation of additional waves propagating at new velocities, which can be computed from the spatial and temporal eigenmodes involved in the process (namely the shape of the propagating waves slightly before the bifurcation). An eigenvalue degeneracy, however, does not necessarily lead to a bifurcation, a situation we refer to as being self-avoiding. We illustrate our theoretical predictions by giving examples of bifurcating and self-avoiding events in propagating phenomena.
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  • 26
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 839-850 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Chemometry ; Fourier analysis ; Multicomponent mixture chromatograms ; PCB analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aroclor and Aroclor mixture chromatograms obtained using temperature programmed high resolution capillary GC coupled with mass spectrometric selective detection have been investigated by Fourier analysis developed for the study of multicomponent chromatograms. The experimental autocorrelation function (EACF), i.e. peak shape and position correlation, showed a retention - structure pattern which could be associated with both the type of Aroclor and the ion used for selective ion monitoring (m/z value). In particular, o-m and m-m isomerization effects were singled out by EACF analysis. By fitting EACF with previously developed theoretical models, it was possible to characterize a specific Aroclor in terms of the number of PCB congeners present in it. The results obtained agreed closely with the typical Aroclor content. For the Aroclor mixture, the distribution of inter-distance between successive peaks was derived. The two first distribution moments obtained agreed with those derived from retention data reported in the literature. The consequences on the separation performance, i.e. the number of singlets, doublets, etc. in the chromatogram, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Source pressure ; Fourier analysis ; Contraction duration ; Shortening deactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By fitting isovolumic phases of an ejecting beat with a model-wave function, one can predict source pressure of the ejecting beat (Sunagawa et al.Trans Biomed Eng 1980; 27:299–305), this being a major determinant of systolic performance. Prior applications of this principle have involved two assumptions: (1) that the isovolumic pressure wave is shaped like an inverted cosine wave, and (2) that duration of an isovolumic beat is the same as that of an ejecting beat. The first assumption might cause overestimation of source pressure, since an isovolumic pressure wave begins declining before the midpoint of the wave. The second assumption might cause underestimation of source pressure, since an ejecting beat is always shorter than an adjacent isovolumic beat at the ejecting beat's enddiastolic volume. Although the two errors tend to cancel, it would be more rational and accurate to use a realistic model wave shape and a realistic isovolumic beat duration. To acquire the information necessary for this, pressure and volume time courses were measured during ejecting beats and adjacent isovolumic beats in dogs under the following steady-state conditions: basal, atrial pacing at various rates, infusion of dobutamine, infusion of verapamil, coronary ligation(s), and ventricular pacing at various sites. These conditions affected the amplitude and duration of isovolumic pressure waves substantially but did not affect the shape of the waves significantly. The duration of each isovolumic beat exceeded that of the previous ejecting beat to a degree which corresponded approximately to the ejecting beat's normalized pressure reserve (source pressure minus peak ejection pressure)/(source pressure). A more accurate source-pressure prediction should be possible by use of a realistic isovolumic pressure-wave shape and by taking account of the effect of pressure reserve on contraction duration.
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  • 28
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    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 44 (1992), S. 13-25 
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; array estimation ; velocity estimation ; space-time spectral analysis ; random media ; random arrays ; frequency wavenumber processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Consider the situation where a plane wave signal is received by a spatial arrangement of recorders. Information derived from observations on such a process can be used to determine the speed and direction of the signal together with properties of the medium through which the signal is being propagated. Certain models for the case where the signal velocity can be regarded as stochastic and where the array is irregular are investigated and estimation procedures proposed. A major practical property of these models is that, unlike their deterministic counterparts, coherence decays to zero as distance between recorders increases.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile single photon emission tomography (SPET) ; Amplitude images ; Fourier analysis ; Thallium-201 SPET
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the role of rest and stress gated technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (sestamibi), in the detection of coronary artery disease, routine Fourier analysis of these images was performed with the best septal left anterior oblique (LAO) position of 20 patients (17 men, 3 women; aged 40–75 years) who also underwent rest or redistribution/stress single photon emission tomography (SPET) (99mTc-sestamibi and Thallium-201), gated blood pool imaging and coronary angiogram. There were 6 patients with single-vessel disease, 6 with two-vessel disease, 4 with three-vessel disease, 2 with coronary spasms, 1 with a patent graft and 1 with anginal episodes but a normal angiogram result. Three normal volunteers (2 women, 1 man; aged 24–26 years) also had rest and stress gated blood pool as well as rest and stress gated 99mTc-sestamibi imaging. Rest and stress 99mTc-ses-tamibi amplitude and phase images depicted regional myocardial wall shortening from the outer layer of the myocardium to the center of the left ventricle as follows a high amplitude halo of maximal negative count rate variaton; a circular thinner halo of negligible amplitude; a central region of maximal positive count rate variation, as the images evolved from end-diastole to end-systole. Similar patterns with regional differences represented abnormal myocardial wall shortening. (99mTc-sestamibi and 201T1 SPET) images were in agreement in 90% of the patients and 92% of myocardial regions. 201T1 SPET detected 83% of angiographically proven lesions, as compared with 80% for 99mTc-setamibi SPET and 80% for the amplitude images. The amplitude images demonstrated a larger number of other abnormalities not predicted on the angiogram, probably because they were able to detect regions with a potential for flow improvement and transient regional wall shortening abnormalities. Amplitude and phase analyses of gated rest and stress 99mTc-ses-tamibi images are easy to perform and may become an important adjunct to (99mTc-sestamibi SPET) images for a complete evaluation of both regional myocardial perfusion and regional contractile function using a single tracer.
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  • 30
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    Hydrobiologia 247 (1992), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Crassostrea cucullata ; Fourier analysis ; shell form ; shell length ; regression analysis ; environmental factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Variations of shell form and shell length were studied for oysters growing in the mangroves of Gazi Creek, Kenya, and related to different environmental factors. For the study of the form, Fourier analysis was performed on the circumference of 85 oysters. The resulting coefficients were compared among specimens using cluster analysis. The correspondence between this classification and substrate diameter is virtually perfect (only one misclassification out of 85 oysters). For the clusters based on height above chart datum, 9 specimens, all on intermediate height levels, were misclassified. Orientation with respect to tidal current had 13 misclassifications. Mangrove species seemed to influence form only marginally, if at all. In the study of the size ofCrassostrea cucullata, the length of 956 oysters, growing along two transects were measured, and correlated with several environmental factors. Oyster length was not related to substrate diameter or its orientation with respect to the main current. Length was not influenced by density up to a cover of 70%. For densities higher than 70%, there was a fairly strong negative correlation (r 2 = 0.634,n = 217). Length was not correlated with height above bottom (base of the tree) for heights lower than 20 cm, while oysters growing closer to the bottom were smaller. The correlation with height above chart datum was negative but very low (r 2 = 0.060,n = 957). However, if all measurements of oysters closer than 20 cm to the bottom, and all from a density of more than 70% cover are deleted from the data set, the correlation with height increased dramatically, the slope still being negative (r 2 = 0.859,n = 543).
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder ; EEG ; Theta rhythm ; Fourier analysis ; Coefficient of variations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spectral EEG characteristics of thirteen patients with severe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) were investigated topographically. The finding of predominantly left posterior frontal to mid-temporal theta-2 is discussed in light of previous EEG studies and recent neuroradiologic findings.
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  • 32
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    Brain topography 4 (1992), S. 309-319 
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Principal components ; Isotropicity ; Complex statistics ; Electroencephalography ; Equivalent dipoles ; Fourier analysis ; Brain mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the normal resting EEG crosspectrum Svv(ω) is analyzed using complex multivariate statistics. Exploratory data analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is followed by hypothesis testing and computer simulations related to possible neural generators. The Svv(ω) of 211 normal individuals (ages 5 to 97) may be decomposed into two types of processes: the ξ process with spatial isotropicity reflecting diffuse, correlated cortical generators with radial symmetry, and processes that seem to be generated by more spatially concentrated, correlated sources. The latter are reflected as spectral peaks such as the process. The eigenvectors of the ξ process are the Spherical Harmonic Functions which explains the recurring pattern of maps characteristic of the spatial PCA of qEEG data. A new method for estimating sources in the frequency domain which fits dipoles to the whole crosspectrum is applied to explain the characteristics of the localized sources.
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  • 33
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    European journal of applied physiology 63 (1991), S. 300-307 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Oxygen uptake ; Carbon dioxide output ; Ventilation ; Pseudorandom binary sequence ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dynamics of ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), and heart rate (f c) were studied in 12 healthy young men during upright and supine exercise. Responses to maximal and to two different types of submaximal exercise tests were contrasted. During incremental exercise to exhaustion, the maximal work rate, VO2max, VEmax, f c,max, and ventilatory threshold were all significantly reduced in supine compared to upright exercise (P〈0.01–0.001). Following step increases or decreases in work rate between 25 W and 105 W, both VO2 and VCO2 responded more slowly in supine than upright exericse. Dynamics were also studied in two different pseudorandom binary-sequence (PRBS) exercise tests, with the work rate varying between 25 W and 105 W with either 5-s or 30-s durations of each PRBS unit. In both of these tests, there were no differences caused by body position in the amplitude or phase shifts obtained from Fourier analysis for any observed variable. These data show that the body position alters the dynamic response to the more traditional step increase in work rate, but not during PRBS exercise. It is speculated that the elevation of cardiac output observed with supine exercise in combination with the continuously varying work-rate pattern of the PRBS exercise allowed adequate, perhaps near steady-state, perfusion of the working muscles in these tests, whereas at the onset of a step increase in work rate, greater demands were placed on the mechanisms of blood flow redistribution.
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  • 34
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 579-597 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Diffusion-convection ; Fourier analysis ; Stability ; Artificial viscosity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper develops a stability analysis of second-order, two- and three-time-level difference schemes for the 2D linear diffusion-convection model problem. The corresponding 1D schemes have been extensively analysed in two previous papers by the same author. Most of these 2D schemes obviously generalize 1D schemes, i.e. their stencil only uses the nearest points and defines ‘product difference schemes’; however, the stability results are not always the exact generalization of the 1D stability properties. Moreover, the 1D nonviscous MFTCS scheme may only be generalized if one uses a nine-point scheme. Numerical experiments for different values of the cell Reynolds number allow a comparison to be made between the theoretical and numerical stability limits.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 76 (1990), S. 65-71 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Coefficient of variation ; domain of frequency ; domain of time ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The dark-adapted and light-adaped electroretinograms of 13 subjects with 23 normal eyes were analyzed by means of Fourier spectrum. The oscillatory potentials in the time domain were filtered out from the electroretinogram after a corresponding bandpass was given in the frequency domain. The coefficient of variation of total power, dominant power and dominant frequency of the isolated oscillatory potentials in the frequency domain, summed amplitudes and area of the isolated oscillatory potentials, each amplitude and implicit time of the first four major oscillatory potential wavelets in the time domain were compared. The implicit time showed the smallest coefficient of variation; summed amplitudes of OP1 to OP4 showed smaller coefficients of variation than those of the area, the amplitude of each oscillatory potential wavelet, dominant frequency and dominant and total power. The coefficient of variation of these measurement parameters in light-adapted electroretinograms was smaller than those in dark-adapted electroretinograms.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Aortic regurgitation ; Arterial compliance ; Fourier analysis ; Impedance ; Mean aortic pressure ; Peripheral resistance ; Windkessel model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three methods for measuring arterial compliance when aortic regurgitation is present are examined. The first two methods are based on a Windkessel model composed of two elements, compliance C and resistance R. Arterial compliance was estimated from diastolic pressure waveforms and diastolic regurgitant flow for one method, and from systolic aortic pressure waveforms and systolic flow for the other method. The third method was based on a three-element Windkessel model, composed of characteristic resistance r, compliance C and resistance R. In this method arterial compliance was calculated by adjusting the model to the modulus and phase of the first harmonic term of the aortic input impedance. The three methods were compared and validated in six anaesthetised pigs over a broad range of aortic pressures. The three methods were found to give quantitatively similar estimates of arterial compliance at mean aortic pressures above 60 mm Hg. Below 60 mm Hg, estimates of arterial compliance varied widely, probably because of poor validity of the Windkessel models in the low pressure range.
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  • 37
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 427-444 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Eulerian-Lagrangian ; Least squares ; Transport ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Fourier analysis was performed in order to study the numerical characteristics of the effective Eulerian-Lagrangian least squares collocation (ELLESCO) method. As applied to the transport equation, ELLESCO requires a C1-continuous trial space and has two degrees of freedom per node. Two coupled discrete equations are generated for a typical interior node for a one-dimensional problem. Each degree of freedom is expanded separately in a Fourier series and is substituted into the discrete equations to form a homogeneous matrix equation. The required singularity of the system matrix leads to a ‘physical’ amplification factor that characterizes the numerical propagation of the initial conditions and a ‘computational’ one that can affect stability.Unconditional stability for time-stepping weights greater than or equal to 0-5 is demonstrated. With advection only, ELLESCO accurately propagates spatial wavelengths down to 2Δx. As the dimensionless dispersion number becomes large, implicit formulations accurately propagate the phase, but the higher-wave-number components are underdamped. At large dispersion numbers, phase errors combined with underdamping cause oscillations in Crank-Nicolson solutions. These effects lead to limits on the temporal discretization when dispersion is present. Increases in the number of collocation points per element improve the spectral behaviour of ELLESCO.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 38
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    Computers and the humanities 23 (1989), S. 277-283 
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Keywords: Statistics ; correlation analysis ; principal components analysis ; time series analysis ; Fourier analysis ; semantic patterning ; imagery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a computer-assisted analysis of semantic patterning in William Blake'sThe Four Zoas and considers the way in which such patterns contribute to the structure and meaning of the work. The analysis involves examining combinations and recombinations of images across the text for concentrations of images and images groups, recurring images, and patterns in the distribution of individual images and clusters of images. Statistical correlation routines were used to determine the degree of correlation among images across the extire text as well as in specific text segments. Principal components analysis enabled identifying thematic clusters of images, and the distribution of these clusters across these text were in turn examined to determine their patterning. Finally, time series analysis and Fourier analysis were used to find and verify patterns in the distribution of images across the text. Fourier analysis revealed striking patterns in the distribution of imagery in theZoas, which suggests that Blake may have used such patterns to help convey the poem's powerful thematic statements.
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  • 39
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    Pure and applied geophysics 131 (1989), S. 211-239 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; fractal ; frequency spectra ; roughness ; stationarity ; numerical modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fractal analysis and Fourier analysis are independent techniques for quantitatively describing the variability of natural figures. Both methods have been applied to a variety of natural phenomena. Previous analytical work has formulated relationships between the fractal dimension and power law form frequency spectrum.Mandelbrot (1985) has shown that difficulties arise when the ruler method for measuring dimensionality is applied to other than self-similar figures. Since an investigator presumably does not know in advance the dimensionality of a natural profile, it is essential to quantify the nature of the discrepancy for self-affine cases. In this study, a series of experiments are conducted in which discrete random series of specified spectral forms are analyzed using the fractal ruler method. The various parameters of the fractal measurement are related to the parameters of the spectral model. In this way, empirical relationships between the techniques can be derived for discrete, finite series which simulate the results of applying the fractal method to observational data. The results of the study indicate that there are considerable discrepancies between the results predicted by theory and those derived empirically. The fundamental power law form of length versus resolution pairs does not hold over the entire region of analysis. The predicted linear relationship between fractal dimension and exponent of the frequency spectrum does not hold, and the spectral signals can be extended beyond the limits of dimension inferred by theory. Root-mean-square variability is also shown to be linearly related to the fractal intercept term. An investigation of the effect of nonstationary sampling is conducted by generating signals composed of segments of differing spectral characteristics. Fractal analyses of these signals appear identical to those conducted on stationary series. The discrepancies between theoretical prediction and empirical results described in this study reflect the difficulties of applying analytically derived techniques to measurement data. Both Fourier and fractal techniques are formulated through rigorous mathematics, assuming various conditions for the underlying signal. When these techniques are applied to discrete, finite length, nonstationary series, certain statistical transformations must be applied to the data. Methods such as windowing, prewhitening, and anti-aliasing filters have been developed over many years for use with Fourier analysis. At present, no such statistical theory exists for use with fractal analysis. It is apparent from the results of this study that such a statistical foundation is required before the fractal ruler method can be routinely applied to observational data.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Ischemic heart disease ; Gated radionuclide ventriculography ; Regional left ventricular motility injury ; Fourier analysis ; Factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Left ventricular phase and amphlitude images (Fourier analysis, PAI) and factor analysis images (FAI) from gated radionuclide ventriculography were obtained in 235 patients after myocardial infarction (MI) and in 44 patients with well documented ischemic heart disease (IHD) in order to assess areas of regional left ventricular motility injury (LVMI). The sensitivity of FAI for LVMI detection was higher than with PAI (36.3% vs 22.7% in patients without MI; 76.6% vs 68% in those after anterior MI; and 53.2% vs 31.9% after posterior MI, respectively). In 2.9% of all patients PAI were unclear due to small time activity amplitudes and heart rate irregularity, whereas FAI could be easily assessed. Significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction was observed predominantly after anterior MI in connection with distinct signs of LVMI in a large area of anterior wall or in the anteroseptal and/or apical region. Areas of LVMI could be sharply delineated in FAI; however, in contrast to PAI, FAI is unable to distinguish between dyskinetic and akinetic regions. The use of both PAI and FAI is recommended for more detailed detection of regional LVMI in patients with IHD.
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  • 41
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    Water resources management 3 (1989), S. 259-269 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Evapotranspiration ; stochastic model ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Daily meteorological data over a period of nine years from Helliniko Station (Athens, Greece) are used to produce daily potential evapotranspiration (PET) series. A multipliative model describes the periodic and stochastic components of the series where Fourier aproximations of two- or three-harmonic periodic components and a first-order autoregressive one are employed, respectively. The assessment of adequacy of the model is based on the properties of (a) the correlogram and (b) the spectrum of a white noise process. The model is further used to generate daily PET values. Generated and historical data show remarkable affinity in average arithmetic mean, coefficient of variation, skewness coefficient and their standard deviations.
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  • 42
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 72 (1989), S. 9-19 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: binocular facilitation ; binocular summation ; flicker ; Fourier analysis ; pattern reversal ; visual evoked potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Evidence is controversial in respect to the optimal conditions in which visual evoked potentials provide an objective measure of binocular visual function, related and unrelated to stereopsis, and there is little emphasis on the type of stimulus that produces facilitation in binocular recording. We investigated the effects of stimulus type (flicker or pattern), contrast, and temporal modulation on facilitation, which was defined as a binocular response greater than sum of monocular responses. Monocular and binocular responses to sinusoidally modulated flicker and grating patterns were recorded in children and Fourier analyzed. The relationship of the fundamental Fourier component for flicker and the second harmonic component for pattern were each examined as function of temporal modulation at two levels of contrast for monocular and binocular visual evoked potentials. Binocular facilitation was found across all conditions for flicker. Data suggest that processing of pattern and flicker has different sites of origin within the visual system. Facilitation in binocular visual evoked potentials also indicates that they are not a result of simple summation of monocular responses, since there appears a nonlinear component to such interaction.
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  • 43
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 73 (1989), S. 347-357 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: pattern electroretinogram ; Fourier analysis ; fovea ; retinal eccentricity ; spatial tuning ; visual field
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the value of the extrafoveal pattern electroretinogram for evaluation of local retinal defects, electroretinographic responses to contrast reversal stimulation were recorded at various locations in the central and midperipheral retina. Normal values were established in 20 eyes, and spatial selectivity at different retinal eccentricities was determined in four eyes. The response amplitude was found to decrease steeply from the fovea until about 12° eccentricity and to decline only slowly thereafter. For central stimulation a clear attenuation for coarser patterns was observed. At 20° and at 30° eccentricity the spatial tuning function exhibited a bandpass characteristic, with the maximum amplitude shifting to lower spatial frequencies. Despite the relatively low peripheral amplitudes a satisfactory signal to noise ratio of the second harmonic responses can be obtained by Fourier analysis, which improves clinical applicability. The comparison of sensitivity in the upper and lower retina revealed a considerable asymmetry, with responses in the upper retina approximately 20% higher. No significant difference, however, was found when the temporal or nasal retina was stimulated. The reproducibility of these results is high enough to encourage clinical studies. A case of retinal venous branch occlusion exemplifies the applicability of this technique in eccentric fundus lesions.
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  • 44
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 833-853 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Dispersion relation ; Reflected/transmitted evanescent waves ; Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The numerical scheme upon which this paper is based is the 1D Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme. In Part I of this series it was shown that for a certain range of incident wavelengths impinging on the interface of an expansion in nodal spacing, an evanescent (or spatially damped) wave results in the downstream region. Here in Part III an analysis is carried out to predict the wavelength and the spatial rate of damping for this wave. The results of the analysis are verified quantitatively with seven ‘hot-start’ numerical experiments and qualitatively with seven ‘cold-start’ experiments. Weare has shown that evanescent waves occur whenever the frequency of a disturbance at a boundary exceeds the maximum frequency given by the dispersion relation. In these circumstances the ‘extended dispersion’ relation can be used to determine the rate of spatial decay.In the context of a domain consisting of two regions with different nodal spacings, the use of the group velocity concept shows that evanescent waves have no energy flux associated with them when energy is conserved.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 45
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 783-810 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Non-uniform mesh ; Wave Reflection/transmission ; Crank-Nicolson finite elements ; Fourier analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This is the first of a series of three related papers dealing with some of the consequences of non-uniform meshes in a numerical model. In this paper the accuracy of the Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme, which is applied to the linear shallow water equations, is examined in the context of a single abrupt change in nodal spacing. The (in)accuracy is quantified in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients. An incident wave impinging on the interface between two regions with different nodal spacings is shown to give rise to no reflected waves and two transmitted waves. The analysis is verified using three different wavelengths (2Δx, 4Δx 8Δx) in three ‘hot-start’ numerical experiments with a mesh expansion factor of 2 and three experiments with a mesh contraction factor of 1/2. An energy flux analysis based on the concept of group velocity shows that energy is conserved across the interface.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 46
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 811-832 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Non-uniform mesh ; Wave reflection/transmission ; Group velocity ; Crank-Nicolson finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Internal wave reflections and transmissions are examined for the Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme applied to the linear shallow water equations in a ID domain containing an abrupt change in nodal spacing. In Part I of this series the reflection/transmission analysis was verified by some ‘hot-start’ numerical experiments. Here in Part II, however, that analysis is found wanting when it comes to providing a description of the pseudo-steady state wave configuration which develops with some ‘cold-start’ experiments. It is shown that the analysis of Part I can be extended to take in both the ‘hot-’ and ‘cold-start’ experimental results such that four essentially different wave configurations can be identified. The four configurations are discernible on the basis of group velocity. In order to be sustained, two of the configurations require one energy source whereas the other two require two energy sòurces. Numerical experiments confirmed the analysis.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 776-777 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; growth ; selection ; size ; shape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fourier analysis of videodigitised outlines of mouse vertebrae from two stocks, a pseudo-longitudinal series of mice aged 25–60 days and one selected for large or small body size over many generations shows that the shape changes due to normal growth are not similar to those produced by selection for body size.
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  • 48
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 433-437 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: procaterol ; airway responsiveness ; bronchodilator ; dynamic compliance ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the effective site of an inhaled aerosol of procaterol, a β2-selective adrenergic bronchodilator, in 8 asthmatic patients whose basal lung functions are almost within the normal range in both slow vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0), and are free from asthmatic attack. In patients who had received procaterol 30 min after inhalation of aerosol, there was no significant change in VC, although FEV1.0, maximal expiratory flow at 50% VC $$(\dot V_{50} )$$ , maximal expiratory flow at 25% VC $$(\dot V_{25} )$$ and maximal expiratory flow at 30% VC of partial maximal expiratory flow volume curve $$(\dot V_{30p} )$$ improved significantly. On the other hand, in those who had received placebo, none of the parameters changed. Furthermore, Rl decreased and C0.5 increased significantly during the first 5 min after inhalation of procaterol aerosol. After an interval of 5 min, Rl did not change any further, while C0.5 continued to improve until 30 min after inhalation of procaterol. These results suggest that procaterol may first dilate the large airway and then may gradually dilate the small airway in bronchial asthma.
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  • 49
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 68 (1988), S. 283-292 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Pattern-electroretinogram ; melanoma ; retinal detachment ; glaucoma ; rod-electroretinogram ; cone-electroretinogram ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comparison between results obtained by pattern electroretinography (ERG), Ganzfeld cone and rod-ERG was made in 7 patients suffering from melanoma, glaucoma and retinal detachment. It was shown that the extent of the lesions, not seen ophthalmoscopically, can be well monitored by the second harmonic component of pattern electroretinography in cases where conventional Ganzfeld ERG's do not reveal defects. Especially damage caused by acute glaucoma attacks and those stemming from chronic hypertension can be well differentiated.
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  • 50
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 69 (1988), S. 153-159 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: diabetic retinopathy ; electroretinogram ; Fourier analysis ; oscillatory potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Studying the oscillatory potentials in diabetic retinopathy, the authors experienced several problems interpreting results of digital filtering. The main problem was the separation of the first potential from the a-wave, since their frequencies are within the same range. To improve the procedure of measuring implicit times and of calculating amplitudes, the filtering was started with a finite impulse response filter and followed by a fast Fourier transform. The power of the oscillatory potential was calculated by determining the dominant frequency in the Fourier transformed response and expressed in microwatts. A group of normal subjects was compared with a group of early diabetic retinopathy patients. It appears that even in pathological circumstances a quantitative expression of the oscillatory potential is possible.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Orthogonal factor analysis ; Factor analysis of dynamic structures ; Cardiac phantom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Orthogonal and oblique factor analysis represent an alternative to Fourier analysis in the evaluation of cardiac dynamic behaviour in gated blood pool studies. In order to estimate their respective places, orthogonal factor analysis (OFA), factor analysis of dynamic structures (FADS) and Fourier analysis (FA) are tested on a dynamic and periodical phantom with well known and reproducible kinetics. The phantom data are acquired under standard conditions by varying the counting rates and the temporal frequency sampling. To compare the results of the three methods with maximal objectivity, the relative contribution of each component is calculated. With standard acquisition conditions, FA and OFA give very close results. Only a minor advantage in evaluation of small phase differences is observed with OFA. FADS solutions are effectively related to the dynamic behaviour of the phantom, but their interpretation is more complicated and the quality of the oblique factors is reduced as the number of calculated factors increases. The influence of the counting statistics on FA, OFA and FADS is very similar. However, in cases of undersampling, robustness is demonstrated with the factorial technics.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: First pass ventriculography ; Coronary artery disease ; 99mTc-DTPA ; Cardiac functional images ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculograms were performed in 61 non infarcted, male, patients who underwent cardiac catheterization for chest pain and in 16 normal control subjects. Studies were performed using the first pass method with a fast single crystal gamma camera, which allowed a count rate of 140±19 Kcounts/sec to be reached during left ventricular filling; the count integral on left ventricular area was 10.8±1.6 Kcounts and the maximum count/pixel 155±16. We analyzed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of global ejection fraction (EF) and of the regional wall motion in identifying ventricular function abnormalities due to obstructive coronary artery disease. The regional wall motion was evaluated with four functional images: regional ejection fraction (REF), amplitude (A) and phase (PH) from Fourier analysis and systolic transit times (TT). Sensitivity was near 90% for EF, REF, A and TT, while PH was less sensitive (80%); all functional images were more specific (nearly 90%) than EF (80%). Both sensitivity and specificity were lower for the exercise EKG (59% and 63%, respectively) in this patient group. Significant differences between single vessel and multiple vessel disease were also observed either for the EF increase/decrease (-1.34±7.4 and-7.82±9.96; P〈0.05) or for the number of segments which developed wall motion abnormalities during exericise (1.22±0.73 and 2.15±1.04; P〈0.02). In conclusion, with our method, a fast single crystal gamma camera is suitable for obtaining optimal first pass radionuclide ventriculograms with a count density sufficient either for global or regional left ventricular function evaluation. First pass radionuclide ventriculography seems to provide very high diagnostic accuracy in the detection of cornorary artery disease in non infarcted, male, subjects.
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  • 53
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 5 (1986), S. 37-85 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 35Q10 ; 76B15 ; 76D05 ; 76C20 ; Navier-Stokes ; equatorial modes ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose is to calculate waves propagating along the equator in an oceanic domain and the influence of a characteristic mean equatorial circulation on the nature of these waves. Equations satisfied by perturbations of currents and temperature are of the Navier-Stokes type and have been linearized around a stationary solution. Existence and uniqueness of the solution have been proved. Numerical experiments have been carried out and provided us with time-dependent values. The excited waves are exhibited by Fourier analysis of these time series.
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  • 54
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    Experimental brain research 64 (1986), S. 5-18 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Striate cortex ; Fourier analysis ; Receptive fields
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Simple cells in the macaque striate cortex were tested with bars, edges and gratings. Spatial frequency tuning curves could be predicted from the spatial profiles plotted with bars and edges and the bandwidth could be evaluated more accurately by computing the mean from measured and predicted tuning curves. The results suggest that the mean relative spatial frequency bandwidth (Δf/fo) is nearly constant and of a moderate value. But at each optimal spatial frequency, cells with different bandwidths (about a factor of two) were recorded. The shapes of spatial response profiles resemble the corresponding spatial and spatial frequency characteristics of line and edge detectors evaluated psychophysically. Among the remaining cell types, concentric cells tend to be tuned to lower spatial frequencies and have broader bandwidths, whereas periodic cells prefer higher spatial frequencies and have narrower bandwidths. Thus the mean relative bandwidth tends to decrease significantly with spatial frequency (as required by a system of patch-by-patch Fourier analysis) only when cells with poor orientation selectivity and the non-linear silent periodic cells are included along with the simple cells. Simple cells, on their own, seem to form a quasi-linear contrast processing system which is more biased towards spatial accuracy than spatial frequency selectivity.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Cardiac phantom model ; Artificial heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using pusher-plate-type artificial hearts, changes in the degree of synchrony and stroke volume were compared to phase and amplitude calculations from the first Fourier component of individual-pixel time-activity curves generated from gated radionuclide images (RNA) of these hearts. In addition, the ability of Fourier analysis to quantify paradoxical volume shifts was tested using a ventricular aneurysm model by which the Fourier amplitude was correlated to known increments of paradoxical volume. Predetermined phase-angle differences (incremental increases in asynchrony) and the mean phase-angle difference calculated from RNAs showed an agreement of -7°±4.4° (mean ±SD). A strong correlation was noted between stroke volume and Fourier amplitude (r=0.98; P〈0.0001) as well as between the paradoxical volume accepted by the ‘aneurysm’ and the Fourier amplitude (r=0.97; P〈0.0001). The degree of asynchrony and changes in stroke volume were accurately reflected by the Fourier phase and amplitude values, respectively. In the specific case of ventricular aneurysms, the data demonstrate that using this method, the paradoxically moving areas may be localized, and the expansile volume within these regions can be quantified.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Ejection fraction ; Fourier analysis ; Second-derivative techniques ; Edge detection ; Ventriculography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to measure ejection fractions (EFs) from nuclear ventriculograms, we devised a semi-automated edge-detection technique based on a combination of inverse Fourier analysis and second-derivative techniques. Initial clinical studies showed that, for the left ventricle, our method gives EF values statistically identical with those obtained using a conventional isocontour technique. For the right ventricle, however, the values obtained using the two methods were somewhat more at variance. Despite requiring a longer processing time, the results obtained with our method are reproducible because less operator intervention is necessary.
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  • 57
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    Medical & biological engineering & computing 24 (1986), S. 255-260 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Aging ; Arteriosclerosis ; Autocorrelation ; Fourier analysis ; Photoplethysmography ; Pulse wave velocity ; Serum lipid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pulse wave patterns at a finger and a toe are obtained using photoplethysmography. The data recorded at two recording sites are transformed by digital filters into six waveforms and the transmission time of each wave is estimated by the crosscorrelation function. Relationships between the transmission times, age, and parameters obtained from several laboratory tests are examined using multiple regression analysis. The results may be summarised as follows: the power of photoplethysmograms of a finger and a toe is concentrated in the range below 6 or 8 Hz; age correlates highly with the transmission time of a pulse wave rather than with velocity; the multiple correlation coefficients between age and the transmission times is 0·853 in male and 0·866 in female; there are no differences of transmission time among disease types; the correlations between age and other parameters measured by laboratory tests, that is, total cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, β-lipoprotein, are very small.
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  • 58
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    Experimental brain research 61 (1985), S. 21-37 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Posture control ; Motion vision ; Static vision ; Stroboscopic illumination ; Accelerometry ; Fourier analysis ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The differential contributions of static versus dynamic visual cues to postural control were studied in human subjects. Lateral body oscillations were measured with accelerometers located at head, hips and ankle levels, while subjects righted their balance under various mechanical conditions: i) on either a soft (foam rubber) support or a hard one, and ii) in either the classical or the sharpened Romberg stance. The visual pattern (horizontal or vertical rectangular grating) was illuminated with either a stroboscopic bulb or a normal one, and control measurements were also taken in darkness for each mechanical condition. Acceleration signals were processed into their frequency power spectra, the mean area and shape of which were taken to characterize the postural skills involved and the effects of either the visual suppressions or the mechanical destabilizations. Although dynamic visual cues have already been found to play a major role in the control of lateral body sway (Amblard and Crémieux 1976), we demonstrate here that static visual cues, the only ones available under stroboscopic illumination, also make a clear though minor contribution. Hence we suggest the existence of two modes of visual control of lateral balance in man, which are well separated in terms of the frequency range of body sway: the first mechanism, which operates below 2 Hz and is strobe-resistant, seems to control the orientation of the upper part of the body; the second mechanism, which operates above 4 Hz, centers on about 7 Hz and is strobe-vulnerable, seems to immobilize the body working upwards from the feet. Thus static visual cues may slowly control re-orientation or displacement, whereas dynamic visual cues may contribute to fast stabilization of the body. In between the frequency ranges at which these two visuomotor mechanisms come into play, at about 3 Hz, there is what we call a “blind frequency”, a visually neutral sway frequency which may arise from the incompatibility of visual reorientation with visual stabilization, and where vision appears unable to reduce postural sway to any marked extent. Transmission of the destabilization produced by suppression of visual cues or by mechanical methods from one anatomical level to another is also briefly discussed in terms of bio-mechanical constraints, and the correlations between various pairs of levels are considered.
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  • 59
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    The journal of membrane biology 85 (1985), S. 233-243 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Chara ; Fourier analysis ; fusicoccin ; inductive effect ; membrane impedance ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The white noise method of measuring membrane impedance has been applied to internodal cells ofChara corallina. Fourier analysis of a white noise transmembrane current signal and the voltage response has been used to obtain the frequency-dependent impedance of the in-series combination of the plasmalemma and tonoplast membranes. The results are similar to those of other workers who have measured membrane impedances by different techniques. At very low frequencies the equivalent capacitance of the membrane treated as an RC-circuit becomes negative, indicating a pseudoinductive effect. Membrane impedance has been measured over a range of pH values from pH 5.2 to pH 11; impedance magnitude reaches a maximum at pH 7. At interesting effect of fusicoccin at pH 11 has been observed, in which a decrease in membrane conductance occurs simultaneously with a small hyperpolarization of membrane PD.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Time-activity curve ; peak filling rate ; filling fraction ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two methods for the analysis of left ventricle time-activity curve (TAC) of equilibrium gated ventriculography were compared in three groups of subjects [8 controls, 13 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), 11 patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The first method was based on third-degree polynomial fitting, the second on Fourier analysis. The following parameters were calculated: peak ejection rate (PER), peak filling rate (PFR), time to PER and PFR, and filling fraction at the first third of diastole. A preliminary study of changing values of PER and PFR and of the mean error with increasing number of harmonics summed in order to obtain the best fitting of TAC demonstrated that beyond the sum of the first four harmonics there was no further significant improvement. The advantages of Fourier analysis are as follows: 1) it is independent of the operator and fits only one function to the whole cardiac cycle; 2) it requires less computer time; 3) it provides better differentiation between controls and CAD patients. All of the 13 CAD patients had abnormal PFR on Fourier analysis, only 9 on polynomial analysis. At rest, 9 of the CAD patients had wall motion abnormalities, while only two had an abnormal ejection fraction.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Pattern recognition ; Fourier analysis ; Conduction abnormalities ; Radionuclide scintigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study of biventricular segmental timing sequences compared patterns of the first-harmonic phase with those of multiharmonic Fourier-analysis-derived parameters to determine their suitability for the classification of patients using an automatic pattern recognition scheme. The study involved nine patients with normal ECGs, six with left bundle branch block, 4 with right bundle branch block, and 6 with right-ventricular pacemakers; all patients had normal left-ventricular function. The segmental sequence described by the time of end systole was similar to that described by the first-harmonic phase, with a lower correlation using the time of maximum filling rate, and a rather poor correlation of the time of maximum ejection rate with the other parameters. Thus, despite theoretical difficulties, timing patterns described by phase best agreed with those of the time of end systole. Intersegmental timing differences were used as criteria for discriminating between groups by means of a sequential logic tree. Using either phase, time of end systole or time of maximum ejection rate, all patients were correctly classified into the four ECG categories. More intersegmental timing differences were useful as criteria for phase (57) than for the time of end systole (45) or the time of maximum ejection rate (30). The first-harmonic phase was more efficient than the time of end systole for separating patient groups. Sequential biventricular timing disorders can be objectively classified using either first-harmonic or multiharmonic Fourier analysis, and their patterns can be automatically recognized and used for classification.
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  • 62
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    European journal of nuclear medicine 10 (1985), S. 500-504 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Breathing artifacts ; List mode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The frequency content of the ungated radionuclide time-activity curves for left and right ventricles was analyzed using a power spectrum estimation technique. This technique was applied to ten patients. It was observed that 75% of the contraction power of any ventricle was contained in the fundamental and at least 98% contained in the fundamental plus the first harmonic. Patients presenting bigeminy and trigeminy had a completely different spectrum distribution which calls for a different interpretation. Low frequency spectrum lines have been observed at breathing frequency. Up to 62% of the total power may be contained in those spectrum lines.
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  • 63
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    Mathematical geology 17 (1985), S. 729-742 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: varves ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Varves from many environments have been used as paleoclimatic indicators. Measurement of varve thicknesses has typically been done manually, but an automated procedure would provide more accurate measurements with considerable savings in time. An automated method described herein involves digitizing an x ray of the core with a high-resolution optical densitometer. The two-dimensional optical density field is filtered to enhance the varve signal, and the filtered series is then used to define a series of line segments representing varve boundaries. The distance between adjacent boundaries is then averaged across the core to obtain the mean thickness of each layer. A section of thin laminae from near the bottom of a long core from the Gulf of California (Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 480) is analyzed to illustrate the technique.
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  • 64
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    Medical & biological engineering & computing 23 (1985), S. 511-516 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Cardiovascular system ; Flow visualisation ; Fourier analysis ; Hydrodynamic simulation ; Input impedance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A physical model is developed for the simulation of the left heart and systemic circulation. The simulator includes a transparent and compliant ventricle pumping into an arterial model. The ability of the system to reproduce thein vivo conditions accurately is demonstrated by quantitative comjcarisons with physiological pressure and flow waveforms. As an example of application, flow patterns within the ventricle obtained by visualisation techniques and ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry are presented. Its versatility makes the system an essential tool in cardiovascular flow dynamics.
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  • 65
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    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 387-396 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Viscoelasticity ; free vibrations ; dynamic modulus ; model calculations ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The theoretical basis for the determination of dynamic moduli of viscoelastic materials using free vibrations is critically reviewed. A new method is proposed which consists in a Fourier analysis of the response of the viscoelastic material to a pulse. This pulse spectrometry should offer a number of advantages, notably an unproved accuracy of the measurements, independence from critical damping conditions and determination of the dynamic moduli within a frequency window in one experiment.
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  • 66
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    Mathematical geology 13 (1981), S. 303-320 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: sedimentology ; outline shape ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Sedimentologists, among others, have been accustomed to the analysis of the shape of sedimentary particles. Recently such shapes have been subjected to more quantitative analysis, almost completely removing the subjective element so long inherent in the various indices. However, these quantitative analyses themselves are not free from qualitative bias, partly displayed in the choice of appropriate technique, and to some extent in the intermediate steps of the data collection and analysis. Various numerical methods are introduced within the framework of a typology based on whether the analysis is performed on the grain considered as an outline, or as a planar surface. Nine desirable properties are suggested, as a yardstick against which to evaluate the descriptors. In all these techniques the object is to examine a discrete approximation of single items, in two dimensions only. Some of the methods are nevertheless applicable to three dimensions.
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    European journal of applied physiology 43 (1980), S. 173-182 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; EMG ; Fourier analysis ; Fatigue ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four male and four female volunteers served as subjects in these experiments to assess the frequency components of the surface EMG during and following brief (3 s) and sustained isometric contractions of the handgrip muscles. Two types of fatiguing contractions were performed. Contractions were either maintained to fatigue at a constant tension of up to 100% of their strength or were maintained as a sustained maximal effort in the unfatigued or previously fatigued muscle. The frequency components of the surface EMG were assessed by calculating the power spectra of 1.5 s samples of the EMG from a fundamental frequency of 4 Hz through the first 128 harmonics by Fourier analysis; the centre frequencies of the resultant power spectra were then used as an index of the mean frequency of the EMG. The results of these experiments showed that the centre frequency was independent of the tension exerted by the muscle during brief isometric contractions but decreased linearly with time throughout the duration of fatiguing isometric contractions at tensions between 25 and 100% MVC. During sustained maximal effort, the frequency initially decreased linearly with time. However, once the target tension could no longer be maintained, the centre frequency remained constant throughout the remainder of the contraction. The frequency was found to recover within 1 min following exercise at all tensions examined.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; harmonic analysis ; packing ; principal components ; spatial analysis ; bryozoans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The Fourier packing ordinate provides a highly sensitive, univariate, and size-independent measurement of the polygonal packing variation in Paleozoic bryozoan colonies. It is potentially useful in quantifying a wide variety of natural packing arrays or polygonal networks, and is preferable to counting the sides of polygons, the frequency of triple or quadruple junctions, the nearest-neighbor statistic, measurements of surface area per unit cell, or individual harmonic amplitudes. Fourier shape analysis provides exact measurements of the levels of two- to six-fold rotational symmetry in all natural packing gradients. In bryozoans these symmetries are intercorrelated because as each order of symmetry is increasing, the previous order is decreasing. Shapes in these packing arrays are normally hybrids of two or more orders of rotational symmetry. The levels of rotational symmetry involved in these packing gradients are significantly correlated with a single principal component, the Fourier packing ordinate, which is independent of both size and cell boundary phenomena. Spatial analysis of the Fourier packing ordinate within an Ordovician bryozoan colony reveals both variation in packing caused by subcolony budding, as well as large scale trends which vary from the colony center to the free-growing margin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 69
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 49 (1980), S. 97-153 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Ophthalmodynamography ; Ophthalmodynamometry ; Carotid obstruction ; Stroke ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inventarisation of atraumatic methods of analysing the circulation in the carotid region shows that they generally can be classified as physiological or anatomical. Physiological methods focus on blood circulation time or on the pulsating changes in blood pressure, blood velocity, blood vessel diameter and cerebral volume. In this study the reliability of two pressure-dependent methods, namely ophthalmodynamography and ophthalmodynamometry, for the detection of haemodynamically significant carotid stenosis is established. Correct results were found in 78–82% of cases. Ophthalmodynamography, and the advantage of combining this method with ophthalmodynamometry, are more extensively investigated. Although in recent years attention has been focussed on the study of the blood velocity pulsations with the Doppler technique, maximal diagnostic efficacy can be expected from a combination of pressure and flow wave studies. A way to compare all the information contained in the curves can be found in the technique of Fourier analysis. The results obtained by Fourier analysis of the ophthalmodynamographic curves are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 70
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    European journal of applied physiology 41 (1979), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Dynamic exercise ; Static exercise ; EMG ; Fourier analysis ; Fatigue ; Temperature regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface EMG was recorded from above the quadriceps muscle in 3 male subjects during bicycle ergometry at work loads between 20 and 100% of the VO2 max to measure the EMG amplitude (RMS) and frequency (assessed from the center frequency of the power spectra) during this type of work. During brief (3 min) bouts of work the RMS amplitude of the EMG was linearly related to the work load; the center frequency of the EMG power spectra was the same at all work loads examined. In contrast, during sustained bouts of work maintained for 80 min at 20 and 40% of the VO2 max, the RMS amplitude of the EMG remained constant while the center frequency initially increased for the first 20 min of work and then progressively decreased as the work continued. When work loads of 60, 80, and 100% of the VO2 max were sustained to fatigue, the RMS amplitude continually increased while the EMG frequency decreased from the beginning to the end of the work periods. The results of this study showed that the EMG is a complex waveform, being influenced not only by fatigue, but to even a larger extent in many cases, the temperature of the exercising muscles. Therefore, although musclar fatigue caused an increase in the RMS amplitude and decrease in the center frequency, the increase in muscle temperature associated with the work opposed these changes by causing a reduction in the RMS amplitude and an increase in the center frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 71
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    Mathematical geology 9 (1977), S. 3-38 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: optical processing ; Fourier analysis ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Optical processing is a fast, easy, economical, and reliable method of quantifying map patterns. A reduced transparency of a zebra-like pattern, obtained by blackening in alternate contour bands of a map, is used as input to an optical system of a laser source and objective lens to produce Fourier transforms. By sampling the intensity distribution across the transform, information about the spatial frequency (periodicity) and orientation in the original map can be inferred. Parameters used for comparing the map images are the values of intensity distribution in the transform. These intensities are normalized and subjected to comparison using various similarity methods. Cross-multiplication of the intensities is suggested as a measure of vectorial comparison of the orientations. By plotting the directional intensities into a polar coordinate system, rose diagrams are prepared for visual comparison. Optically derived parameters are independent of scale and other restrictive and limiting requirements as demanded in techniques of map analyses based on numerically derived parameters. The technique can be used in analyzing other pictorial data including aerial photographs, rock-fabric diagrams, and thin sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 72
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    Mathematical geology 8 (1976), S. 183-202 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; paleontology ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A system of strain analysis based on the application of a homogeneous strain transformation in plane polar coordinates to match deformed shapes of the same initial form is described. Two types of transformation are derived. A simple transformation between the deformed and the undeformed states, used to compare deformed shapes with a predetermined initial configuration, is recorded in the form of a plane polar coordinate Fourier series. This method allows reliable strain estimates to be made from single specimens of a fossil in an area where sufficient consistency of original shape has been established. A transformation describing the difference in relative strain between local polar coordinate systems in the same overall homogeneous deformation field, is used to compare the members of a group of deformed shapes with one another. This transformation allows the determination of the optimum initial ‘mean shape’of a group of fossils in a deformed rock as well as giving a strain measurement. The use of parabolic integration enhances the determination of the Fourier descriptions, and allows the use of irregularly spaced data. Inherent mathematical features of the method provide controls on the accuracy of the determination. The relatively mechanical nature of the input and the general form of the solution make the method readily applicable in semiautomated systems.
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  • 73
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    Mathematical geology 8 (1976), S. 151-163 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; power-spectrum analysis ; paleoecology ; paleontology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Fourier analysis of shape provides a unique means of studying morphologic variation of bivalves, especially in terms of their evolution and autecology. Amplitude spectra resulting from analysis may be refined, summarized, and further evaluated by a series of statistical measures designed to extract the maximum amount of information from outline features. Root mean square error comparison of harmonics, combined with a modified analysis of variance design and Snedecor's F-test, permits identification of significant amplitudes. Intra- and interspecific variation may be expressed as variance about mean power estimates derived from significant amplitudes for each species. Variance estimates of 14 species of heterodont bivalves indicate that venerid bivalves show considerably more intraspecific shape variability than do tellinid species. In both groups, however, species characterized by more elongate shells show less intraspecific variability. Evolutionary and environmental implications of interspecific shape variance in bivalves suggest that future comprehensive examination of specimens, collected in situ, may be fruitful.
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  • 74
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    Mathematical geology 8 (1976), S. 243-266 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; Fourier analysis ; mathematics ; numerical analysis ; time series ; well logging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Sequence convolution formulae, based on the B-splines of I. J. Schoenberg provide simple and effective methods for smoothing and differentiating data sequences. Their time and frequency domain properties allow calculation of the degree of smoothing and noise rejection, and their z-transforms lead to the rapid calculation of formulae from a simple sequence of polynomials. As an example of their use, numerical differentiation is used to produce smooth velocity—depth profiles and to delineate major velocity discontinuities from time—depth data logged at a well.
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  • 75
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    Mathematical geology 7 (1975), S. 267-278 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; pattern analysis ; geomorphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A deformation mechanism is described and analyzed. It is intended for height patterns exposed to erosion and tectonic activity. A simulation experiment is carried out for this model. Closedform expressions are derived for the covariance field, the properties of spectral estimates, and for the optimal retrospective reconstruction of earlier, unknown height patterns. For obvious reasons the author is in no position to make claims about the verisimilitude of the model. It is offered as an example of a potential application to geology of the theory of patterns developed by the author and his coworkers in recent years. It is hoped that those more qualified than the author in the subject matter area can extend and modify the analysis to make it closer to geological reality.
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  • 76
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    Mathematical geology 5 (1973), S. 321-339 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: factor analysis ; Fourier analysis ; mapping ; petrology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Mathematical methods were employed in an investigation of syntexis in the “Gabbro di Sondalo,” a mafic igneous formation in the Central Alps (Italy). A set of 100 specimens was selected according to sampling criteria and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence for eight elements; Q-mode and R-mode factor analysis then was applied to these data. Results of the computations indicate that the general trend of differentiation is related to the syntexis of gneissic wall rocks (“Gneiss del Monte Tonale”) in the mafic melt. Ca and Mg are abundant in the gabbro, and Si and K in the gneiss; the independent variation trend of Fe and Ti may be related to a differentiation episode due to a magmatic phase. Spatial representation of multivariate data on differentiation also was performed on the main elements and a picture of the trend of syntexis was mapped.
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  • 77
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    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; graphics ; mapping ; spatial filtering ; trend analysis ; stratigraphy ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Z-trend maps are a simplified lineprinter version of spatially filtered maps designed to give a quick visual appraisal of trends. The printout shows a “yes-no” configuration by a printed character or a blank so that the map has a conspicuous pattern. This pattern reflects the presence, position, and trend of the desired features. If a reasonable symbol density ratio is used the results can be visually pleasing thus enhancing trend recognition. Z-trending can be adapted to any map with stationary properties but is most easily applied to data that have been filtered with a bandpass operator.
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  • 78
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    Mathematical geology 3 (1971), S. 157-170 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; Fourier analysis ; moving average ; time series
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the analysis of the linear modely(n)=Xβ(n)+S(n)+γ(n) for the data sequencey(n) (n=1, 2, ..., N) whereX={x IJ} is a knownJ × M matrix of full rankM. Here, theβ(n) are unknown vectors, which we wish to estimate for eachn; S(n) (n=1, 2, ..., N) is a periodic component (which we wish to estimate or remove) superimposed on the linear structureXβ(n); andγ(n) is an error vector which is specified as having zero expectation (with possible further properties). Such models commonly occur in geophysical data analysis.
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  • 79
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 54 (1993), S. 331-341 
    ISSN: 0022-3697
    Keywords: BaF"2 ; Fourier analysis ; Sm^3^+ ion ; diffusion ; interstitial fluorine ion ; ionic thermocurrent (ITC) ; space charge
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 80
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular Biology 235 (1994), S. 1278-1290 
    ISSN: 0022-2836
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; helical motif ; integrin ; talin ; vinculin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 81
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Computer Physics Communications 36 (1985), S. 25-57 
    ISSN: 0010-4655
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Poisson's equation ; capacity matrix ; cyclic reduction ; dielectric interfaces ; direct methods ; electrodes ; irregular regions ; isolated system ; two-dimensional
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Computer Science , Physics
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  • 82
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Computer Physics Communications 16 (1978), S. 93-112 
    ISSN: 0010-4655
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Fourier coefficients ; approximation ; complex functions ; general purpose ; interpolation ; spline functions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Computer Science , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 83
    ISSN: 0168-1176
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; ion trap ; time-of-flight.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 84
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 49 (1994), S. 813-817 
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Anticholinergic ; Fourier analysis ; Haloperidol ; Licking ; Neuroleptic ; Parkinson-like ; Rat ; Scopolamine ; Tongue
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 85
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 13 (1991), S. 307-315 
    ISSN: 0141-8130
    Keywords: Ceratitis capitata ; Fourier analysis ; eggshell (chorion) protein structure ; infrared spectroscopy ; secondary structure prediction ; tandemly repeating peptide motifs
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 86
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 11 (1989), S. 307-313 
    ISSN: 0141-8130
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Fourier analysis ; chorion protein structure ; infrared spectroscopy ; secondary structure prediction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 87
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 14 (1992), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 0141-8130
    Keywords: Alcaligenes eutrophus ; Fourier analysis ; Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) ; Rhodobacter sphaeroides
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 88
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Optics and Laser Technology 20 (1988), S. 156-160 
    ISSN: 0030-3992
    Keywords: Bragg diffraction ; Fourier analysis ; Raman-Nath diffraction ; holographic gratings
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Optics and Laser Technology 21 (1989), S. 117-122 
    ISSN: 0030-3992
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; irradiance moments ; phase-shifting interferometry ; surface classification
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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