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  • 1985-1989  (123,171)
  • 1986  (123,171)
Source
Material
Years
Year
Person/Organisation
Keywords
Language
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Computing : archives for informatics and numerical computation; Supplementum (1977-2003)
    Wien [u.a.] :Springer, ; 1.1977 - 16.2003; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Details
    Title: Computing : archives for informatics and numerical computation; Supplementum
    Publisher: Wien [u.a.] :Springer,
    Year of publication: 1977-2003
    Dates of Publication: 1.1977 - 16.2003; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Type of Medium: Book
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  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    SIGBIO newsletter / (from 1969-2001)
    New York, NY :ACM, ; 1.1969 - 7.1975/76; N.S. 1.1976 - 21.2001,1; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Details
    Title: SIGBIO newsletter /
    Author: Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Biomedical Computing
    Publisher: New York, NY :ACM,
    Year of publication: 1969-2001
    Dates of Publication: 1.1969 - 7.1975/76; N.S. 1.1976 - 21.2001,1; damit Ersch. eingest.
    ISSN: 0163-5697
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Parallel Title: Internetausg. ---〉:Biomedical computing
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  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    ¬The¬ journal of logic programming (from 1984-2000)
    New York, NY :North-Holland, ; 1.1984 - 46.2000
    Details
    Title: ¬The¬ journal of logic programming
    Publisher: New York, NY :North-Holland,
    Year of publication: 1984-2000
    Dates of Publication: 1.1984 - 46.2000
    ISSN: 0743-1066
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:¬The¬ journal of logic and algebraic programming
    Parallel Title: Internetausg. ---〉:¬The¬ journal of logic and algebraic programming
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Computer personnel : a quarterly publ. of the Special Interest Group on Computer Personnel Research, SIGCPR (1971-1999)
    New York, NY :ACM, ; Nachgewiesen 2.1971 - 20.1999,4; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Details
    Title: Computer personnel : a quarterly publ. of the Special Interest Group on Computer Personnel Research, SIGCPR
    Publisher: New York, NY :ACM,
    Year of publication: 1971-1999
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 2.1971 - 20.1999,4; damit Ersch. eingest.
    ISSN: 0160-2497
    Type of Medium: Book
    Parallel Title: Internetausg. ---〉:Computer personnel
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  • 5
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    SIGNUM newsletter (from 1969-1998)
    New York, NY :ACM, ; 4.1969 - 33.1998,2; damit Ersch. eingest
    Details
    Title: SIGNUM newsletter
    Author: Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Numerical Mathematics
    Publisher: New York, NY :ACM,
    Year of publication: 1969-1998
    Dates of Publication: 4.1969 - 33.1998,2; damit Ersch. eingest
    ISSN: 0163-5778
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Committee on Numerical Mathematics: SICNUM newsletter
    Additional Information: 16,3=3,2 von:Association for Computing Machinery / Technical Committee on Fortran: FORTEC forum
    Parallel Title: Internetausg. ---〉:Numerical mathematics
    URL: Nur Table of Contents.
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  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Computer networks and ISDN systems : the international journal of computer and telecommunications networking (from 1985-1998)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] :Elsevier [u.a.], ; 9.1985 - 30.1998
    Details
    Title: Computer networks and ISDN systems : the international journal of computer and telecommunications networking
    Publisher: Amsterdam [u.a.] :Elsevier [u.a.],
    Year of publication: 1985-1998
    Dates of Publication: 9.1985 - 30.1998
    ISSN: 0169-7552 , 0376-5075
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Subsequent Title: Vorg. u. Forts. ---〉:Computer networks
    Note: Computer networks for research in Europe
    Additional Information: In 14,1=15 von:Networkshop: Conference report
    Additional Information: 16,1/2=4; 17,4/5=5 von:European Networkshop: European Networkshop
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  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Unix review : the publication for the Unix community (from 1983-1998)
    San Francisco, Calif. :Miller Freeman, ; 1.1983 - 16.1998,3
    Details
    Title: Unix review : the publication for the Unix community
    Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. :Miller Freeman,
    Year of publication: 1983-1998
    Dates of Publication: 1.1983 - 16.1998,3
    ISSN: 0742-3136
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:Unix review's performance computing
    Parallel Title: Internetausg. ---〉:Unix review.com
    URL: Zugriff lizenzfrei
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  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Supercomputer : bimonthly magazine on supercomputing in the Netherlands (from 1984-1997)
    Amsterdam :Amsterdam Universities Computing Centre, ; Nr. 1.1984 - 69.1997; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Details
    Title: Supercomputer : bimonthly magazine on supercomputing in the Netherlands
    Publisher: Amsterdam :Amsterdam Universities Computing Centre,
    Year of publication: 1984-1997
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1984 - 69.1997; damit Ersch. eingest.
    ISSN: 0168-7875
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Note: Teils auch mit Jg.-Zählung
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  • 9
    Book
    Book
    Online : erfolgreiches Informationsmanagement, ADI-Nachrichten, ÖVD ; Organ d. ADI - Anwenderverband Deutscher Informationsverarbeiter e.V (1973-1997)
    Bergheim :DATACOM-Zeitschriften-Verl., | Köln Müller -1993,9 ; 11.1973 - 14.1976; 19.1981 - 20.1982; 1983 - 1994; 32.1995 - 34.1997,10
    Details
    Title: Online : erfolgreiches Informationsmanagement, ADI-Nachrichten, ÖVD ; Organ d. ADI - Anwenderverband Deutscher Informationsverarbeiter e.V
    Contributer: Anwenderverband Deutscher Informationsverarbeiter
    Publisher: Bergheim :DATACOM-Zeitschriften-Verl., , Köln Müller -1993,9
    Year of publication: 1973-1997
    Dates of Publication: 11.1973 - 14.1976; 19.1981 - 20.1982; 1983 - 1994; 32.1995 - 34.1997,10
    ISSN: 0340-1545 , 0179-6623 , 0342-9393
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: Undetermined
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉:Zeitschrift für Datenverarbeitung
    Subsequent Title: 15.1977 - 18.1980 ---〉:ADL-Verband für Informationsverarbeitung: ADL-Nachrichten, Online
    Subsequent Title: Aufgeg. in ---〉:Information week
    Note: Später ohne Zählung
    Additional Information: Beil. ---〉:Drucker spezial
    Additional Information: Beil. ---〉:Online / special
    Additional Information: Darin ---〉:Anwenderverband Deutscher Informationsverarbeiter: ADI-Nachrichten, ÖVD
    Additional Information: Beil. ---〉:Pro info
    Additional Information: Beil. ---〉:Online-Info
    Additional Information: 1996 darin ---〉:Datacom-Special
    Parallel Title: 19.1981 auch in ---〉:Öffentliche Verwaltung und Datenverarbeitung
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Unix mail : Europas erster Informationsdienst für Unix-Hersteller und -Anwender (from 1983-1996)
    München :Hanser, ; 1.1983 - 14.1996,6
    Details
    Title: Unix mail : Europas erster Informationsdienst für Unix-Hersteller und -Anwender
    Publisher: München :Hanser,
    Year of publication: 1983-1996
    Dates of Publication: 1.1983 - 14.1996,6
    ISSN: 0176-8654
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:¬Die¬ blauen Blätter
    Parallel Title: CD-ROM-Ausg. ---〉:Unix mail, die blauen Blätter
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Cray channels : a Cray Research, Inc. publication (from 1984-1996)
    Minneapolis, Minn. :Cray Research, Inc., ; Nachgewiesen 6.1984 - 18.1996,2; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Details
    Title: Cray channels : a Cray Research, Inc. publication
    Contributer: Cray Research, Inc. 〈Mendota Heights, Minn.〉
    Publisher: Minneapolis, Minn. :Cray Research, Inc.,
    Year of publication: 1984-1996
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 6.1984 - 18.1996,2; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Nachrichtentechnische Zeitschrift : NTZ ; Zeitschrift für Informationstechnik u. Telekommunikation ; Organ der Nachrichtentechnischen Gesellschaft im VDE (from 1955-1995)
    Berlin :VDE-Verl., ; 8.1955,10 - 40.1987,2; 40.1987,6 - 48.1995,2
    Details
    Title: Nachrichtentechnische Zeitschrift : NTZ ; Zeitschrift für Informationstechnik u. Telekommunikation ; Organ der Nachrichtentechnischen Gesellschaft im VDE
    Contributer: Nachrichtentechnische Gesellschaft / Fachausschuß Informationsverarbeitung
    Publisher: Berlin :VDE-Verl.,
    Year of publication: 1955-1995
    Dates of Publication: 8.1955,10 - 40.1987,2; 40.1987,6 - 48.1995,2
    ISSN: 0027-707X
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉:Fernmeldetechnische Zeitschrift
    Subsequent Title: 40.1987,3-5 u. Forts. ---〉:NTZ
    Note: Mikro-Elektronik
    Additional Information: Beih. ---〉:Nachrichtentechnische Fachberichte
    Additional Information: Index 1/10=11 von:Nachrichtentechnische Fachberichte
    Parallel Title: CD-ROM-Ausg. 1994 - 1995 ---〉:Elektronisches Zeitschriftenarchiv
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Zeitschrift für Operations-Research : ZOR ; mathematical methods of operations research (from 1972-1995)
    Heidelberg :Physica-Verl., ; 16.1972 - 42.1995
    Details
    Title: Zeitschrift für Operations-Research : ZOR ; mathematical methods of operations research
    Publisher: Heidelberg :Physica-Verl.,
    Year of publication: 1972-1995
    Dates of Publication: 16.1972 - 42.1995
    ISSN: 0340-9422
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉:Ablauf- und Planungsforschung
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:Mathematical methods of operations research
    Note: Ser. A, Theorie = H. 1,3,5,7 d. Jg.; Ser. B, Praxis = H. 2,4,6,8 d. Jg. , Deutsche Gesellschaft für Operations-Research
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Annual review in automatic programming (from 1960-1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] :Pergamon Press, ; 1.1960 - 19.1995
    Details
    Title: Annual review in automatic programming
    Publisher: Oxford [u.a.] :Pergamon Press,
    Year of publication: 1960-1995
    Dates of Publication: 1.1960 - 19.1995
    ISSN: 0066-4138
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:Annual reviews in control
    Additional Information: 1=3; 2=6, 3=11, 4=12; 5=13,2 von:International tracts in computer science and technology and their application
    Additional Information: 8=7; 9,2/3=8; 10=10; 11=11; 13,1=13; 14,1=15 von:Real time programming
    Additional Information: 12,1-12,2=2 von:Systems analysis and simulation
    Additional Information: 13,2=5 von:Control applications of nonlinear programming and optimization
    Parallel Title: Internetausg. ---〉:Annual reviews in control
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  • 15
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    IBM-Nachrichten / (from 1972-1995)
    Stuttgart :IBM, ; 22.1972,Apr. - 45.1995 = Nr. 210-323; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Details
    Title: IBM-Nachrichten /
    Author: IBM Deutschland GmbH 〈Stuttgart〉
    Publisher: Stuttgart :IBM,
    Year of publication: 1972-1995
    Dates of Publication: 22.1972,Apr. - 45.1995 = Nr. 210-323; damit Ersch. eingest.
    ISSN: 0018-8662
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉:Internationale Büro-Maschinen-Gesellschaft Deutschland 〈Sindelfingen〉: IBM-Nachrichten
    Additional Information: Beil. ---〉:Hollerith-Mitteilungen
    Parallel Title: CD-ROM-Ausg. ---〉:IBM Deutschland GmbH 〈Stuttgart〉: IBM-Nachrichten
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  • 16
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    SIGMICRO newsletter : a quarterly publ. of the Special Interest Group on Microprogramming (from 1971-1995)
    New York, NY :ACM, ; 2.1971/72 - 16.1985; 19.1988 - 26.1995; damit Ersch. eingest.
    Details
    Title: SIGMICRO newsletter : a quarterly publ. of the Special Interest Group on Microprogramming
    Author: Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Microprogramming
    Publisher: New York, NY :ACM,
    Year of publication: 1971-1995
    Dates of Publication: 2.1971/72 - 16.1985; 19.1988 - 26.1995; damit Ersch. eingest.
    ISSN: 0163-5751 , 1050-916X
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Committee on Microprocessing: SICMICRO newsletter
    Subsequent Title: 17.1986 - 18.1987 ---〉:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Microprogramming: SIGMICRO TCMICRO newsletter
    Additional Information: Beil. ---〉:Microprogramming bibliography
    Additional Information: 9,4=11; 12,4=14; 13,4=15 von:Micro
    Additional Information: 20,3=22 von:International Workshop on Microprogramming and Microarchitecture: Annual International Workshop on Microprogramming and Microarchitecture
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  • 17
    Book
    Book
    Data-base 〈New York,NY〉 : db ; a quarterly publication of the Special Interest Group on Business Information Technology of the Association for Computing Machinery (1971-1994)
    New York, NY, ; 3.1971 - 25.1994
    Details
    Title: Data-base 〈New York,NY〉 : db ; a quarterly publication of the Special Interest Group on Business Information Technology of the Association for Computing Machinery
    Contributer: Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Business Data Processing , Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Business Information Technology
    Publisher: New York, NY,
    Year of publication: 1971-1994
    Dates of Publication: 3.1971 - 25.1994
    ISSN: 0095-0033
    Type of Medium: Book
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉 SIGBDP news-letter
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:¬The¬ data-base for advances in information systems
    Additional Information: Einzelne Bd. zugl. Bd. von:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Management of Data: SIGMOD record
    Additional Information: 12,4u.13,1=2 von:Data-base directions
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  • 18
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    MC 〈München〉 : Computerpraxis für technische Anwender (from 1981-1994)
    München :Franzis-Verl., ; 1981 - 1994,6
    Details
    Title: MC 〈München〉 : Computerpraxis für technische Anwender
    Publisher: München :Franzis-Verl.,
    Year of publication: 1981-1994
    Dates of Publication: 1981 - 1994,6
    ISSN: 0720-4442 , 0941-777X , 0943-5409
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Subsequent Title: Aufgeg. in ---〉:DOS international
    Note: Auch mit fehlerhafter Jg.-Zählung im Impressum
    Additional Information: 1992 Sonderh. ---〉:WINbox
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  • 19
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    SIGSMALL - PC notes : a publication of the Special Interest Group on Small and Personal Computing Systems and Applications, Association for Computing Machinery (from 1984-1993)
    New York, NY :ACM, ; 10.1984,4 - 19.1993/94,2(1993)
    Details
    Title: SIGSMALL - PC notes : a publication of the Special Interest Group on Small and Personal Computing Systems and Applications, Association for Computing Machinery
    Author: Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Small and Personal Computing Systems and Applications
    Publisher: New York, NY :ACM,
    Year of publication: 1984-1993
    Dates of Publication: 10.1984,4 - 19.1993/94,2(1993)
    ISSN: 0893-2875
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Small Computing Systems and Applications: SIGSMALL newsletter
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Individual Computing Environments: SIGICE bulletin
    Note: Zählung von "SIGSMALL newsletter" übernommen
    Parallel Title: Internetausg. ---〉:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Small and Personal Computing Systems and Applications: ACM SIGSMALL - PC notes
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  • 20
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    International journal of man machine studies (from 1969-1993)
    London [u.a.], ; 1.1969 - 39.1993
    Details
    Title: International journal of man machine studies
    Publisher: London [u.a.],
    Year of publication: 1969-1993
    Dates of Publication: 1.1969 - 39.1993
    ISSN: 0020-7373
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:International journal of human - computer studies
    Note: Index 1/4.1969/72 in: 4.1972
    Additional Information: 10,3=5 von:Man Computer Communications Conference: Proceedings
    Parallel Title: Internetausg. ---〉:International journal of man machine studies
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  • 21
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    SIGACT news : publ. by the ACM Special Interest Group on Automata and Computability Theory (from 1969-1992)
    New York, NY :ACM, ; 1.1969 - 23.1992,2 = Nr. 1-83
    Details
    Title: SIGACT news : publ. by the ACM Special Interest Group on Automata and Computability Theory
    Author: Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Automata and Computability Theory
    Contributer: Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Committee on Automata and Computability Theory
    Publisher: New York, NY :ACM,
    Year of publication: 1969-1992
    Dates of Publication: 1.1969 - 23.1992,2 = Nr. 1-83
    ISSN: 0163-5700
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory: SIGACT news
    Additional Information: In 12.1980,2 Index 1/12.1969/80 von ---〉:Symposium on Theory of Computing: Conference record of the ... annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing
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  • 22
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Informationstechnik : it ; Computer, Systeme, Anwendungen (from 1986-1992)
    München :Oldenbourg, ; 28.1986 - 34.1992
    Details
    Title: Informationstechnik : it ; Computer, Systeme, Anwendungen
    Publisher: München :Oldenbourg,
    Year of publication: 1986-1992
    Dates of Publication: 28.1986 - 34.1992
    ISSN: 0179-9738 , 0013-5720
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉:Elektronische Rechenanlagen
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:Informationstechnik und technische Informatik
    Note: it-Seminar
    Additional Information: Beil. ---〉:Euro-KI-Führer
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  • 23
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    SIGPLAN notices : a monthly publication of the Special Interest Group on Programming Languages of the Association for Computing Machinery (from 1966-1991)
    New York, NY :ACM, ; 1.1966 - 26.1991,9u.11
    Details
    Title: SIGPLAN notices : a monthly publication of the Special Interest Group on Programming Languages of the Association for Computing Machinery
    Author: Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Programming Languages
    Publisher: New York, NY :ACM,
    Year of publication: 1966-1991
    Dates of Publication: 1.1966 - 26.1991,9u.11
    ISSN: 0362-1340
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Subsequent Title: 26.1991,10 u. Forts. ---〉:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Programming Languages: ACM SIGPLAN notices
    Additional Information: 6,2=1971 von:Symposium on Data Structures in Programming Languages: Proceedings of a Symposium on Data Structures in Programming Languages
    Additional Information: 17,4=10,2; 22,10=15,5; 24,spec.iss.=17,2; 26,4=19,2 von:Computer architecture news
    Additional Information: 21,10=1986 von:Workshop on Object Oriented Programming: Transcript
    Additional Information: 11,6=10,1 von:Computer graphics
    Additional Information: 16,6=2,1/2 von:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Office Automation: SIGOA newsletter
    Additional Information: 14,8=1979; 17,6=1982; 19,6=1984; 21,7=1986 von:Symposium on Compiler Construction: Proceedings of the SIGPLAN Symposium on Compiler Construction
    Additional Information: 20,7=1985 von:Symposium on Language Issues in Programming Environments: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN ... Symposium on Language Issues in Programming Environments
    Additional Information: 19,5=1; 22,1=2; 24,2=3 von:Software Engineering Symposium on Practical Software Development Environments: Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT SIGPLAN Software Engineering Symposium on Practical Software Development Environments
    Additional Information: 22,10=2; 24,spec.iss.=3 von:International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems: Proceedings
    Additional Information: 23,7=1988; 24,7=1989; 25,6=1990 von:Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation: Proceedings of the SIGPLAN ... Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation
    Additional Information: 21,11=1; 22,12=2; 23,11=3; 24,10=4 von:OOPSLA: Conference proceedings
    Additional Information: 22,10=21,4; 24,spec.iss.=23,spec.iss.; 26,4=25,spec.iss. von:Operating systems review
    Additional Information: 17,4=1982 von:Symposium on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems: Proceedings
    URL: 5.1970 - 34.1999: Contents; 35.2000 -: Volltexte
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  • 24
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Soviet journal of numerical analysis and mathematical modelling (from 1986-1991)
    Utrecht :VNU Science Press, ; 1.1986 - 6.1991
    Details
    Title: Soviet journal of numerical analysis and mathematical modelling
    Publisher: Utrecht :VNU Science Press,
    Year of publication: 1986-1991
    Dates of Publication: 1.1986 - 6.1991
    ISSN: 0169-2895
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:Russian journal of numerical analysis and mathematical modelling
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  • 25
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    SIGART newsletter : a bimonthly publ. of the ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence (from 1969-1989)
    New York, NY :ACM, ; Nachgewiesen Nr. 15.1969 - 110.1989
    Details
    Title: SIGART newsletter : a bimonthly publ. of the ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence
    Author: Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence
    Publisher: New York, NY :ACM,
    Year of publication: 1969-1989
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen Nr. 15.1969 - 110.1989
    ISSN: 0163-5719
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Subsequent Title: Forts. ---〉:Association for Computing Machinery / Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence: SIGART bulletin
    Additional Information: 73=1; 80=2 von:Workshop on Distributed AI: Report on the Workshop on Distributed AI
    Additional Information: 84=3 von:Workshop on Distributed Artificial Intelligence: Report on the ... Annual Workshop on Distributed Artificial Intelligence
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  • 26
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Angewandte Informatik : Applied informatics (from 1971-1989)
    Braunschweig ; Wiesbaden :Vieweg, ; 13.1971 - 31.1989
    Details
    Title: Angewandte Informatik : Applied informatics
    Publisher: Braunschweig ; Wiesbaden :Vieweg,
    Year of publication: 1971-1989
    Dates of Publication: 13.1971 - 31.1989
    ISSN: 0013-5704
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Language: Undetermined
    Former Title: Vorg. ---〉:Elektronische Datenverarbeitung
    Additional Information: Beil. CAK
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  • 27
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Mathematical programming / (from 1971-1987)
    Amsterdam :North-Holland Publ., ; 1.1971 - 39.1987
    Details
    Title: Mathematical programming /
    Contributer: Mathematical Programming Society
    Publisher: Amsterdam :North-Holland Publ.,
    Year of publication: 1971-1987
    Dates of Publication: 1.1971 - 39.1987
    ISSN: 0025-5610
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Note: Teils ohne Unterreihenbez.
    Additional Information: 1,1-3=7; 4-5=8 von:International Mathematical Programming Symposium: Proceedings of the ... International Mathematical Programming Symposium
    URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/103081/
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  • 28
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Mathematical programming /; Study (from 1974-1987)
    Amsterdam :North-Holland Publ. Co., ; 1.1974 - 31.1987.
    Details
    Title: Mathematical programming /; Study
    Contributer: Mathematical Programming Society
    Publisher: Amsterdam :North-Holland Publ. Co.,
    Year of publication: 1974-1987
    Dates of Publication: 1.1974 - 31.1987.
    ISSN: 0303-3929
    Type of Medium: Journal/Serial
    Subsequent Title: :Mathematical programming / B
    Additional Information: 13:Conference on Combinatorial Optimization: Conference on Combinatorial Optimization
    Additional Information: 27-28:Stochastic programming
    Additional Information: 22:Mathematical programming at Oberwolfach
    Additional Information: :Combinatorial optimization
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminergic Neurotransmitter and Water Content Changes in Rats After Transient Forebrain Ischemia (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We have studied changes of cerebral monoamine metabolism and water content, during recirculation following global transient ischemia (20 min) using the four-vessel occlusion model in rats. Levels of monoamines and their metabolites were determined in cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Water content was evaluated by weight and by the analysis of Tl and T2 relaxation times in 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. Norepinephine levels decreased; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels oscillated and levels of the end products homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid increased. The regional changes were qualitatively similar but quantitatively different, and were greatest in the hippocampus, illustrating the concept of neuronal selective vulnerability. The changes suggest an initial monoarhine depletion and catabolism due to massive release from stores followed by autoregulatory processes. The water content increased moderately, with a maximum at 1 h. The variations of Tl were similar, positively correlated with water content and more pronounced in the cortex than in the white matter. T2 was markedly altered over the entire 24-h period. Those latter parameters are positively correlated with 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration in the hypothalamus consistent with a relationship between 5-hydroxytryptamine and cerebral edema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13072.x
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Microheterogeneity of the Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Is Not Related to Functional Diversity Identified by Differences in Affinity for Pirenzepine (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The muscarinic receptor for acetylcholine shows a diversity in ligand binding properties and effector mechanisms which have suggested the existence of two subtypes (M1 and M2), to which the selective antagonist pirenzepine binds with markedly different affinities. The receptor from rat brain, covalently labelled with the alkylating antagonist tritiated propylbenzilylcholine mustard, displays a structural microheterogeneity on electrophoresis, covering the region of apparent molecular weight 66,000-76,000, with dominant components at 68,000 and 73,000. Selective inhibition by pirenzepine of labelling of the M1 receptor with tritiated mustard has been analysed on fluorographs of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels and shown to cause a uniform reduction in radioactive labelling of the broad receptor peak, rather than selectively inhibiting either the high- or low-molecular-weight regions of the band. It is further shown that although this receptor microheterogeneity is found for each of four brain regions studied, it is not found for the heart receptor, which gives a discrete labelled band of apparent molecular weight 72,000. It is therefore suggested that the structural microheterogeneity is the result of tissue-specific, posttranslational modification of the molecule, such as glycosylation, and is not directly related to the functional diversity of the receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13077.x
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Gliosed Human White Matter (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in gliosed white matter from multiple sclerosis plaques and cerebral infarcts was examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Using a monoclonal antibody raised against human GFAP, up to 11 GFAP polypeptide bands of molecular weight 37–49 kilodaltons were identified in paniculate and supernatant fractions of CNS tissue homogenates. Soluble GFAP constituted about one-quarter of the total GFAP in normal cerebral white matter. In brain lesions in which reactive astrocytes were observed microscopically, the proportion of soluble GFAP was increased, with a greater representation of the lower-molecular-weight forms. In brain chronic sclerotic plaques, almost all of the GFAP was in the paniculate form. Purified paniculate GFAP was susceptible to proteolysis at acid but not at neutral pH in the presence of CNS homogenates. In tissue autolysis studies, GFAP was stable in situ for periods well in excess of average CNS postmortem times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13079.x
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Ganglioside Species (GD1α) Migrates at a Slow Rate and CMP-Sialic Acid Severalfold Faster in Xenopus Sciatic Nerve: Fluorographic Demonstration (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The ninth dorsal root ganglion of adult Xenopus laevis was labeled with N-acetyl-D-[6-3H]mannosamine, and intraaxonal migration of gangliosides was examined by analysis of the chloroform/methanol extract of each of 5-mm consecutive nerve segments by TLC coupled with fluorography. A unique disialoganglioside (GD1α), which amounted to up to 83% of the total ganglioside in this nerve, migrated at 1–2 mm/day at 15°C. This contrasts with the rapid transport of other ganglioside species previously reported in the optic systems of goldfish, rabbits, chickens, and rats. Fluorographic analysis also revealed a trichloro-acetic acid-soluble substance migrating at a velocity of 8 mm/day at 15°C. The substance was considered to be CMP-sialic acid on the basis of observations that it comigrates with authentic CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid in TLC developed with two different solvent systems, it is very labile to weak acid but resistant to neuraminidase from Vibriocholerae, it is converted to N-acetylmannosamine when treated first with weak acid and subsequently with N-acetyl-neuraminic acid aldolase, and it has a β-sialosyl group in its structure. Because CMP-sialic acid is believed to be the sole sialosyl donor in the cells, its migration in axons toward terminals, together with the previous demonstration of sialyl-transferase activity in the synaptosomal plasma membrane, strongly supports the possibility that sialosylation of gangliosides and probably of other sialoglycoproteins is not confined to the Golgi apparatus, but can also occur after the compounds are committed to axonal transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13080.x
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agonist-Induced Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in Choroid Plexus (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis in choroid plexus by interacting with the 5-HTlc site. In the present study, the effects of 5-HT were compared with those of other agonists. 5-HT stimulates a rapid release of all three inositol sugars in a mianserin-sensitive manner. Inositol bisphosphate and inositol trisphosphate levels increase about twofold within 2.5 min, whereas inositol monophosphate levels are not appreciably elevated until 5 min. In contrast, glutamate, carbachol, histamine, substance P, and vasopressin, agents that increase phosphoinositide hydrolysis in other tissues, do not stimulate this response in choroid plexus. High concentrations of norepinephrine increase inositol phosphate release in choroid plexus, but this effect is apparently mediated by activation of the 5-HTlc site. The depolarizing agents KCl and veratrine also fail to stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis in choroid plexus. These results, combined with the finding that the phosphoinositide response to 5-HT is insensitive to tetrodotoxin, suggest that the effects of 5-HT are not secondary to neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, an indirect effect mediated via arachidonic acid metabolism is unlikely, since inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase do not reduce the 5-HT response. We conclude, therefore, that phosphoinositide hydrolysis is the transducing mechanism of the 5-HT 5-HTlc receptor and that the choroid plexus will serve as a useful model system for studies of this receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13085.x
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Ca2+ Channel Blockers on Ca2+ Translocation Across Synaptosomal Membranes (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The binding of [3H]nimodipine to purified synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) isolated from sheep brain cortex was characterized, and the effects of nimodipine, nifedipine, and (+)-verapamil on the [3H]nimodipine binding were compared to the effects on 45Ca2+ translocation under conditions that separate 45Ca2+ fluxes through Ca2+ channels from 45Ca2+ uptake via Na+/Ca2+ exchange. [3H]Nimodipine labels a single class of sites in SPM, with a KD of 0.64 ± 0.1 nM, a Bmax of 161 ± 27 fmol.mg-1 protein, and a Hill slope of 1.07, at 25°C. Competition of [3H]nimodipine binding to purified SPM with unlabelled Ca2+ channel blockers shows that: (1) nifedipine and nimodipine are potent competitors, with IC50 values of 4.7 nM and 5.9 nM, respectively; (2) verapamil and (-)-D 600 are partial competitors, with biphasic competition behavior. Thus, (+)verapamil shows an IC50 of 708 nM for the higher affinity component and the maximal inhibition is 50% of the specific binding, whereas for (-)-verapamil the IC50 is 120 nM, and the maximal inhibition is 30%; (-)-D 600 is even less potent than verapamil in inhibiting [3H]nimodipine binding (IC50= 430 nM). However, (+)-verapamil, nifedipine, and nimodipine are less potent in inhibiting depolarization-induced 45Ca2+ influx into synaptosomes in the absence of Na+/Ca2+ exchange than in competing for [3H]nimodipine binding. Thus, (+)-verapamil inhibits Ca2+ influx by 50% at about 500 μM, whereas it inhibits 50% of the binding at concentrations 200-fold lower, and the discrepancy is even larger for the dihydropyridines. The Na+/Ca2+ exchange and the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by SPM vesicles are also inhibited by the Ca2+ channel blockers verapamil, nifedipine, and d-cis-diltiazem, with similar IC50 values and in the same concentration range (10-5-10-3M) at which they inhibit Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ channels. We conclude that high-affinity binding of the Ca2+ blockers by SPM is not correlated with inhibition of the Ca2+ fluxes through channels in synaptosomes under conditions of minimal Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Furthermore, the relatively high concentrations of blockers required to block the channels also inhibit Ca2+ translocation through the Ca2+-ATPase and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. In this study, clear differentiation is made of the effects of the Ca2+ channel blockers on these three mechanisms of moving Ca2+ across the synaptosomal membrane, and particular care is taken to separate the contribution of the Na+/Ca2+ exchange from that of the Ca2+ channels under conditions of K+ depolarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13088.x
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogen-Induced Up-Regulation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors in the CNS of Rodents (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Previous studies have identified an effect of estrogen administration on the number of central GABAergic binding sites of rat. We have further characterized this effect by performing a series of experiments in vitro where we analyzed the changes of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) binding in slices of nervous tissue incubated in a physiological medium in presence of estradiol. The tissues were dissected from ovariectomized rats. In such a system, estrogen augmented the amount of [3H]muscimol binding within 3 h of incubation. The effect was dose-dependent and could be blocked by the addition of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen. The increase in [3H]muscimol binding could not be observed by addition of estradiol to broken membranes or by incubation of the slices with steroids deprived of estrogenic activity. Furthermore, the estrogen-induced increase of GABA binding sites could be prevented by addition of cycloheximide and α-amanitin in the incubation medium. Our data indicate that the estrogen may increase the number of GABA binding sites by direct interaction with the GABA receptor gene or genes involved in the metabolism of GABA receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13090.x
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convulsive Activity of α-Guanidinoglutaric Acid and the Possible Involvement of 5-Hydroxytryptamine in the α-Guanidinoglutaric Acid-Induced Seizure Mechanism (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: α-Guanidinoglutaric acid (α-GGA) was first found in cobalt-induced epileptogenic focus tissue in the cerebral cortex of cats. We examined the effect of α-GGA on the electroencephalogram and on the brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level after intraventricular administration into rats. Sporadic low-voltage spikes appeared 4 min after the administration of α-GGA. Spikes increased in voltage 6 min after the administration. Multiple spikes appeared 10 min after the administration, and they reached maximal frequency 30 min after the administration. The epileptic discharges disappeared 100 min after the administration. The 5-HT level increased in the right and left cortices 3 min after the administration. The 5-HT level decreased in the mid-brain 5 min after the administration and subsequently in all regions of the brain 10 min after the administration. No change in the 5-HT level was found 30 min and 100 min after the administration. These results show that α-GGA induces epileptic seizures in rats after intraventricular administration. The results also suggest that α-GGA-induced seizures are associated with abnormal serotonergic function and that they are initiated by a decrease in the 5-HT level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13095.x
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of a 52-kDa Phosphoprotein from Synaptic Plasma Membranes Related to Long-Term Potentiation and the Major Coated Vesicle Phosphoprotein (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation a short tetanus induces long-term potentiation (LTP) and an increase in the post hoc phosphorylation of a 52-kDa protein in synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) prepared from these slices. This 52-kDa SPM phosphoprotein closely resembles the predominant phosphoprotein in coated vesicles, pp50, with respect to the insensitivity of its phosphorylation to Ca2+/calmodulin and cyclic AMP. This resemblance prompted us to compare in rat brain the 52-kDa SPM protein with pp50 in isolated coated vesicles. Both proteins appear to be very similar on basis of the following criteria: (1) relative molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, (2) peptide mapping, (3) phospho-amino acid content, and (4) isoelectric point. Since coated vesicles are thought to be involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and membrane recycling, our data suggest that LTP-correlated changes in 52-kDa phosphorylation may reflect increased coated vesicle activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13097.x
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical Correlates of Myelination in Brain and Spinal Cord of Mice Heterozygous for the Jimpy Gene (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Brain and spinal cord of female mice heterozygous for the jimpy gene were analyzed during development for activity of ceramide galactosyl transferase (CGT) and for levels of myelin basic protein (MBP). CGT activity was low at 13–14 days in brains of heterozygous jimpy females but showed normal levels by 31 –36 days, in agreement with our earlier study of this enzyme. In cord, CGT activity was normal or slightly above normal at all ages studied, from 13–14 days into adulthood. In both brain and cord, decreased levels of MBP were observed at 13 days; by 100 days, amounts of MBP approached normal levels. Proven female carriers of the jimpy gene also showed normal levels of CGT activity, MBP, and isolated myelin at 200–250 days of age in both brain and cord. These biochemical findings agree with previous morphologic measurements in cord demonstrating deficits in myelin at early ages but compensation by 100 days. Our results show that compensation occurs earlier in cord than in brain and that levels of MBP show a closer correlation than CGT activity with amounts of myelin, as measured by either morphometric analysis or direct isolation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13099.x
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of Glycosylated β-Galactosidase into Bovine Brain Synaptosomes (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Using a synthesized glycoprotein, β-galactosidase modified with p-aminophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside (β-D-Gal β-gal), the incorporation of the glycoprotein into bovine brain synaptosomes was studied. The uptake was mediated by a specific receptor to β-D-galactoside, and was inhibited by GM1 ganglioside. The uptake was found to require energy and to be sensitive to metabolic inhibitors. Kinetic studies on β-D-Gal β-gal uptake indicated the presence of a saturable, carrier-mediated transport system in synaptosomes. By subcellular fractionation the β-D-Gal β-gal taken up was found in the fractions corresponding to the nucleus and membrane fragments, the soluble cytosomal fractions, and the mitochondria and lysosomes. The uptake was markedly increased by addition of Ca2+ to the incubation medium. The maximal uptake was obtained at pH 8.0 in the presence of 10 mMCa2+ at 37°C. By addition of a Ca2+ ionophore A23187, β-D-Gal β-gal uptake was increased in a dose-dependent way parallel to the increase in the intrasynaptosomal concentration of Ca2+. Preincubation of synaptosomes with calmodulin antagonists such as trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1 -napthalenesulfonamide (W-7) was found to inhibit the uptake markedly, and diazepam, an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, also inhibited the uptake. At a concentration between 1 and 10 μM, 50% inhibition of the uptake was observed with either inhibitor. On the other hand, the addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP did not affect the uptake of the glycoprotein into synaptosomes. These results suggest that the incorporation of this macromolecule is dependent on a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13102.x
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose Modulates the Release of Histamine from the Mouse Hypothalamus In Vitro (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of glucose concentration on the in vitro release of histamine (HA) was examined, using two different preparations of the mouse hypothalamus. The HA and tele-methylhistamine released from whole blocks of the hypothalamus into the medium linearly increased during 2-h incubation in normal Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution in the absence of external depolarizing stimuli. The release of HA from this preparation depended on the temperature and Ca2+ in the medium and was progressively increased with decrease in the glucose concentration from 11.5 to 1 mM. The rate of the HA release was dependent on the absolute concentration of glucose and not on an abrupt change in the concentration. When slices of the hypothalamus were incubated in high K+ medium, a temperature- and Ca2+-dependent HA release was observed. At low concentrations of glucose, the K+ (20 mM)-induced HA release from the hypothalamic slices was also enhanced. Tetrodotoxin (10 μM) inhibited the enhancing effect of a low glucose concentration (2 mM) on the HA release by 60%, in both preparations of the hypothalamus. The possibility that the release of HA from the mouse hypothalamus is regulated by glucose concentration and that activation of neuronal Na+ channels is involved in the enhancement of the HA release by low glucose concentrations warrants further attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13086.x
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual Dimorphism in the Response of the GABAergic System to Estrogen Administration (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Administration of estradiol benzoate to gonadectomized female rats results in up-regulation of CNS γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. The increase of [3H]muscimol binding activity is observed in six of the seven brain areas examined. The same treatment, performed in castrated male or and rogenized female rats, induced an increase of [3H]muscimol binding only in the striatum. Evidence is provided suggesting that the dimorphic sensitivity of GABA receptor is not correlated with the difference in spontaneous motor activity reported between male and female rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13091.x
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superoxide Radical-Mediated Alteration of Synaptosome Membrane Structure and High-Affinity γ-[14C]Aminobutyric Acid Uptake (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Mouse cortical synaptosomal structure and function are altered when exposed to hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HPX/XOD)-generated active oxygen/free radical species. The structure of both the synaptic vesicle and plasma membrane systems are altered by HPX/XOD treatment. The alteration of synaptic vesicle structure is exhibited by a significant increase in the cumulative length of nonsynaptic vesicle membrane per nerve terminal. With respect to the nerve terminal plasma membrane, the length of the perimeter of the synaptosome is increased as the membrane pulls away from portions of the terminal in blebs. The functional lesion generated by HPX/XOD treatment results in a reduction in selective high-affinity γ-[14C]aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake. Kinetic analysis of the reduction in high-affinity uptake reveals that the V.max is significantly altered whereas the Km is not. Preincubation with specific active oxygen/free radical scavengers indicates that the superoxide radical is directly involved. This radical, most probably in the protonated perhydroxyl form, initiates lipid peroxidative damage of the synaptosomal membrane systems. Low-affinity [14C]GABA transport is unaltered by the HPX/XOD treatment. The apparent ineffectiveness of free radical exposure on low-affinity [14C]GABA transport coupled with its effectiveness in reducing high-affinity transport supports the idea that two separate and different amino acid uptake systems exist in CNS tissue, with the high-affinity being more sensitive (lipid-dependent) and/or more energy-dependent (Na+, K+-ATPase) than the low-affinity system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13092.x
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for Different States of the Dopamine Dl Receptor: Clozapine and Fluperlapine May Preferentially Label an Adenylate Cyclase-Coupled State of the Dl Receptor (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: It has been shown previously that typical neuroleptics have higher affinities for 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-ethylamine (dopamine) Dl receptors as labeled by(R)- (+)- 8-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1 -N-3-benzazepine-7-ol ([3H]SCH 23390) than for inhibiting dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase. We now report that the atypical neuroleptics, clozapine and fluperlapine, exhibit characteristics opposite to typical neuroleptics, i.e., they have higher affinity for inhibiting dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase than [3H]SCH 23390 binding. A variety of compounds, i.e., clozapine, fluperlapine, and dopamine, were tested for their capacity to affect the rate constants of [3H]SCH 23390 binding; these experiments revealed no effect of any tested compound on on-rate or off-rate of [3H]SCH 23390 binding. Treatment of striatal membranes with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) caused a rapid decrease in the Bmax value of the [3H]SCH 23390 binding with no effect on the Kd value. The adenylate cyclase, both the unstimulated, the dopamine-, fluoride-, and forskolin-stimulated activity, was far less sensitive than [3H]SCH 23390 binding to PLA2. Treatment of striatal membranes with filipine and (NH4SO4 produced, as did PLA2 treatment, a rapid decline in [3H]SCH 23390 binding. However, opposite to PLA2 treatment, these agents stimulated the adenylate cyclase. In conclusion, a comparison of the pharmacological characteristics of [3H]SCH 23390 binding and dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase suggests the existence of two different Dl binding sites. The rate experiments exclude the possibility of allosterically coupled sites. Instead our results favor that the Dl receptor exists in different states/conformations, i.e., both adenylate cyclase-coupled and uncoupled, and further, that the atypical neuroleptics clozapine and fluperlapine may have adenylate cyclase-coupled dopamine Dl receptors as target.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13094.x
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Failure to Maintain Glycolysis in Anoxic Nerve Terminals (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Synaptosomal glycolysis is stimulated eight-to 10-fold when the respiratory chain is inhibited by cyanide or by anoxia. However, the stimulation is transient and after 15 min declines toward the preanoxic rate. The decline is not seen when Ca2+ is absent or when the respiratory chain is inhibited by rotenone. The decline in glycolysis is reversible, is not due to substrate exhaustion, and is the cause, rather than the effect, of lowered synaptosomal ATP/ADP ratios. The failure to maintain glycolysis when the terminal oxidase of the respiratory chain is inhibited may have relevance to the sensitivity of the brain to anoxic damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13100.x
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  • 45
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    Evidence for a Selective Localization of Voltage-Sensitive Ca2+ Channels in Nerve Cell Bodies of Corpus Striatum (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Specific binding sites for [3H]nitrendipine, an organic Ca2+ channel antagonist, were abolished in crude syn-aptosomal membranes of kainic acid-lesioned caudate nuclei. In contrast, specific lesions of dopaminergic or serotonergic axon terminals in caudate nuclei failed to alter the density or the affinity of [3H]nitrendipine binding sites. In addition, the basal and veratridine-stimulated 45Ca2+ accumulations were greatly impaired in slices prepared from kainic acid-lesioned caudate nuclei. The veratridine-elicited accumulation of 45Ca2+ in control slices was attenuated by addition of tetrodotoxin in the incubation medium. The present data provide evidence that most of the [3H]nitrendipine binding sites and the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels are located in intrinsic neurons or interneurons in caudate nucleus. In contrast, destruction of dopaminergic or serotonergic nerve terminals emanating from other brain areas and innervating the caudate nucleus failed to change the apparent Bmax value for [3H]nitrendipine binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00794.x
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies against myelin-associated glycoprotein were generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with human myelin-associated glycoprotein purified from CNS myelin. Three groups of antibodies were identified: IgG antibodies recognizing the polypeptide moiety and IgG and IgM antibodies recognizing the carbohydrate moiety of the intact molecule. Properties of these antibodies were examined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the immunostaining technique using human CNS and peripheral nerve myelin, and ganglioside fractions isolated from human brain and peripheral nerve, and with immunohistochemical staining of human peripheral nerves. Part of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was stained with the antibodies against the carbohydrate moiety, but not with IgG antibodies recognizing the polypeptide moiety. Natural killer activity was partially reduced after treatment of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with an IgM antibody and complement in vitro. The possibility that anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies might play a role in the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases through modification of natural killer activity is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13104.x
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  • 47
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    A Kinetic Study of Stimulus-Induced Vesicle Recycling in Electromotor Nerve Terminals Using Labile and Stable Vesicle Markers (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of recovery, by recycling electromotor synaptic vesicles, of the biophysical parameters of the reserve population has been studied in perfused blocks of electric organ of Torpedo marmorata prestimulated in vivo, followed by density gradient separation of the extracted vesicles in a zonal rotor using labile (acetylcholine and ATP) and stable (proteoglycan) vesicle markers. Stimulation in vivo at 0.15 Hz for 3.3 h depleted tissue acetylcholine much less than stimulation at 1 Hz for 1 h but nevertheless generated a much larger pool of recycled vesicles that recovered more slowly. At the lower rate of stimulation, recovery of the biophysical characteristics of the reserve population by the recycled vesicles, identified by their content of newly synthesized transmitter, was essentially complete by 8 h. The stable proteoglycan marker was immunochemically assayed and was bimodally distributed in the vesicle-containing portion of the density gradient even in experiments with unstimulated or recovered tissue. The second peak corresponded with that of newly synthesized transmitter and was thus identified as containing the recycled vesicles. Its normalized acetylcholine/proteoglycan ratio was lower than that of the first peak, which is consistent with earlier findings that recycled vesicles, before recovery, are only partially loaded with transmitter. However, as expected, the proportion of total vesicular proteoglycan and acetylcholine associated with the recycled vesicle fraction was very much lower in preparations derived from unstimulated or recovered tissue than in those from recently stimulated tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00798.x
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
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    Hyperglycemia Preserves Brain Mitochondrial Respiration During Anoxia (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined brain mitochondrial function in normo- (5 mM) and hyperglycemic (50 mM) cats after 8 min of anoxia. In anoxic normoglycemic cats, mitochondrial state 3 respiration with NAD-Iinked substrates gluta-mate or pyruvate (both plus malate) was inhibited 30–50%. The uncoupler carbonylcyanide P-trifluoromethoxyphe-nylhydrazone (FCCP) maximally stimulated respiration, indicating that inhibition of phosphorylation, not impairment of electron transport, substrate transport, or oxidation was present. State 3 respiration with succinate (plus rote-none) was unaffected. Mitochondrial respiratory control ratios trended toward reductions whereas ADP/O ratios remained unchanged. In contrast, brain mitochondria from anoxic hyperglycemic cats showed no such inhibition of state 3 respiration and no differences in function from normo- and hyperglycemic control animals except for trends toward loose coupling. Significantly higher brain tissue glucose concentrations were present in hyperglycemic controls as the only metabolite difference compared to normoglycemic controls. At the end of anoxia, hyperglycemic cats exhibited significantly higher cortical lactate and glucose levels but similarly reduced high-energy phosphate concentrations compared to normoglycemic cats. These results demonstrate that increased availability of glucose to gray matter as a consequence of hyperglycemia maintains normal mitochondrial state 3 respiration during exposure to anoxia. Previous survival studies have shown that lower serum glucose concentrations during anoxia are relatively brain protective. This result indicates that the presently described alterations in mitochondrial respiration must be fully reversible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00804.x
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  • 49
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    Effects of Opiates on High-Affinity Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase in Brain Membrane Subfractions (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of a single administration of morphine sulfate (15 mg/kg, s.c. or 30 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min) on Ca2+-stimulated Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity was investigated in synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) prepared from rat cortex. Morphine produced a significant decrease in Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity in synaptosomal fractions (SPM 1 + 2) known to contain a high density of opiate receptors and calmodulin-dependent Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase. However, in another subpopulation (SPM 3) that contains fewer opiate receptors and less enzyme activity, no such decrease in the enzyme activity was observed after the opiate administration. The decrease in Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity seen in SPM 1 + 2 was specifically antagonized by the opiate antagonist naloxone hydrochloride (2 mg/kg, s.c.) when given 15 min before morphine administration. Mg2+-ATP-ase was not altered either by morphine or by a naloxone-morphine combination. These findings give further evidence for the role of intracellular Ca2+ in mediating many of the acute effects of opiates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00807.x
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  • 50
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    Effect of Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia on the Concentrations of Glutamate and Related Amino Acids and Energy Metabolites in the Intact and Decorticated Rat Neostriatum (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The glutamate (Glu) terminals in rat neostriatum were removed by a unilateral frontal decortication. One to two weeks later the effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the steady-state levels of amino acids [Glu, glutamine (Gin), aspartate (Asp), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tau-rine] and energy metabolites (glucose, glycogen, α-ketoglu-tarate, pyruvate, lactate, ATP, ADP, AMP, phosphocre-atine) were examined in the intact and decorticated neostriatum from brains frozen in situ. The changes in the metabolite levels were examined during normoglycemia, hypoglycemia with burst-suppression (BS) EEG, after 5 and 30 min of hypoglycemic coma with isoelectric EEG, and 1 h of recovery following 30 min of isoelectric EEG. In normoglycemia Glu decreased and Gin and glycogen increased significantly on the decorticated side. During the BS period no significant differences in the measured compounds were noted between the two sides. After 5 min of isoelectric EEG Glu, Gin, GABA, and ATP levels were significantly lower and Asp higher on the intact than on the decorticated side. No differences between the two sides were found after 30 min of isoelectric EEG. After 1 h of recovery from 30 min of isoelectric EEG Glu, Gin, and glycogen had not reached their control levels. Glu was significantly lower, and Gin and glycogen higher on the decorticated side. The Asp and GABA levels were not significantly different from control levels. The results indicate that the turnover of Glu is higher in the intact than in decorticated neostriatum during profound hypoglycemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00806.x
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  • 51
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    Book Reviews (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Book Reveiwed in this article:Auditory Biochemistry edited by D. G. Drescher.Retinal Degeneration: Experimental and Clinical Studies edited by M. M. LaVail, J. G. Hollyfield, and R. E. Anderson.Cerebral Cortex, Vol 4. Association and Auditory Cortex edited by A. Peters and E. G. Jones.Modern Bioelectrochemistry edited by F. Gutmann and H. Keyzer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00810.x
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  • 52
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    Synaptosomal Transport of Radiolabel from N-Acetyl-Aspartyl-[3H]Glutamate Suggests a Mechanism of Inactivation of an Excitatory Neuropeptide (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was undertaken to explore in synaptosomal preparations the disposition of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), an endogenous acidic dipeptide neurotransmitter candidate. Radiolabel from N-acetyl-aspartyl-[3H]glutamate was taken up rapidly into an osmotically sensitive compartment by rat brain synaptosomal preparations in a sodium-, temperature-, and time-dependent manner. HPLC analysis of the accumulated radiolabel indicated that the bulk of the tritium cochromatographed with glutamic acid and not with NAAG. In contrast, [14C]NAAG, labeled on the N-terminal acetate, was not taken up by the synaptosomal preparation. All effective inhibitors of synaptosomal, Na+-dependent [3H]glutamate uptake were found to exhibit similar potency in inhibiting uptake of tritium derived from [3H]NAAG. However, certain α-linked acidic dipeptides, structurally similar to NAAG, as well as the potent convulsant quisqualic acid inhibited synaptosomal transport of [3H]NAAG but were ineffective as inhibitors of [3H]glutamate transport. Together with a demonstration of disparities between the regional accumulation of radiolabel from [3H]NAAG and high-affinity [3H]glutamate uptake, these data suggest the presence in brain of a specific peptidase targeting carboxy-terminal glutamate-containing dipeptides that may be coupled to the Na+-dependent glutamate transporter. These findings provide a possible mechanism for NAAG inactivation subsequent to its release from nerve endings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00714.x
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myelin-Deficient Rat: Analysis of Myelin Proteins (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Myelin basic protein (BP), proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) activity were quantitated in the brains and spinal cords of normal and myelin-deficient (md) rats at 8, 12, 18, and 25 days of age. The levels of BP, MAG, and CNP in 25-day-old md brain were 1.1, 1.8, and 11% of those in controls, respectively. In spinal cord, the levels were higher, at 9, 15, and 12% of control values, respectively. Although BP content in the mutant rats was a lower percentage of the control level than MAG and CNPase contents at all ages, the absolute level of BP increased steadily between 8 and 25 days of age in both brain and spinal cord, whereas there was little change in the amounts of MAG and CNPase during this period. Immunoblotting analysis did not reveal an increased apparent Mr for MAG, as has been observed in quaking and trembler mice. There was little difference in the relative distributions of the 14K, 17K, 18.5K, and 21.5K forms of BP between control and md rat spinal cord homogenates at the ages examined. PLP content was reduced more than that of the other proteins in the md mutants, because it could not be detected by a technique capable of detecting 0.2% of the control brain level and 0.1% of control spinal cord level. This suggests that the expression of PLP may be preferentially affected in the md mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13105.x
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  • 54
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    Effect of Decreased Oxygen on In Vitro Release of Endogenous 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylamine from Mouse Striatum (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of hypoxia on release of endogenous 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA, dopamine) were investigated in mouse striatal slices. Following a 60-min pre-incubation, potassium increased DA release 12 times between zero and 1 min. By 10 min, uptake processes exceeded release and DA levels in the media decreased. Hypoxia (low oxygen) and anoxia (no oxygen) increased DA in the media by 120 and 205%, respectively, but did not alter dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations. Under similar conditions, anoxia increased [3H]DA uptake eightfold. For the uptake studies, the amount of DA added to the media was critical; in the presence of high concentrations of DA, anoxia reduced reuptake. Regardless of exogenous DA, hypoxia and anoxia increased extracellular DA, which may play a role in ischemic cell damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13109.x
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  • 55
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    Parallel Postnatal Development of Choline Acetyltransferase Activity and Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Rat Olfactory Bulb (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The development of cholinergic synapses in the rat olfactory bulb was investigated by measuring changes in the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; EC 2.3.1.6.), a presynaptic cholinergic marker, and in the concentration of muscarinic receptors, components of cholinoceptive membranes. Three biochemical properties of the muscarinic system also were examined for possible differentiation: ligand binding, molecular weight, and isoelectric point. Receptors from embryonic (day 18), neonatal (postnatal day 3), and adult rat olfactory bulbs exhibited identical complex binding (nH= 0.45) of the agonist carbachol. For each age, the relative proportions of high-affinity (Ki= 1.0 μM) and low-affinity (Ki= 100 μM) binding states were 60% and 40%, respectively. The antagonist pirenzepine also bound to high-affinity (Ki= 0.15 μM, RH= 70%) and low-affinity (Ki= 2.0 μM, RL= 30%) sites in neonatal and adult rats. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [3H]propyibenzilylcholine mustard-labeled receptors from neonatal and adult rats showed a single electrophoretic form with an apparent molecular weight of 65,000. In contrast, analytical isoelectric focusing indicated high pI (4.50) and low pI (4.00) receptor forms were present. Neonatal rats contained approximately equal proportions of the two receptor forms, whereas adult rats contained mainly the low pI form, indicating that molecular alteration of the receptor population had occurred during development. Comparison of postnatal changes in acetylcholine receptors and ChAT activity showed a striking correlation between the development of cholinergic terminals and muscarinic receptors. Throughout the first postnatal week, ChAT activity remained at 5% of adult levels; activity began to rise on postnatal day 6 and gradually reached adult levels (56 ± 4 μnol of [3H]acetylcholine/h/g) during the fourth week. Similarly, muscarinic receptor concentration was low (30–50 fmol/mg) throughout the first week, began to rise at postnatal day 7; and reached 90% of adult levels (317 ± 17 fmol/mg) by the fourth week. In contrast, there was little increase in the concentration of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (30 fmol/mg) during this period. The parallel postnatal development of ChAT activity and muscarinic receptors suggests the existence of factors that couple the differentiation of presynaptic cholinergic terminals and postsynaptic cholinoceptive elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13024.x
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  • 56
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    Assignment of A and B Types of Monoamine Oxidase in NCB20 Hybrid Cells to Those of the Parental Cells by Peptide Mapping (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The structures of [3H]pargyline-labeled, flavin-containing polypeptides of monoamine oxidase (MAO) from hybrid NCB20 cells, and their parental cells, A/J mouse brain cells and Chinese hamster brain cells, were analyzed and compared by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and limited proteolysis and one-dimensional peptide mapping in SDS gels. After preincubation of mitocnondrial preparations with deprenyl or clorgyline, the flavin-containing polypeptide of type A or type B MAO was selectively labeled with [3H]pargyline. SDS-PAGE of [3H]pargyline-labeled mitochondrial samples revealed that the polypeptide with apparent Mr of 62,000 was associated with type A activity in the three types of cells, and that the polypeptide with apparent Mr of 61,000 or 58,000 was associated with type B activity in Chinese hamster brain cells and NCB20 cells or A/J mouse brain cells, respectively. Chymotrypsin digestion of the [3H]pargyline-labeled polypeptides and the peptide mapping in SDS gels from A/J mouse and Chinese hamster brain cells produced identical map patterns between the two type A MAOs, almost the same map patterns (with the exception of one additional peptide fragment) between the two type B MAOs, and different map patterns between type A and type B MAOs. The results of identical treatments of the [3H]pargyline-labeled polypeptides of MAOs in NCB20 cells showed that type A and type B MAO in NCB20 cells were similar to type A MAO of A/J mouse and Chinese hamster brain cells and to type B MAO of Chinese hamster brain cells. We previously reported that the activity of type A MAO in NCB20 cells coincided with the activity of MAO in N18TG-2 neuroblastoma cells which originate from A/J mouse and express solely type A MAO activity. Previous karyological studies indicated that most chromosomes of NCB20 cells derived from A/J mouse and that chromosome X, which may contain type A MAO of Chinese hamster origin, could not be recognized in NCB20 cells. The present study and these previous findings indicate that type A and type B MAOs in NCB20 cells may originate from A/J mouse and Chinese hamster, respectively, and that type A and type B MAO activities may be associated with distinct enzyme molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13026.x
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  • 57
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    Kinetics and Physical Parameters of Rat Brain Opioid Receptors Solubilized by Digitonin and CHAPS (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Rat brain opioid receptors were solubilized with digitonin and a zwitterionic detergent, 3-[(3-cholamido-propyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS). The yield of solubilization was 70–75% with digitonin and 30–35% with CHAPS. Kinetic and equilibrium studies performed from digitonin extracts resulted in KD values comparable with those of the membrane fractions. Two [3H]naloxone binding sites were obtained in the extracts similarly to membrane fractions. The rank order potency of drugs used in the competition experiments did not change during solubilization. The distributions of μ, δ, and κ opioid receptor binding sites were similar in membrane and digitonin-solubilized fractions (48–50%μ, 35–37%κ, and 13–17%δ subtypes). The hydrodynamic properties of digitonin- and CHAPS-solubilized preparations were studied by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and Sepharose-6B chromatography. In all cases, two receptor populations were identified with the following parameters: sedimentation coefficients for the digitonin extracts were 9.2S and 13.2S and for CHAPS extract 8S and 15.6S; the Stokes radii were 45Å and 65Å for the digitonin extract and 31Å and 76Å for the CHAPS-solubilized preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13027.x
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  • 58
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    Enzyme Immunoassay for Cholecystokinin Octapeptide Sulfate and Its Application (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Cholecystokinin octapeptide sulfate (CCK-8S) has been developed using N-terminal specific antibody for CCK-8S. In this assay CCK-8S coupled with poly-L-Glu (CCK-poly-Glu), which is adsorbed on a solid phase, competes with CCK-8S for the binding sites of rabbit anti-CCK antibody, and the complex of the immobilized antibody and CCK-poly-Glu is measured using goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The total time for completion of the assay is 〈24 h. Near 50% bound levels, the intraassay coefficient of variation is 5.2-6.2% and the interassay coefficient of variation is 5.9–8.5%. This assay is sensitive enough to detect 9 pg of CCK-8S, and the data from rat brain regions using this ELISA are very similar to the data from those using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Therefore, this ELISA is simpler and more rapid in comparison with conventional RIA. In the preliminary experiments, we applied this method for determination of CCK content in the brain regions of adult rats treated with 6-hydroxy-dopamine or in newborn rats subjected to anoxia, and showed that this system is applicable to detection of changes of endogenous CCK content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13028.x
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  • 59
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    Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Phosphorylation in Chemosensory Neurons: Identification of Cyclic Nucleotide-Regulated Phosphoproteins in Olfactory Cilia (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chemosensory dendritic membranes (olfactory cilia) contain protein kinase activity that is stimulated by cyclic AMP and more efficiently by the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog guanosine-5′-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (GTPγS). In control nonsensory (respiratory) cilia, the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase is practically GTPγS-insensitive. GTPγS activation of the olfactory enzyme appears to be mediated by a stimulatory GTP-binding protein (G-pro-tein) and adenylate cyclase previously shown to be enriched in the sensory membranes. Protein kinase C activity cannot be detected in the chemosensory cilia preparation under the conditions tested. Incubation of olfactory cilia with [γ-32P]ATP leads to the incorporation of [32P]phosphate into many polypeptides, four of which undergo covalent modification in a cyclic nucleotide-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of one polypeptide, pp24, is strongly and specifically enhanced by cyclic AMP at concentrations lower than 1 μM. This phosphoprotein is not present in respiratory cilia, but is seen also in membranes prepared from olfactory neuroepithelium after cilia removal. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphoprotein pp24 may be candidate components of the molecular machinery that transduces odor signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00790.x
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    Lack of Change in Basal Ganglia Neuropeptide Content Following Subacute 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Treatment of the Common Marmoset (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of common marmosets with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP; 1–4mg/kgfor up to 4 days) caused a profound parkinsonian state. Ten days from the start of MPTP treatment, all animals showed marked motor impairment, consisting of bradykinesia and akinesia, limb rigidity, postural abnormalities, loss of vocalisation and blink reflex, and, on occasions, postural tremor. Measurement of caudate-putamen monoamine content at this time showed a profound loss in 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-ethylamine, homovanillic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations. Measurement of neuropeptide concentrations in the caudate-putamen, internal and external segments of the globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra, frontal cortex, and hippocampus showed met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, and cholecystokinin (CCK-8) concentrations to be unaffected by MPTP treatment. There was a small decrease in the substance P content of frontal cortex, but otherwise the content of this neuropeptide was unaltered. Parkinsonism in the marmoset, induced by MPTP treatment 10 days earlier, does not alter neuropeptide concentrations in the manner observed in Parkinson's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00793.x
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    The Brain 68-Kilodalton Microtubule-Associated Protein Is a Cognate Form of the 70-Kilodalton Mammalian Heat-Shock Protein and Is Present as a Specific Isoform in Synaptosomal Membranes (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the 68-kilodalton microtubule-associated protein (68KMAP) and the major heat-induced protein (HSP70) in rat and human cells was investigated by comparison of their heat induction properties and by tryptic and Cleveland peptide mapping procedures. HSP70 synthesis was induced by heat shock of rat and human cells, whereas 68KMAP was a major synthesised protein in the absence of heat shock, with its synthesis being only slightly increased on heat shock. Tryptic peptide mapping, however, indicated strong peptide homology between the two proteins. These data, therefore, confirm that 68KMAP represents a constitutively expressed, heat-shock cognate gene. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of subcellular fractions of rat brain, combined with peptide mapping procedures, indicated that 68KMAP exists as at least two isoforms separable by isofocussing, the more acidic of which (α68KMAP) is present in fractions enriched in microtubules, cytosol, microsomes, synaptosomal plasma membranes, and synaptic vesicles, and the more basic of which (β68KMAP) is present predominantly in fractions enriched in synaptic vesicles and synaptosomal plasma membranes. These two forms are distinguishable in terms of changes in Cleveland peptide maps, and we conclude that α- and β68KMAP, therefore, represent distinct forms. The significance of these findings to the molecular pathogenesis of Down's syndrome in the human brain is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00797.x
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  • 62
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    Glutamic Acid as a Putative Transmitter of the Interhemispheric Corticocortical Connections in the Rat (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of hemidecortication on the endogenous levels of amino acids in medial, sulcal, and dorsal frontal cortex as well as in parietal, temporal, and occipital cortex of the rat was investigated. Under aseptic conditions, the right cerebral cortex was aspirated by suction. Then, 21 days later, the content of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, serine, threonine, and alanine was analyzed in six areas of the intact contralateral cortex using GLC. The results demonstrated a specific decrease in the endogenous levels of glutamic acid in both parietal and temporal cortex after hemidecortication of the contralateral side. This finding suggests that glutamic acid may serve as a neurotransmitter for some of the interhemispheric corticoparietal and corticotemporal fibers. In a follow-up experiment, the effect of a frontal lesion on the endogenous levels of the same amino acids in the striatum was also examined. In this case, the glutamic acid content exhibited a decrease of 31 % relative to the control value. This observation confirms the earlier finding of a glutamate-containing pathway from the frontal cortex to the striatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00800.x
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    High- and Low-Affinity Binding of [3H]Imipramine in Rat Hypothalamus (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the rat hypothalamus [3H]imipramine binding is inhibited by tricyclic and nontricyclic antidepressant drugs in a complex manner, with biphasic curves and Hill coefficients 〈1.0. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) inhibited with high affinity a decreasing proportion of the [3H]-imipramine binding sites as the [3H]imipramine concentration was raised. In the absence of sodium ions, IC50 values for the inhibition by tricyclic and nontricyclic antidepressants were increased by approximately 1,000-fold, and the inhibition curves became classically monophasic with Hill coefficients close to 1.0. These data are interpreted as suggesting that [3H]imipramine binds to two independent sites in the rat hypothalamus. One site is sodium-dependent with a high affinity for the drugs tested; the other is sodium-independent and has a low affinity for these drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00802.x
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  • 64
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    Effect of 2-(4-Phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol on Acetylcholine Release and Subcellular Distribution in Rat Striatal Slices (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract These experiments measured the effect of 2-(4-phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (AH5183) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) and its subcellular distribution in slices of rat striatum incubated in vitro. The AH5183, a drug that blocks the uptake of ACh by isolated synaptic vesicles, reduced the release of ACh from slices stimulated to release transmitter in response to K+ depolarization. Tissue stimulated in the presence of AH5183 contained more ACh in a nerve terminal cytoplasmic fraction than did tissue stimulated in the drug's absence, but stimulation in AH5183's presence reduced the amount of ACh measured in fractions containing synaptic vesicles. The depletion of ACh caused by stimulating tissue in the presence of AH5183 was more evident in the fraction of nerve terminal ACh occluded within synaptic vesicles as isolated by gradient centrifuga-tion (fraction D) than it was in other nerve terminal occluded stores. It is concluded that the synaptic vesicles isolated as fraction D under the present experimental conditions likely contain releasable transmitter. The AH5183 also depressed the spontaneous release of ACh from incubated slices of striatum and this effect was evident in the presence or the absence of medium Ca2+. It is suggested that this effect might indicate that the process of spontaneous ACh release measured neurochemically results, in part, from an AH5183-sensitive carrier-mediated process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00805.x
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    Solubilization and Characterization of D2-Dopamine Receptors in an Estrone-Induced, Prolactin-Secreting Rat Pituitary Adenoma (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract D2-dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) receptors were successfully solubilized with 3-[(3-cholami-dopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-l-propane sulfonate from an estrone-induced rat pituitary adenoma. Forty-five percent of initial protein and 48% of initial [3H]spiroperidol binding sites were solubilized. The high affinity as well as the stereoselectivity of the sites was preserved. The order of potency of dopaminergic agonists was found to be typical of D2 receptors. Target size analysis by radiation inactivation indicated a molecular weight of 143,000 ± 3,000 and of 106,000 ± 4,000 daltons for membrane-bound and solubilized receptors, respectively. This suggests the loss of a 37,000-dalton subunit during solubilization without significant modification of binding characteristics. Sodium do-decyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of receptor protein preparation photolabeled with N-(p-azido-w[125I]-iodophenethyl)spiroperidol confirmed the existence of a 94,000-dalton peptide which probably constitutes the li-gand binding site of the receptor. Thus, our data indicate that chronic estrogen treatment of rats, although inducing a pituitary adenoma, does not modify the pharmacological characteristics of D2 receptors. These data suggest therefore that these adenoma may represent an ideal source of material for further biochemical characterization of D2 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00809.x
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    Quantitative Electroimmunoblotting Study of the Calcium-Activated Neutral Protease in Human Myelin (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Degradation of myelin basic protein (MBP) in human myelin was monitored by electroimmunoblotting. Problems of variation between, as well as within, electroimmunoblots were overcome by the introduction of an internal standard in each sample, thus allowing reproducible quantification of MBP. The Ca2+-dependent protease acting on MBP was active at endogenous levels of Ca2+ (∼300 μg/g myelin) and was inhibited in the presence of Ca2+ chelators. Extensive degradation of MBP occurred rapidly in the presence of added Ca2+, reaching a plateau after a 1 h incubation (80–85% degradation). The proteolytic activity was not enhanced in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. It was most active at neutral pH and at temperatures approaching physiological conditions. No difference was observed between proteolytic activities of control and multiple sclerotic myelin. It is suggested that fluctuations in the accessibility of free Ca2+ to the protease may lead to the regulation of Ca2+-activated myelinolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00713.x
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    β,β′-Iminodipropionitrile Impairs Retrograde Axonal Transport (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract β,β′-Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), a neurotoxin, causes redistribution of neurofilaments in axons followed by the development of proximal axonal swellings and, in chronic intoxication, a distal decrease in axonal caliber. The latter changes are caused by a selective impairment in the slow anterograde axonal transport of neurofilament proteins. To assess the role of retrograde axonal transport in IDPN toxicity, we used [3H]N-succinimidyl propionate ([3H]NSP) to label covalently endogenous axonal proteins in sciatic nerve of the rat and measured the accumulation of radioactively labeled proteins in the cell bodies of motor and sensory neurons over time. IDPN was injected intraneurally 6 h or intraperitoneally 1 day before subepineurial injection of [3H]NSP into the sciatic nerve, and the animals were killed 1, 2, and 7 days after [3H]NSP injection. Neurotoxicity was assessed by electron microscopic observation of the nerves of similarly treated animals. Both intraneural and intraperitoneal injection of IDPN caused an acute reduction in the amount of labeled proteins transported back to the cell bodies. The early appearance of these changes suggests that alterations in retrograde transport may play a role in the production of the neuropathic changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00717.x
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    Expression of a Plasma Membrane Proteolipid During Differentiation of Neuronal and Glial Cells in Primary Culture (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Plasma membrane proteolipid protein (PMPLP) synthesis was examined in embryonic rat neurons and neonatal rat glial cells during differentiation in culture. Glial cultures were treated with 1 mM N6,O2, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) following confluency to induce differentiation, which resulted in the elaboration of long cellular processes. However, no changes in the biosynthetic level of PMPLP was observed during the differentiation of these cells. Neurons differentiated spontaneously in culture, forming cellular aggregates immediately following plating and elaborating a network of neurites over 7 days. The differentiation of neurons was accompanied by a sevenfold increase in PM-PLP synthesis with increases in biosynthetic rate observed betvyeen days 1 and 3 and between days 3 and 7 in culture. Ultrastructural examination of neurons indicated that the Golgi apparatus was also developing during this period of time, with an increase in both the number of lamellae and generation of vesicles. The transport of PM-PLP to the plasma membrane was therefore examined in neurons at day 7 in culture by pulse labeling experiments with monensin and colchicine. Monensin (1 μM) was found to inhibit the appearance of radiolabeled PM-PLP in the plasma membrane by 63%, indicating that a functional Golgi apparatus is required for transport of PM-PLP to its target membrane. Colchicine (125 μM) also inhibited the appearance of newly synthesized PM-PLP in the plasma membrane by 〉40%, suggesting that microtubules may also be required for PM-PLP transport to the plasma membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00668.x
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    D-1 Dopaminergic and β-Adrenergic Stimulation of Adenylate Cyclase in a Clone Derived from the Human Astrocytoma Cell Line G-CCM (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Clones have been isolated from the human astrocytoma cell line G-CCM. Homogenates of clone D384 contain an adenylate cyclase that is stimulated by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine), noradrenaline, and isoprenaline with Ka apparent values of 4, 56, and 2.7 μM, respectively. The Ka apparent value for dopamine was increased by the D-l antagonist cis-flupenthixol, 25 and 100 nM, to 23 and 190 μM, respectively, but was unaffected by propranolol (1 μf. Noradrenaline stimulation of adenylate cyclase was only partially inhibited by either propranolol (10 μM) or cis-flupenthixol (1 μM). Propranolol (10 μM), but not cis-flupenthixol (1 μM), prevented stimulation by isoprenaline. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase by dopamine and noradrenaline remained unchanged in the presence of phentolamine (1 μM) and sulpiride (1 μM). These results suggest that clone D384 contains both D-l dopaminergic and β-adrenergic receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase. Dopamine stimulates D384 adenylate cyclase through D-1 receptors, isoprenaline via β-receptors, and noradrenaline through both receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00670.x
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    Modulatory Effects of Thyroxine Treatment on Central and Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in the Rat (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of 10 days of D-thyroxine (T4) treatment on central benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors in the brain and on peripheral-type BZ binding sites in the heart, kidney, and testis of rats were studied. The experimental hyperthyroidism resulted in an increase in the density of cortical central BZ receptors, without any alteration of the affinity of the receptors to [3H]flunitrazepam. The increase in cortical central BZ receptors was also accompanied by the up-regulation of peripheral BZ binding sites in the heart, kidney, and testis. The affinity of the peripheral BZ binding sites for the Iigand [3H]PK 11195 was not affected by T4 treatment in any of these three organs. The increase in the density of brain cortical central BZ receptors was less prominent than the increase in the peripheral BZ binding sites. The modulatory effect of T4 treatment on central and peripheral BZ receptors might be attributed to the direct interaction of the thyroid hormone at these sites or might reflect a physiological compensatory adaptation mechanism to thyrotoxicosis associated with hypermetabolism, anxiety, and stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00727.x
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    α1-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Downregulation of Angiotensin II Receptors in Neuronal Cultures (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous evidence has suggested that brain catecholamine levels are important in the regulation of central angiotensin II receptors. In the present study, the effects of norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) on angiotensin II receptor regulation in neuronal cultures from rat hypothalamus and brainstem have been examined. Both catecholamines elicit significant decreases in [125I]angiotensin II-specific binding to neuronal cultures prepared from normotensive rats, effects that are dose dependent and that are maximal within 4–8 h of preincubation. Saturation and Scatchard analyses revealed that the norepinephrine-induced decrease in the binding is due to a decrease in the number of angiotensin II receptors in neuronal cultures, with little effect on the receptor affinity. Norepinephrine has no significant actions on [125I]angiotensin II binding in cultures prepared from spontaneously hyper tensive rats. The downregulation of angiotensin II receptors by norepinephrine or dopamine is blocked by α1-adrenergic and not by other adrenergic antagonists, a result suggesting that this effect is initiated at the cell surface involving α1-adrenergic receptors. This is further supported by our data indicating a parallel downregulation of specific α1-adrenergic receptors elicited by norepinephrine. In summary, these results show that norepinephrine and dopamine are able to alter the regulation of neuronal angiotensin II receptors by acting at α1-adrenergic receptors, which is a novel finding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00729.x
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    In Vivo Voltammetric Monitoring of Catecholamine Metabolism in the A1 and A2 Regions of the Rat Medulla Oblongata (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Catecholaminergic metabolism was estimated in A1 and A2 noradrenergic nuclei of the rat medulla oblongata using differential normal pulse voltammetry combined with electrochemically treated carbon fiber microelectrodes. In both areas an oxidation peak appearing at +50 mV was recorded. Electrochemical data and pharmacological experiments indicated that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) synthesized by noradrenergic neurons was the major contributor to this signal. Indeed, α-methyl-p-tyrosine, by inhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase, and pargyline, by inhibiting monoamine oxidase, both totally suppressed the peak appearing at +50 mV in A1 and A2 areas. Conversely, FLA-63, an inhibitor of dopamine-β-hydroxylase, increased it. Moreover, a local and unilateral injection of catecholaminergic neurotoxin (6-hydroxydbpamine) in the vicinity of A1 induced a 60% decrease in the peak height. This effect was prevented by pretreatment with desipramine, an inhibitor of noradrenaline reuptake, which is known to protect noradrenergic neurons against the action of 6-hydroxydopamine. Finally, specific drugs acting on α-2-noradrenergic receptors (clonidine and piperoxane) modulated the peak height recorded from both structures. Thus, as previously shown in the locus ceruleus, the variations in the extracellular DOPAC levels reflect the metabolic activity of A1 and A2 noradrenergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00732.x
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    An Examination of the Involvement of Phospholipases A2 and C in the α-Adrenergic and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Modulation of Cyclic AMP Accumulation in Rat Brain Slices (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Experiments were undertaken to define the role of two calcium-associated enzyme systems in modulating transmitter-stimulated production of cylic nucleotides in rat brain. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation was examined in cerebral cortical slices using a prelabeling technique. The enhancement of isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP production by α-adrenergic and γ-aminobutyric acid-B (GABAB) agonists was reduced by exposing the tissue to EGTA, a chelator of divalent cations, or quinacrine, a nonselective inhibitor of phospholipase A2. Likewise, chronic (2 weeks) administration of corticosterone decreased the α-adrenergic and GABAB receptor modulation of second messenger production. Neither cyclooxygenase nor iipoxygenase inhibitors selectively influenced the facilitating response of α-adrenergic and GABAB agonists. Other experiments revealed that although norepinephrine and 6-fluoronorepinephrine stimulated inositol phosphate (IP) production in cerebral cortical slices with potencies equal to those displayed in the cyclic nucleotide assay, selective α1,-adrenergic agonists were less efficacious on IP formation and were without effect in the cAMP assay. Conversely, a selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist facilitated the cAMP response to a β-adrenergic agonist without affecting IP formation. The rank orders of potency of a series of α-adrenergic antagonists suggest that IP accumulation is mediated solely by α1-adrenergic receptors, whereas the augmentation of cAMP accumulation is regulated by a mixed population of α-adrenergic sites. The results suggest that the α-adrenergic and GABAB receptor-mediated enhancement of isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP formation appears to be more closely associated with phospholipase A2 than phospholipase C and may be mediated by arachidonate or some other fatty acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00682.x
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    Inhibition by K+ of Na+-Dependent D-Aspartate Uptake into Brain Membrane Saccules (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Na+-dependent uptake of dicarboxylic amino acids in membrane saccules, due to exchange diffusion and independent of ion gradients, was highly sensitive to inhibition by K+. The IC50 was 1–2 mM under a variety of conditions (i.e., whole tissue or synaptic membranes, frozen/thawed or fresh, D-[3H]aspartate (10–1000 nM) or L-[3H]glutamate (100 nM), phosphate or Tris buffer, NaCl or Na acetate, presence or absence of Ca2+ and Mg2+). The degree of inhibition by K+ was also not affected on removal of ion gradients by ionophores, or by extensive washing with H2O and reloading of membrane saccules with glutamate and incubation medium in the presence or absence of K+ (3 mM, i.e., IC70). Rb+, NH4+, and, to a lesser degree Cs+, but not Li+, could substitute for K+. [K+] showed a competitive relationship to [Na+]2. Incubation with K+ before or after uptake suggested that the ion acts in part by allowing net efflux, thus reducing the internal pool of amino acid against which D-[3H]aspartate exchanges, and in part by inhibiting the interaction of Na+ and D-[3H]aspartate with the transporter. The current model of the Na+-dependent high-affinity acidic amino acid transport carrier allows the observations to be explained and reconciled with previous seemingly conflicting reports on stimulation of acidic amino acid uptake by low concentrations of K+. The findings correct the interpretation of recent reports on a K+-induced inhibition of Na+-dependent “binding” of glutamate and aspartate, and partly elucidate the mechanism of action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00685.x
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    [3H]Ketanserin (Serotonin Type 2) Binding Increases in Rat Cortex Following Basal Forebrain Lesions with Ibotenic Acid (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The response of the serotonergic system following injury to the basal forebrain cholinergic system was investigated in rats. The density of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) type 2 (S2) receptor sites in the frontal cortex and hippocampus was determined 1 week and 4 months after production of lesions by injections of ibotenic acid into the medial septum and nucleus basalis magnocellularis. One week later, the number of S2 receptor sites in the frontal neocortex, as defined by [3H]ketanserin binding, was unchanged. Four months later, the number of [3H]ketanserin binding sites (and Bmax) was increased and high-affinity [3H]serotonin uptake was decreased in the frontal neocortex, but not in the hippocampus, relative to unlesioned controls. Choline acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltrans ferase; EC 2.3.1.6) activity was decreased significantly in the frontal neocortex and hippocampus 1 week and 4 months after surgery. The change in frontal neocortical S2 receptor site density (a) was inversely related to the level of choline acetyltransferase activity, (b) was specific for cholinergic denervation associated with the cortex but not the hippocampus, and (c) may represent a localized denervation supersensitivity due to degeneration of median raphe cortical afferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00688.x
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  • 76
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    Proteolytic Inactivation of Substance P and Neurokinin A in the Longitudinal Muscle Layer of Guinea Pig Small Intestine (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Membrane vesicles, showing a 21 ± 2-fold enrichment in the activity of 5′-nucleotidase and a 11 ± 4-fold enrichment in the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme relative to homogenate, were prepared from the myenteric plexus-containing longitudinal muscle layer of guinea pig ileum. Incubation of the vesicles with substance P and neurokinin A led to degradation of the peptides, and metabolites were isolated by reverse-phase HPLC and identified by amino acid composition. Cleavages of substance P between Glu6-Phe7, Phe7-Phe8, and Gly9-Leu10 and of neurokinin A between Gly8-Leu9 were observed and could be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by phosphoramidon, an inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase 24.11. Formation of these metabolites was not completely inhibited by this agent, indicating that a phosphoramidon-insensitive form of endopeptidase 24.11 was present in the gut. Substance P was resistant to degradation by aminopeptidases, but neurokinin A was a substrate for bestatin-sensitive aminopeptidase(s), so that the neurokinin A (3–10) fragment represented the predominant metabolite in the chromatograms. The rate of formation of all the metabolites was not inhibited by ena-lapril and not enhanced by an increased Cl− concentration, indicating that angiotensin-converting enzyme was unimportant in the degradation process. Degradation of neurokinin A by the vesicles (Km 30 μM; Vmax 7.2 ±0.8 nmol min−1 mg of protein−1) was more rapid than degradation of substance P (Km 25 μM; Vmax 4.4 ± 0.4 nmol min−1 mg of protein−1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00690.x
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  • 77
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    Immunochemical and Immunohistochemical Localization of Parvalbumin in Rat Nervous Tissues (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The contents of parvalbumin in various nervous tissues of the rat were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and its cellular distribution was immuno-histochemically examined by peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods. The antibody, raised in rabbits using rat skeletal muscle parvalbumin, did not cross-react with other Ca2+ -binding proteins such as calmodulin or S-100 proteins. The RIA demonstrated the wide distribution of the antigen, with very high levels in the cerebellum (3.217 ± 519 ng/mg protein). The immunohistochemical description by Celio and Heizmann [Nature 293, 300-302 (1981)] was confirmed concerning the existence of the antigen in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum; nonpyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex; and medium-sized cells of the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and reticular nucleus of the thalamus. In addition to these neurons, we found the parvalbumin-like immunoreactivity in the large neurons of the superior vestibular nucleus and the neurons of the medial superior olive nucleus. In the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing nuclei such as substantia nigra, caudatoputamen, and globus pallidus. parvalbumin-positive cells and fibers were rare. In the medial lemniscus of the midbrain which contains no GABA, parvalbumin-immunoreactive fibers were prominent. The possibility was discussed that parvalbumin exists in a specific population of neurons that differ from those containing GABA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13055.x
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  • 78
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    Invalidity of Criticisms of the Deoxyglucose Method Based on Alleged Glucose-6-Phosphatase Activity in Brain (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The observations made by Sacks et al. [Neurochem. Rea.8, 661–685 (1983)] on which they based their criticisms of the deoxyglucose method have been examined and found to have no relationship to the conclusions drawn by them. (1) The observations of Sacks et al. (1983) of constant concentrations of [14C]deoxyglucose and [14C]deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. predominantly in the form of product, reflects only the postmortem phosphorylation of the precursor during the dissection of the brain in their experiments. When the brains are removed by freeze-blowing, the time courses of the [14C]deoxyglucose and [14C]deoxyglucose-6-phos-phate concentrations in brain during the 45 min after the intravenous pulse are close to those predicted by the model of the deoxyglucose method. (2) Their observation of a reversal of the cerebral arteriovenous difference from positive to negative for [14C]deoxyglucose and not for [14C]glucose after an intravenous infusion of either tracer is, contrary to their conclusions, not a reflection of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in brain but the consequence of the different proportions of the rate constants for efflux and phosphorylation for these two hexoses in brain and is fully predicted by the model of the deoxyglucose method. (3) It is experimentally demonstrated that there is no significant arteriovenous difference for glucose-6-phosphate in brain, that infusion of [12P]glucose-6-phosphate results in no labeling of brain, and that the blood-brain barrier is impermeable to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphate cannot, therefore, cross the blood-brain barrier, and the observation by Sacks and coworkers [J. Appl. Physiol.24, 817–827 (1968); Neuro-chein. Res.8, 661–685 (1983)J of a positive cerebral arteriovenous difference for [14C]glucose-6-phosphate and a negative arteriovenous difference for [14C]glucose cannot possibly reflect glucose-6-phosphatase activity in brain as concluded by them. Each of the criticisms raised by Sacks et al. has been demonstrated to be devoid of validity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13057.x
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  • 79
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    Stimulatory Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Norepinephrine Biosynthesis in Digitonin-Permeabilized Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The regulatory role of ascorbic acid in norepinephrine biosynthesis was studied using digitonin permeabilized chromaffin cells. When permeabilized chromaffin cells were incubated with [3H]3,4-dihydroxyphen-ylethylamine ([3H]dopamine) in calcium-free medium, the amounts of radioactive dopamine and norepinephrine measured in the cell fraction were increased as a function of incubation time and dopamine concentration. Both the accumulation of dopamine and the formation of norepinephrine were shown to require the presence of Mg-ATP in the medium. These results indicate that the permea-bilization of chromaffin cells by digitonin treatment does not disrupt the functions of chromaffin granules, including dopamine uptake, norepinephrine formation, and storage of these amines. Using this permeabilized cell system, the effect of ascorbic acid on the rates of dopamine uptake and hydroxylation was investigated. The formation of norepinephrine was stimulated by ascorbic acid at concentrations of 0.5–2 mM in the presence of Mg-ATP. By contrast, dopamine uptake was not affected by the presence or absence of ascorbic acid in the medium. These findings provide evidence that ascorbic acid may stimulate the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine by increasing dopamine beta monooxygenase activity rather than by increasing the substrate supply of dopamine. These observations also suggest that the rate of norepinephrine biosynthesis in adrenal medullary cells may be regulated by the concentration of ascorbic acid within the cell cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13060.x
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  • 80
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    Stimulation of the Serotonin Autoreceptor Prevents the Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Increase of Serotonin Biosynthesis in Rat Raphe Slices (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The role of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) autoreceptor in the regulation of the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase was investigated in rat raphe slices. The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase was estimated by measuring the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the presence of inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase using 3-hydroxy-4-bromobenzyloxy-amine by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Serotonin and its agonists N, N-dimethyl-5-methoxytryptamine and 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-piperazine reduced the formation of 5-hydroxytryptophan to 50–60% at 10−5M. The effect of serotonin was reversed by 10−5M methiothepin. an antagonist of the serotonin autoreceptor. The calmodulin antagonists N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1 -naphthalenesul-fonamide (W-7) and N-(6-ammohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-5), dose-dependently reduced the basal formation of 5-hydroxytryptophan to 40–50% at 10−6 and 10−4M, respectively. W-7 also reduced the activated formation by A-23187 or dibutyryl cyclic AMP in a dose-dependent manner. W-7 had no effect on 5-hydroxytryptophan formation reduced by serotonin at 10−5M. These results suggest that the role of the serotonin autoreceptor was related to the prevention of the calcium-calmodulin-dependent activation of tryptophan hydroxylase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13063.x
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  • 81
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    Enzymatic Reconstitution of Brain Membrane and Membrane Opiate Receptors (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A new method using lysophosphatide and acyl-CoA as detergents has been used to solubilize the rat brain opiate receptor. After solubilization, lysophosphatide and acyl-CoA can be almost completely removed by an enzymatic reaction that uses an acyltransferase from rat liver microsomes and reconstitutes the solubilized receptor in membranous vesicles. Morphological studies performed with negative staining and freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed that the general appearance and intramembrane particle distribution of fracture faces in the reconstituted membrane are similar to those of the native membrane; this indicates that hydrophobic protein components of the original membrane were incorporated during reconstitution. Reconstituted membrane, however, contained higher levels of phosphatidylcholine and lower levels of cholesterol. The activities of the membrane-bound enzymes Na+, K − -ATPase and Ca2 -, Mg2+-ATPaxe in the reconstituted system were 24 and 3%, respectively, those of the native membrane. Although binding of opiate ligands to the reconstituted membrane was stereospecific and saturable, higher concentrations of some of the unlabeled ligands were required to inhibit binding of the radiolabeled ligands. These changes in receptor characteristics are likely due to changes in lipid composition, physical state, and/or distribution of the lipids in the reconstituted membrane bilayer. This conclusion is supported by an increase in the affinity of opiate ligands for reconstituted membrane after adjustment of the latter's lipid composition to match more closely that of the original membrane. This was accomplished by treatment with phospholipid exchange protein to remove the excess phosphatidylcholine and by incorporation of cholesterol into the reconstituted membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13062.x
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  • 82
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    Correlation of Hexokinase Content and Basal Energy Metabolism in Discrete Regions of Rat Brain (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Brain hexokinase (ATP:D-hexose 6-phospho-transferase, EC 2.7.1.1) levels in seven regions of rat brain were estimated by photometric measurement of im-munofluorescence in cryostat-cut sections. When compared with basal rates of glucose metabolism in these regions, estimated by the 6-[14C]glucose method, a significant correlation was observed. Thus, hexokinase content reflects metabolic energy demands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13066.x
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  • 83
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    4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine Decreases Brain Acetylcholine In Vivo, but Does Not Alter the Level of Acetyl-CoA (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of intraperitoneally administered 4- (1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine (NVP; 200 mg/kg) on the concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh), choline (Ch), and acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) in rat striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum were investigated. Twenty minutes after treatment, the content of ACh was significantly diminished, whereas that of Ch was increased. In response to stress (swimming for 20 min), these changes were enhanced. However, the AcCoA content did not change in any of the brain regions. It is thus very likely that the decrease of brain ACh concentration induced by NVP is due to the drug's effect on choline acetyltrans- ferase (ChAT) and/or the reduction of the high-affinity Ch uptake, and not on the availability of AcCoA. Presumably, the pharmacologically diminished activity of ChAT may become the rate-limiting factor in the maintenance of ACh levels in cholinergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13068.x
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  • 84
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    Calendar of Events (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb13070.x
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  • 85
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    Extra- and Intracellular pH During Near-Complete Forebrain Ischemia in the Rat (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The objective of the present study was to estimate extracellular pH (pHe) and intracellular pH (pHi) during near-complete forebrain ischemia in the rat, and to evaluate the relative importance of lactic acidosis and rise in tissue Pco2, (Ptco2) in causing pHe and pHi to fall. The animals, which were ventilated, normoxic, normocapnic, and normothermic, were subjected to 15 min of ischemia, either without or with 30–60 min of recirculation. Ptco, was measured with a tissue electrode, pH, with a double-barrel liquid ion-exchanger microelectrode, changes in extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by impedance measurements, tissue CO, content by a microdiffusion technique, and labile tissue metabolites by enzymatic fluorometric methods. Ischemia caused Ptco2 to rise to between 95 and 190 mm Hg (mean 149 mm Hg), and pH, to fall by 0.45–1.05 units (mean 0.70 units). During recovery, Ptco, normalized within 5 min and pHe after 15–30 min. During ischemia, high-energy phosphates were depleted and tissue lactate content increased to 15 μmol · g−1. The total CO2 content (Tco2) was minimally or moderately reduced (normal, 11.9 μmol · g−1; range of ischemic values, 7.9–12.1 μmol · g0-, this range probably reflecting variable amounts of remaining blood flow. Impedance measurements demonstrated that ECF volume during ischemia was reduced to 55% of control, with gradual normalization during the first 15–30 min of recirculation. From values for Ptco2, Tco2, [HCO3−]e, and ECF volume, [HCO3−]i, and pH, could be calculated. These values pertain to an idealized homogeneous intracellular compartment, and the methods used cannot detect whether different intracellular compartments diverge in their acid-base responses. Ischemia caused pH, to fall from 7.05 to a mean of 6.15 (range 5.9–6.4). Previous data, and those obtained at present, suggest that pH, normalizes after 15 min of recirculation, with a subsequent, secondary alkalosis. Calculations indicate that about half of the pH, change was due to the hypercapnia. In intracellular fluid, though, the hypercapnia must play a minor role in reducing pH, the predominate cause of the acidosis being lactic acid production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb12973.x
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  • 86
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    Calendar of Events (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00760.x
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  • 87
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    Isolation and Sequencing of a Genomic Clone for Mouse Brain Specific Small RNA (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We isolated a mouse genomic clone that hybridized with small RNA present in the cytoplasm of the brain. The RNA was about 150 nucleotides long. This RNA seemed to be specific to the brain, since it was not found in the liver or kidney. The clone DNA contained a sequence homologous to 82-nucleotide “identifier” core sequence of cDNA clones of rat. The sequence contained a split promoter for RNA polymerase III and was flanked by a 12-nucleotide direct repeat (ATAAATAATTTA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00664.x
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Na+-Dependent “Binding” of D-Aspartate in Brain Membranes Is Largely Due to Uptake into Membrane-Bounded Saccules (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Na+-dependent “binding” of acidic amino acids in brain plasma membranes was examined by procedures similar to those employed in earlier studies, using the metabolically inert D-[3H]aspartate as a probe. The “binding” showed characteristics similar to those described before in terms of affinity (KD, 400 nM). density of sites (Bmax, 300 pmol/mg protein), sensitivity to D,L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate. and requirement for Na+. It turned out that the “binding” represents uptake into membrane-bounded saccules (which according to the inulin and H2O spaces constituted 3.4 μ/mg protein and comprised about 50% of the volume of the sedimented membranes), rather than binding to the transport carrier. This conclusion is based on the observations that the “binding” of D-aspartate (1) was released by osmotic shock; (2) was abolished by thorough washing of membranes in H2O prior to assay, Which removed endogenous contents of amino acids, and could be recovered by loading the washed membranes with glutamate; (3) was reduced by prior freezing and thawing; (4) was low on incubation at 0°C; (5) had a bell-shaped time course similar to that reported for uptake; and (6) had a slow rate of reversal compared to the apparent KD. True binding would have considerably lower apparent Bmax than the carrier-mediated uptake. This and its likely rapid rate of dissociation would make binding to the carrier difficult to detect by the methods used up to now.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00684.x
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  • 89
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    Effect of Seizures Induced by Intra-Amygdaloid Kainic Acid on Kainic Acid Binding Sites in Rat Hippocampus and Amygdala (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: [3H]Kainic acid binding sites with a slow dissociation rate in the rat limbic system were investigated in detail. Extensively washed membranes prepared from the hippocampal formation and from the region comprising the amygdala and the piriform cortex yielded nonlinear Scatchard plots. Microdissection showed that the high-affinity component (affinity constant around 1 nM) was present in the hippocampal CA3 region (4.2 fmol/mg wet tissue) and the amygdaloid complex (4.6 fmol/mg wet tissue), whereas the remaining part of the hippocampal formation and the piriform lobe contained the low-affinity component (affinity constant 5–20 nM; 11.6 and 11.3 fmol/mg wet tissue, respectively). In the lateral + medial septum we detected only the low-affinity component. Severe limbic seizures, induced by unilateral injection of 0.7 or 0.8 μg kainic acid in 0.3 μl of phosphate-buffered saline into the amygdala, reduced kainic acid binding sites in the ipsilateral amygdala and CA3 region. The decline of kainic acid binding sites in the injected amygdala was followed by a similar effect in the contralateral amygdala (“mirror focus”) and later by a moderate loss also in the contralateral CA3 region. Kainic acid receptor autoradi-ography demonstrated that binding sites were lost from the stratum lucidum in hippocampus. Septal lesion had no effect on kainic acid binding sites in the hippocampus. Comparison with previous results on the histopathological changes after this lesion shows that high-affinity kainic acid binding sites are preferentially located on neurons that undergo selective degenerations after severe kainic acid-induced seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00671.x
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  • 90
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    Extracellular Fluid Proteins of Goldfish Brain: Evidence for the Presence of Proteases and Esterases (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Preparations of enriched fractions of extracellular fluid (ECF) proteins from goldfish brain were found to contain protease(s) and esterase(s). The N-substituted furanacryloyl (FA) peptides FA-Phe-Gly-Gly and FA-Phe-OMe were used as model substrates for determining protease and esterase activity, respectively, in a spectro-photometric assay. Studies of the profile of substrate specificity and identification of the types of compounds that were effective as inhibitors showed that these ECF enzymes have some distinctive properties. GSH, but not GSSG, and EDTA inhibited the protease(s) without influencing the esterase(s), whereas l-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethylchloromethyl ketone blocked both protease and esterase activites of ECF. Most of the protease and esterase properties of ECF could be bound to concanav-alin A-Sepharose affinity chromatographic columns in association with ependymin—a brain extracellular protein. These observations indicate that ECF may contain a metalloprotease(s) and raise the possibility that the ependymins might be a substrate for these ECF enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00674.x
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  • 91
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    Cerebral Phosphoinositide, Triacylglycerol, and Energy Metabolism in Reversible Ischemia: Origin and Fate of Free Fatty Acids (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol (DAG), triacylglycerol (TAG), and free fatty acids (FFAs), as well as their fatty acid composition, were determined in rat forebrain during ischemia and postischemic recirculation. Cerebral energy state and electroencephalograms (EEGs) were also studied. Fifteen minutes of ischemia resulted in a decrease in PIP2 and PIP contents but not in PI content, concurrent with an enlargement of the FFA and DAG pools. The latter were enriched in stearate and arachidonate. Prolongation of ischemia did not produce further changes in content of any of the inositol phosphalipids, but the increase in levels of FFAs and DAG continued. At the end of 45 min of ischemia, levels of both PIP2 and PIP decreased by 45–50%, and the total phosphoinositide content (PIP2+ PIP + PI) decreased by 21%, whereas levels of FFAs and DAG increased to 14– and 3.6-fold of control levels, respectively. During ischemia, the TAG-palmitate level decreased, but the TAG-arachidonate level increased; the tissue energy state deteriorated severely; and the EEG was suppressed. A 30-min recirculation period after 15 or 45 min of ischemia led to increases in PIP2, PIP, and total phosphoinositide contents, whereas levels of FFAs and DAG promptly decreased toward control values. The TAG-arachidonate level peaked and the TAG-palmitate level returned to a low control value during early recirculation. The ischemic changes in tissue lipids were completely reversed within 3 h of recirculation after both periods of ischemia. Adenylates were fully phosphorylated with as little as 30 min of reflow. The EEG activity partially recovered during reflow after 15 min of ischemia, whereas it remained depressed after prolonged ischemia. Thus, phosphodiesteric cleavage of PIP2 and PIP followed by deacylation of DAG is likely to contribute to the production of FFAs in early ischemia. Deacylation of undetermined lipids plays a role for the increment in levels of FFAs in the later period of ischemia. The rapid postischemic increase in levels of PIP2 and PIP indicates active synthesis not only from existing PI, but probably also by means of accumulated FFAs and DAG. These results indicate that the impaired resynthesis of inositol phospholipids cannot be a cause of the poor EEG activity after prolonged ischemia. Degradation and resynthesis of polyphosphoinositides and formation of TAG-arachidonate may be important for modulation of free arachidonic acid levels in the brain during temporary ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00675.x
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  • 92
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    Opsonization with Antimyelin Antibody Increases the Uptake and Intracellular Metabolism of Myelin in Inflammatory Macrophages (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In most demyelinating diseases, macrophages are believed to be active agents of myelin destruction. In experimental encephalomyelitis, these cells appear to strip off and ingest the myelin lamellae, and myelin debris has been observed within the cell body. We show here in vitro conditions in which rat peritoneal macrophages phagocytose and metabolize CNS myelin lipids. Purified rat myelin, prelabeled in vivo with [14C]acetate, was incubated with preimmune serum or rabbit antiserum to rat CNS myelin and added to macrophage monolayers. Myelin opsonized with antimyelin antibodies was more readily phagocytosed and metabolized by cultured macrophages than untreated myelin or that preincubated with preimmune serum. In the presence of macrophages, levels of myelin polar lipids and cholesterol decreased, whereas radioactive cholesterol ester and triglyceride accumulated. Up to five times as much radioactive cholesterol ester and about twice as much triglyceride accumulated in macrophage cultures containing antibody-treated myelin as in cultures fed preimmune serum-treated myelin or in those incubated with untreated myelin. Both the fatty acid and the cholesterol from cholesterol ester contained radioactive label: therefore, both were derived at least partly from the radioactive myelin lipid. Antiserum to myelin purified from peripheral nerve was almost as effective as that to CNS myelin in stimulating cholesterol metabolism, whereas antiserum to galactocerebroside was about 70% as active. Antiserum to basic protein had less effect, whereas antiserum to the myelin-associated glycoprotein and proteolipid protein was inactive. Of the polar lipids, ethanolamine phosphatide was most degraded in both the antiserum- and preimmune serum-treated myelin, with the diacyl form and plasmalogen form degraded about equally. These experiments indicate that myelin-specific antibodies in inflammatory CNS lesions may participate in and stimulate macrophage-mediated demyelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00679.x
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic Pools of ATP in Cultured Bovine Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells contain a pool of ATP sequestered within the chromaffin vesicles and an extravesicular pool of ATP. In a previous study it was shown that the turnover of ATP in the extravesicular pool was biphasic. One phase occurred with a t1/2 of 3.5–4.5 h whereas the second phase occurred with a t1/2 of several days. The studies described here were undertaken to characterize further the vesicular and extravesicular pools of ATP by examining the effects of metabolic inhibitors, adenosine, and digitonin on ATP utilization and subcellular localization immediately after and 48 h after labeling with [3H]adenosine and 32Pi. Immediately after labeling a combination of cyanide, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, the β-glucono-l,5-lactone resulted in a 90–95% depletion of the labeled ATP but only a 25% depletion of the endogenous ATP within 30 min. Forty-eight hours after labeling, addition of the inhibitors resulted in a 70% depletion of the [3H]ATP but only a 25% depletion of the [32P]ATP and endogenous ATP. Addition of 10 μM adenosine to the media resulted in a similar loss of [3HJATP in cells examined immediately after or 48 h after labeling. Adenosine increased the amounts of [32P]ATP when added immediately after labeling but had no effect on the [32P]ATP content when added 48 h after labeling. Permeabilization of the plasma membrane by treatment with digitonin resulted in a loss of 90–95% of the labeled ATP but only 20% of the endogenous ATP in cells examined immediately after labeling and in a 79% loss of [3H]ATP, a 32% loss of [32P]ATP, and a 23% loss of endogenous ATP in cells examined 48 h after labeling. These studies show that ATP contained within chromaffin vesicles is metabolically inert and does not exchange readily with cytosolic ATP, but they do not differentiate extravesicular pools of labeled ATP. Calculation of ATP disappearance after abrupt cessation of ATP production indicates that cultured adrenal chromaffin cells utilize ATP at a rate of 0.24 nmol/min/106 cells, corresponding to a turnover time of 12.5 min for the extravesicular pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00702.x
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pantothenic Acid Transport Through the Blood-Brain Barrier (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The unidirectional influx of d-pantothenic acid (PA) across cerebral capillaries, the anatomical locus of the blood-brain barrier, was measured with an in situ rat brain perfusion technique using [3H]d-PA (1.1 Ci/mmol). PA was transported across the blood-brain barrier by a saturable system that could be described by a MichaelisMenten transport model with a half-saturation concentration and maximal influx rate of 19 μM and 0.21 nmol/g of brain/min, respectively. PA (0.3 μM) transport through the blood-brain barrier was significantly inhibited by probenecid, nonanoic acid, and biotin (all 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00223042:JNC966:les" location="les.gif"/〉0.25 mM), but not by penicillin G, pyruvate, β-hydroxybutyrate. l-leucine (all 1 mM), or poly-l-lysine HBr (1 mg/ml). Probenecid (0.25 mM), nonanoic acid (0.5 mM), and PA (1.0mM) did not inhibit [3H]l-leucine transport through the blood-brain barrier, whereas 30 μM-l-leucine inhibited [3H]leucine transport to 23% of control values. Thus, PA is transported through the blood-brain barrier by a lowcapacity, saturable transport system with a half-saturation concentration -10 times the plasma PA concentration. Although involved in the transfer of PA from blood into brain, this system does not play an important regulatory role in the synthesis of CoA from PA in brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00705.x
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Memoriam: Kenneth Allan Caldwell Elliott 1903–1986 (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00710.x
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Messenger RNA from the Cerebral Cortex of Control and Alzheimer-Afflicted Brain (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A detailed comparative study of RNA transcripts isolated from the neocortex of control and Alzheimer postmortem brains was made to determine whether morphological changes in the chromatin of Alzheimer neurons and glia, which we reported earlier, are accompanied by changes in the products of transcription. A number of parameters were determined including the yields of total and mRNA per gram of tissue, the relative proportions of polyadenylated [poly(A) +] mRNA in the total RNA, the size distribution of the transcripts and the length of their poly(A) tails, and the nature of their in vitro translation products. The levels of endogenous RNase activity were also measured. The effect of the agonal process on the transcript complement was examined by Northern blotting of a cloned human heat-shock cDNA to total human brain RNA. Our results reveal that the yields of total RNA, unadenylated mRNA, and poly(A) tail lengths from Alzheimer neocortex samples do not differ significantly from those of control and non Alzheimer dementia neocortex. On the other hand we find a significant reduction in the levels and proportion of poly(A)+ mRNA in the Alzheimer samples as compared to control brain samples. Quantitative rather than qualitative differences were observed in the in vitro translation products when programmed with control and Alzheimer mRNA. No differences were found in the levels of RNase activity between control and Alzheimer simples. Heatshock mRNA transcripts were detected in brain samples from patients in whom fever was associated with death. The direct correlation of reduced poly(A)+ mRNA and chromatin condensation in Alzheimer neocortex suggests a cause-and-effect relationship. Whether all transcribed genes are affected or only a specific subset has yet to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00708.x
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of Cyclic Nucleotides in PC12 Cell Cultures: Uptake, Metabolism, and Effects of Metabolites on Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Neurite Outgrowth (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The fate of cyclic AMP (cAMP), dibutyryl-cAMP (Bt2-cAMP), and the (Sp)-isomer of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphorothioate [(Sp)-cAMPS] was studied in the PC12 culture medium by means of HPLC. In the absence of PC12 cells, cAMP and Bt2-cAMP were rapidly degraded by nonspecific esterases and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase both originating from the serum commonly used as a culture medium ingredient, whereas (Sp)-cAMPS was completely stable. Since 5′-AMP, adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine appeared in the culture medium after incubation with cAMP or Bt2-cAMP, we have determined their effect on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth. 5′-AMP, adenosine, and inosine were indeed potent agents in producing a potentiating effect on NGF-induced early neurite outgrowth at a concentration of 1 mM. Thus, cAMP metabolites had the capacity to induce an effect that has been described as cAMP-specific. In serum-free culture medium and in the presence of cells, all cyclic nucleotides were taken up by PC12 cells. Uptake was highly correlated with the hydrophobic nature of the compounds, and was accompanied by a simultaneous excretion of metabolites. On incubation with cAMP, NGF had a pronounced effect on the metabolic pattern found in the culture medium. In particular, dephosphorylation of 5′-AMP was specifically enhanced. This effect of NGF on the degradation of cAMP was also apparent when cAMP metabolites were incubated with PC12 cells. Whereas 5′-AMP degradation was greatly increased, NGF had no effect on the metabolism of the other purine compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00697.x
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide-Metabolizing Peptidases in Neuro-2a Neuroblastoma and C6 Glioma Cells (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Mouse Neuro-2a neuroblastoma and rat C6 glioma cloned cells were screened for neuropeptide-metabolizing peptidases using a kininase bioassay combined with a time-course bradykinin-product analysis, and a fluorimetnc assay for prolyl endopeptidase. The complementary peptide products Arg1→ Phe5/Ser6→ Arg9 and Arg1→ Pro7/Phe8-Arg9 were released during bradykinin (Arg1-Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5-Ser6-Pro7-Phe8-Arg9) inactivation by homogenates of Neuro-2a and C6 cells. The 1:1 stoichiometry of the complementary fragments and their high yields, at 10% bradykinin inactivation, demonstrated the sites of hydrolysis. The initial rate of Phe5-Ser6 bond cleavage was six-fold higher than that of the Pro7-Phe8 bond. These sites of cleavage can be attributed to enzymes similar to endqpeptidase A (Phe5-Ser6) and prolyl endopeptidase (Pro7-Phe8) on the basis of the specificity and sensitivity to inhibitors of the kininase activity in Neuro-2a and C6 cell homogenates. Kininase and prolyl endopeptidase specific activities (fmol/min/cell) were 10.5 and 12.4 for Neuro-2a, and 1.5 and 2 for C6 homogenate, respectively. The recovery of kininase activity was 2.2-fold higher in the particulate than in the soluble (105,000 g for 1 h) neuronal fraction, whereas the amount of prolyl endopeptidase activity was about the same in both fractions. Kininase and prolyl endopeptidase activities in C6 cells were recovered mostly in the soluble fraction. Prolyl endopeptidase specific activity decreased 10-fold in serum-starved Neuro-2a cultured cells, with no change in activity in similarly treated C6 cells. In contrast, kininase specific activity in both cell types was essentially unaffected on serum-deprivationinduced differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00701.x
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NAD+ Glycohydrolase of the Plasma Membrane Prepared from Glial and Neuronal Cells (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: NAD+ glycohydrolase (EC 3.2.2.5) activity was detected in the plasma membrane prepared from the primary culture of rat astrocytes. The enzyme has a broad optimum pH range. From the kinetic analysis, a Michaelis constant of 91.2 μM and a maximum velocity of 0.785 μmol/min/mg protein were obtained. ADPribose exhibited a competitive inhibition with respect to NAD. The inhibition by nicotinamide was shown to be of a noncompetitive type. ATP and GTP were found to be competitive inhibitors. NAD+ glycohydrolase activity was not detected in the plasma membrane prepared from the primary culture of neuronal cells of chick embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00706.x
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecto-ATPase of Mammalian Synaptosomes: Identification and Enzymic Characterization (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Intact synaptosomes isolated from mammalian brain tissues (rat, mouse, gerbil, and human) have an ATP hydrolyzing enzyme activity on their external surface. The synaptosomal ecto-ATPase(s) possesses characteristics consistent with those that have been described for ecto-ATPases of various other cell types. The enzyme has a high affinity for ATP (the apparent Km values are in the range of 2–5 × 10−5M), and is apparently stimulated equally well by either Mg2+ or Ca2+ in the absence of any other cations. The apparent activation constant for both divalent cations is approximately 4 × 10−4M in all mammalian brain tissues studied. The involvement of a nonspecific phosphatase in the hydrolysis of externally added ATP is excluded. ATP hydrolysis is maximal in the pH range 7.4–7.8 for both divalent cation-dependent ATPase activities. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 2,4-dinitrophenol, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and p-chloromercuribenzoate (50 μM) inhibit the ecto-ATPase, whereas ouabain (1 mM) and oligomycin (3.5 μg × mg−1 protein) show little or no inhibition of this enzyme activity. Inhibitor data suggest that the Mg2+- and Ca2+-dependent ecto-ATPase may represent two different enzymes on the surface of synaptosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00707.x
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